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Ahmad S, Xu Q, Tariq M, Song M, Liu C, Yan H. Assessing the Potential of Aconitum Laeve Extract for Biogenic Silver and Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis and Their Biological and Catalytic Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:2640. [PMID: 38893515 PMCID: PMC11173888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The adoption of green chemistry protocols in nanoparticle (NP) synthesis has exhibited substantial potential and is presently a central focus in research for generating versatile NPs applicable across a broad spectrum of applications. In this scientific contribution, we, for the first time, examined the ability of Aconitum Laeve (A. Laeve) crude extract to synthesize silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs@AL; AuNP@AL) and explored their potential applications in biological activities and the catalytic degradation of environmental pollutants. The synthesized NPs exhibited a distinctive surface plasmon resonance pattern, a spherical morphology with approximate sizes of 5-10 nm (TEM imaging), a crystalline architecture (XRD analysis), and potential functional groups identified by FTIR spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity was demonstrated by inhibition zones that measured 16 and 14 mm for the AgNPs@AL and AuNP@AL at a concentration of 80 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and 14 and 12 mm against Escherichia coli, respectively. The antioxidant potential of the synthesized NPs was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2-Phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-Oxide (PTIO), and 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. Our findings suggest that the AuNP@AL effectively countered the tested radicals considerably, displaying IC50 values of 115.9, 103.54, and 180.85 µg/mL against DPPH, PTIO, and ABTS, respectively. In contrast, the AgNPs@AL showed IC50 values of 144.9, 116.36, and 95.39 µg/mL against the respective radicals. In addition, both the NPs presented significant effectiveness in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B. The overall observations indicate that A. Laeve possesses a robust capability to synthesize spherical nanoparticles, exhibiting excellent dispersion and showcasing potential applications in both biological activities and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Ahmad
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.A.); (M.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Qianqian Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.A.); (M.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Meijie Song
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.A.); (M.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.A.); (M.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Hai Yan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.A.); (M.S.); (C.L.)
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Fernando KAS, Thakuri R, Barry Schroeder AL, Ruiz ON. Chemical Method for Recovery and Regeneration of Graphene Oxide. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:315-324. [PMID: 38079526 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has been developed as a very effective medium for filtration and removal of microbial contaminants in fuel. GO is capable of filtering out microorganisms without needing micrometer and submicrometer pores for filtration. Our previous studies showed that microorganisms are attracted by GO and bind irreversibly to GO without promoting bacterial growth. Therefore, GO was tested as a filter medium to remove microorganisms in fuel. The characterization results showed that GO removed microbes in diesel fuel with >99% efficiency. However, the synthesis of GO using Hummers' method is labor intensive and a time-consuming. We present in this paper an economical, less labor intensive and a simple chemical approach to recover GO after it has been used as a filtration medium for the removal of microorganisms in fuels. In the GO recovery process, microbial and fuel contaminated GO is washed with hexane to remove any fuel from the GO sample. The hexane-washed GO is further washed with acetone and mixed with ethanol to kill and remove any microorganisms. After washing with ethanol, the GO sample is sonicated in water to remove impurities and re-establish the oxygen functionalities. The final recovered-GO (rec-GO) is obtained after removing water by rotary evaporation. The chemical characterization of rec-GO showed that rec-GO is similar in both chemical and physical properties compared to freshly synthesized-GO (as-syn-GO). Rec-GO was shown to perform similarly to as-syn-GO in filtration of biocontaminated fuel. We estimate that our rec-GO is at least 90% cheaper than high quality commercially available GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Shiral Fernando
- Polymer and Specialty Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 32542, United States
| | - Rajendr Thakuri
- Energy Technology and Materials Division, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, United States
| | - Amanda L Barry Schroeder
- Fuels and Combustion Division, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, United States
| | - Oscar N Ruiz
- Biomaterials Branch, Photonics, Electronic & Soft Materials Division, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 32542, United States
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Li M, Liu Y, Gong Y, Yan X, Wang L, Zheng W, Ai H, Zhao Y. Recent advances in nanoantibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6278-6317. [PMID: 38024316 PMCID: PMC10662204 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00530e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria-caused infections have been a major threat to human health. The abuse of conventional antibiotics accelerates the generation of MDR bacteria and makes the situation worse. The emergence of nanomaterials holds great promise for solving this tricky problem due to their multiple antibacterial mechanisms, tunable antibacterial spectra, and low probabilities of inducing drug resistance. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of the generation of drug resistance, and introduce the recently developed nanomaterials for dealing with MDR bacteria via various antibacterial mechanisms. Considering that biosafety and mass production are the major bottlenecks hurdling the commercialization of nanoantibiotics, we introduce the related development in these two aspects. We discuss urgent challenges in this field and future perspectives to promote the development and translation of nanoantibiotics as alternatives against MDR pathogens to traditional antibiotics-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulan Li
