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Tao T, Xu H, Ma X, Cheng Y, Shi X, Sun Y, Zhao M, Huang L, Li X. Analysis of Systemic and Serum Risk Factors in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:1033-1044. [PMID: 36680656 PMCID: PMC10011263 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It remains controversial whether polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) represents a subtype of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) or is a distinct disease entity. This study aimed to compare and analyze systemic and serum risk factors for nAMD and PCV in an aging Chinese population. METHODS A retrospective study was performed on 108 patients with nAMD, 131 patients with PCV, and 219 control subjects. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), apolipoprotein B (APOB), complement 3 (C3), and complement 4 (C4) together with data on systemic risk factors, including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary artery disease (CAD), and asthma, were collected. Chi-square tests, independent-samples t tests, and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations of risk factors with nAMD and PCV. RESULTS Patients with PCV and those with nAMD were likely to have hyperlipidemia (P < 0.001). CAD (P = 0.020) and hypertension (P = 0.006) correlated significantly with nAMD and PCV, respectively. Although no association of age and asthma with PCV or nAMD was found (P > 0.05), DM was associated with PCV development (OR = 0.535, P = 0.044). Regarding serum risk factors, HDL, LDL, TG, APOB, and C3 were significantly associated with nAMD (OR < 0.001, P < 0.001; OR = 0.028, P < 0.001; OR = 0.175, P < 0.001; OR = 0.922, P = 0.022; OR < 0.001, P < 0.001) and PCV (OR = 0.001, P = 0.001; OR = 0.097, P = 0.003; OR = 0.410, P = 0.037; OR = 0.895, P = 0.001; OR = 0.001, P < 0.001). Compared with nAMD, higher levels of HDL (P = 0.003) and LDL (P = 0.016) and lower levels of TG (P = 0.039) were found in patients with PCV, but the association of systemic risk factors between the two diseases was not significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that hyperlipidemia is significantly associated with both nAMD and PCV. Serum lipid and complement levels have an effect on the pathogenesis of nAMD and PCV, and consideration of the differences between systemic and serum risk factors should be taken into account in clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchang Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, 100044, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, 100044, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaoyun Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, 100044, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, 100044, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, 100044, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, 100044, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, 100044, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, 100044, China. .,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, 100044, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, 100044, China. .,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100044, China. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
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Viturino MG, Neto JM, Bajano FF, Costa SM, Roque AB, Borges GF, Ananina G, Rim PH, Medina FM, Costa FF, Vasconcellos JPD, Melo MBD. Evaluation of APOE polymorphisms and the risk for age-related macular degeneration in a Southeastern Brazilian population. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1148-1155. [PMID: 33467888 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220985466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the role of APOE polymorphisms (rs429358 and rs7412) in the risk of age-related macular degeneration in a sample of the Southeastern Brazilian population. Seven hundred and five unrelated individuals were analyzed, 334 with age-related macular degeneration (case group), and 371 without the disease (control group). In the case group, patients were further stratified according to disease phenotypes, divided into dry and wet age-related macular degeneration, and non-advanced and advanced age-related macular degeneration. APOE polymorphisms (rs429358 and rs7412) were evaluated through polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. In the comparison of cases vs. controls, none of the associations reached statistical significance, considering the Bonferroni-adjusted P-value, although there was a suggestive protection for the E3/E4 genotype (OR = 0.626; P-value = 0.037) and E4 carriers (OR = 0.6515; P-value = 0.047). Statistically significant protection for both the E3/E4 genotype and E4 carriers was observed in the comparisons: advanced age-related macular degeneration vs. controls (OR = 0.3665, P-value = 0.491 × 10-3 and OR = 0.4031, P-value = 0.814 × 10-3, respectively), advanced age-related macular degeneration vs. non-advanced age-related macular degeneration (OR = 0.2529, P-value = 0.659 × 10-4 and OR = 0.2692, P-value = 0.631 × 10-4, respectively). In the comparison of wet age-related macular degeneration vs. control, protection was statistically significant only for E3/E4 (OR = 0.4052, P-value = 0.001). None of the comparisons demonstrated any significant association for E2 genotypes or E2 carriers in age-related macular degeneration risk in this study. Findings suggest a protective role of the E4 haplotype in the APOE gene in the risk for advanced and wet forms of age-related macular degeneration, in a sample of the Brazilian population. To our knowledge, this is the first Brazilian study to show the association between APOE polymorphisms and age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gm Viturino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Jamil M Neto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Flávia F Bajano
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Sueli Ms Costa
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Alicia B Roque
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Gessica Fs Borges
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Galina Ananina
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Priscila Hh Rim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Flávio M Medina
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Fernando F Costa
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-878, Brazil
| | - José Pc de Vasconcellos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Mônica B de Melo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil
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Fernández‐Vega B, García M, Olivares L, Álvarez L, González‐Fernández A, Artime E, Fernández‐Vega Cueto A, Cobo T, Coca‐Prados M, Vega JA, González‐Iglesias H. The association study of lipid metabolism gene polymorphisms with AMD identifies a protective role for APOE-E2 allele in the wet form in a Northern Spanish population. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98:e282-e291. [PMID: 31654486 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the potential role of eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the most relevant lipid metabolism genes in Northern Spanish patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS A case-control study of 228 unrelated native Northern Spanish patients diagnosed with AMD (73 dry and 155 wet) and 95 healthy controls was performed. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and genotyped for the SNPs APOE rs429358 and rs7412; CTEP rs3764261; LIPC rs10468017 and rs493258; LPL rs12678919; ABCA1 rs1883025; ABCA4 rs76157638, rs3112831 and rs1800555; and SCARB1 rs5888, using TaqMan probes. An additional association study of ε2, ε3 and ε4 major isoforms of APOE gene with AMD has been carried out. RESULTS The allele and genotype frequencies for each of the eleven sequence variants in the lipid metabolism genes did not show significant differences when comparing AMD cases and controls. Statistical analysis revealed that APOE-ε2 carrier genotypes were less frequently observed in patients with wet AMD compared to controls (5.8% versus 13.7%, respectively: p = 3.28 × 10-2 ; OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.19-0.95). The frequency of the allele T of rs10468017 (LIPC gene) was lower in dry AMD cases compared to controls (15.8 versus 27.9%, respectively: p = 8.4 × 10-3 OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.33-0.98). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a protective role for APOE-ε2 allele to wet AMD in the Northern Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández‐Vega
