1
|
McDonald A, Warden C, Tan J, Piell KM, Steinbach-Rankins JM, Janakiraman N, Scott DA, Cole MP, Gudhimella S. Synthesis and Characterization of a Sustained Nitric Oxide-Releasing Orthodontic Elastomeric Chain for Antimicrobial Action. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6982. [PMID: 39000090 PMCID: PMC11241501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The acidic byproducts of bacteria in plaque around orthodontic brackets contribute to white spot lesion (WSL) formation. Nitric oxide (NO) has antibacterial properties, hindering biofilm formation and inhibiting the growth of oral microbes. Materials that mimic NO release could prevent oral bacteria-related pathologies. This study aims to integrate S-nitroso-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a promising NO donor, into orthodontic elastomeric ligatures, apply an additional polymer coating, and evaluate the NO-release kinetics and antimicrobial activity against Streptococus mutans. SNAP was added to clear elastomeric chains (8 loops, 23 mm long) at three concentrations (50, 75, 100 mg/mL, and a control). Chains were then coated, via electrospinning, with additional polymer (Elastollan®) to aid in extending the NO release. NO flux was measured daily for 30 days. Samples with 75 mg/mL SNAP + Elastollan® were tested against S. mutans for inhibition of biofilm formation on and around the chain. SNAP was successfully integrated into ligatures at each concentration. Only the 75 mg/mL SNAP chains maintained their elasticity. After polymer coating, samples exhibited a significant burst of NO on the first day, exceeding the machine's reading capacity, which gradually decreased over 29 days. Ligatures also inhibited S. mutans growth and biofilm formation. Future research will assess their mechanical properties and cytotoxicity. This study presents a novel strategy to address white spot lesion (WSL) formation and bacterial-related pathologies by utilizing nitric oxide-releasing materials. Manufactured chains with antimicrobial properties provide a promising solution for orthodontic challenges, showing significant potential for academic-industrial collaboration and commercial viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alec McDonald
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Carly Warden
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jinlian Tan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kellianne M Piell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jill M Steinbach-Rankins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | | | - David A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Marsha P Cole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sudha Gudhimella
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bachiega Morelli RF, Nelson-Filho P, Carpio Horta K, Feres M, Lima Ferreira JT, Romano FL, Sasso Stuani MB, Pereira Saraiva MC, Bitencourt Reis CL, Nakane Matsumoto MA. Microbial contamination profile on esthetic elastomeric ligatures through the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique : A randomized split-mouth study. J Orofac Orthop 2024:10.1007/s00056-023-00507-w. [PMID: 38180483 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-023-00507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess the microbial contamination of three different brands of esthetic elastomeric ligatures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different brands of esthetic ligatures (Unistick Pearl [American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, WI, USA], Power Sticks Pearl [Ortho Technology, Tampa, FL, USA], and Ease [Obscure, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA]) were randomly assigned to permanent canines of 25 patients (aged 11-18 years) undergoing corrective orthodontic treatment. After 30 days, the ligatures were removed, processed, and the biofilm composition was analyzed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization for 40 bacterial species. The microbiological data were analyzed using a nonparametric mixed model. RESULTS The ligatures presented intense microbial contamination after 30 days, but no statistically significant differences were observed among the three groups (p > 0.05). The levels of the evaluated individual species and proportions of the microbial complexes showed no statistically significant differences among the ligature groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Esthetic elastomeric ligatures became multicolonized by several bacterial species after 30 days of exposure to the oral cavity. However, no relevant differences were observed among the biofilm composition formed on the different ligature brands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernanda Bachiega Morelli
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Avenida do Cafe, s/no, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Avenida do Cafe, s/no, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Karla Carpio Horta
