1
|
Rong Z, Xu XW, Wu YH. Biodegradation of low-density polyethylene film by two bacteria isolated from plastic debris in coastal beach. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 278:116445. [PMID: 38733804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) conduces massive environmental accumulation due to its high production and recalcitrance to environment. In this study, We successfully enriched and isolated two strains, Nitratireductor sp. Z-1 and Gordonia sp. Z-2, from coastal plastic debris capable of degrading LDPE film. After a 30-day incubation at 30 ℃, strains Z-1 and Z-2 decreased the weight of branched-LDPE (BLDPE) film by 2.59 % and 10.27 % respectively. Furthermore, high temperature gel permeation chromatography (HT-GPC) analysis revealed molecular weight reductions of 7.69 % (Z-1) and 23.22 % (Z-2) in the BLDPE film. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image showed the presence of microbial colonization and perforations on the film's surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated novel functional groups, such as carbonyl and carbon-carbon double bonds in LDPE films. During LDPE degradation, both strains produced extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). GC-MS analysis revealed the degradation products included short-chain alkanes, alkanols, fatty acids, and esters. Genomic analysis identified numerous extracellular enzymes potentially involved in LDPE chain scission. A model was proposed suggesting a coordinated role between ROS and extracellular enzymes in the biodegradation of LDPE. This indicates strains Z-1 and Z-2 can degrade LDPE, providing a basis for deeper exploration of biodegradation mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Rong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources & Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xue-Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources & Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yue-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources & Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alexander WK, Allen RR, Anderson JD, Brumfield AN, Cook TM, Dana GM, Ethridge GJ, Gailey EC, Netzley RA, Nguyen JV, Souza PJ, Yoder BM, Wallen JR, Gainey MD, Bates TC, Wisner EM. From compost to culver: genome sequence and annotation of a cluster CQ1 Gordonia phage. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0106623. [PMID: 38132830 PMCID: PMC10868165 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01066-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage Culver, with a siphovirus morphology, was isolated using Gordonia terrae CAG3. Culver is assigned to phage cluster CQ1 based on gene content similarity to actinobacteriophages. Notably, Culver is predicted to encode eight tRNAs, lysin A by two adjacent genes, and, unlike other CQ1 phages, two putative integrase genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William K. Alexander
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rianna R. Allen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jaden D. Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amber N. Brumfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tiffany M. Cook
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Giana M. Dana
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregory J. Ethridge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily C. Gailey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebekah A. Netzley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joshua V. Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Phillip J. Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Briggs M. Yoder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jamie R. Wallen
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maria D. Gainey
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tonya C. Bates
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ellen M. Wisner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fernando KAS, Thakuri R, Barry Schroeder AL, Ruiz ON. Chemical Method for Recovery and Regeneration of Graphene Oxide. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:315-324. [PMID: 38079526 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has been developed as a very effective medium for filtration and removal of microbial contaminants in fuel. GO is capable of filtering out microorganisms without needing micrometer and submicrometer pores for filtration. Our previous studies showed that microorganisms are attracted by GO and bind irreversibly to GO without promoting bacterial growth. Therefore, GO was tested as a filter medium to remove microorganisms in fuel. The characterization results showed that GO removed microbes in diesel fuel with >99% efficiency. However, the synthesis of GO using Hummers' method is labor intensive and a time-consuming. We present in this paper an economical, less labor intensive and a simple chemical approach to recover GO after it has been used as a filtration medium for the removal of microorganisms in fuels. In the GO recovery process, microbial and fuel contaminated GO is washed with hexane to remove any fuel from the GO sample. The hexane-washed GO is further washed with acetone and mixed with ethanol to kill and remove any microorganisms. After washing with ethanol, the GO sample is sonicated in water to remove impurities and re-establish the oxygen functionalities. The final recovered-GO (rec-GO) is obtained after removing water by rotary evaporation. The chemical characterization of rec-GO showed that rec-GO is similar in both chemical and physical properties compared to freshly synthesized-GO (as-syn-GO). Rec-GO was shown to perform similarly to as-syn-GO in filtration of biocontaminated fuel. We estimate that our rec-GO is at least 90% cheaper than high quality commercially available GO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Shiral Fernando
- Polymer and Specialty Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 32542, United States
| | - Rajendr Thakuri
- Energy Technology and Materials Division, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, United States
| | - Amanda L Barry Schroeder
- Fuels and Combustion Division, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, United States
| | - Oscar N Ruiz
- Biomaterials Branch, Photonics, Electronic & Soft Materials Division, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 32542, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Grimm D, Guy N, Lengyel G, Franks J, Maltman C. Gordonia metallireducens sp. nov., a tellurite- and selenite-resistant bacterium isolated from the sediment of an acid mine drainage stream. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37990983 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A polyphasic taxonomic study was carried out on strain TSed Te1T, isolated from sediment of a stream contaminated with acid drainage from a coal mine. The bacterium forms pink-pigmented colonies and has a rod-coccus growth cycle, which also includes some coryneform arrangements. This bacterium is capable of growing in the presence of up to 750 μg ml-1 tellurite and 5000 μg ml-1 selenite, reducing each to elemental form. Nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis associated the strain with Gordonia, with 99.5 and 99.3 % similarity to Gordonia namibiensis and Gordonia rubripertincta, respectively. Computation of the average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization comparisons with the closest phylogenetic neighbour of TSed Te1T revealed genetic differences at the species level, which were further substantiated by differences in several physiological characteristics. The dominant fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1, C16 : 1 and tuberculostearic acid. The DNA G+C content was 67.6 mol%. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside, while MK-9(H2) was the only menaquinone found. Mycolic acids of C56-C60 were present. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid along with arabinose and galactose as the major cell-wall sugars. On the basis of the results obtained in this study, the bacterium was assigned to the genus Gordonia and represents a new species with the name Gordonia metallireducens sp. nov. The type strain is TSed Te1T (=NRRL B-65678T=DSM 114093T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Grimm
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University College of Arts and Science, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA
| | - Nathan Guy
- Department of Chemistry, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - George Lengyel
- Department of Chemistry, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan Franks
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Chris Maltman
- Department of Biology, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania 16057, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Doyle V, Giftos G, Kugler S, Melanson A, Needham D, Raber R, Solomon J, Webster A, Neely M, Molloy S. Genome sequence of cluster A15 Gordonia terrae bacteriophage Nebulosus. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0069923. [PMID: 37750701 PMCID: PMC10586128 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00699-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The temperate Gordonia phage Nebulosus was isolated from soil on Gordonia terrae and is a siphovirus. The genome is 52,175 bp in length, has 62% GC content, and encodes 96 protein-coding genes. Nebulosus encodes a partitioning system, ParABS, which is likely involved in lysogeny maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Doyle
- Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- The Honors College, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Gabriella Giftos
- Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- The Honors College, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Strix Kugler
- Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- The Honors College, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Andrew Melanson
- Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- The Honors College, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Dominic Needham
- Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- The Honors College, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Ryleigh Raber
- Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Justin Solomon
- Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- The Honors College, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Apple Webster
- Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Melody Neely
- Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Sally Molloy
- Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- The Honors College, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meng B, Bleau A, Bombaywala RR, DeGraw AS, Deol MS, Dollard KE, Gentile N, Jebaraj J, Kayayan GN, Miranda BC, Momoh AE, Morales E, Nunes AC, Oropallo AM, Otterstedt SC, Pridell AT, Roberts JI, Ruiz GA, Sangasani D, Smith RD, Tarar M, Singh V, Jayachandran P. Complete genome sequences of G ordonia rubripertincta phages OtterstedtS21 and Patos. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0071823. [PMID: 37772859 PMCID: PMC10586170 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00718-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the genomes of two viruses with siphovirus morphology, OtterstedtS21 and Patos, from Albany, New York, using Gordonia rubripertincta. The genomes of OtterstedtS21 and Patos are ~68 kbp long with 58% GC content. Both phages group with cluster DV based on gene content similarity to phages in the Actinobacteriophage database.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Meng
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Bleau
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Riddhi R. Bombaywala
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Audrey S. DeGraw
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Manjot S. Deol
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Kendall E. Dollard
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Nicolas Gentile
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Julianna Jebaraj
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Gregory N. Kayayan
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Briana C. Miranda
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Ayobamidele E. Momoh
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Elias Morales
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Amalia C. Nunes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Antonia M. Oropallo
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Sophia C. Otterstedt
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Anna T. Pridell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jenna I. Roberts
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel A. Ruiz
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Dhatri Sangasani
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Renee D. Smith
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Mahad Tarar
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Vir Singh
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Pradeepa Jayachandran
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ehiosun KI, Godin S, Vargas V, Preud'homme H, Grimaud R, Lobinski R. Biodegradation of saturate fraction of crude oil and production of signature carboxylic acids. Chemosphere 2023; 339:139773. [PMID: 37567266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria degrading large portion of saturated hydrocarbons are important for crude oil bioremediation. This study investigates Novosphingobium sp. S1, Gordonia amicalis S2 and Gordonia terrae S5 capability of degrading wide range of saturated hydrocarbons from Congo Bilondo crude oil and discusses the degradation pathway. A parallel analytical approach combining GC-MS and LC-HRMS enabled characterization of saturated hydrocarbons and comprehensive determination of carboxylic acid metabolites produced during biodegradation, respectively. Results showed that the three strains could efficiently degrade the n-alkanes (C10-C28) as well as methyl-substituted alkanes (C11-C26). The series of mono-, hydroxy- and dicarboxylic acids identified in this study confirmed the active biodegradation of the saturate fraction and suggest their degradation was via the bi-terminal oxidation pathway. This is the first study linking these bacterial species to bi-terminal oxidation of the saturated hydrocarbons. The study highlights the potential application of the bacterial strains in the bioremediation of crude oil contaminated sites. Additionally, while carboxylic acids is indicated as a suitable and valuable metabolic biomarker, its application is considered feasible and cost effective for rapid monitoring and evaluation of hydrocarbon biodegradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Iyere Ehiosun
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France; Department of Biochemistry, Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria.