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández‐Vega Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular Grupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
| | - Montserrat García
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández‐Vega Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
| | - Lorena Olivares
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
| | - Lydia Álvarez
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
| | - Adrián González‐Fernández
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
| | - Enol Artime
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
| | - Andrés Fernández‐Vega Cueto
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández‐Vega Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
| | - Teresa Cobo
- Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Médico‐Quirúrgicas Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
| | - Miguel Coca‐Prados
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
| | - José A. Vega
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular Grupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago de Chile Chile
| | - Héctor González‐Iglesias
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández‐Vega Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
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Xu N, Xu H, Zhao M, Xu Y, Huang L. Associations of systemic, serum lipid and lipoprotein metabolic pathway gene variations with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226763. [PMID: 31877157 PMCID: PMC6932770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the association of systemic, serum lipids and genetic variants in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolic pathway with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in China. METHODS The case-control study was included 150 controls and 66 cases with PCV. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL, triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), apolipoprotein B (APOB) together with systemic risk factors including gender, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD) and asthma were identified. All subjects were genotyped for four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from three genes in the HDL metabolic pathway: rs10468017 of hepatic lipase (LIPC), rs12678919 of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), rs3764261 and rs173539 of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Student's t-tests, chi-square tests, anova and logistic regression were used to evaluate associations. RESULTS Hyperlipidemia was a risk factor (odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, P = 0.001) for PCV. HDL, LDL and APOB levels were associated with PCV (OR = 0.001, P = 0.004; OR = 0.099, P = 0.010; OR = 0.839, P = 0.018). Higher level of TC was potently associated with increased risk of PCV (OR = 109.8, P = 0.000). LIPC rs10468017 was a risk factor for PCV (OR = 11.68, P = 0.000). CETP rs3764261 conferred a decreased risk for PCV (OR = 0.08, P = 0.000). No associations of LPL rs12678919 or CETP rs173539 with PCV were found. Mean level of HDL increased with T allele of the CETP gene (p = 0.026): 1.24 mmol/L (±0.31) for the GG genotype and 1.66 mmol/L (±0.54) for the TT genotype. Additionally, T allele was associated with the following increase in APOA1: 136.78 mg/dl (±20.53) for the CC genotype and 149.57 mg/dl (±22.67) for the TT genotype of LIPC and 137.91 mg/dl (±20.36) for the GG genotype and 162.67 mg/dl (±22.50) for the TT genotype of CETP gene. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that the significant association was found between hyperlipidemia, the serum levels of TC, HDL, LDL and APOB and PCV. The result of present study also showed that the association of LIPC rs10468017 and CETP rs3764261 with PCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningda Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing,China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing,China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing,China
| | - Yongsheng Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing,China
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing,China
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Association of Genes in the High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolic Pathway with Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in Asian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:9538671. [PMID: 29977615 PMCID: PMC6011074 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9538671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the association of genes in the high-density lipoprotein metabolic pathway (HDLMP) with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and the genetic difference in the HDLMP between PCV and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods We performed a literature search in EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science for genetic studies on 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 5 genes in the HDLMP including cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), hepatic lipase (LIPC), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) in PCV. All studies were published before September 30, 2017, without language restriction. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of each polymorphism were estimated. We also compared the association profiles between PCV and AMD and performed a sensitivity analysis. Results Our result is based on 43 articles. After excluding duplicates and articles without complete information, 7 studies were applicable to meta-analysis. 7 polymorphisms were meta-analyzed: CETP rs2303790/rs3764261, LIPC rs10468017/rs493258, LPL rs12678919, ABCA1 rs1883025, and ABCG1 rs57137919. We found that in Asian population, CETP rs3764261 (T allele; OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.28–1.665, P < 0.01), CETP rs2303790 (G allele; OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.258–1.96, P < 0.01), and ABCG1 rs57137919 (A allele; OR = 1.168; 95% CI: 1.016–1.343, P < 0.01) were significantly associated with PCV, and ABCG1 rs57137919 (A allele; OR = 1.208, 95% CI: 1.035–1.411, P < 0.01) has different effects in PCV and AMD. The other 4 polymorphisms in LIPC/LPL/ABCA1 had no significant association with PCV (P > 0.05). The sensitivity analysis validated the significance of our analysis. Conclusions Our study revealed 7 polymorphisms in 5 genes. Among them, CETP (rs3764261/rs2303790) and ABCG1 (rs57137919) were the major susceptibility genes for PCV in Asian population and ABCG1 (rs57137919) showed allelic diversity between PCV and AMD. Since the size for PCV and AMD was small, we need to study these genes genotyping in larger samples.
