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Jack KS, Asaruddin MRB, Bhawani SA. Pharmacophore study, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation of virgin coconut oil derivatives as anti-inflammatory agent against COX-2. CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE 2022; 9:73. [PMID: 37520584 PMCID: PMC9579622 DOI: 10.1186/s40538-022-00340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Virgin coconut oil is mostly made up of saturated fatty acids in which approximately 72% are medium chain triglycerides. Medium chain triglycerides can be digested into medium chain fatty acids and medium chain monoglycerides which are bioactive components. Therefore, it is very important to study the in-silico ability of some Virgin coconut oil derivatives, namely, medium chain fatty acids and medium chain monoglycerides to inhibit Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein for prevention of excessive inflammatory response. Results Pharmacophore study displayed monolaurin with two hydrogen bond donor, three hydrogen bond acceptor and five hydrophobic interactions, while lauric acid presented two hydrogen bond acceptor, five hydrophobic interactions and a negative ion interaction. Molecular docking underlined the ability of monolaurin in the inhibition of COX-2 protein which causes inflammatory action with a decent result of energy binding affinity of - 7.58 kcal/mol and 15 interactions out of which 3 are strong hydrogen bond with TYR385 (3.00 Å), PHE529 (2.77 Å), and GLY533 (3.10 Å) residues of the protein. Monolaurin was employed as hydrogen bond acceptor to the side of residue TYR385 of COX-2 protein with an occupancy of 67.03% and was observed to be long-living during the entire 1000 frames of the molecular dynamic simulation. The analysis of RMSD score of the Monolaurin-COX-2 complex backbone was calculated to be low (1.137 ± 0.153 Å) and was in a stable range of 0.480 to 1.520 Å. Redocking of this complex still maintained a strong hydrogen bond (2.87 Å) with the main residue TYR385. AMDET results where promising for medium chain fatty acids and medium chain monoglycerides with good physicochemical drug scores. Conclusions This can be concluded from the results obtained that the monolaurin has strong interactions with COX-2 protein to disrupt its function due to significant hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with amino acid residues present in the target protein's active site. These results displayed a very significant anti-inflammatory potential of monolaurin and a new promising drug candidates as anti-inflammatory agent. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Kho Swen Jack
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Mohd Razip Bin Asaruddin
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Showkat Ahmad Bhawani
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak Malaysia
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Amin Mir M. Synthesis, Catalysis and Antimicrobial activity of 5d- metal chelate complex of Schiff base ligands. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Merzouki O, Arrousse N, El Barnossi A, Ech-chihbi E, Fernine Y, Housseini AI, Rais Z, Taleb M. Eco-friendly synthesis, characterization, in-silico ADMET and molecular docking analysis of novel carbazole derivatives as antibacterial and antifungal agents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Júniora CRM, Costa ED. Design and Analysis of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Toxicological analysis of Cannabidiol analogs using in silico Tools. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220202151959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Background: Cannabidiol (CBD), a non‐psychoactive phytocannabinoid from Cannabis Sativa, has become an interesting option for medicinal chemists in the development of new drug candidates
Objective:
Objective: This study aims to propose analogs with therapeutic potential from the CBD scaffold. Methods: The 16 analogs proposed were designed using the PubChem Sketcher V. 2.4® software. Already, CBD analogs were subjected to different in silico tools, such as Molinspiration®; SwissADME®; SwissTargetPrediction® and OSIRIS Property Explorer
Results and Discussio:
Results and Discussion: The screening of CBD analogs carried out in this study showed compounds 9 and 16 with good affinity for interactions with CB1 and CB2 receptors. Pharmacokinetic data showed that these two compounds have good oral absorption. Finally, in silico toxicity data showed that these compounds pose no risk of a toxic event in humans
Conclusion:
Conclusion: CBD analogs 9 and 16 would have a better profile of drug candidates to be further tested in vitro and in vivo models.: CBD analogs 9 and 16 would have a better profile of drug candidates to be further tested in vitro and in vivo models.