| | - Simon Godin
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Vicmary Vargas
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Hugues Preud'homme
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Régis Grimaud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu W, Li E, Liu L, Tian F, Luo X, Cai Y, Wang J, Jin X. Antifungal activity of compounds from Gordonia sp. WA8-44 isolated from the gut of Periplaneta americana and molecular docking studies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17777. [PMID: 37539250 PMCID: PMC10395128 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are on the rise, leading to a continuous demand for antifungal antibiotics. Rare actinomycetes have been shown to contain a variety of interesting compounds worth exploring. In this study, 15 strains of rare actinobacterium Gordonia were isolated from the gut of Periplaneta americana and screened for their anti-fungal activity against four human pathogenic fungi. Strain WA8-44 was found to exhibit significant anti-fungal activity and was selected for bioactive compound production, separation, purification, and characterization. Three anti-fungal compounds, Collismycin A, Actinomycin D, and Actinomycin X2, were isolated from the fermentation broth of Gordonia strain WA8-44. Of these, Collismycin A was isolated and purified from the secondary metabolites of Gordonia for the first time, and its anti-filamentous fungi activity was firstly identified in this study. Molecular docking was carried out to determine their hypothetical binding affinities against nine target proteins of Candida albicans. Chitin Synthase 2 was found to be the most preferred antimicrobial protein target for Collismycin A, while 1,3-Beta-Glucanase was the most preferred anti-fungal protein target for Actinomycin D and Actinomycin X2. ADMET prediction revealed that Collismycin A has favorable oral bioavailability and little toxicity, making it a potential candidate for development as an orally active medication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ertong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lingyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an 710300, PR China
| | - Fangyuan Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiongming Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yanqu Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lo CKF, Broderick C, Stefanovic A, Connors W, Murray M. Gordonia sputi-associated bloodstream infection in a renal transplant patient with chronic indwelling central venous catheter: a case report and literature review. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:acmi000560.v3. [PMID: 37424562 PMCID: PMC10323808 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000560.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although rare, human infections caused by Gordonia spp. have been reported, especially within the immunocompromised population and those with long-term indwelling devices. We report a case of Gordonia spp. bacteraemia in a renal transplant patient and present a literature review on microbiological identification methods of this organism. Case Presentation A 62-year-old female renal transplant recipient admitted to hospital with a 2-month history of dry cough and fevers occurring weekly when receiving electrolyte replacement infusions via a Groshong line. Over 2 weeks, blood cultures repeatedly isolated a Gram-positive bacillus solely in aerobic bottles, and this was initially reported as Rhodococcus spp. by the local microbiology laboratory. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed multiple ground-glass lung opacities suggestive of septic pulmonary emboli. As central line-associated bloodstream infection was suspected, empirical antibiotics were initiated and the Groshong line was removed. The Gram-positive bacillus was later confirmed by the reference laboratory as Gordonia sputi via 16S rRNA sequencing. Vancomycin and ciprofloxacin for a duration of 6 weeks were completed as targeted antimicrobial therapy. After treatment, the patient remained symptom-free with marked improvement on repeat CT chest imaging. Conclusion This case illustrates the challenges surrounding identification of Gordonia spp. and other aerobic actinomycetes. 16S rRNA gene sequencing may be a preferred identification method, especially when initial workup of a weakly acid-fast organism fails to make an identification or shows discrepant results using traditional diagnostic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Ka-Fung Lo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Conor Broderick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Providence Health Care, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William Connors
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Melanie Murray
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Oak Tree Clinic, BC Women’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dhar R, Basu S, Bhattacharyya M, Dutta TK. Evaluation of distinct molecular architectures and coordinated regulation of the catabolic pathways of oestrogenic dioctyl phthalate isomers in Gordonia sp. Microbiology (Reading) 2023; 169:001353. [PMID: 37384374 PMCID: PMC10333787 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial strain GONU, belonging to the genus Gordonia, was isolated from a municipal waste-contaminated soil sample and was capable of utilizing an array of endocrine-disrupting phthalate diesters, including di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) and its isomer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), as the sole carbon and energy sources. The biochemical pathways of the degradation of DnOP and DEHP were evaluated in strain GONU by using a combination of various chromatographic, spectrometric and enzymatic analyses. Further, the upregulation of three different esterases (estG2, estG3 and estG5), a phthalic acid (PA)-metabolizing pht operon and a protocatechuic acid (PCA)-metabolizing pca operon were revealed based on de novo whole genome sequence information and substrate-induced protein profiling by LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis followed by differential gene expression by real-time PCR. Subsequently, functional characterization of the differentially upregulated esterases on the inducible hydrolytic metabolism of DnOP and DEHP revealed that EstG5 is involved in the hydrolysis of DnOP to PA, whereas EstG2 and EstG3 are involved in the metabolism of DEHP to PA. Finally, gene knockout experiments further validated the role of EstG2 and EstG5, and the present study deciphered the inducible regulation of the specific genes and operons in the assimilation of DOP isomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rinita Dhar
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, EN-80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata – 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, EN-80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata – 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Mousumi Bhattacharyya
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, EN-80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata – 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapan K. Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, EN-80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata – 700091, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barthel A, Ursenbach A, Kaeuffer C, Koebel C, Gravet A, De Briel D, Dubois J, Haerrel E, Rougier E, Gerber V. Characteristics and Treatment of Gordonia spp. Bacteremia, France. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1025-1028. [PMID: 37081585 PMCID: PMC10124657 DOI: 10.3201/eid2905.221901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic Gordonia spp. infections are rare and occur mostly among immunocompromised patients. We analyzed 10 cases of Gordonia bacteremia diagnosed in 3 tertiary care centers in France to assess risk factors, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Most patients were cured within 10 days by using β-lactam antimicrobial therapy and removing central catheters.