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Avenida do Cafe, s/no, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Tarcísio Lima Ferreira
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Avenida do Cafe, s/no, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Lourenço Romano
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Avenida do Cafe, s/no, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Sasso Stuani
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Avenida do Cafe, s/no, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Conceição Pereira Saraiva
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Avenida do Cafe, s/no, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Luiz Bitencourt Reis
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Avenida do Cafe, s/no, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mirian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Avenida do Cafe, s/no, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Effectiveness of a Combined Toothbrushing Technique on Cariogenic Dental Biofilm in Relation to Stainless Steel and Elastomeric Ligatures in Orthodontic Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050731. [PMID: 36900736 PMCID: PMC10000873 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased dental biofilm commonly occurs during orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a combined toothbrushing method on dental biofilm cariogenicity in patients with stainless steel (SSL) and elastomeric (EL) ligatures. At baseline (T1), 70 participants were randomized (1:1 ratio) to the SSL or EL group. Dental biofilm maturity was evaluated using a three-color-disclosing dye. The participants were instructed to brush their teeth using a combined horizontal-Charters-modified Bass technique. Dental biofilm maturity was reassessed at the 4-week follow-up (T2). We found that at T1, new dental biofilm was the highest, followed by mature and cariogenic dental biofilm in the SSL group (p < 0.05). In the EL group, cariogenic dental biofilm was highly observed, followed by mature and new dental biofilm (p < 0.05). After intervention, cariogenic dental biofilm significantly decreased in both groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, a marked decrease in cariogenic dental biofilm was observed in the EL group compared with the SSL group (p < 0.05). However, the change in mature dental biofilm in the groups was similar (p > 0.05). Our results demonstrated that the combined toothbrushing method reduced cariogenic dental biofilm in the SSL and EL groups.
Collapse
|
4
|
Al-Melh MA, Bhardwaj RG, Pauline EM, Karched M. Real-time polymerase chain reaction quantification of the salivary levels of cariogenic bacteria in patients with orthodontic fixed appliances. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:328-335. [PMID: 32185907 PMCID: PMC7301396 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim was to investigate the salivary detection frequencies and quantities of caries‐associated bacteria from patients with orthodontic brackets. Methods Patients wearing orthodontic brackets (n = 40, mean age = 26 years) and healthy controls without brackets (n = 40, mean age = 17 years) were enrolled in the study. Saliva samples from each patient was collected. After DNA purification, target species comprising streptococci and a Lactobacillus species were detected and quantified from the samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real‐time quantitative PCR. Results Detection frequencies did not differ between the orthodontic patients and the control subjects for any target species except for Streptococcus sobrinus, which showed significantly lower detection rates in orthodontic patients (p < .05). Lactobacillus casei and Streptococcus gordonii were found at the highest detection frequencies with both species being detected in 38 (95%) of the saliva samples of orthodontic patients. Similarly, L. casei and Streptococcus salivarius were the species with highest detection frequencies (35, 87.5%) in the control subjects. Real‐time PCR revealed that Streptococcus mutans and S. salivarius quantities were significantly higher in orthodontic patients than in the control subjects (p < .05). Conclusions Application of orthodontic brackets for 12 months leads to increased salivary levels of cariogenic bacteria and may serve as a potential risk factor for caries initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Al-Melh
- Department of Developmental and Preventive Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Radhika G Bhardwaj
- Oral Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Eunice M Pauline
- Oral Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Maribasappa Karched
