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Horan OGA, Al-Khateeb SN. Comparison of three orthodontic bonding systems in white spot lesion development: a randomized clinical trial. Angle Orthod 2023; 93:531-537. [PMID: 37017436 PMCID: PMC10575644 DOI: 10.2319/111422-781.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the development of white spot lesions (WSLs) during fixed orthodontic therapy among a conventional three-step bonding system, a self-etching primer bonding system, and a one-step adhesive bonding system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-five patients were randomly allocated into three groups (group 1, conventional bonding system, n = 25; group 2, self-etch primer, n = 25; group 3, primer mixed with adhesive composite, n = 25). Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) was used to assess WSL parameters. Images were captured and then analyzed before treatment and at 2 months and 4 months after bond up. Lesion area (pixels), mean fluorescence loss (ΔF), and the number of newly developed WSLs were compared within and among the three groups. The significance level was P ≤ .05. RESULTS The mean increase in lesion area was 31.3 ± 2.8 pixels, 38.4 ± 4.3 pixels, and 119.5 ± 5.3 pixels for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P ≤ .001). For ΔF, the loss was 3.3% ± 0.3%, 4.4% ± 0.2%, and 6.6% ± 0.2% for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. These changes were significantly different (P ≤ .01 to P ≤ .001). The incidence of newly developed lesions was 9.5 WSLs in group 1, 10 WSLs in group 2, and 15.9 WSLs in group 3. CONCLUSIONS The lack of primer contributed to the development of a larger number of and more severe WSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan N Al-Khateeb
- Corresponding author: Dr Susan N. Al-Khateeb, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan (e-mail: )
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In vitro surface analysis of the brushing resistance of orthodontic sealants using two different profilometric evaluation methods. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16133. [PMID: 36167702 PMCID: PMC9515092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The enamel can be protected by applying orthodontic sealants at the bracket base to avoid the development of white spot lesions caused by inadequate oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical resistance of five commonly used orthodontic sealants against brushing in comparison to a positive group. Hydroxyapatite discs were bonded with a metal bracket and a piece of arch-wire was ligated in order to simulate a daily clinical situation (n = 48). Samples were divided into 6 groups of respectively 8 specimens. Sealants were applied around the bracket base according to manufacturer's instructions. Following sealants were used: Group 1: Pro Seal (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Illinois, USA); 2: Light Bond (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Illinois, USA); 3: ClinproXT Varnish (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany); 4: ProtectoCaF2 Nano (BonaDent GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany); 5: Fluor Protector and 6: Tetric EvoFlow (both Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan Liechtenstein). Tooth brushing were simulated for 6 weeks and 6 months with an electric toothbrush. The sealant thickness was measured by mechanical (MP) and optical profilometry (OP) at baseline, after 6 weeks and after 6 months of brushing. Statistical analysis was performed according to two mixed linear models and post hoc Tukey-Kramer comparisons. The significance level was set at 5% (α ≤ 0.05). Pro Seal (MP: 9%; OP: 22%) and Light Bond (MP: 19%; OP: 16%) showed the lowest changes in sealant thickness after 6 months of simulated brushing. ClinproXT Varnish and Tetric EvoFlow recorded no statistically significant results (p > 0.05). The fluoride varnishes ProtectoCaF2 Nano and Fluor Protector could not be conclusively evaluated since the thickness of the sealants could not be determined at baseline. The results of both evaluation methods MP and OP are in good agreement. Pro Seal and Light Bond were resistant against tooth brushing and were able to adequately keep the bracket environment sealed even after 6 months. The two different measuring methods, MP and OP, provide a precise impression of the changes in the surface.
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Al-Thomali Y. Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets after adding silver nanoparticles to a nano-bond adhesive at different thermal cycles and cyclic loading- An in vitro study. J Orthod Sci 2022; 11:28. [PMID: 35754430 PMCID: PMC9214447 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_183_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: MATERIALS AND METHODS: RESULTS: CONCLUSIONS:
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Koike S, Hamba H, Tagami J, Ono T. Effect of fluoride-releasing 4-META/MMA-TBB resin on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets: An in vitro µCT analysis. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:1243-1249. [PMID: 34121023 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of fluoride-releasing 4-META/MMA-TBB resin on the degree of enamel demineralization typically detected around orthodontic brackets using μCT. Enamel-dentin blocks were prepared from bovine teeth. Brackets were attached with either 4-META/MMA-TBB resin (SBC), fluoride-releasing 4-META/MMA-TBB resin (SBF), or fluoride-releasing RMGIC (FLC). The specimens were subjected to demineralization (pH 4.5, 21 days) and scanned by μCT (0, 7, and 21 days). Fluoride ion release under the experimental conditions was measured. The degree of demineralization detected in SBF and FLC was significantly lower than that in SBC; there were no significant differences in the degree of demineralization detected in SBF and FLC. The level of fluoride ion detected in FLC was significantly higher than that detected in SBC. Fluoride-releasing 4-META/MMA-TBB resin protected against enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets when compared to the results from the fluoride-free resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Koike
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Hidenori Hamba
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Effect of the Incorporation of Chitosan and TiO 2 Nanoparticles on the Shear Bond Strength of an Orthodontic Adhesive: An In Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/23202068211015447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This in vitro study was aimed to evaluate the effect of adding different concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) and TiO2 NPs on the shear bond strength (SBS) of an orthodontic adhesive. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 72 extracted human premolars were embedded in an acrylic resin and randomly allocated into four groups of 18 specimens. In group 1 (control), brackets were bonded to the tooth with the Transbond XT orthodontic adhesive. In groups 2, 3, and 4, 0.5% chitosan NPs and 0.5% TiO2 NPs, 1% chitosan NPs and 1% TiO2 NPs, and 1.5% chitosan NPs and 1.5% TiO2 NPs were added to Transbond XT, respectively. Then, the brackets were bonded by the modified adhesive. The SBS and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of each group were assessed with a universal testing machine. The SBS test results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the posthoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test. The Kruskal–Wallis test was also applied to evaluate the ARI scores. Results: The results showed no statistically significant difference between groups 1, 2, and 3, but SBS decreased significantly in group 4. With increasing the concentration of NPs up to 1% chitosan NPs and 1% TiO2 NPs, SBS did not change significantly. However, in 1.5% chitosan NPs and 1.5% TiO2 NPs, SBS decreased compared to the other three groups. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of ARI scores. Conclusion: It is concluded that the orthodontic composite containing 1% chitosan NPs and 1% TiO2 NPs has adequate SBS for use in the clinical setting.