Collapse
|
12
|
Pansomsuay R, Duangupama T, Pittayakhajonwut P, Intaraudom C, Suriyachadkun C, He YW, Tanasupawat S, Thawai C. Gordonia aquimaris sp. nov., a novel marine actinobacterium isolated from seawater in the upper gulf of Thailand. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 36961870 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An actinobacterium strain, SW21T, was isolated from seawater collected in the upper Gulf of Thailand. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and rod-shaped. Growth was observed from 15 to 37 °C and at pH 6-8. Maximum NaCl for growth was 14 % (w/v). meso-Diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, galactose, glucose, rhamnose and ribose were detected in the whole-cell hydrolysate. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside were detected as the phospholipids in the cells. The major menaquinones were MK-9(H2) and MK-7(H2). The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1 ω9c, C18 : 0 and C18 : 010-methyl (TBSA). The 16S rRNA gene sequence data supported the assignment of strain SW21T to the genus Gordonia and showed that Gordonia mangrovi KCTC 49383T (98.7 %) was the closest relative. Moreover, the average nucleotide identity-blast (85.5 %) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (30.7 %) values between strain SW21T and its closest neighbour were below the threshold values for delineation of a novel species. The combination of genotypic and phenotypic data indicated that strain SW21T is representative of novel species of the genus Gordonia. The name Gordonia aquimaris sp. nov. is proposed for strain SW21T. The type strain is SW21T (=TBRC 15691T=NBRC 115558T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawirat Pansomsuay
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Thitikorn Duangupama
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Pattama Pittayakhajonwut
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chakapong Intaraudom
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chanwit Suriyachadkun
- Thailand Bioresource Research Center (TBRC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Ya-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Somboon Tanasupawat
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chitti Thawai
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
- Actinobacterial Research Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu R, Zhao S, Zhang B, Li G, Fu X, Yan P, Shao Z. Biodegradation of polystyrene (PS) by marine bacteria in mangrove ecosystem. J Hazard Mater 2023; 442:130056. [PMID: 36183512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastics pollution poses a new threat to marine ecosystems. Mangrove locating at estuary worldwide is probably the most heavily polluted area trapping various plastics transported from terrestrial and nearby marine aquaculture. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is one of most common plastic debris therein and even in the plastic garbage. Here we showed the bacterial diversity of the polystyrene-degrading microbial community from EPS waste sites from a subtropical mangrove area. After enrichment with EPS, the degradation consortia were obtained. They shared a similar community structure dominated by bacteria of Sphingomonadaceae, Rhodanobacteraceae, Rhizobiaceae, Dermacoccaceae, Rhodocyclaceae, Hyphomicrobiaceae, and Methyloligellaceae. Diverse bacteria standing for the first member of the genera of Novosphingobium, Gordonia, Stappia, Mesobacillus, Alcanivorax, Flexivirga, Cytobacillus, Thioclava, and Thalassospira showed PS degradation capability as a pure culture. Further, PS biodegradation of Gordonia sp. and Novosphingobium sp. was quantified by weight loss, in addition to obvious morphological and structural changes of the PS films observed by SEM, ATR-FTIR, and contact angle analysis. The formation of new oxygen-containing functional groups implied the degradation pathway of oxidation. Although the degradation rates ranged from 2.7% to 7.7% after one month in lab and possibly lower in situ, their role in EPS removal is unneglectable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renju Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Sufang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, PR China; School of Fisheries and life, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Benjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, PR China; School of Fisheries and life, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Xiaoteng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Peisheng Yan
- School of Environmental Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Zongze Shao
- School of Environmental Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, PR China; School of Fisheries and life, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chamizo-Ampudia A, Getino L, Luengo JM, Olivera ER. Isolation of Environmental Bacteria Able to Degrade Sterols and/or Bile Acids: Determination of Cholesterol Oxidase and Several Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activities in Rhodococcus, Gordonia, and Pseudomonas putida. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2704:25-42. [PMID: 37642836 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3385-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Interest about the isolation and characterization of steroid-catabolizing bacteria has increased over time due to the massive release of these recalcitrant compounds and their deleterious effects or their biotransformation derivatives as endocrine disruptors for wildlife, as well as their potential use in biotechnological approaches for the synthesis of pharmacological compounds. Thus, in this chapter, an isolation protocol to select environmental bacteria able to degrade sterols, bile acids, and androgens is shown. Moreover, procedures for the determination of cholesterol oxidase or different hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities in Pseudomonas putida DOC21, Rhodococcus sp. HE24.12, Gordonia sp. HE24.4J and Gordonia sp. HE24.3 are also detailed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Chamizo-Ampudia
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
| | - Luis Getino
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - José M Luengo
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Elias R Olivera
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alnajjar M, Mudawi D, Cherif H, Hashim SM, Zaqout A, Bougaila A, Jibril FI, Mohamed SF. Central catheter-related Gordonia bronchialis bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient: A case report, and literature review. IDCases 2023; 32:e01738. [PMID: 36938335 PMCID: PMC10014288 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gordonia is a rarely reported organism causing central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). This article reports an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) case in which the patient developed febrile neutropenia and was later found to have Gordonia bronchialis (G. bronchialis) CLABSI. The patient received a two-week ceftriaxone regimen, based on susceptibility. The microbiologic diagnosis of this organism is considered challenging due to its resemblance with other organisms; however, more sophisticated methods of diagnosis (such as gene sequencing) can aid in differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alnajjar
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Correspondence to: Division of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, 950 Al-Qawafel Street, Alsadd Area, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Deena Mudawi
- Division of Hematology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), Doha, Qatar
| | - Honar Cherif
- Division of Hematology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), Doha, Qatar
| | - Samar Mahmoud Hashim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Zaqout
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amina Bougaila
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Shehab Fareed Mohamed
- Division of Hematology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Frantsuzova E, Delegan Y, Bogun A, Sokolova D, Nazina T. Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Hydrocarbon-Oxidizing Dibenzothiophene-Desulfurizing Gordonia Strains. Microorganisms 2022; 11. [PMID: 36677296 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of actinobacteria of the genus Gordonia are able to use dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its derivatives as the only source of sulfur, which makes them promising agents for the process of oil biodesulfurization. Actinobacteria assimilate sulfur from condensed thiophenes without breaking the carbon-carbon bonds, using the 4S pathway encoded by the dszABC operon-like structure. The genome of the new dibenzothiophene-degrading hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacterial strain Gordonia amicalis 6-1 was completely sequenced and the genes potentially involved in the pathways of DBT desulfurization, oxidation of alkanes and aromatic compounds, as well as in the osmoprotectant metabolism in strain 6-1 and other members of the genus Gordonia, were analyzed. The genome of G. amicalis strain 6-1 consists of a 5,105,798-bp circular chromosome (67.3% GC content) and an 86,621-bp circular plasmid, pCP86 (65.4% GC content). This paper presents a comparative bioinformatic analysis of complete genomes of strain 6-1 and dibenzothiophene-degrading Gordonia strains 1D and 135 that do not have the dsz operon. The assumption is made about the participation in this process of the region containing the sfnB gene. Genomic analysis supported the results of phenomenological studies of Gordonia strains and the possibility of their application in the bioremediation of oil-contaminated environments and in the purification of oil equipment from oil and asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits.
Collapse
|
17
|
Frantsuzova E, Bogun A, Vetrova A, Delegan Y. Methods of Identifying Gordonia Strains in Clinical Samples. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121496. [PMID: 36558832 PMCID: PMC9786905 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gordonia spp. are members of the family Gordoniacea in the suborder Corynebacteriales; their habitat, in most cases, is soil. Many representatives of this genus are human or veterinary pathogens. The main cause of the lack of a standardized approach to dealing with infections caused by Gordonia is their erroneous identification and little information regarding their susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs. This review presents the most common methods for identifying Gordonia strains, including modern approaches for identifying a species. The main prospects and future directions of this field of knowledge are briefly presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Frantsuzova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Sciences” (FRC PSCBR RAS), 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexander Bogun
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Sciences” (FRC PSCBR RAS), 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anna Vetrova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Sciences” (FRC PSCBR RAS), 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Yanina Delegan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Sciences” (FRC PSCBR RAS), 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Salar-Vidal L, Martín-García M, Macías-Valcayo A, Ponz A, Esteban J. Epidemiology and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of aerobic Actinomycetales in a clinical setting. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2022; 40:562-567. [PMID: 36464473 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of infections caused by aerobic actinomycetes is increasing. Recent changes in taxonomy and the variability in susceptibility patterns among species make necessary a proper identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-three strains of aerobic actinomycetes were identified by MALDI-TOF MS using the VITEK MS Mycobacterium/Nocardia kit (bioMérieux, France) in a tertiary hospital in Spain during a six-year period. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed using the Sensititre Rapmycoi microdilution panel (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Massachusetts, USA). RESULTS Forty strains of Nocardia spp. were identified in the study, being N. farcinica and N. cyriacigeorgica the most prevalent ones. All isolates were susceptible to linezolid and the resistance to amikacin was only observed in one isolate of Gordonia sputi. Resistance to cotrimoxazole was only found in five isolates. CONCLUSIONS Routine identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of aerobic actinomycetes is advisable for an efficient identification of species and effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Llanos Salar-Vidal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martín-García
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Ponz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Esteban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mormeneo Bayo S, Palacián Ruíz MP, Asin Samper U, Millán Lou MI, Pascual Catalán A, Villuendas Usón MC. Pacemaker-induced endocarditis by Gordonia bronchialis. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2022; 40:255-257. [PMID: 35577444 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gordonia species are known to be opportunistic human pathogens causing secondary infections. We present the second case in the world of endocarditis caused by Gordonia bronchialis and a review of all the cases of endocarditis caused by Gordonia spp. METHODS The identification was performed by matrix-assisted desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed to confirm the identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by MIC test Strip on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. RESULTS Pacemaker-induced endocarditis due to Gordonia bronchialis infection was determined in an 88-year old woman. The patient was treated with ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin until completing 6 weeks from the pacemaker explant with a good evolution. CONCLUSION The case presented supports the pathogenic role of Gordonia bronchialis as an opportunistic pathogen and highlights the high risk of suffering infections caused by environmental bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saray Mormeneo Bayo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet Zaragoza, Spain.