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Xiying M, Wenbo W, Wangyi F, Qinghuai L. Association of Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms with Age-related Macular Degeneration Subtypes: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:370-377. [PMID: 28889998 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the worldwide leading cause of blindness among the elderly, especially in developed countries. The possible association between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism (ε2, ε3, ε4) and AMD has been extensively investigated with conflicting results, especially when specifying different clinical phenotypes of AMD. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis by integrating several recent large-sample studies to verify the effect of ApoE polymorphisms on AMD subtypes. METHODS The retrieve for targeted literature was conducted based on the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and Web of Science. Summary odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for estimation of risk. The p-value was adjusted due to the multiple comparison. RESULTS A total of 12 studies included in the final summary analysis, including 13842 cases and 38647 controls. ApoE ε4 carrier was inversely associated with early stage AMD (OR = 0.889, 95% CI = 0.82-0.97), geographic atrophy (OR = 0.594, 95% CI = 0.43-0.83) and neovascular AMD (OR = 0.670, 95% CI = 0.58-0.76). Stratification analysis by ethnicity revealed that the ApoE ε4 carriers was associated with neovascular AMD in both Caucasians (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.47-0.83) and East Asians (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.58-0.79). A significant association of ApoE ε2 carriers was only found with early AMD in Black and East Asian population, however small samples and limited studies restrict its generalization. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis revealed a significantly protective role of ε4 on each subtypes of AMD, but no supportive evidence of the association of ε2 with AMD. Thus, further studies with larger samples are needed to understand the precise role of ε2 on AMD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Xiying
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wu Wenbo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wangyi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liu Qinghuai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Liu YL, Zhang HM, Pan HM, Bao YH, Xue J, Wang TC, Dong XC, Li XL, Bao HG. The relationship between apolipoprotein E gene ε2/ε3/ε4 polymorphism and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1241-9. [PMID: 27022282 PMCID: PMC4789883 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s94228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to assess the relationship between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene ε2/ε3/ε4 polymorphism and breast cancer risk. Methods Yun-Long Liu and Hao-Min Zhang independently completed literature retrieval and data collection, and statistical analyses were performed by Stata. Individual odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled in a random-effects model using the DerSimonian–Laird method. Heterogeneity was evaluated by I2 statistic at a significance level of 50%. Publication bias was assessed by Egger’s test. Results Eleven articles including 2,074 breast cancer patients and 2,372 controls were summarized. Using the most common allele ε3 as a reference, the ε2 (OR =0.87, 95% CI =0.72–1.05, P=0.154, I2=0.0%) and ε4 (OR =1.07, 95% CI =0.80–1.42, P=0.654, I2=71.8%) alleles were not found to be significantly associated with breast cancer risk in the overall analyses. Subgroup analyses revealed that the comparison of allele ε4 with ε3 was significant in Asians (OR =1.58, 95% CI =1.17–6.32, P=0.003, I2=12.1%) and in studies that used the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) genotyping method (OR =1.27; 95% CI =1.01–1.61, P=0.045, I2=34.3%), and was marginally significant in hospital-based studies (OR =1.33; 95% CI =0.98–1.79, P=0.065, I2=30.2%), without heterogeneity. Moreover, the presence of the ε2 allele was significantly associated with breast cancer in small studies (total sample size <500) (OR =0.73, 95% CI =0.54–1.00, P=0.052, I2=0.0%) without heterogeneity. The Egger’s test indicated low probabilities of publication bias. Conclusion We observed a significant association between APOE gene ε4 allele and breast cancer risk in Asian populations. Moreover, the findings of our subgroup analyses suggest that source of controls, genotyping platform, and sample size might be the potential causes of heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Long Liu
- Department of Chest Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Min Zhang
- Department of Chest Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ming Pan
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hang Bao
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xue
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Chang Wang
- Department of Chest Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Dong
- Department of Chest Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Li
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Guang Bao
- Department of Chest Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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Ye Z, Shuai P, Zhai Y, Li F, Jiang L, Lu F, Wen F, Huang L, Zhang D, Liu X, Lin Y, Luo H, Zhang H, Zhu X, Wu Z, Yang Z, Gong B, Shi Y. Associations of 6p21.3 Region with Age-related Macular Degeneration and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20914. [PMID: 26861912 PMCID: PMC4748259 DOI: 10.1038/srep20914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) are leading causes of blindness in aging populations. This study was conducted to investigate the associations of chromosome 6p21.3 region, including CFB-SKIV2L-TNXB-FKBPL-NOTCH4 genes, with both neovascular AMD and PCV. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this region and two known AMD-associated SNPs in CFH (rs800292) and HTRA1 (rs11200638) were genotyped in a Han Chinese cohort composed of 490 neovascular AMD patients, 419 PCV patients and 1316 controls. Among the SNPs, TNXB rs12153855 and FKBPL rs9391734 conferred an increased susceptibility to neovascular AMD (P = 2.8 × 10−4 and 0.001, OR = 1.80 and 1.76, respectively), while SKIV2L exerted a protective effect on neovascular AMD (P = 2.2 × 10−4, OR = 0.49). Rs12153855C and rs9391734A alleles could further increase the susceptibility to AMD in subjects with rs800292, rs11200638 and rs429608 risk alleles. However, only the association of SKIV2L rs429608 remained significant after adjusting for rs800292, rs11200638 and the other 5 SNPs. The protective haplotype AATGAG exhibited significant association with neovascular AMD (permutation P = 0.015, OR = 0.34). None of the SNPs in this region was associated with PCV. Association profiles of 6p21.3 region showed discrepancy between neovascular AMD and PCV, indicating possible molecular and pathological differences between these two retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Ye