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Mirhashemi A, Bahador A, Sodagar A, Pourhajibagher M, Amiri A, Gholamrezayi E. Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of nano-silver particles used in orthodontics fixed retainer composites: an experimental in-vitro study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2021; 15:87-93. [PMID: 34386178 PMCID: PMC8346710 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2021.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The present study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of composite resins containing nano-silver (NAg) particles used in fixed orthodontic retainers. Methods. Nano-composite resin samples with 1%, 2%, and 5% concentrations of NAg were prepared. The antimicrobial effectiveness of NAg was assessed against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus by the biofilm inhibition test (three-day-old biofilms), eluted components test (on days 3, 15, and 30), and disk-diffusion agar test after 48 hours. Measures of central tendency and index of dispersion were used to determine colony-forming units. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test were also used. Results. The biofilm inhibition test showed a significant decrease in the colonies of S. mutans (87.64%, 96.47%, and 99.76% decrease), S. sanguis (98.13%, 99.47%, and 99.93% decrease), and L. acidophilus (81.59%, 90.90%, and 99.61% decrease) at 1%, 2%, and 5% concentrations of Nag, respectively, compared to the control groups. The colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL of tested microorganisms continuously decreased with increased NAg concentration. In the eluted component test, no significant differences were noted in the 3rd, 15th, and 30th days between the different concentrations of Nag-containing composite resin disks and control samples. According to the disk-diffusion agar test, there was no growth inhibition zone for the composite resin disks containing 1% and 2% concentrations of Nag. However, the growth inhibition zone was seen with a 5% concentration, with a diameter of 9.5±0.71 mm for S. mutans, 8.5±0.71 mm for S. sanguis, and 8±1.41 for L. acidophilus. Conclusion. The incorporation of NAg into composite resins has antibacterial effects, possibly preventing dental caries around fixed orthodontic retainers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Mirhashemi
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentistry Faculty, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, Oral Microbiology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Sodagar
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentistry Faculty, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Amiri
- Dentist, General Practitioner, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Gholamrezayi
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentistry Faculty, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Optical analysis of the behavior of sealants under mechanical, thermal and chemical stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7655. [PMID: 33828215 PMCID: PMC8026620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Regarding their resistance five sealants were tested in vitro after experiencing mechanical, thermal and chemical stress. Included for testing were two fluoride varnishes: Fluor Protector [FP] (Ivoclar Vivadent) and Protecto CaF2 Nano One-Step Seal [PN] (BonaDent) and three fluoride-composite filled sealants (with acid etch technique): Clinpro XT Varnish [CP] (3 M Espe), Pro Seal [PS] & Light Bond [LB] (Reliance Orthodontic Products) and a positive control group [CG] Tetric EvoFlow (Ivoclar Vivadent). The sealants were applied on 180 bovine teeth (n = 10/ sealer) in a standardized manner after bracket bonding. Mechanical pressure and its effect by simulating different time points and standardized electric cleaning protocol was tested first. Followed by thermal burden due to varying thermal stress and thirdly change in pH stress imitating chemical exposure were examined separately. A digital microscope and a grid incisal and apical to the brackets (n = 32 fields) was used to standardize the optical analysis. Material loss due to mechanical stress compared to CG (score 0.00) was CP (1.2%), FP (21.5%), LB (22.2%) and PN (81.1%). No significant difference to CG presented PS. Material loss due to thermal stress was CP (0.5%), PS (2%), FP (2.6%), LB (3.1%) and PN (39.9%). Material loss due to chemical stress was FP (1.8%), PS (2.1%), LB (5.5%) and PN (39.6%). No significant difference to CG presented CP. Only PS and CP had optically provable, good resiliance to mechanical, thermal and chemical stress. Significantly poorer outcomes in particular showed PN.
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Bationo R, Rouamba A, Diarra A, Beugré‐Kouassi MLA, Beugré J, Jordana F. Cytotoxicity evaluation of dental and orthodontic light-cured composite resins. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:40-48. [PMID: 33103376 PMCID: PMC7853878 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of light-cured composite resins (Clearfil ES-2, Clearfil ES Flow, Filtek Supreme XTE, Grengloo, Blugloo, Transbond XT, and Transbond LR) then to assess leachable components in contact with human gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and to quantity detected bisphenol A (BPA). METHODS Light-cured composite resin discs were immersed for 24 hours in gingival fibroblastic medium (n = 3 for each product) and in control medium (n = 2 for each product) contained in plate. Cytotoxicity of the products (n = 95) was determined by the measure of cell viability using MTT assay after reading the optical densities of the plates. The analysis of leachable components was done by gas phase chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and detected BPA was quantified. The limit of quantification was 0.01 μg/mL. Statistical analyses were performed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests were applied. RESULTS Cell viabilities were between 85 and 90%. Many chemical compounds including triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and BPA were identified. The average concentrations were 0.67 μg/mL ± 0.84 in the control medium and 0.73 μg/mL ± 1.05 in the fibroblastic medium. Filtek Supreme XTE presented the highest concentration of BPA with 2.16 μg/mL ± 0.65 and Clearfil ES Flow presented the lowest with 0.25 μg/mL ± 0.35. No BPA was detected with Transbond XT and Transbond LR. Clearfil ES Flow, Filtek Supreme XTE, Grengloo and Transbond LR presented residual TEGDMA. CONCLUSIONS Light-cured composite resins are slightly cytotoxic opposite GFs and release many components including BPA and TEGDMA. Clinical precautions should be taken to decrease the release of these monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Bationo
- CHU de BogodogoOuagadougouBurkina Faso
- Université Félix Houphouët‐BoignyAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
| | - Ablassé Rouamba
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Chimie AppliquéesUniversité Joseph Ki‐ZerboOuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Abdoulaziz Diarra
- CHU de Tengandogo/UFR Sciences de la SantéUniversité Joseph Ki‐ZerboOuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Monique Lydie Ahia Beugré‐Kouassi
- Université Félix Houphouët‐BoignyAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
- Département d'Orthopédie Dento‐Faciale – UFR d'Odonto‐StomatologieAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
| | - Jean‐Bertin Beugré
- Université Félix Houphouët‐BoignyAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
- Département d'Orthopédie Dento‐Faciale – UFR d'Odonto‐StomatologieAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
| | - Fabienne Jordana
- Service d'Odontologie – CHU NantesUFR d'Odontologie de NantesNantesFrance
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Nagasaki R, Ishikawa R, Ito S, Saito T, Iijima M. Effects of polishing with paste containing surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer fillers on enamel remineralization after orthodontic bracket debonding. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:171-179. [PMID: 32869466 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) technology allows for the release of multiple ions. This study was performed to investigate the remineralization of etched enamel after removal of the bracket using a novel paste containing S-PRG filler. Surfaces of polished enamel were etched with phosphoric acid and then subdivided into two regions. Bracket bonding resin was thinly applied to one region. After 24-hr immersion in artificial saliva, the bonding resin on the enamel surfaces was removed by grinding with tungsten carbide bur at low-speed, followed by polishing with one of four different polishing systems: (a) nonfluoridated paste (NF); (b) fluoridated paste (F); (c) S-PRG filler-containing paste (S-PRG); or (d) nonfluoridated plus S-PRG filler-containing paste (NF + S-PRG) (n = 15). The polished specimens were then immersed in an artificial saliva solution for 7 days. Nanoindentation testing of enamel surfaces was performed and their mechanical properties were compared. Representative specimens were examined with scanning electron microscope. In all specimens, the mechanical properties of the enamel surfaces were markedly degraded by acid etching. However, the mechanical properties of both regions (etched and resin-infiltrated enamels) showed recovery after polishing and 7-day immersion. Polishing with NF + S-PRG paste led to significant recovery of mechanical properties compared to polishing with NF or S-PRG paste alone, and remineralization was equivalent to that seen with F paste. Porous etched enamel surfaces were filled with a remineralization layer after each polishing procedure and 7-day immersion in all polishing groups. Polishing using NF + S-PRG paste can facilitate enamel remineralization after bracket removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nagasaki
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Rina Ishikawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Shuich Ito
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iijima
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
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Synergetic Effect of 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine and Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles on Antibacterial and Anti-Demineralisation Properties in Orthodontic Bonding Agents. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071282. [PMID: 32629909 PMCID: PMC7407988 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) is known to have antibacterial and protein-repellent effects, whereas mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBN) are known to have remineralisation effects. We evaluated the antibacterial and remineralisation effects of mixing MPC and MBN at various ratios with orthodontic bonding agents. MPC and MBN were mixed in the following weight percentages in CharmFil-Flow (CF): CF, 3% MPC, 5% MPC, 3% MPC + 3% MBN, and 3% MPC + 5% MBN. As the content of MPC and MBN increased, the mechanical properties of the resin decreased. At 5% MPC, the mechanical properties decreased significantly with respect to CF (shear bond strength), gelation of MPC occurred, and no significant difference was observed in terms of protein adsorption compared to the control group. Composition 3% MPC + 5% MBN exhibited the lowest protein adsorption because the proportion of hydrophobic resin composite decreased; CF (91.8 ± 4.8 μg/mL), 3% MPC (73.9 ± 2.6 μg/mL), 3% MPC + 3% MBN (69.4 ± 3.6 μg/mL), and 3% MPC + 5% MBN (55.9 ± 1.6 μg/mL). In experiments against S. mutans and E. coli, addition of MPC and MBN resulted in significant antibacterial effects. In another experiment, the anti-demineralisation effect was improved when MPC was added, and when MBN was additionally added, it resulted in a synergetic effect. When MPC and MBN were added at an appropriate ratio to the orthodontic bonding agents, the protein-repellent, antibacterial, and anti-demineralisation effects were improved. This combination could thus be an alternative way of treating white spot lesions.