| | | | - Uxua Asin Samper
- Servicio de Medicina Interna y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ascensión Pascual Catalán
- Servicio de Medicina Interna y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet Zaragoza, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sarkar B, Mandal S. Gordonia sp. BSTG01 isolated from Hevea brasiliensis plantation efficiently degrades polyisoprene (rubber). 3 Biotech 2021; 11:508. [PMID: 34881168 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyisoprene is the principal constituent of rubber latex which has been estimated globally as one of the major solid wastes. Bacterial bioremediation of this solid waste remains a major point of interest for scientists. This study reports a Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming actinomycete Gordonia sp. BSTG01, isolated from the bark of Hevea brasiliensis of a rubber plantation garden can considerably degrade natural rubber (NR) and synthetic polyisoprene rubber (SR). Scanning electron microscopy showed adhesive colonization of strain BSTG01 on both natural and synthetic rubber surface, conflating into the rubber and forming a biofilm. Rubber-dependent growth of the strain was examined by the decrease of rubber mass and increase of its total protein content in a time-dependent manner. Degradation was also verified by Schiff's reagent which confirms the appearance of aldehydes in the culture media. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy including the attenuated total reflectance with the NR and SR pieces overgrown by the isolate revealed variations of the overall chemicals arising on the polyisoprene backbone due to the degradation of rubber by the strain BSTG01. Isolate BSTG01 (MTCC 13159) is a strain of Gordonia and this is the first strain isolated from unexplored rubber plantation area with considerable rubber degradation properties. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03063-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biraj Sarkar
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019 India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019 India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sánchez-Suárez J, Villamil L, Coy-Barrera E, Díaz L. Cliona varians-Derived Actinomycetes as Bioresources of Photoprotection-Related Bioactive End-Products. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:674. [PMID: 34940673 PMCID: PMC8707384 DOI: 10.3390/md19120674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunscreen and sunblock are crucial skincare products to prevent photoaging and photocarcinogenesis through the addition of chemical filters to absorb or block ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, several sunscreen and sunblock ingredients, mostly UV filters, have been associated with human and environmental safety concerns. Therefore, the exploration and discovery of promising novel sources of efficient and safer compounds with photoprotection-related activities are currently required. Marine invertebrates, particularly their associated microbiota, are promising providers of specialized metabolites with valuable biotechnological applications. Nevertheless, despite Actinobacteria members being a well-known source of bioactive metabolites, their photoprotective potential has been poorly explored so far. Hence, a set of methanolic extracts obtained from Cliona varians-derived actinomycetes was screened regarding their antioxidant and UV-absorbing capacities (i.e., photoprotection-related activities). The active extract-producing strains were identified and classified within genera Streptomyces, Micrococcus, Gordonia, and Promicromonospora. This is the first report of the isolation of these microorganisms from C. varians (an ecologically important Caribbean coral reef-boring sponge). The in vitro cytotoxicity on dermal fibroblasts of oxybenzone and the selected active extracts revealed that oxybenzone exerted a cytotoxic effect, whereas no cytotoxic effect of test extracts was observed. Accordingly, the most active (SPFi > 5, radical scavenging > 50%) and nontoxic (cell viability > 75%) extracts were obtained from Streptomyces strains. Finally, LC-MS-based characterization suggested a broad chemical space within the test strains and agreed with the reported streptomycetes' chemodiversity. The respective metabolite profiling exposed a strain-specific metabolite occurrence, leading to the recognition of potential hits. These findings suggest that marine Streptomyces produce photoprotectants ought to be further explored in skincare applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeysson Sánchez-Suárez
- Doctorate in Biosciences, School of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250001, Colombia;
- Bioprospecting Research Group, School of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250001, Colombia;
| | - Luisa Villamil
- Bioprospecting Research Group, School of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250001, Colombia;
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia;
| | - Luis Díaz
- Doctorate in Biosciences, School of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250001, Colombia;
- Bioprospecting Research Group, School of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250001, Colombia;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Duval E, Cravo-Laureau C, Poinel L, Duran R. Development of molecular driven screening for desulfurizing microorganisms targeting the dszB desulfinase gene. Res Microbiol 2021; 172:103872. [PMID: 34375709 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
COnsensus DEgenerate Hybrid Oligonucleotide Primers (CODEHOP) were developed for the detection of the dszB desulfinase gene (2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate desulfinase; EC 3.13.1.3) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which allow to reveal larger diversity than traditional primers. The new developed primers were used as molecular monitoring tool to drive a procedure for the isolation of desulfurizing microorganisms. The primers revealed a large dszB gene diversity in environmental samples, particularly in diesel-contaminated soil that served as inoculum for enrichment cultures. The isolation procedure using the dibenzothiophene sulfone (DBTO2) as sole sulfur source reduced drastically the dszB gene diversity. A dszB gene closely related to that carried by Gordonia species was selected. The desulfurization activity was confirmed by the production of desulfurized 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP). Metagenomic 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the Gordonia genus was represented at low abundance in the initial bacterial community. Such observation highlighted that the culture medium and conditions represent the bottleneck for isolating novel desulfurizing microorganisms. The new developed primers constitute useful tool for the development of appropriate cultural-dependent procedures, including medium and culture conditions, to access novel desulfurizing microorganisms useful for the petroleum industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Duval
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, IPREM UMR, CNRS 5254, Bat. IBEAS, Pau, France; Segula Technologies, 71 rue Henri Gautier, 44550, Montoir de Bretagne, France.
| | - Cristiana Cravo-Laureau
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, IPREM UMR, CNRS 5254, Bat. IBEAS, Pau, France.
| | - Line Poinel
- Segula Technologies, 71 rue Henri Gautier, 44550, Montoir de Bretagne, France.
| | - Robert Duran
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, IPREM UMR, CNRS 5254, Bat. IBEAS, Pau, France.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ma Y, Xu M, Liu H, Yu T, Guo P, Liu W, Jin X. Antimicrobial compounds were isolated from the secondary metabolites of Gordonia, a resident of intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana. AMB Express 2021; 11:111. [PMID: 34331149 PMCID: PMC8324697 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gordonia sp. are members of the actinomycete family, their contribution to the environment improvement and environmental protection by their biological degradation ability, but there are few studies on the antimicrobial activity of their secondary metabolites. Our team isolated and purified an actinomycete WA 4-31 from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana, firstly identified the strain WA 4-31 by the morphological characteristics and the phylogenetic analyses, and found it was completely homologous to the strain of Gordonia terrae from the Indian desert. Meanwhile, actinomycin D (1), actinomycin X2 (2), mojavensin A (3) and cyclic (leucine-leucne) dipeptide (4) were obtained from the EtOAc extract from the broth of WA 4-31. Compounds 1–4 showed anti-fungus activities against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus and Trichophyton rubrum, also anti-MRSA and inhibited Escherichia coli in different degree. Interestingly, we found when 3 was mixed with 4 with ratio of 1:1, the activity of the mixture on anti-Candida albicans was better than the single. Besides, compounds 1–3 had varying degrees of antiproliferative activities on CNE-2 and HepG-2 cell lines. These indicated that Gordonia rare actinomycete from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana possessed a potential as a source of active secondary metabolites.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang G, Huang Y, Yang J, Lai XH, Jin D, Lu S, Cheng Y, Yang C, Pu J, Liang J, Huang Y, Xu J. Gordonia jinghuaiqii sp. nov. and Gordonia zhaorongruii sp. nov., isolated from Tibetan Plateau wildlife. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34280084 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Four mesophilic and Gram-stain-positive strains (zg-686T/zg-691 and HY186T/HY189) isolated from Tibetan Plateau wildlife (PR China) belong to the genus Gordonia according to 16S rRNA gene and genomic sequence-based phylogenetic/genomic results. They have a DNA G+C content range of 67.4-68.3 mol% and low DNA relatedness (19.2-27.6 %) with all available genomes in the genus Gordonia. Strains zg-686T/zg-691 and HY186T/HY189 had C18 : 1ω9c, C18 : 0 10-methyl, C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c and C16 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipids detected in strains zg-686T and HY186T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl inositol mannoside and phosphatidylinositol. The respiratory quinones comprised MK8(H2) (10.8 %) and MK9(H2) (89.2 %) for strain zg-686T, and MK6 (7.7 %), MK8(H2) (8.4 %), MK8(H4) (3.1 %) and MK9(H2) (80.8 %) for strain HY186T. Optimal growth conditions were pH 7.0, 35-37 °C and 0.5-1.5 % NaCl (w/v) for strains pair zg-686T/zg-691, and pH 7.0, 28 °C and 1.5 % (w/v) NaCl for strains pair HY186T/HY189. Based on these genotypic and phenotypic results, these four strains could be classified as two different novel species in the genus Gordonia, for which the names Gordonia jinghuaiqii sp. nov. and Gordonia zhaorongruii sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are zg-686T (=GDMCC 1.1715T =JCM 33890T) and HY186T (=CGMCC 4.7607T =JCM 33466T), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yuyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xin-He Lai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, PR China
| | - Dong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yanpeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Caixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Ji Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Junrong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Salar-Vidal L, Martín-García M, Macías-Valcayo A, Ponz A, Esteban J. Epidemiology and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of aerobic Actinomycetales in a clinical setting. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2021; 40:S0213-005X(21)00075-6. [PMID: 33812738 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of infections caused by aerobic actinomycetes is increasing. Recent changes in taxonomy and the variability in susceptibility patterns among species make necessary a proper identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-three strains of aerobic actinomycetes were identified by MALDI-TOF MS using the VITEK MS Mycobacterium/Nocardia kit (bioMérieux, France) in a tertiary hospital in Spain during a six-year period. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed using the Sensititre Rapmycoi microdilution panel (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Massachusetts, USA). RESULTS Forty strains of Nocardia spp. were identified in the study, being N. farcinica and N. cyriacigeorgica the most prevalent ones. All isolates were susceptible to linezolid and the resistance to amikacin was only observed in one isolate of Gordonia sputi. Resistance to cotrimoxazole was only found in five isolates. CONCLUSIONS Routine identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of aerobic actinomycetes is advisable for an efficient identification of species and effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Llanos Salar-Vidal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martín-García
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Ponz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Esteban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Delegan Y, Kocharovskaya Y, Frantsuzova E, Streletskii R, Vetrova A. Characterization and genomic analysis of Gordonia alkanivorans 135, a promising dibenzothiophene-degrading strain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 29:e00591. [PMID: 33532248 PMCID: PMC7823215 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Strain 135 is first dibenzothiophene-degrading Gordonia with genome fully assembled. This is the first strain of Gordonia absorbing thiophene sulfur without dsz genes. The strain utilized 45.26 % of dibenzothiophene within 150 h of growth at 26 °C.