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Shuai
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaru Zhai
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingxi Jiang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Wen
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lulin Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingding Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaichao Luo
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Clinical Medicine Department, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, China
| | - Houbin Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengzheng Wu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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9
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Bakbak B, Ozturk BT, Zamani AG, Gonul S, Iyit N, Gedik S, Yıldırım MS. Association of Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism with Intravitreal Ranibizumab Treatment Outcomes in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Curr Eye Res 2015; 41:862-6. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1067325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Berker Bakbak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey,
| | - Banu Turgut Ozturk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey,
| | - Ayşe Gul Zamani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Meram Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey and
| | - Saban Gonul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey,
| | - Neslihan Iyit
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sansal Gedik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey,
| | - M. Selman Yıldırım
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Meram Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey and
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10
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Ma L, Li Z, Liu K, Rong SS, Brelen ME, Young AL, Kumaramanickavel G, Pang CP, Chen H, Chen LJ. Association of Genetic Variants with Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-analysis. Ophthalmology 2015; 122:1854-65. [PMID: 26081444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
TOPIC A systematic review and meta-analysis of the genetic association with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and the genetic difference between PCV and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). CLINICAL RELEVANCE To identify genetic biomarkers that are potentially useful for genetic diagnosis of PCV and for differentiating PCV from nAMD. METHODS We performed a literature search in EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Chinese Biomedical Database for PCV genetic studies published before February 6, 2015. We then conducted a meta-analysis of all polymorphisms that had sufficient genotype/allele data reported in ≥2 studies and estimated the summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PCV. We also compared the association profiles between PCV and nAMD, and performed a sensitivity analysis. RESULTS A total of 66 studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving 56 polymorphisms in 19 genes/loci. In total, 31 polymorphisms in 10 genes/loci (age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 [ARMS2], high-temperature requirement factor A1 [HTRA1], complement factor H [CFH], complement component 2 [C2], CFB, RDBP, SKIV2L, CETP, 8p21, and 4q12) were significantly associated with PCV. Another 25 polymorphisms in 13 genes (ARMS2, HTRA1, C2, CFB, ELN, LIPC, LPL, ABCA1, VEGF-A, TLR3, LOXL1, SERPING1, and PEDF) had no significant association. Twelve polymorphisms at the ARMS2-HTRA1 locus showed significant differences between PCV and nAMD. The sensitivity analysis validated the significance of our analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed 31 polymorphisms in 10 genes/loci that contribute to PCV susceptibility. Among them, ARMS2-HTRA1 also showed allelic diversity between PCV and nAMD. Our results confirm the gene variants that could affect the phenotypic expressions of PCV and nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shi Song Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marten E Brelen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alvin L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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11
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Kuo JZ, Wong TY, Ong FS. Genetic risk, ethnic variations and pharmacogenetic biomarkers in age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014; 8:127-140. [PMID: 24860613 DOI: 10.1586/eop.13.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Z Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 ; Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 ; Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | - Tien Y Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore ; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Frank S Ong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 ; Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
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12
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Lim LS, Cheung CMG, Wong TY. Asian Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Current Concepts and Gaps in Knowledge. ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (PHILADELPHIA, PA.) 2013; 2:32-41. [PMID: 26107866 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0b013e31827ff5bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Data on the epidemiology and treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Asian populations have been scarce. Recently, significant advances in the current knowledge of AMD in Asia have been made, but deficiencies in important areas remain. Epidemiological data on AMD in those 80 years or older are lacking.There are also few incidence data on AMD or polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), an important variant of AMD that seems to be more common in Asia. The risk factors for PCV have not been clearly defined to the extent that those for AMD have. No trials of nutritional supplementation for AMD prevention in Asia exist, and there is also a lack of long-term clinical trial data on combination therapy for PCV and indeed very few trial data on PCV. These represent opportunities for future research. With aging populations in Asia, increased data on the prevalence, risk factors, prevention, and treatment of AMD and PCV in Asian populations will be needed to formulate evidence-based public health and clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Shen Lim