- Oral Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sawhney R, Sharma R, Sharma K. Microbial Colonization on Elastomeric Ligatures during Orthodontic Therapeutics: An Overview. Turk J Orthod 2018; 31:21-25. [PMID: 30112509 PMCID: PMC6007688 DOI: 10.5152/turkjorthod.2018.17050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The current review focuses on the studies conducted on the colonization of microorganisms on orthodontic ligatures during orthodontic treatment. The fixed orthodontic appliances have long been associated with an increase in plaque accumulation, bacterial colonization, and resultant enamel decalcification. Voluminous research has been carried out on the microbial colonization of even newer orthodontic materials such as elastomeric ligatures with an evidence of variably increased microbial counts during orthodontic treatment. However, conclusive material-based data for minimal microbial colonization to establish acceptance criteria for the use of elastomeric ligatures are hardly available. Thus, there is a need for further studies with dual emphasis on exploring microbial associations based on surface chemistries of different elastomers and their requisite modifications for hampering microbial biofilms to evolve efficacious oral health friendly orthodontic ligatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Sawhney
- Department of Microbiology, Rayat-Bahra Dental College & Hospital, Sahauran, India
| | - Ravish Sharma
- Department of Orthodontics, MICH Government Hospital, Yamuna Nagar (Haryana), India
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shirozaki MU, Ferreira JTL, Küchler EC, Matsumoto MAN, Aires CP, Nelson-Filho P, Romano FL. Quantification of Streptococcus mutans in Different Types of Ligature Wires and Elastomeric Chains. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:498-503. [PMID: 29160403 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201601401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to test the hypothesis that Streptococcus mutans contamination levels differ according to the type of the orthodontic ligature. Thirteen patients were selected. Each quadrant was randomly subjected to one of the following ligature-use protocols: I) elastomeric chain, II) steel ligature crossed over the archwire, III) steel ligature crossed under the archwire, and IV) steel ligature in a figure-eight pattern under the archwire. After seven days, the devices were removed and the Streptococcus mutans colony-forming unit count per mg of biofilm weight was determined. Twelve specimens (n=3) were also processed for scanning electron microscopy analysis. ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test were used for comparisons to assess S. mutans differences between groups at a 5% significance level. There was no statistical difference in detectable levels of S. mutans among the groups (p=0.294). Scanning electron microscopy results showed abundant biofilms and microbial contamination in all groups. In conclusion, S. mutans contamination levels are similar in the different orthodontic ligatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Umekita Shirozaki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Tarcísio Lima Ferreira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mírian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Patrícia Aires
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Lourenço Romano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bagatin CR, Andrucioli MCD, Ferreira JTL, Matsumoto MAN, da Silva RAB, da Silva LAB, Romano FL, Nelson-Filho P. Biofilm formation in Haas palatal expanders with and without use of an antimicrobial agent: an in situ study. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 80:471-477. [PMID: 27935660 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Orthodontic appliances causes specific alterations in oral environment, including reduction of pH, increase of dental biofilm and elevation of salivary microbial levels, causing an increased risk for dental caries. This study evaluated, using microbial culture and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the in situ contamination by mutans streptococci (MS) of different surfaces of Haas palatal expanders with and without use of chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinses (CHX). Thirty-four patients were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 17/group), using placebo (Group I) and 0.12% CHX (Group II-Periogard® ) mouthrinses twice a week. After 4 months, appliances were submitted to microbiological processing and after fragments were analyzed by SEM. Mann-Whitney U test (α = 5%) was used to assess differences between groups on the appliances' different surfaces and to compare the contamination on the free and nonfree surfaces of these components. There was no difference (p = 0.999) between groups regarding the number of MS colonies/biofilms on the nonfree surfaces, which showed intense contamination. However, free surfaces of Group II presented less contamination (p < 0.001) than those of Group I in all appliances' components. Results of the microbial culture were confirmed by SEM. Use of 0.12% CHX was effective in reducing the formation of MS colonies/biofilms on free surfaces of Haas expanders, in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristhiane Ristum Bagatin
