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Iatropoulos I, Christou EE, Karmiris E, Chranioti IG, Kounas K, Kozobolis V, Stavrakas P. Multiple Types Late-Onset Postoperative Retinal Folds following Vitrectomy for Retinal Detachment Repair with Silicone Oil: Morphologic Variability and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Features - A Case Report. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2024; 15:358-368. [PMID: 38628308 PMCID: PMC11021041 DOI: 10.1159/000538501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Retinal folds (RFs) may develop following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair, though it consists an uncommon complication. Case Presentation Herein, we present a case of late-onset postoperative outer RFs with aggravating characteristics following vitrectomy with silicone oil (SO) tamponade for RRD repair; early clinical findings, complications, anatomical and functional status during a 12-month follow-up period are described. Retinal imaging by acquiring optical coherence tomography scans and angiograms indicates detailed morphological and angiographic characteristics of the evolution of RFs over time. Our case provides insight into a combination of various types of RFs along with retinal disorganization with appearance in the late postoperative period after RRD repair with SO tamponade. Conclusion Our aim was to raise awareness of the pathological processes that may be associated with the development and evolution of RFs after successful RRD repair, indicating that it is critical to accurately diagnose the type of RFs and closely monitor their progression in an attempt to provide prognostication for future visual outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Efthymios Karmiris
- Ophthalmology Department, Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Dhewale S, Kelgaonkar A, Khalsa A, Padhy SK, Behera UC, Padhi TR, Basu S. Clinical and imaging characteristics of outer retinal folds in eyes with retinitis. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:2981-2985. [PMID: 35918957 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_70_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe clinical and imaging characteristics of the outer retinal folds (ORF) in cases of retinitis, retinochoroiditis, and chorioretinitis. Methods Retrospective review of retinitis cases with presence of ORFs either at presentation or during follow up. Results ORFs were seen adjacent to retinitis lesions in 16 eyes of 14 cases (retinitis post-febrile illness n = 10, toxoplasma retinochoroiditis n = 2, fungal chorioretinitis n = 2) either at presentation (n = 2) or during follow up (n = 14). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) appearance was outer retinal vertical stout lesions involving ellipsoid, external limiting membrane, and outer nuclear layer. All the cases had a presence of past or concurrent subretinal fluid and/or subretinal hyperreflective material when ORF was seen. ORF resolved with variable outer retinal atrophy over a mean period of 2.86 months. Conclusion ORF is observed in cases of retinitis with subretinal fluid either at presentation or during resolution. It is not specific to any etiological disease. Differentiation of this sign from vertical outer retinal stripes in viral retinitis on OCT is important to avoid misinterpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Dhewale
- Uveitis and Retina Services, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Anup Kelgaonkar
- Uveitis and Retina Services, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ashish Khalsa
- Uveitis and Retina Services, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha; Uveitis and Retina Services, C L Gupta Eye Institute, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Srikanta Kumar Padhy
- Uveitis and Retina Services, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Umesh Chandra Behera
- Uveitis and Retina Services, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Tapas Ranjan Padhi
- Uveitis and Retina Services, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Soumyava Basu
- Uveitis and Retina Services, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha; Uveitis and Retina Services, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Haritoglou C, Kampik A, Wolf A. [Macular folds after surgical repair of retinal detachment]. DIE OPHTHALMOLOGIE 2022; 119:789-797. [PMID: 35925346 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-022-01678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of retinal folds following surgical repair of retinal detachment is underestimated. The extent of retinal folds is variable and can include the complete retina with all layers and an apposition of the photoreceptor outer segments or only partially affect the outer or inner retinal layers. While complete folds can be relatively easily detected by clinical examination, discrete partial folds are sometimes difficult to assess biomicroscopically. In these cases, high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) plays an important role as a tool for differential diagnosis. If macular translocation occurs during the formation of folds, mostly in associated with inferior retinal folds, patients often complain of binocular double vision. A significant reduction of visual acuity and metamorphopsia occur in cases where the folding involves the fovea. In general, retinal folds tend to resolve spontaneously over a prolonged period of follow-up of several months; however, in cases of foveal involvement and corresponding symptoms, a surgical revision can be indicated, although the surgical procedure is not standardized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Haritoglou
- Augenklinik Herzog Carl Theodor, Nymphenburger Str. 43, 80335, München, Deutschland.