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Antibacterial activity and debonding force of different lingual retainers bonded with conventional composite and nanoparticle containing composite: An in vitro study. J World Fed Orthod 2020; 9:80-85. [PMID: 32672659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the antibacterial activity and debonding force of retainers bonded with conventional and nanoparticle (TiO2) containing composite. METHODOLOGY Antibacterial activity was tested against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus using disk agar diffusion, biofilm inhibition, and eluted components tests. For the eluted components test, colony counts of bacteria were tested on 0, 3, and 30 days. Three different retainers were bonded to the lingual surface of extracted lower incisors using conventional and 1% TiO2 composite. Samples were divided as follows: Group 1: 1a, stainless steel retainer (Bond-a-Braid) with conventional composite, and 1b, stainless steel retainer with nanoparticle composite; Group 2: 2a, titanium retainer with conventional composite, and 2b, titanium retainer with nanoparticle composite; Group 3: 3a, fiber-reinforced retainer (Interlig) with conventional composite, and 3b, fiber-reinforced retainer with nanoparticle composite. The Instron stereomicroscope was used to test debonding force and failure sites respectively. RESULTS In the disk agar diffusion test, TiO2 composite has shown more inhibition zones. Biofilm inhibition test showed a significant decrease in colony counts of both organisms in the TiO2 group. The eluted component test showed a significant decrease in colony counts from day 0 to day 30 in the TiO2 group compared with the control group. The highest debonding force was observed in stainless steel retainers with conventional composite, and lowest in fiber-reinforced composite retainers with TiO2 composite, with no significant difference in Adhesive Remnant Index scores. CONCLUSION The TiO2 composite group showed greater antibacterial activity without compromising the bond strength, which was statistically significant. Compared with other groups, stainless steel wires bonded with conventional composite showed the highest debonding force.
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Nam HJ, Kim YM, Kwon YH, Yoo KH, Yoon SY, Kim IR, Park BS, Son WS, Lee SM, Kim YI. Fluorinated Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles: Enamel Demineralization Prevention and Antibacterial Effect of Orthodontic Bonding Resin. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12111813. [PMID: 31167432 PMCID: PMC6600697 DOI: 10.3390/ma12111813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Orthodontic treatment involving the bonding of fixed appliances to tooth surfaces can cause white spot lesions (WSLs). WSLs increase the likelihood of cavity formation and hence require preservation and prosthetic restoration. Therefore, the prevention of WSLs is of greater importance than treatment. Application of fluoride or the use of fluoride-containing mouthwash can prevent WSLs, but this requires patient cooperation and additional time and cost. Bioactive glass containing 2.5% fluoride was synthesized and mixed with the orthodontic bonding adhesive Transbond XT Low Flow (LV) at ratios of 1, 3, and 5% to prepare orthodontic adhesive samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the samples. The Vickers hardness test, bracket retention test, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of the samples were analysed to determine their mechanical properties. To determine the biological cytotoxicity, the cell activity of the samples was evaluated using cell viability tests and the antibacterial activity was analysed using Streptococcus mutans. To evaluate the anti-demineralization effect, the sample was bonded to extracted teeth and a pH cycle test was performed. Micro computed tomography data were obtained from the bonded teeth and sample, and the anti-demineralization effect was evaluated using the ImageJ software program. The Vickers hardness of the sample was higher than that of LV and was dependent on the concentration of fluoride-containing bioactive glass (FBAG). The bracket retention test and ARI of the sample showed no significant differences from those of LV. The cell viability test showed no significant changes at 24 and 48 h after application of the sample. The fluoride ion release test indicated an ion release rate of 9.5–17.4 μg/cm2. The antibacterial activity of the experimental group containing FBAG was significantly higher than that of the LV group. The anti-demineralization test showed a concentration-dependent increase. However, the resin containing 5 mass% FBAG (FBAG5) showed a statistically-significant increase compared with LV. The orthodontic adhesive containing FBAG showed antibacterial and anti-demineralization effects, thus indicating possible WSL prevention activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Jin Nam
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - You-Min Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Yong Hoon Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Hyeon Yoo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Seog-Young Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - In-Ryoung Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Bong-Soo Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Woo-Sung Son
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Seung-Min Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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Enamel Surface Remineralization Effect by Fluorinated Graphite and Bioactive Glass-Containing Orthodontic Bonding Resin. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12081308. [PMID: 31013602 PMCID: PMC6515273 DOI: 10.3390/ma12081308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
All orthodontic appliances are potentially cariogenic. The plaque around the orthodontic appliance can make demineralization on tooth surface causing white spot lesion (WSL). The most effective method to prevent WSL is Fluoride appliance and gargling, but this requires patient cooperation, which consumes additional treatment time and cost. As suggested in this study, biomaterials like bioactive glass and fluorinated graphite (FGt) having antibacterial and anti-demineralization ability effective and easy to use in the clinic. To clinically use orthodontic bonding resins containing Graphite Fluoride BAG (FGtBAG), its properties, biological stability, antimicrobial activity, and remineralization effect must be verified. BAG was mixed with 2.5% FGt containing 51 to 61% fluorine. This mixture was mixed with the CharmFill Flow (CF) in the ratios of 1, 3, and 5 wt%. Microhardness and shear bond strength tests were performed to evaluate its mechanical properties. MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetra) assay was performed for evaluating its safety. Streptococcus mutans, which is major cariogen by producing lactic acid, was evaluated for antibacterial ability of reducing WSL. In addition, x-ray images were obtained by CBCT (Cone beam computed tomography) after a pH cycle. The remineralization effect was verified in vivo and by Image J. FGtBAG did not differ significantly from CF in mechanical tests. The MTT assay found no significant differences between the groups. The antibacterial activity of FGtBAG at 24 h and 48 h was significantly higher than that of CF. The fluoride release rate tended to increase with the FGtBAG content. The pH cycle results showed that FGtBAG had higher concentration-dependent remineralization effect than CF. The results of this study suggests that orthodontic resins containing FGtBAG can prevent WSL owing to their antibacterial activity and remineralization effect.