- Department of Pediatric Clinic School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Lea Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Clinic School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Lourenço Romano
- Department of Pediatric Clinic School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Clinic School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reilly C, Rasmussen K, Selberg T, Stevens J, Jones RS. Biofilm community diversity after exposure to 0·4% stannous fluoride gels. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1798-809. [PMID: 25263195 PMCID: PMC4664451 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To test the effect of 0·4% stannous fluoride (SnF2 ) glycerine-based gels on specific portions of the bacterial community in both a clinical observational study and in vitro multispecies plaque-derived (MSPD) biofilm model. METHODS AND RESULTS Potential changes to specific portions of the bacterial community were determined through the Human Oral Microbial Identification Microarray (HOMIM). Both the observational clinical study and the biofilm model showed that short-term use of 0·4% SnF2 gel has little effect on the bacterial community depicted by hierarchical cluster analysis. The amount of plaque accumulation on a subject's teeth, which was measured by plaque index scores, failed to show statistical significant changes over the two baselines or after treatment (P = 0·9928). The in vitro results were similar when examining the effect of 0·4% SnF2 gels on biofilm adherence through a crystal violet assay (P = 0·1157). CONCLUSIONS The bacteria within the dental biofilms showed resilience in maintaining the overall community diversity after exposure to 0·4% SnF2 topical gels. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The study supports that the immediate benefits of using 0·4% SnF2 gels in children may be strictly from fluoride ions inhibiting tooth demineralization rather than delivering substantial antimicrobial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cavan Reilly
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 7-546 Moos T, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Karin Rasmussen
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 6-150C Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Tieg Selberg
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 6-150C Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Justin Stevens
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 6-150C Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Robert S. Jones
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 6-150C Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Freitas AOA, Marquezan M, Nojima MDCG, Alviano DS, Maia LC. The influence of orthodontic fixed appliances on the oral microbiota: a systematic review. Dental Press J Orthod 2014; 19:46-55. [PMID: 24945514 PMCID: PMC4296609 DOI: 10.1590/2176-9451.19.2.046-055.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether there is scientific evidence to support the hypothesis that the presence of orthodontic fixed appliances influences the oral microbiota. METHODS The search for articles was conducted in PubMed; ISI Web of Knowledge and Ovid databases, including articles published in English until May 17th, 2012. They should report human observational studies presenting the following keywords: "fixed orthodontic appliance" AND "microbiological colonization"; OR "periodontal pathogens"; OR "Streptococcus"; OR "Lactobacillus"; OR "Candida"; OR "Tannerella forsythia"; OR "Treponema denticola"; OR "Fusobacterium nucleatum"; OR "Actimomyces actinomycetemcomitans"; OR "Prevotella intermedia"; OR "Prevotella nigrescens"; OR "Porphyromonas gingivalis". Articles were previously selected by title and abstract. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed and classified as having low, moderate or high methodology quality. A new detailed checklist for quality assessment was developed based on the information required for applicable data extraction for reviews. The study design, sample, follow-up period, collection and microbial analysis methods, statistical treatment, results and discussion were assessed. RESULTS The initial search retrieved 305 articles of which 33 articles were selected by title and abstract. After full-text reading, 8 articles met the inclusion criteria, out of which 4 articles were classified as having low and 4 as moderate methodological quality. The moderate methodological quality studies were included in the systematic review. CONCLUSIONS The literature revealed moderate evidence that the presence of fixed appliances influences the quantity and quality of oral microbiota.
Collapse
|
10
|