- From the *Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre; and †Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Leveziel N, Tilleul J, Puche N, Zerbib J, Laloum F, Querques G, Souied EH. Genetic factors associated with age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmologica 2011; 226:87-102. [PMID: 21757876 DOI: 10.1159/000328981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex, multifactorial disease associated with environmental and genetic factors. This review emphasizes the clinical impact of the major genetic factors mainly located in the complement factor H gene and on the 10q26 locus, and their current and future implications for the management of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Leveziel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Intercommunal de Créteil, University of Paris XII, Créteil, France.
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14
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DeAngelis MM, Silveira AC, Carr EA, Kim IK. Genetics of age-related macular degeneration: current concepts, future directions. Semin Ophthalmol 2011; 26:77-93. [PMID: 21609220 PMCID: PMC4242505 DOI: 10.3109/08820538.2011.577129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive degenerative disease which leads to blindness, affecting the quality of life of millions of Americans. More than 1.75 million individuals in the United States are affected by the advanced form of AMD. The etiological pathway of AMD is not yet fully understood, but there is a clear genetic influence on disease risk. To date, the 1q32 (CFH) and 10q26 (PLEKHA1/ARMS2/HTRA1) loci are the most strongly associated with disease; however, the variation in these genomic regions alone is unable to predict disease development with high accuracy. Therefore, current genetic studies are aimed at identifying new genes associated with AMD and their modifiers, with the goal of discovering diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, these studies provide the foundation for further investigation into the pathophysiology of AMD by utilizing a systems-biology-based approach to elucidate underlying mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. DeAngelis
- Ocular Molecular Genetics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alexandra C. Silveira
- Ocular Molecular Genetics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Carr
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ivana K. Kim
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Losonczy G, Fekete Á, Vokó Z, Takács L, Káldi I, Ajzner É, Kasza M, Vajas A, Berta A, Balogh I. Analysis of complement factor H Y402H, LOC387715, HTRA1 polymorphisms and ApoE alleles with susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration in Hungarian patients. Acta Ophthalmol 2011; 89:255-62. [PMID: 19845562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2009.01687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies strongly support the role of genetic factors in the aetiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We investigated the frequency of Tyr402His polymorphism of the complement factor H (CFH) gene, Ser69Ala polymorphism at LOC387715, rs11200638 polymorphism of the HTRA1 gene and different apolipoprotein E (ApoE) alleles in Hungarian patients with AMD in order to determine the disease risk conferred by these factors. METHODS In a case-control study, we performed clinical and molecular genetic examination of 105 AMD patients (48 patients in the early and 57 in the late subgroup) and 95 unrelated healthy controls. Detailed patient histories were recorded with the use of a questionnaire focusing on known risk factors for AMD. RESULTS In the early AMD subgroup, homozygous CFH, LOC387715 or HTRA1 polymorphisms conferred a 4.9-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-14.2), 7.4-fold (95% CI 2.1-26.2) or 10.1-fold (95% CI 2.5-40.8) risk of disease, respectively. In the late AMD subgroup, carriers of two CFH, LOC387715 or HTRA1 risk alleles were at 10.7-fold (95% CI 3.7-31.0), 11.3-fold (95% CI 3.2-40.4) or 13.5-fold (95% CI 3.3-55.4) greater disease risk, respectively. Two CFH and one LOC387715 risk alleles in combination conferred a 15.0-fold (95% CI 3.2-71.0) increase in risk, whereas two LOC387715 risk alleles combined with one CFH risk allele was associated with a 14.0-fold (95% CI 2.1-95.1) increased risk for late AMD. ApoE alleles neither increased disease risk nor proved to be protective. CONCLUSIONS The CFH, LOC387715 and HTRA1 polymorphisms are strongly associated with the development of AMD in the Hungarian population. The association is particularly pronounced when homozygous risk alleles are present and in the late stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Losonczy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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16
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Nakata I, Yamashiro K, Yamada R, Gotoh N, Nakanishi H, Hayashi H, Tsujikawa A, Otani A, Ooto S, Tamura H, Saito M, Saito K, Iida T, Oishi A, Kurimoto Y, Matsuda F, Yoshimura N. Genetic variants in pigment epithelium-derived factor influence response of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy to photodynamic therapy. Ophthalmology 2011; 118:1408-15. [PMID: 21439646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether photodynamic therapy (PDT) outcomes of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) are related to baseline clinical characteristics, smoking history, or genetic factors by analyzing the retreatment-free period after the first PDT. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS The study consisted of 167 patients with PCV who underwent PDT as their first treatment. METHODS We targeted 638 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 42 possible susceptible genes for age-related macular degeneration to evaluate their relation to the effectiveness of PDT for PCV. For this evaluation, we used 2 methods: (1) survival analysis, with the retreatment-free period as the target; and (2) logistic regression test between the need for additional therapy within 3 months after the first PDT and the genotypes, with age, gender, smoking status, and greatest linear dimension (GLD) at baseline as covariates. The contributions of smoking status and GLD at baseline for the retreatment-free period also were evaluated. Contributions of these factors to visual prognosis were evaluated for 1 year after PDT. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Retreatment-free period after the first PDT for PCV. Secondary outcome measures included correlation of the susceptible factor to the retreatment requirement within the 3-month follow-up and the mean visual acuity change. RESULTS In survival analyses, SERPINF1 rs12603825 showed a significant association with the retreatment-free period after the first PDT; those patients homozygous for the minor allele A of rs12603825 received additional treatment after PDT within significantly shorter times than those with other genotypes (P = 0.0038). There was no significant difference in the retreatment-free period between baseline GLD and smoking status. Retreatment within 3 months was required significantly more in patients with the AA genotype, even after taking into consideration the effect of clinical characteristics (age, gender), baseline PCV lesion size, and smoking status (P = 0.0027). Furthermore, patients with the AA genotype showed significantly worse visual prognosis after PDT (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Pigment epithelium-derived factor (SERPINF1 or PEDF) polymorphisms may influence the initial response to and visual prognosis after PDT for PCV. Our findings may lead to understanding the pathogenesis of PCV and modification of the effects of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Nakata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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17
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Cackett P, Yeo I, Cheung CMG, Vithana EN, Wong D, Tay WT, Tai ES, Aung T, Wong TY. Relationship of smoking and cardiovascular risk factors with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and age-related macular degeneration in Chinese persons. Ophthalmology 2010; 118:846-52. [PMID: 21146223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) has been described as a distinct clinical entity from choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The present study aimed to determine risk factors for PCV and to compare associations with those for CNV secondary to AMD. DESIGN Case-control study. PARTICIPANTS Patients of Chinese ethnicity with clinically and angiographically diagnosed PCV (n = 123) or CNV secondary to AMD (n = 128) were recruited from a tertiary eye hospital in Singapore. Controls without signs of PCV, CNV secondary to AMD, or other retinal pathologic features (n = 1489) were selected from a population-based study. METHODS Patients underwent an ophthalmologic examination including digital color fundus photography, stereoscopic fluorescein angiography (FA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Classification into PCV or CNV secondary to AMD was based on FA and ICGA findings. Risk factors were determined from a standardized interview, with blood pressure recorded using a digital automatic blood pressure monitor. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy or CNV secondary to AMD. RESULTS Persons who smoked were more likely to have PCV (39.9% vs. 13.4%) or CNV secondary to AMD (45.0% vs. 12.3%) than those who did not smoke. After controlling for age, gender, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension, persons who smoked were 4 times more likely to have PCV (odds ratio [OR], 4.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5-7.7; P<0.001) and CNV secondary to AMD (OR, 4.9; 95% CI, 2.7-8.8; P<0.001). A significant, negative association also was found between diastolic blood pressure and CNV secondary to AMD (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-0.9; P = 0.017, adjusted for age, gender, smoking, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia), but diastolic blood pressure was not associated with PCV. CONCLUSIONS Smoking but not other vascular risk factors is significantly associated with both PCV and CNV secondary to AMD in Chinese persons. The similarity of associations suggests that there may be common risk factors and pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Cackett
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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18
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Imamura Y, Engelbert M, Iida T, Freund KB, Yannuzzi LA. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: a review. Surv Ophthalmol 2010; 55:501-15. [PMID: 20850857 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
More than a quarter century has passed since the original description of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in 1982 as a peculiar hemorrhagic disorder involving the macula characterized by recurrent subretinal pigment epithelial bleeding. In the ensuing years, numerous reports have described the expanded clinical spectrum of this entity. PCV is the principal vascular composition of patients of pigmented races experiencing neovascular maculopathies, particularly African Americans and Asians. This form of neovascularization is now known to occur in white patients with or without concomitant drusen, and the site of involvement has extended from the peripapillary area to the peripheral fundus. Indocyanine green angiography has made detection of these abnormal vascular changes more reliable and definitive. More precise diagnosis has also led to a better understanding of specific clinical features that distinguish PCV from more typical proliferations of abnormal choroidal vessels. We review the nature of PCV, including its genetic basis, demographic features, histopathology, clinical manifestations, natural course, response to treatments, and the histopathological and genetic bases. We emphasize multimodal ophthalmic imaging of these vessels, in particular fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Imamura