| | - Anselm Kampik
- Private Augenarztpraxis München, Prof. Kampik & Kollegen, Augenzentrum Brienner Hof, Brienner Str. 12, 80333, München, Deutschland
| | - Armin Wolf
- Augenklinik, Universität Ulm, Prittwitzstr. 43, 89075, Ulm, Deutschland
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Coppola M, Marchese A, Cicinelli MV, Rabiolo A, Giuffrè C, Gomarasca S, Querques G, Bandello F. Macular optical coherence tomography findings after vitreoretinal surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 30:805-816. [DOI: 10.1177/1120672120911334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to summarize and illustrate the main structural cross-sectional optical coherence tomography findings encountered after vitreoretinal surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. This was a non-systematic review of literature on structural cross-sectional optical coherence tomography findings after vitreoretinal surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Adequate illustrations of the main findings described were found after a retrospective analysis of imaging and charts of patients operated at the department where this study was performed. The main structural cross-sectional optical coherence tomography findings after vitreoretinal surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment included persistent subretinal fluid, subretinal blebs, retinal folds, subretinal perfluorocarbon liquids, macular alterations related to silicone oil, epiretinal membranes, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, cystoid macular edema, macular holes, and recurrent retinal detachment. In conclusion, optical coherence tomography was a useful tool after vitreoretinal surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Some optical coherence tomography findings may not be evident on fundus examination, and optical coherence tomography can reveal essential details for the clinical management and the visual prognosis. Other findings, despite being visible on funduscopic examination, may be better assessed with the aid of optical coherence tomography. All these elements contribute to support the importance of tomographic assessment in the follow-up of eyes treated for vitreoretinal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Coppola
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marchese
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Cicinelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rabiolo
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Giuffrè
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Querques
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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McDonald H, Lingley AJ, Soliman MK, Hurley B. Full-thickness macular fold after pars plana vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane. Can J Ophthalmol 2019; 54:e205-e207. [PMID: 31358172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bernard Hurley
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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Gupta RR, Iaboni DSM, Seamone ME, Sarraf D. Inner, outer, and full-thickness retinal folds after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair: A review. Surv Ophthalmol 2018; 64:135-161. [PMID: 30391278 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Partial-thickness folds of the inner retina and outer retina, as well as full-thickness retinal folds, may occur after the repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Although these can look similar on clinical examination, imaging with optical coherence tomography facilitates differentiation. With optical coherence tomography analysis, inner retinal folds exhibit corrugations of the inner retina while outer retinal folds display hyperreflective lesions located just above the retinal pigment epithelium that may extend into the outer nuclear layer. In the case of a classic full-thickness retinal fold, all layers of the neurosensory retina may separate together from the retinal pigment epithelium with retinal reduplication and base-to-base photoreceptor orientation. We review the pathogenesis, risk factors, prevention, and management options of retinal folds. As the terminology for retinal folds is diverse, we highlight optical coherence tomography-based descriptions for retinal folds that have been used in the literature. Factors predicting visual recovery, mechanisms of spontaneous fold regression, and the effect of internal limiting membrane peeling on the incidence of folds are potential areas of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rishi Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | | | - Mark E Seamone
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - David Sarraf
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Rishi Gupta R, Iaboni DS, Choudhry N, Seamone ME. Letter to the Editor: Imaging Characteristics and Natural History of Macular Pseudo-Folds Mimicking Full-Thickness Postoperative Macular Folds Following Retinal Detachment Repair. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2018; 49:470. [DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20180628-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Retinal folds following retinal detachment surgery: presentation of our own cases and literature review of risk factors, management and visual outcomes. SPEKTRUM DER AUGENHEILKUNDE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00717-017-0388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lee JH, Yoon CK, Kim HW. Two Cases of Outer Retinal Folds Developing after Vitrectomy in Patients Exhibiting Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2018.59.4.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Chang Ki Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Woong Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Tian T, Chen C, Jin H, Zhang Q, Xu Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Zhao P. Morphologic and Postoperative Fixation Characteristics of the Macular Epiretinal Membrane in Young Patients Undergoing Surgery. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2017; 48:655-662. [PMID: 28810041 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20170802-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To describe morphologic characteristics, surgical outcomes, postoperative preferred retinal loci (PRL), and fixation stability of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) in young patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study analyzed 43 eyes of 41 young patients (age range: 0.8 years to 28 years) with ERMs, which were divided into two groups: secondary ERMs (SERMs; n = 28) and idiopathic ERMs (IERMs; n = 13). All 43 eyes underwent 25-gauge vitrectomy and membrane peeling. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scans and microperimetry were used to analyze morphologic and fixation characteristics, respectively. RESULTS Premacular fibrosis was more common in SERMs group (P = .006). SERMs were also associated with less external limiting membrane (ELM) (P = .008) and ellipsoid zone visibility (P = .008) compared with IERMs. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved in 20 eyes (69%) with SERMs (P = .005) and in 12 eyes (86%) with IERMs (P = .13). From the analysis of the postoperative fixation characteristics, there was a linear correlation between visual acuity and fixation stability (R2 = 0.495). CONCLUSION BCVA improved significantly in young patients with ERM, even in cases with a severely disrupted ELM and ellipsoid zone. More attention should be paid to the postoperative fixation location and stability. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2017;48:655-662.].