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Effectiveness of different preventive agents on initial occlusal and proximal caries lesions: A follow-up study. J Dent Sci 2019; 13:109-115. [PMID: 30895105 PMCID: PMC6388825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Monitoring the effects of different caries-preventive agents on initial caries lesions in orthodontic patients is important. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of different preventive methods in preventing occlusal and proximal incipient lesions (ILs) during fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods Forty-eight subjects at the beginning of fixed orthodontic treatment were included. All subjects were well educated and motivated to use the fluoride toothpaste (Colgate Total, 1450 ppm F) three times a day during the study period. Four different groups were created with a split-mouth design: placebo, fluoride gel, fluoride varnish, and chlorhexidine varnish. The occlusal surfaces of the second molar teeth were assessed with DIAGNOdent pen (DD) during the first 12 months (6th and 12th), and the proximal surfaces of each quadrant were monitored using bitewing radiographs until the 24th month (baseline and 24th month). Results The mean DD values increased in each group during the first 6 months compared to the baseline, but a significant increment was only obtained in the control and fluoride gel groups (p < 0.05). Fluoride and chlorhexidine varnish had significantly more preventive effects than the control and the fluoride gel for occlusal surfaces at the 6th and 12th month and for intact proximal surfaces at the 24th month, but no significant differences were found between the two varnish groups (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found between the four methods in terms of caries progression for proximal ILs after 24 months. Conclusion Effective toothbrushing with 1450 ppm fluoridated toothpaste and topical fluoride gel application seems to be inadequate for prevention of new proximal ILs during fixed orthodontic treatment. Fluoride and chlorhexidine varnish showed more protection in relation to occlusal surfaces.
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Xie X, Wang L, Xing D, Qi M, Li X, Sun J, Melo MAS, Weir MD, Oates TW, Bai Y, Xu HHK. Novel rechargeable calcium phosphate nanoparticle-filled dental cement. Dent Mater J 2018; 38:1-10. [PMID: 30504692 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objectives were to develop a novel rechargeable cement containing amorphous calcium-phosphate nanoparticles (nanoACP) to suppress tooth decay. Five cements were made with: (1) 60% glass particles (experimental control); (2) 40% glass+20% nanoACP; (3) 30% glass+30% nanoACP; (4) 20% glass+40% nanoACP; (5) 10% glass+50% nanoACP. Groups 1-4 had enamel bond strengths similar to Transbond XT (3M) and Vitremer (3M) (p>0.1). The nanoACP cement had calcium and phosphate ion release which increased with increasing nanoACP fillers. The recharged cement had substantial ion re-release continuously for 14 days after a single recharge. Ion re-release did not decrease with increasing recharge/re-release cycles. Groups 3-5 maintained a safe pH of medium (>5.5); however, control cements had cariogenic pH of medium (<4.5) due to biofilm acid. Therefore, nanoACP cement (1) had good bond strength to enamel, (2) possessed calcium and phosphate ion recharge/re-release capability, and (3) raised biofilm pH to a safe level to inhibit caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianju Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University.,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School.,VIP Integrated Department, Stomatological Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Dan Xing
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School.,Department of Dentistry, China Rehabilitation Research Center
| | - Manlin Qi
- VIP Integrated Department, Stomatological Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University
| | - Jirun Sun
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards & Technology
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School.,Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine
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16
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Meller C, Schott T. Integrity testing of a smooth surface resin sealant around orthodontic brackets using a new Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique (FIT). Angle Orthod 2018; 88:765-770. [PMID: 30004785 DOI: 10.2319/110217-748.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the integrity of a fluorescing resin-based sealant placed around orthodontic brackets using the Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique (FIT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standard brackets were bonded to the buccal surfaces of 17 extracted sound permanent premolar crowns sealed with ProSeal®. Specimens were thermocycled (20,000 cycles, 5-55°C), and toothbrushing was simulated using an electric toothbrush and artificial aqueous toothpaste slurry. Changes in the sealed area were measured after one, two, three, and four alternating thermocycling-brushing cycles simulating 2 years of wear. Digital images were captured applying FIT (405 nm) using a digital camera-equipped stereomicroscope. ImageJ was used to measure sealant integrity and loss. RESULTS: There was a time-dependent decrease in sealed areas by between 21% and 100% (mean 54%). The sealant lost its integrity immediately after the first cycle, and unfilled areas were observed in all samples. CONCLUSIONS: The analyzed sealant lost its integrity over time. Using the proposed FIT, sealed surfaces were easily verified and quantified.
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17
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Kim YM, Kim DH, Song CW, Yoon SY, Kim SY, Na HS, Chung J, Kim YI, Kwon YH. Antibacterial and remineralization effects of orthodontic bonding agents containing bioactive glass. Korean J Orthod 2018; 48:163-171. [PMID: 29732302 PMCID: PMC5932318 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2018.48.3.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical and biological properties of orthodontic bonding agents containing silver- or zinc-doped bioactive glass (BAG) and determine the antibacterial and remineralization effects of these agents. Methods BAG was synthesized using the alkali-mediated solgel method. Orthodontic bonding agents containing BAG were prepared by mixing BAG with flowable resin. Transbond™ XT (TXT) and Charmfil™ Flow (CF) were used as controls. Ion release, cytotoxicity, antibacterial properties, the shear bond strength, and the adhesive remnant index were evaluated. To assess the remineralization properties of BAG, micro-computed tomography was performed after pH cycling. Results The BAG-containing bonding agents showed no noticeable cytotoxicity and suppressed bacterial growth. When these bonding agents were used, demineralization after pH cycling began approximately 200 to 300 µm away from the bracket. On the other hand, when CF and TXT were used, all surfaces that were not covered by the adhesive were demineralized after pH cycling. Conclusions Our findings suggest that orthodontic bonding agents containing silver- or zinc-doped BAG have stronger antibacterial and remineralization effects compared with conventional orthodontic adhesives; thus, they are suitable for use in orthodontic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Min Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | | | - Chang Weon Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Seog-Young Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Se-Yeon Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hee Sam Na
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jin Chung
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.,Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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Coordes SL, Jost-Brinkmann PG, Präger TM, Bartzela T, Visel D, Jäcker T, Müller-Hartwich R. A comparison of different sealants preventing demineralization around brackets. J Orofac Orthop 2018; 79:49-56. [PMID: 29330611 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-017-0116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Aim of the study was to compare how six different sealants resisted thermal, mechanical, and chemical loading in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS In all, 120 extracted human, nondecayed molars were divided into six groups (20 samples each) and embedded in resin blocks. The buccal surfaces of the tooth samples were polished and divided into three areas. Area A contained the product to be analyzed, area B was covered with colorless nail varnish (negative control), and area C remained untreated (positive control). The samples were stored in 0.1% thymol solution. To simulate a 3-month thermomechanical load, the samples were subjected to thermal cycling and a cleaning device. After 7 days incubation in a ten Cate demineralization solution (pH value: 4.6), the samples were dissected using a band saw and the lesion depths and demineralization areas were evaluated and compared microscopically. RESULTS The tooth surfaces treated with PRO SEAL® showed no demineralization. Mean lesion depths of 108.1, 119.9, 154.9, 149.2, and 184.5 μm were found with Alpha-Glaze®, Seal&Protect®, Tiefenfluorid®, Protecto®, and Fluor Protector, respectively. There was a significant difference between PRO SEAL® and the other products (p > 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the other products. CONCLUSION PRO SEAL® resisted thermal, mechanical, and chemical loading in vitro, providing protection against white spot lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Louise Coordes
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Paul-Georg Jost-Brinkmann
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Michael Präger
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theodosia Bartzela
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Visel
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theresa Jäcker
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Müller-Hartwich
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
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Remineralization Property of an Orthodontic Primer Containing a Bioactive Glass with Silver and Zinc. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10111253. [PMID: 29088092 PMCID: PMC5706200 DOI: 10.3390/ma10111253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
White spot lesions (WSLs) are irreversible damages in orthodontic treatment due to excessive etching or demineralization by microorganisms. In this study, we conducted a mechanical and cell viability test to examine the antibacterial properties of 0.2% and 1% bioactive glass (BAG) and silver-doped and zinc-doped BAGs in a primer and evaluated their clinical applicability to prevent WSLs. The microhardness statistically significantly increased in the adhesive-containing BAG, while the other samples showed no statistically significant difference compared with the control group. The shear bond strength of all samples increased compared with that of the control group. The cell viability of the control and sample groups was similar within 24 h, but decreased slightly over 48 h. All samples showed antibacterial properties. Regarding remineralization property, the group containing 0.2% of the samples showed remineralization properties compared with the control group, but was not statistically significant; further, the group containing 1% of the samples showed a significant difference compared with the control group. Among them, the orthodontic bonding primer containing 1% silver-doped BAG showed the highest remineralization property. The new orthodontic bonding primer used in this study showed an antimicrobial effect, chemical remineralization effect, and WSL prevention as well as clinically applicable properties, both physically and biologically.