- The LuEster T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disorder of the eye and the third leading cause of blindness worldwide. With a multifactorial etiology, AMD results in progressive loss of central vision affecting the macular region of the eye in elderly. While the prevalence is relatively higher in the Caucasian populations, it has gradually become a major public health issue among the non-Caucasian populations (including Indians) as well due to senescence, rapidly changing demographics and life-style factors. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on large case-control cohorts have helped in mapping genes in the complement cascade that are involved in the regulation of innate immunity with AMD susceptibility. Genes involved with mitochondrial oxidative stress and extracellular matrix regulation also play a role in AMD pathogenesis. Majority of the associations observed in complement (CFH, CFB, C2 and C3) and other (ARMS2 and HTRA1) genes have been replicated in diverse populations worldwide. Gene-gene (CFH with ARMS2 and HTRA1) interactions and correlations with environmental traits (smoking and body mass index) have been established as significant covariates in AMD pathology. In this review, we have provided an overview on the underlying molecular genetic mechanisms in AMD worldwide and highlight the AMD-associated-candidate genes and their potential role in disease pathogenesis.
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Fritsche LG, Freitag-Wolf S, Bettecken T, Meitinger T, Keilhauer CN, Krawczak M, Weber BHF. Age-related macular degeneration and functional promoter and coding variants of the apolipoprotein E gene. Hum Mutat 2009; 30:1048-53. [PMID: 19384966 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a frequent, multifactorial disease of the central retina and a major cause of irreversible vision loss in industrialized countries. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) has been consistently associated with AMD, particularly its two functional isoforms E2 (predisposing) and E4 (protective). The biological correlate of this association, however, is still unclear. In this study, we have defined an extended haplotype block encompassing the entire APOE gene locus, including known coding as well as cis-regulatory promoter variants. Of the five extended APOE haplotypes common in the general population, two were found to be significantly associated with AMD, namely G-G-G-G-epsilon2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-2.12) and T-G-A-G-epsilon4 (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58-0.99). When analyzing common extended haplotype combinations, T-C-G-G-epsilon3/T-G-A-G-epsilon4 exhibited the most prominent effect (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.20-0.51). Intriguingly, we also found one extended epsilon3-haplotype, G-G-G-A-epsilon3, to be protective in the homozygous state (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.49-0.87). Since single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs405509:G>T is a constituent of the extended epsilon-haplotype block and is known to significantly influence APOE promoter activity, we hypothesize that both the relative rate of APOE isoform expression in conjunction with established functional differences of the respective isoforms may be crucial in mediating AMD pathology. This would also imply that genotyping of the core epsilon-haplotypes alone is not sufficient to estimate AMD risk, but that determination of extended haplotype combinations, including the functional promoter SNP rs405509, is required instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars G Fritsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Loane E, Nolan JM, O'Donovan O, Bhosale P, Bernstein PS, Beatty S. Transport and Retinal Capture of Lutein and Zeaxanthin with Reference to Age-related Macular Degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol 2008; 53:68-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2007.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lotery A, Trump D. Progress in defining the molecular biology of age related macular degeneration. Hum Genet 2007; 122:219-36. [PMID: 17659362 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-007-0406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is an extremely prevalent complex genetic disorder. Its incidence rises exponentially in the elderly to a frequency of 1 in 2 in the general population by age 85. It affects approximately 25 million people and is the commonest cause of irreversible visual loss in the Western world. It is therefore a major public health problem. However, until recently its aetiology was unknown. Our understanding of both the molecular biology of AMD and the relevant clinical treatments has progressed dramatically in the last 2 years. Two genes of large effect have been identified which together contribute to over 70% of the population attributable risk of AMD. Treatments which inhibit expression of vascular endothelial growth factor have been developed which can rescue vision in the "wet" form of the disease. The association of complement factor H with AMD highlights the importance of the alternative complement pathway in the development of AMD whilst the pathophysiology of the serine protease HTRA1 is now under intensive study. This review will give an insight into these developments and will summarise our current knowledge of the molecular biology of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lotery
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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Patel N, Adewoyin T, Chong NV. Age-related macular degeneration: a perspective on genetic studies. Eye (Lond) 2007; 22:768-76. [PMID: 17491602 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common macular disease in the developed world and recent studies have shown that specific genes may be associated with it and may contribute to a higher risk of developing AMD. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to review systematically recent publications related to the genetics of AMD and provide relevant information that would help both scientists and clinicians in advising patients. METHOD A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Medline, and National Library of Medicine as well as ARVO abstracts using key words relevant to the genetic associations of AMD. RESULTS The most important genetic associations in AMD involved the complement factor H (CFH) gene, which showed that possession of the variant Y402H polymorphism significantly increases the risk for AMD. Protective genes have also been identified such as those on either factor B (BFor complement factor B (CFB)) or complement component 2 (C2) genes. The genes involved in inherited macular dystrophies such as ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A (ABC1), member 4 (ABCA4), vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD2), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3), and EFEMP1have yielded some important information but further confirmatory work has yet to establish a clear association with AMD. CONCLUSION Patients with AMD possess specific genetic variants of the CFHgene, which put them at a higher risk of developing the disease. Other unaffected individuals may possess certain protective genetic variants, which could prevent them from developing AMD. Further research will no doubt shed light on other such mechanisms and these will be useful in identifying possible direct targets for drugs or indirectly through modulation of the genes responsible for disease presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Patel