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Iafe NA, Law S, Sarraf D, Tsui I. OUTER RETINAL FOLDS FOLLOWING PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY WITH MEMBRANE PEEL. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2017; 11 Suppl 1:S31-S33. [PMID: 27552118 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of outer retinal folds following pars plana vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane peel. METHODS Retrospective case report. Spectral-domain and en face optical coherence tomography findings are described. RESULTS A 54-year-old man presented with distorted vision 1 month following pars plana vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane peel and subsequent cataract extraction. Optical coherence tomography of the affected eye revealed ripple-type and taco-type outer retinal folds. En face optical coherence tomography illustrated a curvilinear characteristic pattern of the folds that spontaneously resolved with follow-up. CONCLUSION The authors report a case of outer retinal folds developing in a patient following pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peel. En face optical coherence tomography findings of outer retinal folds may enhance diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Iafe
- *Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and †Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, California
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12
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Spectral domain optical coherence tomography characterization of pediatric epiretinal membranes. Retina 2014; 34:1323-34. [PMID: 24691567 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the macular morphology of pediatric versus adult eyes with epiretinal membrane (ERM) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography and identify characteristics associated with postoperative visual acuity. METHODS This retrospective study analyzed spectral domain optical coherence tomography from pediatric subjects and a randomly selected cohort of adult subjects with ERM. Morphologic retinal and ERM features were graded by two masked spectral domain optical coherence tomography readers and compared with a postoperative change in visual acuity. RESULTS Pediatric ERMs (age, 0.3-16.5 years) were more confluently attached to the retina than adult ERMs (age, 40-88 years; P = 0.009) and had less fibrillary appearance of the inner retina when separation was present (P = 0.044). Pediatric ERMs were associated with more vessel dragging (P = 0.019) and less external limiting membrane (P = 0.001) and inner segment band visibility (P = 0.010), with a trend toward foveal sparing by ERM (P = 0.051) and "taco" retinal folds (P = 0.052) compared with adult eyes. Visual acuity improvement was associated with intact (P = 0.048) and smooth (P = 0.055, trend) inner segment band in children and with smooth inner segment band (P = 0.083, trend) and visible external limiting membrane (P = 0.098, trend) in adults. CONCLUSION We identified morphologic differences between pediatric and adult ERM on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Similar to adults, photoreceptor integrity with pediatric ERM seems to predict better visual acuity changes after surgical ERM removal.
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Multiple subretinal fluid blebs after successful retinal detachment surgery: incidence, risk factors, and presumed pathophysiology. Am J Ophthalmol 2014; 157:834-41. [PMID: 24447856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2013.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the incidence and the clinical factors associated with the occurrence of multiple subretinal fluid (SRF) blebs after successful rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) repair. DESIGN Retrospective, observational case series. METHODS We retrospectively investigated the medical records of 185 eyes of 184 patients who had undergone successful RD surgery, either vitrectomy or scleral buckling. Each patient had undergone spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) combined with infrared reflectance (IR) imaging every 3 months postoperatively. We carefully examined postoperative SDOCT and fundus IR images, in an effort to identify any SRF blebs present. RESULTS Multiple (≥3) SRF blebs were observed in 40 of 185 cases (21.6%). SRF blebs were first detected 1.7 ± 1.8 months postoperatively. In 22 cases that could be fully followed up, SRF blebs were completely absorbed 13.1 ± 6.1 months postoperatively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that only young age (<30 years) was significantly associated with the occurrence of multiple SRF blebs (odds ratio, 5.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-17.6; P = .010). Serial measurements of SRF bleb size using SDOCT showed that SRF bleb height was greatest at postoperative 2.9 ± 0.9 months, while SRF bleb width tended to decrease gradually over time. The SRF blebs typically spared large retinal vessels. CONCLUSIONS Multiple SRF blebs are commonly found after successful RD surgery, especially in young patients. The serial morphologic features evaluated in this study indicate that multiple SRF blebs may result from the active reattachment of retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors during the resolution of RD.
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Pierru A, Di Nolfo M, Barale PO. [Technique for surgical repair of macular fold following retinal reattachment surgery]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2013; 37:e1-4. [PMID: 24183290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Pierru
- GHI Le-Raincy-Montfermeil, 10, rue Général-Leclerc, 93370 Montfermeil, France.
| | - M Di Nolfo
- Cabinet privé, 8, espace Méditerranée, 66000 Perpignan, France
| | - P-O Barale
- CHNO XV/XX, service du Professeur Sahel, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France
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Lee E, Williamson TH, Hysi P, Shunmugam M, Dogramaci M, Wong R, Laidlaw DAH. Macular displacement following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair. Br J Ophthalmol 2013; 97:1297-302. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wong R, Howard C. Reply. Am J Ophthalmol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Longitudinal study of macular folds by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol 2012; 154:757-8; author reply 758-9. [PMID: 22995560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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