Sulfur is the third most abundant element in crude oil. Up to 70 % of sulfur in petroleum is found in the form of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and substituted DBTs. The aim of this work was to study the physiological, biochemical and genetical characteristics of Gordonia alkanivorans 135 capable of using DBT as the sole source of sulfur. The genome of G. alkanivorans 135 consists of a 5,039,827 bp chromosome and a 164,963 bp circular plasmid. We found the absence of dsz operon present in most DBT degrading bacteria, but discovered other genes that are presumably involved in DBT utilization by G. alkanivorans 135. The strain utilized 45.26 % of DBT within 150 h of growth at 26 °C. This is the first strain of Gordonia capable of absorbing thiophene sulfur without the aid of the dsz genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Delegan
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia Kocharovskaya
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russian Federation.,The Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education Pushchino State Institute of Natural Science, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Frantsuzova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russian Federation.,The Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education Pushchino State Institute of Natural Science, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Rostislav Streletskii
- Faculty of Soil Science, Laboratory of Ecological Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Vetrova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mormeneo Bayo S, Palacián Ruíz MP, Asin Samper U, Millán Lou MI, Pascual Catalán A, Villuendas Usón MC. Pacemaker-induced endocarditis by Gordonia bronchialis. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2021; 40:S0213-005X(20)30412-2. [PMID: 33446400 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gordonia species are known to be opportunistic human pathogens causing secondary infections. We present the second case in the world of endocarditis caused by Gordonia bronchialis and a review of all the cases of endocarditis caused by Gordonia spp. METHODS The identification was performed by matrix-assisted desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed to confirm the identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by MIC test Strip on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. RESULTS Pacemaker-induced endocarditis due to Gordonia bronchialis infection was determined in an 88-year old woman. The patient was treated with ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin until completing 6 weeks from the pacemaker explant with a good evolution. CONCLUSION The case presented supports the pathogenic role of Gordonia bronchialis as an opportunistic pathogen and highlights the high risk of suffering infections caused by environmental bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saray Mormeneo Bayo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet Zaragoza, Spain.
| | | | - Uxua Asin Samper
- Servicio de Medicina Interna y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ascensión Pascual Catalán
- Servicio de Medicina Interna y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet Zaragoza, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
de Witt J, Oetermann S, Parise M, Parise D, Baumbach J, Steinbüchel A. Global Regulator of Rubber Degradation in Gordonia polyisoprenivorans VH2: Identification and Involvement in the Regulation Network. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e00774-20. [PMID: 32444473 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00774-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A cAMP receptor protein (CRPVH2) was detected as a global regulator in Gordonia polyisoprenivorans VH2 and was proposed to participate in the network regulating poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) degradation as a novel key regulator. CRPVH2 shares a sequence identity of 79% with GlxR, a well-studied global regulator of Corynebacterium glutamicum Furthermore, CRPVH2 and GlxR have a common oligomerization state and similar binding motifs, and thus most likely have similar functions as global regulators. Size exclusion chromatography of purified CRPVH2 confirmed the existence as a homodimer with a native molecular weight of 44.1 kDa in the presence of cAMP. CRPVH2 bound to the TGTGAN6TCACT motif within the 131-bp intergenic region of divergently oriented lcp1 VH2 and lcpR VH2, encoding a latex clearing protein and its putative repressor, respectively. DNase I footprinting assays revealed the exact operator size of CRPVH2 in the intergenic region (25 bp), which partly overlapped with the proposed promoters of lcpR VH2 and lcp1 VH2 Our findings indicate that CRPVH2 represses the expression of lcpR VH2 while simultaneously directly or indirectly activating the expression of lcp1 VH2 by binding the competing promoter regions. Furthermore, binding of CRPVH2 to upstream regions of additional putative enzymes of poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) degradation was verified in vitro. In silico analyses predicted 206 CRPVH2 binding sites comprising 244 genes associated with several functional categories, including carbon and peptide metabolism, stress response, etc. The gene expression regulation of several subordinated regulators substantiated the function of CRPVH2 as a global regulator. Moreover, we anticipate that the novel lcpR regulation mechanism by CRPs is widespread in other rubber-degrading actinomycetes.IMPORTANCE In order to develop efficient microbial recycling strategies for rubber waste materials, it is required that we understand the degradation pathway of the polymer and how it is regulated. However, only little is known about the transcriptional regulation of the rubber degradation pathway, which seems to be upregulated in the presence of the polymer. We identified a novel key regulator of rubber degradation (CRPVH2) that regulates several parts of the pathway in the potent rubber-degrader G. polyisoprenivorans VH2. Furthermore, we provide evidence for a widespread involvement of CRP regulators in the degradation of rubber in various other rubber-degrading actinomycetes. Thus, these novel insights into the regulation of rubber degradation are essential for developing efficient microbial degradation strategies for rubber waste materials by this group of actinomycetes.
Collapse
|
29
|
Tamura T, Saito S, Hamada M, Kang Y, Hoshino Y, Gonoi T, Mikami Y, Yaguchi T. Gordonia crocea sp. nov. and Gordonia spumicola sp. nov. isolated from sludge of a wastewater treatment plant. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:3718-3723. [PMID: 32427091 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel actinobacteria, designated NBRC 107696T and NBRC 107697T, were isolated from sludge samples from a wastewater treatment plant and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. The cells of the strains were aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile and non-endospore-forming. The strains contained glutamic acid, alanine and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. Galactose and arabinose were detected as cell-wall sugars. The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-9(H2) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 1ω7c. The DNA G+C contents of NBRC 107696T and NBRC 107697T were 68.07 and 68.99 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that NBRC 107696T and NBRC 107697T were a clade with members of the genus Gordonia. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values were obtained with Gordonia araii IFM 10211T (98.9 %) for NBRC 107697T, and Gordonia malaquae IMMIB WWCC-22T, Gordonia neofelifaecis AD-6T and Gordonia humi CC-12301T (98.1 %) for NBRC 107696T, respectively. The digital DNA-DNA relatedness data coupled with the combination of genotypic and phenotypic data indicated that the two strains are representatives of two novel separate species. The names proposed to accommodate these two strains are Gordonia spumicola sp. nov. and Gordonia crocea sp. nov., and the type strains are NBRC 107696T (=IFM 10067T=TBRC 11239T) and NBRC 107697T (=IFM 10881T=TBRC 11240T), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Tamura
- NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Satomi Saito
- NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Moriyuki Hamada
- NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | | | - Yasutaka Hoshino
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tohru Gonoi
- Medical Mycology Research Center (MMRC), Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Mikami
- Medical Mycology Research Center (MMRC), Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Takashi Yaguchi
- Medical Mycology Research Center (MMRC), Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Eribi A, Al-Amri K, Al-Jabri A, Osman A, Mohamed Elfadil O. Gordonia sputi related multiple brain abscesses, an AIDS-presenting illness: Thinking outside the box. IDCases 2020; 21:e00906. [PMID: 32685375 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV/AIDS has been recognized as a global health issue with significant burden on healthcare services worldwide. Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges include wide range of difficult to identify and treat infections. Gordonia sputi is known to cause multi-system infections in setting of HIV/AIDS. It is often difficult to isolate this organism requiring high suspicion index and special testing techniques. While there is no guidelines-recommended antibacterials regimen for Gordonia sputi infection, extended combined broad spectrum antibacterials have been successfully used. Our patient in this report is a 50-year-old male with no past history who presented with progressive weakness on the right side of the body and urinary incontinence over the duration of one month. MRI scan of the brain showed bilateral ring-enhancing lesions. Gordonia sputi was identified from a tissue biopsy using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing technique. HIV test for antibodies came to be reactive and a CD4 cell count of 7/μL. The patient was treated with combination of antibacterials and had remarkable radiological interval changes and relatively slower yet apparent clinical improvement. Unfortunately, and despite initial recovery, patient has later developed multi-drug resistant hospital acquired pneumonia leading to his death in ICU during course of hospitalization. Treatment of Gordonia sputi in setting of HIV infection with a combination of antibacterials over extended period appears to be safe and effective. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Gordonia sputi related multiple brain abscesses as AIDS-presenting illness.