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20
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Oz AZ, Oz AA, Yazıcıoglu S. In vivo effect of antibacterial and fluoride-releasing adhesives on enamel demineralization around brackets: A micro-CT study. Angle Orthod 2017; 87:841-846. [PMID: 28906138 DOI: 10.2319/060217-371.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vivo study was to investigate the preventive effect of two different adhesives on enamel demineralization and compare these adhesives with a conventional one. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen patients requiring the extraction of their first four premolars for orthodontic treatment were included in the study. One premolar was randomly selected, and an antibacterial monomer-containing and fluoride-releasing adhesive (Clearfil Protect Bond, Kuraray Medical, Okayama, Japan) was used for orthodontic bracket bonding. Another premolar was randomly selected, and a fluoride-releasing and recharging orthodontic adhesive (Opal Seal, Ultradent Products, South Jordan, Utah) was used. One premolar was assigned as a control, and a conventional adhesive (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) was used. The teeth were extracted after 8 weeks, and the demineralization areas of the 45 extracted teeth were analyzed using microcomputed tomography with software. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the white spot lesion (WSL) rates of the adhesives (P > .05). The volumes of the WSLs varied from 0 to 0.019349 mm3. Although Opal Seal showed the smallest lesion volumes, there was no significant difference in volumetric measurements of the lesions among the groups (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated no significant differences between the preventive effects of the adhesives used in this in vivo study over 8 weeks.
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Miyajima H, Ishimoto T, Ma S, Chen J, Nakano T, Imazato S. In vitro assessment of a calcium-fluoroaluminosilicate glass-based desensitizer for the prevention of root surface demineralization. Dent Mater J 2017; 35:399-407. [PMID: 27251995 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2015-273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of a calcium-fluoroaluminosilicate glass-based desensitizer (Nanoseal) to protect against root demineralization in vitro. Nanoseal was applied to human root dentin, which was immersed in acidic buffer for 72 h, or exposed to pH cycling by immersing in distilled water or mineralizing solution for 24 h intermediately during 48 h-acid attack. Demineralization was evaluated by μ-CT, and mineral loss (ML) and lesion depth (LD) were determined from mineral density profiles. ML and LD in all treatment groups were significantly smaller compared with control. The Nanoseal-treated group with pH cycling using mineralizing solution had the lowest ML and LD. Analysis using an EPMA demonstrated calcium and phosphorous were incorporated into the superficial layer of specimens in the Nanoseal-treated groups, suggesting Nanoseal modified the dentin surface, making it resistant to demineralization. Application of Nanoseal is an effective method for protecting root from demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Miyajima
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
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Iijima M, Kawaguchi K, Kawamura N, Ito S, Saito T, Mizoguchi I. The effects of single application of pastes containing ion-releasing particles on enamel demineralization. Dent Mater J 2017; 36:461-468. [PMID: 28367912 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated single application of pastes containing a surface reaction-type pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler on enamel demineralization. Human enamel blocks were polished using pastes containing S-PRG filler (0, 5, and 30%) and immersed in demineralizing solution for 5 days with daily change of solutions. The pH measurement and nanoindentation testing was carried out during the immersion period, and the enamel surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. A non-fluoride paste and a hydroxyapatite-containing paste were used for comparison. The specimens polished with the S-PRG filler-containing paste exhibited acid-neutralizing properties, which became stronger with an increasing S-PRG filler content. Following immersion in the demineralizing solution, specimens polished with the S-PRG filler-containing paste exhibited significantly greater hardness and elastic modulus values than those polished with the other pastes and exhibited a smoother surface than did the other specimens. Pastes containing S-PRG filler inhibits the demineralization of enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Iijima
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Kyotaro Kawaguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Naohiko Kawamura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Shuichi Ito
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Takashi Saito
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Itaru Mizoguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES White spot lesions due to biofilm acid-induced enamel demineralization are prevalent in orthodontic treatments. The aim of this study was to develop a novel bioactive multifunctional cement with protein-repellent, antibacterial and remineralizing capabilities, and investigate the effects on enamel hardness and lesion depth in vitro for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) were incorporated into a resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI). Extracted human premolars had brackets bonded via four groups: (1) Transbond XT (TB), (2) RMGI (GC Ortho LC), (3) RMGI+MPC+DMAHDM, (4) RMGI+MPC+DMAHDM+NACP. Demineralization was induced via a dental plaque microcosm biofilm model. Samples were tested using polarized light microscopy (PLM) for lesion depth. Enamel hardness was tested for different groups. RESULTS Incorporating MPC, DMAHDM and NACP did not affect enamel bond strength. "RMGI+MPC+DMAHDM+NACP" group had the least lesion depth in enamel (p<0.05). Groups with NACP had the highest enamel hardness (p<0.05). Mineral loss (ΔS) in enamel for NACP group was about one third that for RMGI control. "RMGI+MPC+DMAHDM" had greater effect on demineralization-inhibition, compared to RMGI and TB controls. "RMGI+MPC+DMAHDM+NACP" was more effective in protecting enamel prisms from dissolution by biofilm acids, compared to RMGI and TB control groups. CONCLUSION The Novel "RMGI+MPC+DMAHDM+NACP" cement substantially reduced enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets, yielding much less lesion depth and greater enamel hardness under biofilm acid attacks than commercial controls. The clinical significance is that the novel multi-agent (RMGI+MPC+DMAHDM+NACP) method is promising for a wide range of preventive and restorative applications to combat caries.