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University No. 2, Section 5, Heping Road Jin Zhou Liaoning 121000 P. R. China
| | - Youhuan Gong
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Yan
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Cannano Tefei Technology, Co. LTD Room 1013, Building D, No. 136 Kaiyuan Avenue, Huangpu District Guangzhou Guangdong Province 510535 P. R. China
| | - Hao Ai
- Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University No. 2, Section 5, Heping Road Jin Zhou Liaoning 121000 P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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Gheorghe-Barbu I, Corbu VM, Vrancianu CO, Marinas IC, Popa M, Dumbravă AȘ, Niță-Lazăr M, Pecete I, Muntean AA, Popa MI, Marinescu L, Ficai D, Ficai A, Czobor Barbu I. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Recently Isolated Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical and Aquatic Strains and Demonstration of Silver Nanoparticle Potency. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2439. [PMID: 37894097 PMCID: PMC10609299 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) strains isolated from the clinical and aquatic environment. Three types of Ag NPs were investigated for their antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antivirulence properties on a total number of 132 AB strains isolated in the same temporal sequence from intra-hospital infections (IHIs), wastewater (WW), and surface water (SW) samples between 2019 and 2022 from different Romanian locations and characterized at the phenotypic and genotypic levels. The comparative analysis of the antimicrobial resistance (AR) profiles according to the isolation source and the geographical location demonstrated a decrease in MDR level in AB recovered from WW samples in 2022 from north-eastern/central/southern regions (N-E/C-W/analyzed strains S): 87.5/60/32.5%. The AB strains were lecithinase, caseinase, amylase, and lipase producers, had variable biofilm formation ability, and belonged to six genotypes associated with the presence of different virulence genes (ompA, csuE, bap, and bfmS). The Ag NPs synthesized with the solvothermal method exhibited an inhibitory effect on microbial growth, the adherence capacity to the inert substratum, and on the production of soluble virulence factors. We report here the first description of a powerful antibacterial agent against MDR AB strains circulating between hospitals and anthropically polluted water in Romania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gheorghe-Barbu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor No. 1–3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.-B.); (C.O.V.); (I.C.M.); (M.P.); (A.Ș.D.); (I.C.B.)
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), B.P Hasdeu No. 7, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorica Maria Corbu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor No. 1–3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.-B.); (C.O.V.); (I.C.M.); (M.P.); (A.Ș.D.); (I.C.B.)
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), B.P Hasdeu No. 7, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor No. 1–3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.-B.); (C.O.V.); (I.C.M.); (M.P.); (A.Ș.D.); (I.C.B.)
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), B.P Hasdeu No. 7, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Cristina Marinas
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor No. 1–3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.-B.); (C.O.V.); (I.C.M.); (M.P.); (A.Ș.D.); (I.C.B.)
| | - Marcela Popa
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor No. 1–3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.-B.); (C.O.V.); (I.C.M.); (M.P.); (A.Ș.D.); (I.C.B.)
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), B.P Hasdeu No. 7, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Ștefania Dumbravă
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor No. 1–3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.-B.); (C.O.V.); (I.C.M.); (M.P.); (A.Ș.D.); (I.C.B.)
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), B.P Hasdeu No. 7, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Niță-Lazăr
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology (INCD ECOIND), 050663 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ionut Pecete
- Central Reference Synevo-Medicover Laboratory, 021408 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Andrei Alexandru Muntean
- Cantacuzino National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.A.M.); (M.I.P.)
- Department of Microbiology II, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Ioan Popa
- Cantacuzino National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.A.M.); (M.I.P.)
- Department of Microbiology II, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Marinescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politechnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu, No. 1–7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (D.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Denisa Ficai
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politechnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu, No. 1–7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (D.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Anton Ficai
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politechnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu, No. 1–7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (D.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Ilda Czobor Barbu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor No. 1–3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (I.G.-B.); (C.O.V.); (I.C.M.); (M.P.); (A.Ș.D.); (I.C.B.)