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Vatannavaz L, Sabounchei SJ, Sedghi A, Karamian R, Farida SHM, Rahmani N. Synthesis, characterization, theoretical study and biological activity studies of the mercury (
II
) complexes of 5‐methyl‐5‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐hydantoin. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Asieh Sedghi
- Faculty of Chemistry Bu‐Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
| | - Roya Karamian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Bu‐Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
| | | | - Nosrat Rahmani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science Shahed University Tehran Iran
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Bustos-Salgado P, Andrade-Carrera B, Domínguez-Villegas V, Díaz-Garrido N, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Badía J, Baldomà L, Mallandrich M, Calpena-Campmany A, Garduño-Ramírez ML. Screening Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavanones Solutions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168878. [PMID: 34445584 PMCID: PMC8396196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a large number of remedies in traditional medicine focused on relieving pain and inflammation. Flavanones have been a potential source in the search for leading compounds and biologically active components, and they have been the focus of much research and development in recent years. Eysenhardtia platycarpa is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of kidney diseases, bladder infections, and diabetes mellitus. Many compounds have been isolated from this plant, such as flavones, flavanones, phenolic compounds, triterpenoid acids, chalcones, sugars, and fatty acids, among others. In this paper, natural flavanone 1 (extracted from Eysenhardtia platycarpa) as lead compound and flavanones 1a–1d as its structural analogues were screened for anti-inflammatory activity using Molinspiration® and PASS Online in a computational study. The hydro alcoholic solutions (FS) of flavanones 1, 1a–1d (FS1, FS1a–FS1d) were also assayed to investigate their in vivo anti-inflammatory cutaneous effect using two experimental models, a rat ear edema induced by arachidonic acid (AA) and a mouse ear edema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA). Histological studies and analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were also assessed in AA-inflamed rat ear tissue. The results showed that the flavanone hydro alcoholic solutions (FS) caused edema inhibition in both evaluated models. This study suggests that the evaluated flavanones will be effective when used in the future in skin pathologies with inflammation, with the results showing 1b and 1d to be the best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bustos-Salgado
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 29-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.B.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - Berenice Andrade-Carrera
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico; (B.A.-C.); (V.D.-V.)
| | - Valeri Domínguez-Villegas
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico; (B.A.-C.); (V.D.-V.)
| | - Natalia Díaz-Garrido
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (N.D.-G.); (M.J.R.-L.); (J.B.); (L.B.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute Sant Joan De Déu (IR-SJD), University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J. Rodríguez-Lagunas
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (N.D.-G.); (M.J.R.-L.); (J.B.); (L.B.)
- Institute of Research in Food Nutrition and Safety, University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Josefa Badía
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (N.D.-G.); (M.J.R.-L.); (J.B.); (L.B.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute Sant Joan De Déu (IR-SJD), University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Baldomà
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (N.D.-G.); (M.J.R.-L.); (J.B.); (L.B.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute Sant Joan De Déu (IR-SJD), University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Mallandrich
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 29-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.B.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - Ana Calpena-Campmany
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 29-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.B.-S.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.-C.); (M.L.G.-R.); Tel.: +34-93-402-4578 (A.C.-C.); +52-777-329-7997 (M.L.G.-R.)
| | - María Luisa Garduño-Ramírez
- Center for Chemical Research, Institute for Research Basic and Applied Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.C.-C.); (M.L.G.-R.); Tel.: +34-93-402-4578 (A.C.-C.); +52-777-329-7997 (M.L.G.-R.)
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Lobana TS. Heterocyclic-2-thione derivatives of group 10–12 metals: Coordination versatility, activation of C S (thione) bonds and biochemical potential. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Design, synthesis, characterization, computational study and in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of few novel 6-aryl substituted pyrimidine azo dyes. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Synthesis of 5-heptadecyl- and 5-heptadec-8-enyl substituted 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione from (Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid: preparation of Palladium(II) complexes and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Analysis on biological importance of antiseptic drug, O-Benzyl hydroxylamine, by the application of spectroscopic and theoretical tools. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02447. [PMID: 31687552 PMCID: PMC6819797 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological importance of antiseptic drug; O-Benzyl hydroxylamine was explored using QSAR studies for ultimate usage for treating fungal infections. In this research work, the molecular spectroscopic tool and theoretical calculation method of analysis. The data acquired from both tools were evaluated and compared to validate structural and vibrational characteristics. Mulliken charge displacement around molecular site in order for exploring electronic properties to find out the cause of inducement of drug potential. The Lipinski rule of five was evaluated for the measurement of biological importance of the drug compound. The lipophilicity and topological surface area of the drug was monitored for determining biological process activity. The partial involvement of compositional bonds of the molecule was appraised for influential vibrational characteristics. The chemical environment for making chemical property was monitored from the uniform and asymmetrical chemical shift of core and allied carbons. The resultant oscillating potential orientation in the molecular site was identified and the residing zones were recognized to find out the origin of drug potential. The occurrence of CT complex process was studied and the CTC was found to be CC and C–N for generating drug activeness. The enhancement of hyper active polarization was measured in first and second order from which the charge level pulling on different entities were observed for ensuring the biological affinity of the compound. The enantiomer characteristics were thoroughly studied to measure the level of toxicity.