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SILVA SRD, SILVA LAHD, BASTING RT, LIMA-ARSATI YBDO. Evaluation of the anti-cariogenic potential and bond strength to enamel of different fluoridated materials used for bracket bonding. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.06716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective To evaluate the in vitro and in situ anti-cariogenic potential and bond strength to enamel of materials containing fluoride (F), used for bracket bonding: Transbond XT (GT, negative control), Transbond Plus Color Change (GTF), Transbond-Self-Etching Primer (GSAF) and Vitremer (GV, positive control). Material and method In the in vitro study, the specimens were premolars with bonded brackets (n=12/group). After pH cycling, the F release, bond strength, fracture mode and presence of white spot lesions were assessed. In the in situ study, the specimens were enamel fragments with bonded brackets (n=12/group). Twelve volunteers wore palatal appliances in 4 phases, with cariogenic challenge. Bond strength, fracture mode and change in surface hardness (%SH) were determined. Result Relative to the in vitro study, F release (ppm) was: GT=0.257±0.068c; GTF=0.634±0.100b; GSAF=0.630±0.067b; GV=2.796±1.414a. Only GV showed no white spot lesions. Bond strength values (MPa) were GT=7.62±7.18a; GTF=5.15±6.91ab; GSAF=3.42±2.97bc; GV=2.87±2.09c. Adhesive fracture was the most frequent type, except for GTF. In the in situ study, %SH was: GT=-56.0±18.3a; GTF=-57.6±11.9a; GSAF=-57.1±11.3a; GV=-52.4±25.8a. Bond strength values were GT=9.5±4.4a; GTF=11.1±5.9a; GSAF=13.2± 6.6a; GV=6.6±4.0a. Cohesive fracture in material was the most frequent type, except for GTF. Conclusion Vitremer (GV) showed the highest anti-cariogenic potential in the in vitro study. However, it was not confirmed by the in situ study. Regarding bond strength values from the in situ study, all materials were shown to be adequate for clinical practice.
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Kawamura N, Iijima M, Ito S, Brantley WA, Alapati SB, Muguruma T, Kawaguchi K, Saito T, Mizoguchi I. Wear characteristics and inhibition of enamel demineralization by resin-based coating materials. Eur J Oral Sci 2017; 125:160-167. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naohiko Kawamura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics; Department of Oral Growth and Development; School of Dentistry; Health Sciences University of Hokkaido; Hokkaido Japan
| | - Masahiro Iijima
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics; Department of Oral Growth and Development; School of Dentistry; Health Sciences University of Hokkaido; Hokkaido Japan
| | - Shuich Ito
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology; Department of Oral Rehabilitation; Health Sciences University of Hokkaido; Hokkaido Japan
| | - William A. Brantley
- Division of Restorative Science and Prosthodontics; College of Dentistry; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Satish B. Alapati
- Department of Endodontics; College of Dentistry; University of Illinois; Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Takeshi Muguruma
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics; Department of Oral Growth and Development; School of Dentistry; Health Sciences University of Hokkaido; Hokkaido Japan
| | - Kyotaro Kawaguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics; Department of Oral Growth and Development; School of Dentistry; Health Sciences University of Hokkaido; Hokkaido Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology; Department of Oral Rehabilitation; Health Sciences University of Hokkaido; Hokkaido Japan
| | - Itaru Mizoguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics; Department of Oral Growth and Development; School of Dentistry; Health Sciences University of Hokkaido; Hokkaido Japan
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KARABEKİROĞLU S, ÜNLÜ N, KÜÇÜKYILMAZ E, ŞENER S, BOTSALI MS, MALKOÇ S. Treatment of post-orthodontic white spot lesions with CPP-ACP paste: A three year follow up study. Dent Mater J 2017; 36:791-797. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nimet ÜNLÜ
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University
| | - Ebru KÜÇÜKYILMAZ
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, İzmir Katip Celebi University
| | - Sevgi ŞENER
- Department of Oral Radiology, Necmettin Erbakan University
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Effect of 3 cements on white spot lesion formation after full-coverage rapid maxillary expander: A comparative in-vivo study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016; 150:1005-1013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Novel rechargeable calcium phosphate nanoparticle-containing orthodontic cement. Int J Oral Sci 2016; 9:24-32. [PMID: 27811847 PMCID: PMC5379158 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2016.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
White spot lesions (WSLs), due to enamel demineralization, occur frequently in orthodontic treatment. We recently developed a novel rechargeable dental composite containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) with long-term calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion release and caries-inhibiting capability. The objectives of this study were to develop the first NACP-rechargeable orthodontic cement and investigate the effects of recharge duration and frequency on the efficacy of ion re-release. The rechargeable cement consisted of pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM) and ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA). NACP was mixed into the resin at 40% by mass. Specimens were tested for orthodontic bracket shear bond strength (SBS) to enamel, Ca and P ion initial release, recharge and re-release. The new orthodontic cement exhibited an SBS similar to commercial orthodontic cement without CaP release (P>0.1). Specimens after one recharge treatment (e.g., 1 min immersion in recharge solution repeating three times in one day, referred to as “1 min 3 times”) exhibited a substantial and continuous re-release of Ca and P ions for 14 days without further recharge. The ion re-release did not decrease with increasing the number of recharge/re-release cycles (P>0.1). The ion re-release concentrations at 14 days versus various recharge treatments were as follows: 1 min 3 times>3 min 2 times>1 min 2 times>6 min 1 time>3 min 1 time>1 min 1 time. In conclusion, although previous studies have shown that NACP nanocomposite remineralized tooth lesions and inhibited caries, the present study developed the first orthodontic cement with Ca and P ion recharge and long-term release capability. This NACP-rechargeable orthodontic cement is a promising therapy to inhibit enamel demineralization and WSLs around orthodontic brackets.