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), B.P Hasdeu No. 7, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
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Palau M, Muñoz E, Gusta MF, Larrosa N, Gomis X, Gilabert J, Almirante B, Puntes V, Texidó R, Gavaldà J. In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Conjugated with Amikacin and Combined with Hyperthermia against Drug-Resistant and Biofilm-Producing Strains. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0028023. [PMID: 37078875 PMCID: PMC10269648 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00280-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the current increase and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), there is an urgent need to find new strategies to combat it. This study had two aims. First, we synthesized highly monodispersed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of approximately 17 nm, and we functionalized them with mercaptopoly(ethylene glycol) carboxylic acid (mPEG-COOH) and amikacin (AK). Second, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of this treatment (AgNPs_mPEG_AK) alone and in combination with hyperthermia against planktonic and biofilm-growing strains. AgNPs, AgNPs_mPEG, and AgNPs_mPEG_AK were characterized using a suite of spectroscopy and microscopy methods. Susceptibility to these treatments and AK was determined after 24 h and over time against 12 clinical multidrug-resistant (MDR)/extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The efficacy of the treatments alone and in combination with hyperthermia (1, 2, and 3 pulses at 41°C to 42°C for 15 min) was tested against the same planktonic strains using quantitative culture and against one P. aeruginosa strain growing on silicone disks using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The susceptibility studies showed that AgNPs_mPEG_AK was 10-fold more effective than AK alone, and bactericidal efficacy after 4, 8, 24, or 48 h was observed against 100% of the tested strains. The combination of AgNPs_mPEG_AK and hyperthermia eradicated 75% of the planktonic strains and exhibited significant reductions in biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa in comparison with the other treatments tested, except for AgNPs_mPEG_AK without hyperthermia. In conclusion, the combination of AgNPs_mPEG_AK and hyperthermia may be a promising therapy against MDR/XDR and biofilm-producing strains. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest public health challenges, accounting for 1.27 million deaths worldwide in 2019. Biofilms, a complex microbial community, directly contribute to increased AMR. Therefore, new strategies are urgently required to combat infections caused by AMR and biofilm-producing strains. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit antimicrobial activity and can be functionalized with antibiotics. Although AgNPs are very promising, their effectiveness in complex biological environments still falls below the concentrations at which AgNPs are stable in terms of aggregation. Thus, improving the antibacterial effectiveness of AgNPs by functionalizing them with antibiotics may be a significant change to consolidate AgNPs as an alternative to antibiotics. It has been reported that hyperthermia has a large effect on the growth of planktonic and biofilm-producing strains. Therefore, we propose a new strategy based on AgNPs functionalized with amikacin and combined with hyperthermia (41°C to 42°C) to treat AMR and biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Palau
- Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD19/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Muñoz
- Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Muriel F. Gusta
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Larrosa
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD19/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Microbiology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Gomis
- Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Benito Almirante
- Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD19/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Puntes
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Texidó
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Universitat Ramón Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Gavaldà
- Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD19/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Veriato TS, Fontoura I, Oliveira LD, Raniero LJ, Castilho ML. Nano-antibiotic based on silver nanoparticles functionalized to the vancomycin-cysteamine complex for treating Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Pharmacol Rep 2023:10.1007/s43440-023-00491-3. [PMID: 37171518 PMCID: PMC10176295 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial resistance is defined as a microorganism's capacity to develop mechanisms for resisting a determined antimicrobial. Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), are internationally recognized among the isolates with this resistance profile. In this context, the demand for new medicines has risen, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been highlighted, especially for their anti-bacterial effects. To develop a nano-antibiotic for treating these Gram-positive strains, we herein report synthesizing and characterizing a nano-antibiotic based on AgNPs functionalized with the complex vancomycin-cysteamine. METHODS AgNPs were produced using the bottom-up methodology and functionalized with vancomycin modified by the carbodiimide chemistry, forming Ag@vancomycin. Susceptibility tests were performed using S. aureus and E. faecalis strains to assess the bacteriostatic and bactericidal potential of the developed nano-antibiotic. RESULTS Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements showed the efficacy of vancomycin chemical modification, and the characteristic bands of AgNPs functionalization with the antibiotic. The increase in the nano-antibiotic average hydrodynamic diameter observed by dynamic light scattering proved the presence of vancomycin at the surface of AgNPs. The data from the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration assays tested on standard and clinical planktonic strains of S. aureus and E. faecalis presented excellent performance. CONCLUSION The results indicate the promising development of a new nano-antibiotic in which the functionalization potentiates the bacteriostatic action of AgNPs and vancomycin with greater efficacy against Gram-positive strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís S Veriato
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Research & Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12244000, Brazil
| | - Inglid Fontoura
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Research & Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12244000, Brazil
| | - Luciane D Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Leandro J Raniero
- Nanosensors Laboratory, Research & Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12244000, Brazil
| | - Maiara L Castilho
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Research & Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12244000, Brazil.
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