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
A total of 11 bacterial strains capable of completely degrading 2-butoxyethanol (2-BE) were isolated from forest soil, a biotrickling filter, a bioscrubber, and activated sludge, and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Eight of these strains belong to the genus Pseudomonas; the remaining three strains are Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava BOE3, Gordonia terrae BOE5, and Cupriavidus oxalaticus BOE300. In addition to 2-BE, all isolated strains were able to grow on 2-ethoxyethanol and 2-propoxyethanol, ethanol, n-hexanol, ethyl acetate, 2-butoxyacetic acid (2-BAA), glyoxylic acid, and n-butanol. Apart from the only gram-positive strain isolated, BOE5, none of the strains were able to grow on the nonpolar ethers diethyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, and dibenzyl ether, as well as on 1-butoxy-2-propanol. Strains H. pseudoflava BOE3 and two of the isolated pseudomonads, Pseudomonas putida BOE100 and P. vancouverensis BOE200, were studied in more detail. The maximum growth rates of strains BOE3, BOE100, and BOE200 at 30 °C were 0.204 h-1 at 4 mM, 0.645 h-1 at 5 mM, and 0.395 h-1 at 6 mM 2-BE, respectively. 2-BAA, n-butanol, and butanoic acid were detected as potential metabolites during the degradation of 2-BE. These findings indicate that the degradation of 2-BE by the isolated gram-negative strains proceeds via oxidation to 2-BAA with subsequent cleavage of the ether bond yielding glyoxylate and n-butanol. Since Gordonia terrae BOE5 was the only strain able to degrade nonpolar ethers like diethyl ether, the degradation pathway of 2-BE may be different for this strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Woiski
- Department of Biological Waste Air Purification, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtaele 2, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Daniel Dobslaw
- Department of Biological Waste Air Purification, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtaele 2, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinrich Engesser
- Department of Biological Waste Air Purification, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtaele 2, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shamikh YI, El Shamy AA, Gaber Y, Abdelmohsen UR, Madkour HA, Horn H, Hassan HM, Elmaidomy AH, Alkhalifah DHM, Hozzein WN. Actinomycetes from the Red Sea Sponge Coscinoderma mathewsi: Isolation, Diversity, and Potential for Bioactive Compounds Discovery. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E783. [PMID: 32456212 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of actinomycetes associated with the marine sponge Coscinoderma mathewsi collected from Hurghada (Egypt) was studied. Twenty-three actinomycetes were separated and identified based on the 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Out of them, three isolates were classified as novel species of the genera Micromonospora, Nocardia, and Gordonia. Genome sequencing of actinomycete strains has revealed many silent biosynthetic gene clusters and has shown their exceptional capacity for the production of secondary metabolites, not observed under classical cultivation conditions. Therefore, the effect of mycolic-acid-containing bacteria or mycolic acid on the biosynthesis of cryptic natural products was investigated. Sponge-derived actinomycete Micromonospora sp. UA17 was co-cultured using liquid fermentation with two mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes (Gordonia sp. UA19 and Nocardia sp. UA 23), or supplemented with pure mycolic acid. LC-HRESIMS data were analyzed to compare natural production across all crude extracts. Micromonospora sp. UA17 was rich with isotetracenone, indolocarbazole, and anthracycline analogs. Some co-culture extracts showed metabolites such as a chlorocardicin, neocopiamycin A, and chicamycin B that were not found in the respective monocultures, suggesting a mycolic acid effect on the induction of cryptic natural product biosynthetic pathways. The antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic activities for the different cultures extracts were also tested.
Collapse
|
33
|
Gueneau R, Blanchet D, Rodriguez-Nava V, Bergeron E, Soulier M, Bestandji N, Demar M, Couppie P, Blaizot R. Actinomycetoma caused by Gordonia westfalica: first reported case of human infection. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 34:100658. [PMID: 32194964 PMCID: PMC7078390 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Gordonia are rarely involved in human infections. We report here the case of a 30-year-old man from Guinea Buissau with mycetoma of the foot. 16S DNA sequencing after surgical biopsy identified Gordonia westfalica. To our knowledge, this is the first report of human infection caused by G. westfalica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Gueneau
- Dermatology Department, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - D Blanchet
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - V Rodriguez-Nava
- UMR CNRS 5557, Center for Microbial Ecology, Observatoire Français des Nocardioses, Laboratoire de Mycologie Fondamentale et Appliquée aux Biotechnologies Industrielles, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - E Bergeron
- UMR CNRS 5557, Center for Microbial Ecology, Observatoire Français des Nocardioses, Laboratoire de Mycologie Fondamentale et Appliquée aux Biotechnologies Industrielles, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - M Soulier
- Pathologistes associés, Martigues, France
| | - N Bestandji
- Orthopaedics Department, Hôpital Andrée Rosemon, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - M Demar
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana.,EA 3593 Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologies Tropicales, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - P Couppie
- Dermatology Department, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana.,EA 3593 Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologies Tropicales, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - R Blaizot
- Dermatology Department, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana.,EA 3593 Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologies Tropicales, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Glutathione (γ-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinylglycine, GSH) is a powerful cellular redox agent. In nature only the l,l-form is common among the tree of life. It serves as antioxidant or redox buffer system, protein regeneration and activation by interaction with thiol groups, unspecific reagent for conjugation during detoxification, marker for amino acid or peptide transport even through membranes, activation or solubilization of compounds during degradative pathways or just as redox shuttle. However, the role of GSH production and utilization in bacteria is more complex and especially little is known for the Actinobacteria. Some recent reports on GSH use in degradative pathways came across and this is described herein. GSH is used by transferases to activate and solubilize epoxides. It allows funneling epoxides as isoprene oxide or styrene oxide into central metabolism. Thus, the distribution of GSH synthesis, recycling and application among bacteria and especially Actinobacteria are highlighted including the pathways and contributing enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Lienkamp
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry and Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Montgomery MT, Guerrero Bustamante CA, Dedrick RM, Jacobs-Sera D, Hatfull GF. Yet More Evidence of Collusion: a New Viral Defense System Encoded by Gordonia Phage CarolAnn. mBio 2019; 10:e02417-18. [PMID: 30890601 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.02417-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperate phages play important roles in the physiology of their bacterial hosts and establish a lysogenic relationship with the host through which prophage-expressed genes confer new phenotypes. A key phenotype is prophage-mediated defense against heterotypic viral attack, in which temperate phages collude with their bacterial host to prevent other phages from attacking, sometimes with exquisite specificity. Such defense systems have been described in Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium phages but are likely widespread throughout the microbial community. Here, we describe a novel prophage-mediated defense system encoded by Gordonia phage CarolAnn, which defends against infection by unrelated phages grouped in cluster CZ. CarolAnn genes 43 and 44 are coexpressed with the repressor and are necessary and sufficient to confer defense against phage Kita and its close relatives. Kita and these relatives are targeted through Kita gene 53, a gene that is of unknown function but which is the location of defense escape mutations that overcome CarolAnn defense. Expression of Kita gene 53 is toxic to Gordonia terrae in the presence of CarolAnn genes 43 and 44, suggesting that defense may be mediated by an abortive infection type of mechanism. CarolAnn genes 43 and 44 are distant relatives of mycobacteriophage Sbash genes 31 and 30, respectively, which also confer viral defense but use a different targeting system.IMPORTANCE Prophage-mediated viral defense systems play a key role in microbial dynamics, as lysogeny is established relatively efficiently, and prophage-expressed genes can strongly inhibit lytic infection of other, unrelated phages. Demonstrating such defense systems in Gordonia terrae suggests that these systems are widespread and that there are a multitude of different systems with different specificities for the attacking phages.