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Wang X, Wang B, Wang Y. Antibacterial orthodontic cement to combat biofilm and white spot lesions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016; 148:974-81. [PMID: 26672703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION White spot lesions are an undesired side effect of fixed orthodontic treatment. The objective of this research was to develop an antibacterial resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) containing nanoparticles of silver (NAg) for prevention of white spot lesions. METHODS NAg was incorporated into a commercial RMGIC. The NAg-enhanced cement was compared with the unaltered RMGIC and with a commercially available composite that does not release fluoride. The experimental and control products were used to bond brackets to 80 extracted maxillary first premolars. Enamel shear bond strength and the adhesive remnant index scores were determined. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model with human saliva as the inoculum was used to investigate biofilm viability. Bacteria on the sample surface and bacteria in the culture medium away from the sample surface were tested for metabolic activity, colony-forming units, and lactic acid production. RESULTS Adding NAg to RMGIC and aging in water for 30 days did not adversely affect the shear bond strength compared with the commercial RMGIC control (P >0.1). The RMGIC with 0.1% NAg achieved the greatest reductions in colony-forming units, metabolic activity, and lactic acid production. The RMGIC with 0.1% NAg inhibited not only the bacteria on the surface, but also the bacteria away from the surface in the culture medium. Incorporation of NAg into RMGIC greatly reduced biofilm activity. CONCLUSIONS This novel RMGIC reduced biofilm formation and plaque buildup and could inhibit white spot lesions around brackets. The method of using NAg may apply in a wide range of dental adhesives, cements, sealants, and composites to inhibit biofilm and caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- Resident, Division of Dentistry, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bianhong Wang
- Resident, Division of Dentistry, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Resident, Division of Dentistry, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Alsayed EZ, Hariri I, Nakashima S, Shimada Y, Bakhsh TA, Tagami J, Sadr A. Effects of coating materials on nanoindentation hardness of enamel and adjacent areas. Dent Mater 2016; 32:807-16. [PMID: 27063457 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Materials that can be applied as thin coatings and actively release fluoride or other bioavailable ions for reinforcing dental hard tissue deserve further investigation. In this study we assessed the potential of resin coating materials in protection of underlying and adjacent enamel against demineralization challenge using nanoindentation. METHODS Enamel was coated using Giomer (PRG Barrier Coat, PBC), resin-modified glass-ionomer (Clinpro XT Varnish, CXT), two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Protect, SEP) or no coating (control). After 5000 thermal cycles and one-week demineralization challenge, Martens hardness of enamel beneath the coating, uncoated area and intermediate areas was measured using a Berkovich tip under 2mN load up to 200μm depth. Integrated hardness and 10-μm surface zone hardness were compared among groups. RESULTS Nanoindentation and scanning electron microscopy suggested that all materials effectively prevented demineralization in coated area. Uncoated areas presented different hardness trends; PBC showed a remarkable peak at the surface zone before reaching as low as the control, while CXT showed relatively high hardness values at all depths. SIGNIFICANCE Ion-release from coating materials affects different layers of enamel. Coatings with fluoride-releasing glass fillers contributed to reinforcement of adjacent enamel. Surface prereacted glass filler-containing PBC superficially protected neighboring enamel against demineralization, while resin-modified glass-ionomer with calcium (CXT) improved in-depth protection. Cross-sectional hardness mapping of enamel on a wide range of locations revealed minute differences in its structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Z Alsayed
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; Yanbu Dental Center, Saudi Ministry of Health, Al-Madina Health Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ilnaz Hariri
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Syozi Nakashima
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Turki A Bakhsh
- King Abdulaziz University, Conservative Dental Sciences, P.O. Box 114759, Jeddah 21381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Junji Tagami
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Alireza Sadr
- University of Washington School of Dentistry, 1959 NE Pacific St. B162, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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Çokakoğlu S, Nalçacı R, Üşümez S, Malkoç S. Effects of Different Combinations of Er:YAG Laser-Adhesives on Enamel Demineralization and Bracket Bond Strength. Photomed Laser Surg 2016; 34:164-70. [PMID: 26987047 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.4041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the demineralization around brackets and shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets bonded to Er:YAG laser-irradiated enamel at different power settings with various adhesive systems combinations. METHODS A total of 108 premolar teeth were used in this study. Teeth were assigned into three groups according to the etching procedure, then each group divided into three subgroups based on the application of different adhesive systems. There were a total of nine groups as follows. Group 1: Acid + Transbond XT Primer; group 2: Er:YAG (100 mJ, 10 Hz) etching + Transbond XT Primer; group 3: Er:YAG (200 mJ, 10 Hz) etching + Transbond XT Primer; group 4: Transbond Plus self-etching primer (SEP); group 5: Er:YAG (100 mJ, 10 Hz) etching + Transbond Plus SEP; group 6: Er:YAG (200 mJ, 10 Hz) etching + Transbond Plus SEP; group 7: Clearfil Protect Bond; group 8: Er:YAG (100 mJ, 10 Hz) etching + Clearfil Protect Bond; group 9: Er:YAG (200 mJ, 10 Hz) etching + Clearfil Protect Bond. Brackets were bonded with Transbond XT Adhesive Paste in all groups. Teeth to be evaluated for demineralization and SBS were exposed to pH and thermal cyclings, respectively. Then, demineralization samples were scanned with micro-CT to determine lesion depth values. For SBS test, a universal testing machine was used and adhesive remnant was index scored after debonding. Data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS No significant differences were found among the lesion depth values of the various groups, except for G7 and G8, in which the lowest values were recorded. The lowest SBS values were in G7, whereas the highest were in G9. The differences between the other groups were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Er:YAG laser did not have a positive effect on prevention of enamel demineralization. When two step self-etch adhesive is preferred for bonding brackets, laser etching at 1 W (100 mJ, 10 Hz) is suggested to improve SBS of brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serpil Çokakoğlu
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ruhi Nalçacı
- 2 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Serdar Üşümez
- 3 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sıddık Malkoç
- 4 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
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Paschos E, Geiger FJ, Malyk Y, Rudzki I, Wichelhaus A, Ilie N. Efficacy of four preventive measures against enamel demineralization at the bracket periphery—comparison of microhardness and confocal laser microscopy analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1355-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zhang N, Chen C, Weir MD, Bai Y, Xu HHK. Antibacterial and protein-repellent orthodontic cement to combat biofilms and white spot lesions. J Dent 2015; 43:1529-38. [PMID: 26427311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES White spot lesions are the most undesired side-effect of fixed orthodontic treatments. The objectives of this study were to combine nanoparticles of silver (NAg) with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) to develop a modified resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI) as orthodontic cement with double benefits of antibacterial and protein-repellent capabilities for the first time. METHODS NAg and MPC were incorporated into a commercial RMGI. Another commercial orthodontic adhesive also served as control. Enamel shear bond strengths (SBS) were determined. Protein adsorption was measured via a micro bicinchoninic acid method. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model with human saliva as inoculum was tested. Biofilms adherent on the cement samples and planktonic bacteria in the culture medium away from the cement surfaces were both evaluated for bacterial metabolic activity, colony-forming units (CFU), and lactic acid production. RESULTS Adding 0.1% NAg and 3% MPC to RMGI, and water-aging for 30 days, did not adversely affect the SBS, compared to the unmodified RMGI control (p>0.1). The modified RMGI containing 0.1% NAg and 3% MPC achieved the greatest reduction in protein adsorption, bacterial adhesion, CFU, metabolic activity and lactic acid production. The RMGI containing 0.1% NAg and 3% MPC inhibited not only the bacteria on its surface, but also the bacteria away from the surface in the culture medium. CONCLUSIONS The incorporation of double agents (antibacterial NAg+protein-repellent MPC) into RMGI achieved much stronger inhibition of biofilms than using each agent alone. The novel antibacterial and protein-repellent RMGI with substantially-reduced biofilm acids is promising as an orthodontic cement to combat white spot lesions in enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
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Iijima M, Hashimoto M, Kohda N, Nakagaki S, Muguruma T, Endo K, Mizoguchi I. Crystal growth on bioactive glass sputter-coated alumina in artificial saliva. Dent Mater J 2015; 32:775-80. [PMID: 24088833 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2013-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a bioactive glass was deposited on the alumina disk specimens by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering to study crystal formation ability in artificial saliva. Bioactive glass-coated specimens were immersed in artificial saliva for 1 week and 6 months. The specimens were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the composition was determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The crystals that formed on the specimens were analyzed by Raman spectroscopic analysis and Micro-X-ray diffraction. SEM photomicrographs showed the formation of needle-like structures after immersion for 1 week, and tabular structures formed on the surface of the specimen for 6 months. EDS showed that both the needle-like and tabular structures were enriched with Ca and P. Raman and Micro-XRD spectra for the tabular structure showed peaks that may correspond to calcium phosphate. Thus, when immersed in artificial saliva, bioactive glass-coated alumina produced a crystal which might be calcium phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Iijima
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
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Effects of different orthodontic primers on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. J Orofac Orthop 2015; 76:421-30. [PMID: 26250454 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-015-0304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of one self-etching and two filled orthodontic primers on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. METHODS Brackets were bonded to 84 bovine teeth and the vestibular enamel surfaces covered with acid-resistant nail varnish exposing 1 mm of space on each side of the bracket base. The teeth were allocated to four groups, using either Transbond XT conventional primer on etched enamel (group 1), Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer on untreated enamel (group 2), Pro Seal filled resin primer on etched enamel (group 3), or Opal Seal filled resin primer on etched enamel (group 4). Each tooth was subjected to 15,000 strokes of brushing followed by exposure to an acid challenge. Calcium-ion release from each sample was calculated using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and a post hoc Tukey test. Differences were considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were observed between the four groups (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the controls (group 1) and the Opal Seal group. Higher calcium release was observed in the Pro Seal group and the self-etching primer group compared to the controls. The highest calcium release was recorded in the self-etching primer group. CONCLUSION Filled sealants may not have a protective effect against enamel demineralization. Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer should be used cautiously, considering the risk of demineralization involved in its application.