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Sangpheak K, Tabtimmai L, Seetaha S, Rungnim C, Chavasiri W, Wolschann P, Choowongkomon K, Rungrotmongkol T. Biological Evaluation and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Chalcone Derivatives as Epidermal Growth Factor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061092. [PMID: 30897725 PMCID: PMC6471738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapy has become a high potential cancer treatment. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which plays an important role in cell signaling, enhanced cell survival and proliferation, has been suggested as molecular target for the development of novel cancer therapeutics. In this study, a series of chalcone derivatives was screened by in vitro cytotoxicity against the wild type (A431 and A549) and mutant EGFR (H1975 and H1650) cancer cell lines, and, subsequently, tested for EGFR-tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibition. From the experimental screening, all chalcones seemed to be more active against the A431 than the A549 cell line, with chalcones 1c, 2a, 3e, 4e, and 4t showing a more than 50% inhibitory activity against the EGFR-TK activity and a high cytotoxicity with IC50 values of < 10 µM against A431 cells. Moreover, these five chalcones showed more potent on H1975 (T790M/L858R mutation) than H1650 (exon 19 deletion E746-A750) cell lines. Only three chalcones (1c, 2a and 3e) had an inhibitory activity against EGFR-TK with a relative inhibition percentage that was close to the approved drug, erlotinib. Molecular dynamics studies on their complexes with EGFR-TK domain in aqueous solution affirmed that they were well-occupied within the ATP binding site and strongly interacted with seven hydrophobic residues, including the important hinge region residue M793. From the above information, as well as ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties, all three chalcones could serve as lead compounds for the development of EGFR-TK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyani Sangpheak
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Lueacha Tabtimmai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10903, Thailand.
| | - Supaphorn Seetaha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10903, Thailand.
| | - Chompoonut Rungnim
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Warinthorn Chavasiri
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Peter Wolschann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10903, Thailand.
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Ph.D. Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Gordienko O, Titov T, Ranskiy A, Gumenchuk O. Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Copper(II) Chelates with Benzimidazole-2-N-Arylcarbothioamides. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht12.02.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Silva CD, Paz IA, Abreu FD, de Sousa AP, Veríssimo CP, Nascimento NR, Paulo TF, Zampieri D, Eberlin MN, Gondim AC, Andrade LC, Carvalho IM, Sousa EH, Lopes LG. Thiocarbonyl-bound metallonitrosyl complexes with visible-light induced DNA cleavage and promising vasodilation activity. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 182:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Aziz I, Sirajuddin M, Munir A, Tirmizi SA, Nadeem S, Tahir MN, Sajjad W. Synthesis, Characterization, DNA Interaction Study, Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities of New Palladium(II) Phosphine Complexes. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218030258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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15
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Lobana TS, Aulakh JK, Sood H, Arora DS, Garcia-Santos I, Kaur M, Duff CE, Jasinski JP. Synthesis, structures and antimicrobial activity of copper derivatives of N-substituted imidazolidine-2-thiones: unusual bio-activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of copper(i) complexes with N-substituted imidazolidine-2-thiones is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarlok S. Lobana
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143 005
- India
| | | | - Heena Sood
- Department of Microbiology
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143 005
- India
| | - Daljit S. Arora
- Department of Microbiology
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143 005
- India
| | - Isabel Garcia-Santos
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad de Santiago
- 15782-Santiago
- Spain
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Nadeem S, Sirajuddin M, Ahmad S, Yaqub S, Ali MI, Tirmizi SA, Ali S, Hameed A. Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, In Vitro Antibacterial Evaluation and POM Analyses of Palladium(II) Thiocyanate Complexes of Thioamides. Pharm Chem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-017-1695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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17
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Aulakh JK, Lobana TS, Sood H, Arora DS, Garcia-Santos I, Hundal G, Kaur M, Smolenski VA, Jasinski JP. Variable coordination and C–S bond cleavage activity of N-substituted imidazolidine-2-thiones towards copper: synthesis, spectroscopy, structures, ESI-mass and antimicrobial studies. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:1324-1339. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04103e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-substituted imidazoldine-2-thiones with copper(i) halides have shown variable nuclearity, C–S bond cleavage, antimicrobial activity and non-toxicity in some cases to living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarlok S. Lobana
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar – 143 005
- India
| | - Henna Sood
- Department of Microbiology
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143 005
- India
| | - Daljit S. Arora
- Department of Microbiology
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143 005
- India
| | - Isabel Garcia-Santos
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad de Santiago
- 15782-Santiago
- Spain
| | - Geeta Hundal
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar – 143 005
- India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Keene State College
- Keene
- USA
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