Collapse
|
36
|
Nahurira R, Wang J, Yan Y, Jia Y, Fan S, Khokhar I, Eltoukhy A. In silico genome analysis reveals the metabolic versatility and biotechnology potential of a halotorelant phthalic acid esters degrading Gordonia alkanivorans strain YC-RL2. AMB Express 2019; 9:21. [PMID: 30715639 PMCID: PMC6362181 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of genus Gordonia are known to degrade various xenobitics and produce secondary metabolites. The genome of a halotorelant phthalic acid ester (PAEs) degrading actinobacterium Gordonia alkanivorans strain YC-RL2 was sequenced using Biosciences RS II platform and Single Molecular Real-Time (SMRT) technology. The reads were assembled de novo by hierarchical genome assembly process (HGAP) algorithm version 2. Genes were annotated by NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline. The generated genome sequence was 4,979,656 bp with an average G+C content of 67.45%. Calculation of ANI confirmed previous classification that strain YC-RL2 is G. alkanivorans. The sequences were searched against KEGG and COG databases; 3132 CDSs were assigned to COG families and 1808 CDSs were predicted to be involved in 111 pathways. 95 of the KEGG annotated genes were predicted to be involved in the degradation of xenobiotics. A phthalate degradation operon could not be identified in the genome indicating that strain YC-RL2 possesses a novel way of phthalate degradation. A total of 203 and 22 CDSs were annotated as esterase/hydrolase and dioxygenase genes respectively. A total of 53 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) were predicted by antiSMASH (antibiotics & Secondary Metabolite Analysis Shell) bacterial version 4.0. The genome also contained putative genes for heavy metal metabolism. The strain could tolerate 1 mM of Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Pb2+ ions. These results show that strain YC-RL2 has a great potential to degrade various xenobiotics in different environments and will provide a rich genetic resource for further biotechnological and remediation studies.
Collapse
|
37
|
Schwabe R, Anke MK, Szymańska K, Wiche O, Tischler D. Analysis of desferrioxamine-like siderophores and their capability to selectively bind metals and metalloids: development of a robust analytical RP-HPLC method. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:598-607. [PMID: 30138722 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The Actinobacterium Gordonia rubripertincta CWB2 (DSM 46758) produces hydroxamate-type siderophores (188 mg L-1) under iron limitation. Analytical reversed-phase HPLC allowed determining a single peak of ferric iron chelating compounds from culture broth which was confirmed by the Fe-CAS assay. Elution profile and its absorbance spectrum were similar to those of commercial (des)ferrioxamine B which was used as reference compound. This confirms previously made assumptions and shows for the first time that the genus Gordonia produces desferrioxamine-like siderophores. The reversed-phase HPLC protocol was optimized to separate metal-free and -loaded oxamines. This allowed to determine siderophore concentrations in solutions as well as metal affinity. The metal loading of oxamines was confirmed by ICP-MS. As a result, it was demonstrated that desferrioxamine prefers trivalent metal ions (Fe3+ > Ga3+ > V3+ > Al3+) over divalent ones. In addition, we aimed to show the applicability of the newly established reversed-phase HPLC protocol and to increase the re-usability of desferrioxamines as metal chelators by immobilization on mesocellular silica foam carriers. The siderophores obtained from strain CWB2 and commercial desferrioxamine B were successfully linked to the carrier with a high yield (up to 95%) which was verified by the HPLC method. Metal binding studies demonstrated that metals can be bound to non-immobilized and to the covalently linked desferrioxamines, but also to the carrier material itself. The latter was found to be unspecific and, therefore, the effect of the carrier material remains a field of future research. By means of a reversed CAS assay for various elements (Nd, Gd, La, Er, Al, Ga, V, Au, Fe, As) it was possible to demonstrate improved Ga3+- and Nd3+-binding to desferrioxamine loaded mesoporous silica carriers. The combination of the robust reversed-phase HPLC method and various CAS assays provides new avenues to screen for siderophore producing strains, and to control purification and immobilization of siderophores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ringo Schwabe
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Environmental Microbiology Group, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Marlene Kirstin Anke
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Environmental Microbiology Group, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Katarzyna Szymańska
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Silesian University of Technology, Ks. M. Strzody 7, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Oliver Wiche
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Biology and Ecology Group, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Environmental Microbiology Group, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany; Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The bacterial genus Gordonia encompasses a variety of versatile species that have been isolated from a multitude of environments. Gordonia was described as a genus about 20 years ago, and to date, 39 different species have been identified. Gordonia is recognized for symbiotic associations with multiple hosts, including aquatic (marine and fresh water) biological forms and terrestrial invertebrates. Some Gordonia species isolated from clinical specimens are known to be opportunistic human pathogens causing secondary infections in immunocompromised and immunosuppressive individuals. They are also predominant in mangrove ecosystems and terrestrial sites. Members of the genus Gordonia are ecologically adaptable and show marked variations in their properties and products. They generate diverse bioactive compounds and produce a variety of extracellular enzymes. In addition, production of surface active compounds and carotenoid pigments allows this group of microorganisms to grow under different conditions. Several isolates from water and soil have been implicated in bioremediation of different environments and plant associated species have been explored for agricultural applications. This review highlights the prevalence of the members of this versatile genus in diverse environments, details its associations with living forms, summarizes the biotechnologically relevant products that can be obtained and discusses the salient genomic features that allow this Actinomycete to survive in different ecological niches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harshada Sowani
- a Department of Chemistry , Biochemistry Division Savitribai Phule Pune University , Pune , India
| | - Mohan Kulkarni
- a Department of Chemistry , Biochemistry Division Savitribai Phule Pune University , Pune , India
| | - Smita Zinjarde
- b Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology , Savitribai Phule Pune University , Pune , India.,c Department of Microbiology , Savitribai Phule Pune University , Pune , India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jiménez-Galisteo G, Fusté E, Muñoz E, Vinuesa T, Villa TG, Benz R, Domínguez A, Viñas M. Identification and characterization of a cell wall porin from Gordonia jacobaea. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2017; 63:266-273. [PMID: 28835595 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Gordonia jacobaea is a bacterium belonging to the mycolata group characterized by its ability to produce carotenoids. Mycolic acids in the cell wall contribute to reducing the permeability of their envelopes requiring the presence of channel-forming proteins to allow the exchange of hydrophilic molecules with the surrounding medium. Identification and purification of the channel-forming proteins was accomplished by SDS-PAGE, Mass spectrometry and Mass peptide fingerprinting and the channel-forming activity was studied by reconstitution in lipid bilayers. Here, we describe for the first time the presence of a cell-wall protein from G. jacobaea with channel-forming activity. Our results suggest that this protein bears a low similarity to other hypothetical proteins from the genus Gordonia of uncharacterized functions. The channel has an average single-channel conductance of 800 pS in 1 M KCl, is moderately anion-selective, and does not show any voltage dependence for voltages between +100 and -100 mV. The channel characteristics suggest that this protein could be of relevance in the import and export of negatively charged molecules across the cell wall. This could contribute to design treatments for mycobacterial infections, as well as being of interest in biotechnology applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ester Fusté
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical School, IDIBELL-University of Barcelona.,Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, IDIBELL-University of Barcelona
| | - Elisa Muñoz
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca
| | - Teresa Vinuesa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical School, IDIBELL-University of Barcelona
| | - Tom G Villa
- Department of Microbiology & Genetics, University of Salamanca
| | - Roland Benz
- Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University
| | - Angel Domínguez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Santiago de Compostela
| | - Miguel Viñas
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical School, IDIBELL-University of Barcelona.,Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pope WH, Mavrich TN, Garlena RA, Guerrero-Bustamante CA, Jacobs-Sera D, Montgomery MT, Russell DA, Warner MH, Hatfull GF; Science Education Alliance-Phage Hunters Advancing Genomics and Evolutionary Science (SEA-PHAGES). Bacteriophages of Gordonia spp. Display a Spectrum of Diversity and Genetic Relationships. mBio 2017; 8:e01069-17. [PMID: 28811342 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01069-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The global bacteriophage population is large, dynamic, old, and highly diverse genetically. Many phages are tailed and contain double-stranded DNA, but these remain poorly characterized genomically. A collection of over 1,000 phages infecting Mycobacterium smegmatis reveals the diversity of phages of a common bacterial host, but their relationships to phages of phylogenetically proximal hosts are not known. Comparative sequence analysis of 79 phages isolated on Gordonia shows these also to be diverse and that the phages can be grouped into 14 clusters of related genomes, with an additional 14 phages that are “singletons” with no closely related genomes. One group of six phages is closely related to Cluster A mycobacteriophages, but the other Gordonia phages are distant relatives and share only 10% of their genes with the mycobacteriophages. The Gordonia phage genomes vary in genome length (17.1 to 103.4 kb), percentage of GC content (47 to 68.8%), and genome architecture and contain a variety of features not seen in other phage genomes. Like the mycobacteriophages, the highly mosaic Gordonia phages demonstrate a spectrum of genetic relationships. We show this is a general property of bacteriophages and suggest that any barriers to genetic exchange are soft and readily violable. Despite the numerical dominance of bacteriophages in the biosphere, there is a dearth of complete genomic sequences. Current genomic information reveals that phages are highly diverse genomically and have mosaic architectures formed by extensive horizontal genetic exchange. Comparative analysis of 79 phages of Gordonia shows them to not only be highly diverse, but to present a spectrum of relatedness. Most are distantly related to phages of the phylogenetically proximal host Mycobacterium smegmatis, although one group of Gordonia phages is more closely related to mycobacteriophages than to the other Gordonia phages. Phage genome sequence space remains largely unexplored, but further isolation and genomic comparison of phages targeted at related groups of hosts promise to reveal pathways of bacteriophage evolution.