Baka ZM, Basciftci FA, Arslan U. Effects of 2 bracket and ligation types on plaque retention: a quantitative microbiologic analysis with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013; 144:260-7. [PMID: 23910207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of self-ligating brackets and conventional brackets ligated with stainless steel ligatures on dental plaque retention and microbial flora. METHODS Twenty boys (mean age, 14.2 ± 1.5 years) underwent bonding with self-ligating bracket systems and conventional standard edgewise bracket systems ligated with stainless steel ligatures with a split-mouth design. Clinical measurements, including plaque index, probing pocket depth, and bleeding on probing, were obtained before bonding, 1 week after bonding, and 3 months after bonding. Supragingival plaque samples were obtained at baseline and 3 months after bonding for the detection of bacteria. A quantitative analysis for Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus acidophilus was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Hotelling T(2) multivariate test were used for statistical comparisons of the groups. RESULTS The numbers of S mutans, S sobrinus, L casei, and L acidophilus were not statistically different between self-ligating brackets and conventional brackets ligated with stainless steel ligatures (P >0.05). The 2 archwire ligation techniques showed no statistically significant differences in plaque index, bleeding on probing, and probing pocket depth values of the bonded teeth (P >0.05). All clinical parameters and the numbers of all microorganisms showed statistically significant increases from baseline to 3 months after bonding in both groups (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Self-ligating brackets and conventional brackets ligated with stainless steel ligatures do not differ with regard to dental plaque retention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Müge Baka
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Srivastava K, Tikku T, Khanna R, Sachan K. Risk factors and management of white spot lesions in orthodontics. J Orthod Sci 2013; 2:43-9. [PMID: 24987641 PMCID: PMC4072374 DOI: 10.4103/2278-0203.115081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of white spot lesions or enamel demineralization around fixed orthodontic attachments is a common complication during and following fixed orthodontic treatment, which mars the result of a successfully completed case. This article is a contemporary review of the risk factors, preventive methods and fate of these orthodontics scars. The importance of excellent oral hygiene practice during fixed orthodontic treatment must be explained. Preventive programs must be emphasized to all orthodontic patients. Suggestions are offered in the literature for ways to prevent this condition from manifesting itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamna Srivastava
- Department of Orthodontics, BBDCODS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tripti Tikku
- Department of Orthodontics, BBDCODS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Khanna
- Department of Orthodontics, BBDCODS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kiran Sachan
- Department of Orthodontics, BBDCODS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Peixoto ITA, Enoki C, Ito IY, Matsumoto MAN, Nelson-Filho P. Evaluation of home disinfection protocols for acrylic baseplates of removable orthodontic appliances: A randomized clinical investigation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011; 140:51-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
13
|
Rodrigues CF, Sales LDAR, Vitral RWF, Fraga MR, Quintão CCA. Efeito da amarração em Ortodontia, com ligaduras elastoméricas e de aço inoxidável, na saúde periodontal. Dental Press J Orthod 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s2176-94512011000100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: o presente estudo avaliou clinicamente as condições periodontais de um grupo teste e um grupo controle utilizando-se os seguintes três sistemas de indexação periodontal: índice de biofilme, índice de sangramento e profundidade de sondagem. MÉTODOS: o grupo teste foi composto por 20 indivíduos com média etária de 13,5 anos, submetido ao tratamento ortodôntico fixo, que recebeu duas formas de ligaduras: a elastomérica e a de aço inoxidável. Os resultados foram comparados entre si e com um grupo controle, sem tratamento ortodôntico, composto de 15 indivíduos com média etária de 15,3 anos. As mensurações foram realizadas previamente ao tratamento ortodôntico (T1) e seis meses após a colocação do aparelho ortodôntico fixo (T2); e, no grupo controle, após seis meses da mensuração inicial (T2). Ambos os grupos foram orientados quanto à higiene bucal, segundo a técnica de Bass, antes do início do tratamento. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: os resultados das análises das faces dentárias demonstraram um aumento estatisticamente significativo nos índices de biofilme (P=0,000), sangramento gengival (P=0,000) e profundidade de sondagem (P=0,000), quando T1 e T2 e os grupos foram comparados; entretanto, não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as ligaduras elastoméricas e de aço inoxidável na avaliação desses índices periodontais.