- Laser and Retinal Research Unit, Kings College Hospital, London, UK
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Friedman DA, Lukiw WJ, Hill JM. Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 offers protection against age-related macular degeneration. Med Hypotheses 2006; 68:1047-55. [PMID: 17141963 PMCID: PMC1857420 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many previous studies, age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) has been linked to a variety of different risk factors. The publications have debated whether apolipoprotein E (apoE) epsilon4 serves as a potential protective factor in the development of the disease. Other studies have classified the behavior of this protein in different pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cardiovascular disease. The general behavior of the epsilon4 isoform of ApoE is different than the predominant epsilon3 isoform. HYPOTHESIS We propose that the general characteristics and molecular behavior of apoE epsilon4 cause it to be a protective factor against the development of ARMD by preventing cumulative effects of oxidative retinal damage. EVALUATION OF HYPOTHESIS: Review of the literature related to ARMD and ApoE, using OVID as our main database, led to the development of several theories regarding ApoE epsilon4's behavior compared to epsilon3 and potential explanation of its protective characteristics. CONSEQUENCES OF HYPOTHESIS: We relate these theories to the potential behavior of ApoE epsilon4 in other situations including choroidal neovascularization, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), cardiovascular disease, herpes simplex virus infection, and smoking. DISCUSSION The potential implications of this theory could be used as a branching point for further studies that examine the role of the different apoE isoforms, in relation to the other risk factors for ARMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan A. Friedman
- Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Neuroscience Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - James M. Hill
- Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Neuroscience Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Pharmacology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Microbiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
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Thakkinstian A, Bowe S, McEvoy M, Smith W, Attia J. Association between apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and age-related macular degeneration: A HuGE review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 164:813-22. [PMID: 16916985 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwj279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A possible association between apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and age-related macular degeneration has been investigated numerous times, with conflicting results. A previous analysis pooling results from four studies (Schmidt et al., Ophthalmic Genet 2002;23:209-23) suggested an association, but those investigators did not document allele frequencies, the magnitude of the association, or the possible genetic mode of action. Thus, the authors searched MEDLINE from 1966 to December 2005 for any English-language studies reporting genetic associations. Data and study quality were assessed in duplicate. Pooling was performed while checking for heterogeneity and publication bias. Frequencies of the E2 and E4 alleles in Caucasians were approximately 8% and 15%, respectively. Allele- and genotype-based tests of association indicated a risk effect of up to 20% for E2 and a protective effect of up to 40% for E4. E2 appeared to act in a recessive mode and E4 in a dominant mode. There appears to be a differential effect of the E2 and E4 alleles on the risk of age-related macular degeneration, although the possibility of survivor bias needs to be ruled out more definitively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammarin Thakkinstian
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Shikata E, Ieiri I, Ishiguro S, Takane H, Ohgi S, Otsubo K. Multiple gene polymorphisms and warfarin sensitivity. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2006; 62:881-3. [PMID: 16821005 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-006-0173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Haddad S, Chen CA, Santangelo SL, Seddon JM. The Genetics of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review of Progress to Date. Surv Ophthalmol 2006; 51:316-63. [PMID: 16818082 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss and blindness among older adults in the USA and throughout the developed world. Etiological research suggests that AMD is a complex disease, caused by the actions and interactions of multiple genes and environmental factors. Familial aggregation studies, twin studies, and segregation analyses have provided strong evidence for the heritability of AMD, and linkage and association studies have been conducted to localize the disease-causing genes. Whole genome linkage scans have implicated nearly every chromosome in the human genome, with the most replicated signals residing on 1q25-31 and 10q26. Association studies have identified a major risk variant within the complement factor H gene (CFH), and recent reports suggest that PLEKHA1/LOC387715 and the BF/C2 regions may be major risk loci for AMD as well. Several other genes have had at least one positive association finding and deserve further exploration. Among these, apolipoprotein E (APOE) may be a minor risk locus. Additional genes will likely be identified, and future studies should explore the potential interactions of these genes with other genes as well as environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Haddad
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, USA
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