Collapse
|
41
|
Rodriguez-Lozano J, Pérez-Llantada E, Agüero J, Rodríguez-Fernández A, Ruiz de Alegria C, Martinez-Martinez L, Calvo J. Sternal wound infection caused by Gordonia bronchialis: identification by MALDI-TOF MS. JMM Case Rep 2017; 3:e005067. [PMID: 28348789 PMCID: PMC5343147 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gordonia spp. infections are uncommon. However, a few clinical cases have been reported in the literature, particularly those involving immunocompromised hosts. Advanced microbiology diagnosis techniques, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight MS (MALDI-TOF MS), have been recently introduced in clinical microbiology laboratories in order to improve microbial identification, resulting in better patient management. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we present a new clinical case of persistent wound infection caused by Gordonia bronchialis in a 64-year-old woman after a mitral valve replacement, using two MALDI-TOF-based systems for identifying this micro-organism. CONCLUSION Both MALDI-TOF systems were able to identify Gordonia spp.; thus, providing a useful tool that overcomes the current limitations of phenotypic identification associated with this micro-organism. Although the technique validation deserves additional verification, our study provides guidance about MALDI-TOF as a fast and easy method for Gordonia spp. identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesús Agüero
- Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander , Cantabria , Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Calvo
- Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander , Cantabria , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Qi YB, Wang CY, Lv CY, Lun ZM, Zheng CG. Removal Capacities of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) by a Newly Isolated Strain from Oilfield Produced Water. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:ijerph14020215. [PMID: 28241412 PMCID: PMC5334769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading strain Q8 was isolated from oilfield produced water. According to the analysis of a biochemical test, 16S rRNA gene, house-keeping genes and DNA-DNA hybridization, strain Q8 was assigned to a novel species of the genus Gordonia. The strain could not only grow in mineral salt medium (MM) and utilize naphthalene and pyrene as its sole carbon source, but also degraded mixed naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene. The degradation ratio of these four PAHs reached 100%, 95.4%, 73.8% and 53.4% respectively after being degraded by Q8 for seven days. A comparative experiment found that the PAHs degradation efficiency of Q8 is higher than that of Gordonia alkaliphila and Gordonia paraffinivorans, which have the capacities to remove PAHs. Fourier transform infrared spectra, saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene (SARA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of crude oil degraded by Q8 were also studied. The results showed that Q8 could utilize n-alkanes and PAHs in crude oil. The relative proportions of the naphthalene series, phenanthrene series, thiophene series, fluorene series, chrysene series, C21-triaromatic steroid, pyrene, and benz(a)pyrene were reduced after being degraded by Q8. Gordonia sp. nov. Q8 had the capacity to remediate water and soil environments contaminated by PAHs or crude oil, and provided a feasible way for the bioremediation of PAHs and oil pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bin Qi
- Petroleum Exploration & Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, No. 31, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- China University of Geosciences-Beijing, College of Energy, No. 29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Cheng-Yuan Lv
- Petroleum Exploration & Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, No. 31, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zeng-Min Lun
- Petroleum Exploration & Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, No. 31, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Cheng-Gang Zheng
- Petroleum Exploration & Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, No. 31, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Stompor M, Kałużny M, Żarowska B. Biotechnological methods for chalcone reduction using whole cells of Lactobacillus, Rhodococcus and Rhodotorula strains as a way to produce new derivatives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:8371-84. [PMID: 27209040 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Microbial strains of the genera Dietzia, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Gordonia, Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Penicillium, Rhodotorula and Lactobacillus were screened for the ability to convert chalcones. Synthesis of chalcones was performed by the Claisen-Schmidt reaction. There were three groups of chalcones obtained as the products, which included the derivatives containing 4-substituted chalcone, 2'-hydroxychalcone and 4'-methoxychalcone. The B ring of the chalcones was substituted in the para position with different groups, such as halide, hydroxyl, nitro, methyl, ethyl and ethoxy one. The structure-activity relationship of the tested chalcones in biotransformation processes was studied. It has been proven that Gram-positive bacterial strains Rhodococcus and Lactobacillus catalyzed reduction of C=C bond in the chalcones to give respective dihydrochalcones. The strain Rhodotorula rubra AM 82 transformed chalcones into dihydrochalcones and respective secondary alcohols. These results suggest that the probiotic strain of Lactobacillus can be used for biotransformations of chalcones, which has not been described before. The structure of new metabolites 14a and 15b were established as 4-ethoxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone and 3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(4'-O-methylphenyl)-2-propan-1-ol, respectively, which was confirmed by (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR analysis.
Collapse
|
44
|
Iwata M, Imaoka T, Nishiyama T, Fujii T. Re-characterization of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate hydrolase belonging to the serine hydrolase family. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:140-5. [PMID: 26868518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel bacterium assimilating di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate as a sole carbon source was isolated, and identified as a Rhodococcus species and the strain was named EG-5. The strain has a mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) hydrolase (EG-5 MehpH), which exhibits some different enzymatic features when compared with the previously reported MEHP hydrolase (P8219 MehpH) from Gordonia sp. These differences include different pH optimum activity, maximal reaction temperature and heat stability. The Km and Vmax values of EG-5 MehpH were significantly higher than those of P8219 MehpH. The primary structure of EG-5 MehpH showed the highest sequence identity to that of P8219 MehpH (39%) among hydrolases. The phylogenetic tree suggested that EG-5 MehpH and P8219 MehpH were categorized in different groups of the novel MEHP hydrolase family. Mutation of a conserved R(109) residue of EG-5 MehpH to a hydrophobic residue resulted in a dramatic reduction in the Vmax value towards MEHP without affecting the Km value. These results indicate that this residue may neutralize the negative charge of a carboxylate anion of MEHP, and thus inhibit the catalytic nucleophile from attacking the ester bond. In other words, the R residue blocks inhibition from the carboxylate anion of MEHP. Recently, registered hypothetical proteins exhibiting 98% or 99% identities for EG-5 MehpH or for P8219 MehpH were found from some pathogens belonging to Actinomycetes. The protein may have other activities besides MEHP hydrolysis and function in other physiological reactions in some Actinomycetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Iwata
- IMB Co., Ltd., 1070-10 Hitotsugi, Asakura City, Fukuoka 838-0065, Japan
| | - Takuya Imaoka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishiyama
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Takao Fujii
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nguyen DB, Gupta N, Abou-Daoud A, Klekamp BG, Rhone C, Winston T, Hedberg T, Scuteri A, Evans C, Jensen B, Moulton-Meissner H, Török T, Berríos-Torres SI, Noble-Wang J, Kallen A. A polymicrobial outbreak of surgical site infections following cardiac surgery at a community hospital in Florida, 2011-2012. Am J Infect Control 2014; 42:432-5. [PMID: 24679572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe an outbreak of 22 sternal surgical site infections following cardiac surgery, including 4 Gordonia infections. Possible operation room environmental contamination and suboptimal infection control practices regarding scrub attire may have contributed to the outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duc B Nguyen
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Scientific Education and Professional Development Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
| | - Neil Gupta
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Scientific Education and Professional Development Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Alison Abou-Daoud
- Scientific Education and Professional Development Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Chaz Rhone
- Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, FL
| | | | | | - Ana Scuteri
- Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, FL
| | | | - Bette Jensen
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Heather Moulton-Meissner
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Sandra I Berríos-Torres
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Judith Noble-Wang
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Alexander Kallen
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| |
Collapse
|