Collapse
|
14
|
Low B, Lee W, Seneviratne CJ, Samaranayake LP, Hagg U. Ultrastructure and morphology of biofilms on thermoplastic orthodontic appliances in 'fast' and 'slow' plaque formers. Eur J Orthod 2010; 33:577-83. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjq126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
15
|
Gameiro GH, Nouer DF, Cenci MS, Cury JA. Enamel demineralization with two forms of archwire ligation investigated using an in situ caries model--a pilot study. Eur J Orthod 2009; 31:542-6. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjn119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
16
|
Alves de Souza R, Borges de Araújo Magnani MB, Nouer DF, Oliveira da Silva C, Klein MI, Sallum EA, Gonçalves RB. Periodontal and microbiologic evaluation of 2 methods of archwire ligation: ligature wires and elastomeric rings. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008; 134:506-12. [PMID: 18929268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2006] [Revised: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prophylactic programs to prevent dental biofilm accumulation must be implemented to minimize the risk for periodontal diseases in orthodontic patients. Therefore, we assessed the possible periodontal and microbiologic changes resulting from the use of 2 methods of orthodontic archwire ligation: elastomeric rings and steel ligatures. METHODS The following parameters were measured: plaque index, gingival bleeding index, probing depth, and biofilm samples from the maxillary second premolars and the mandibular lateral incisors were evaluated in 14 subjects without clinical signs of gingival inflammation before orthodontic appliance placement and after 6 months of treatment. Each orthodontic arch was fixed with elastomeric rings on 1 side of the midline, and steel ligatures were used on the opposite side. Polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to detect Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, and P nigrescens. RESULTS The elastomeric rings were associated with a higher score for plaque index and bleeding than steel ligatures, as well as many positive sites of T forsythia and P nigrescens (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Elastomeric rings favored these 2 periodontopathogens and harmed gingival conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Alves de Souza
- Department of Orthodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Magno AFF, Enoki C, Ito IY, Matsumoto MAN, Faria G, Nelson-Filho P. In-vivo evaluation of the contamination of Super Slick elastomeric rings by Streptococcus mutans in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008; 133:S104-9. [PMID: 18407016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2006] [Revised: 04/01/2006] [Accepted: 04/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated in vivo the contamination by Streptococcus mutans of Super Slick elastomeric rings (TP Orthodontics, LaPorte, Ind), manufactured with Metafasix technology (TP Orthodontics), using microbial culture and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). METHODS Twenty patients undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance therapy were selected. Super Slick elastomeric rings (n = 160) were tied to brackets on the right maxillary premolars or molars and left mandibular premolars or molars. Conventional elastomeric rings (n = 160) were tied to brackets on the contralateral premolars or molars with the same split-mouth design. After a 15-day intraoral period, 75 elastomeric rings of each type were retrieved, submitted to microbiologic processing, and cultured in bacitracin sucrose broth-selective enrichment broth culture media. The number of S mutans colonies or biofilms on the surface of the electrometric rings was counted by using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed statistically with the Wilcoxon nonparametric test at the 5% significance level. Four representative rings of each type were chosen for SEM analysis. RESULTS Statistical analysis by the Wilcoxon nonparametric test showed that the Super Slick elastomeric rings had statistically significant greater S mutans contamination than the conventional elastomeric rings (P <.0001). No formation of S mutans colonies or biofilms was observed in the elastomeric rings removed directly from their original packages. SEM micrographs showed fissures on the surface of Super Slick elastomeric rings. No fissures were found on conventional elastomeric rings. When the microbiologic culture was positive, S mutans bacterial biofilm was observed on both types of ligatures. CONCLUSIONS There was no clinical evidence that Super Slick elastomeric rings are effective in reducing bacterial biofilm formation on their surfaces, and a recommendation for their use in orthodontic therapy for that purpose is not justifiable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Fahning Ferreira Magno
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, Preventive and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rembowski Casaccia G, Gomes JC, Alviano DS, de Oliveira Ruellas AC, Sant' Anna EF. Microbiological evaluation of elastomeric chains. Angle Orthod 2007; 77:890-3. [PMID: 17685763 DOI: 10.2319/091106-367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate in vitro the surface of elastomeric chains of different manufacturers to verify the presence of pathogenic microorganisms at the moment of unpacking and analyze a possible inhibitory effect of the elastomeric chain when exposed to microorganisms of the oral cavity, for example, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, and Candida albicans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Elastomeric chains from Ortho-Organizers Inc, 3M Unitek, and Dental Morelli were placed in petri plates with brain heart infusion agar medium and in sterile test tubes with brain heart infusion broth. The samples were incubated at 37 degrees C and analyzed at 24 hours, 48 hours, 3 days, and 7 days. In addition, elastomeric chains from the three manufacturers were placed in dishes, inoculated with microorganisms, incubated at 37 degrees C, and analyzed after 24 and 72 hours. RESULTS No microorganism growth was detected after all incubation periods. No inhibition zones were identified surrounding the elastomeric chain. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the fabrication of elastomeric chain is in accordance with biohazard concepts. However, careful manipulation is necessary to avoid colonization of pathogenic microorganisms since the composition of the elastomeric chains analyzed do not include antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
|