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Montasser MA, El-Wassefy NA, Taha M. In vitro study of the potential protection of sound enamel against demineralization. Prog Orthod 2015; 16:12. [PMID: 26061985 PMCID: PMC4440871 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-015-0080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to study the potential protection effect of different treatments against sound enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Methods This is an in vitro randomized controlled study; artificial enamel demineralization of human premolars was created and compared with reference to control. The three materials used for enamel treatment were resin infiltrate (ICON), fluoridated varnish (Clinpro), and the self-etch primer system (Transbond Plus Self-Etch Primer). Fifty premolars divided equally into five groups were included in the study for quantitative surface micro-hardness assessment using a micro-hardness tester (MHT). Qualitative assessment of the enamel demineralization with a polarized light microscope (PLM) was also used. Enamel was demineralized by subjecting the specimens to cycling between artificial saliva solution and a demineralizing solution for 21 days. Results The mean Vickers hardness in kgf/mm2 was as follows: intact enamel = 352.5 ± 13.8, demineralized enamel = 301.6 ± 34.0, enamel treated with Clinpro = 333.6 ± 18.0, enamel treated with SEP = 370.7 ± 38.8, and enamel treated with ICON = 380.5 ± 53.8. Conclusions ICON, Clinpro, and Transbond Plus Self-Etch Primer (TPSEP) increased enamel resistance to demineralization. Attempting to protect the enamel around the orthodontic brackets could be done by applying a preventive material before bonding, if not compromising the bond strength, the orthodontic brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Montasser
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry 35516, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt,
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Zhang N, Zhang K, Melo MAS, Chen C, Fouad AF, Bai Y, Xu HHK. Novel protein-repellent and biofilm-repellent orthodontic cement containing 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:949-59. [PMID: 25970092 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to develop the first protein-repellent resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI) by incorporating 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) for orthodontic applications, and to investigate the MPC effects on protein adsorption, biofilm growth, and enamel bond strength. MPC was incorporated into RMGI at 0% (control), 1.5%, 3%, and 5% by mass. Specimens were stored in water at 37°C for 1 and 30 days. Enamel shear bond strength (SBS) was measured, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were assessed. Protein adsorption onto the specimens was determined by a micro bicinchoninic acid method. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model with human saliva as inoculum was used. The results showed that adding 3% of MPC into RMGI did not significantly reduce the SBS (p > 0.1). There was no significant loss in SBS for RMGI containing 3% MPC after water-aging for 30 days, as compared to 1 day (p > 0.1). RMGI with 3% MPC had protein adsorption that was 1/10 that of control. RMGI with 3% MPC greatly reduced the bacterial adhesion, and lactic acid production and colony-forming units of biofilms, while substantially increasing the medium solution pH containing biofilms. The protein-repellent and biofilm-repellent effects were not decreased after water-aging for 30 days. In conclusion, the MPC-containing RMGI is promising to reduce biofilms and white spot lesions without compromising orthodontic bracket-enamel bond strength. The novel protein-repellent method may have applicability to other orthodontic cements, dental composites, adhesives, sealants, and cements to repel proteins and biofilms. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 949-959, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Chen Chen
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ashraf F Fouad
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201.,Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Maryland, 21250
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ALSAYED EZ, HARIRI I, SADR A, NAKASHIMA S, BAKHSH TA, SHIMADA Y, SUMI Y, TAGAMI J. Optical coherence tomography for evaluation of enamel and protective coatings. Dent Mater J 2015; 34:98-107. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2014-215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Z. ALSAYED
- Yanbu Dental Center, Saudi Ministry of Health, Al-Madina Health Region
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department and Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program
| | - Ilnaz HARIRI
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department
| | - Alireza SADR
- University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, International Exchange Center and Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department
| | - Syozi NAKASHIMA
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department
| | | | - Yasushi SHIMADA
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department
| | - Yasunori SUMI
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department for Advanced Dental Research, Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases
| | - Junji TAGAMI
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department
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Yetkiner E, Wegehaupt FJ, Attin R, Wiegand A, Attin T. Stability of two resin combinations used as sealants against toothbrush abrasion and acid challenge in vitro. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:825-30. [PMID: 24850503 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.913197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the stability of two conventional adhesives when combined with a low-viscosity caries infiltrant used for sealing sound enamel against toothbrush abrasion and acid challenge in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine enamel discs (Ø = 3 mm) randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10/group) were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 s and treated with resins of different monomer contents forming three test groups: (1) Untreated specimens (Control); (2) Infiltrant (Icon, DMG) + conventional enamel bonding adhesive (Heliobond, Ivoclar Vivadent); and (3) Infiltrant + conventional orthodontic adhesive (Transbond XT Primer, 3M Unitek). All specimens were immersed in hydrochloric acid (pH 2.6) for up to 9 days, during which they were exposed to 1825 toothbrush-strokes per day. Calcium dissolution was assessed using Arsenazo III method at 24-h intervals. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests. RESULTS Cumulative calcium dissolution for the untreated specimens (39.75 ± 7.32 μmol/ml) exceeded the sealed groups (Icon + Heliobond: 23.44 ± 7.03 μmol/ml; Icon + Transbond XT Primer: 22.17 ± 5.34 μmol/ml). Untreated specimens presented a relatively constant calcium dissolution rate throughout the experimental period, whereas the sealed groups presented a gradual increase indicating weakening of the seal by toothbrush abrasion. Both sealed groups presented significantly lower daily calcium dissolution at all time points compared to the control, except for Group 2 on the last measurement day. CONCLUSIONS Low-viscosity caries infiltrant application on sound enamel prior to conventional resin application provided a protective effect against enamel demineralization, but this effect was not stable when challenged mechanically by toothbrush abrasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enver Yetkiner
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Ege , Izmir , Turkey
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Demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets after application of conventional and self-etching primer systems. J Orofac Orthop 2014; 75:358-73. [PMID: 25158949 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-014-0233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this work was to compare the demineralization of enamel associated with two different self-etching primers and traditional acid etching. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 15 volunteers (23-32 years, 8 male and 7 female) were provided with a removable archwire/resin appliance to be worn 20 h/day for 28 days. The device was attached to the mandibular posterior teeth and included samples of human enamel (from extracted third molars) located in both posterior vestibules. Both sides featured the same distribution of samples, including one untreated control sample (group A) and three samples with brackets (Victory™ APC II) bonded to their surface after conditioning with a self-etching non-fluoride primer (iBond™ Gluma® Inside; group B), a self-etching fluoride-releasing primer (Transbond™ Plus; group C), or traditional acid-etching with 35% phosphoric acid and Transbond™ XT (group D). Mineral loss was assessed extraorally under standardized conditions using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) with a specialized camera system (Inspektor Pro). Results were expressed as relative fluorescence loss (ΔF in %). A baseline measurement (T0) was taken before the appliance was first inserted but with the brackets already bonded. Fluorescence loss was analyzed after 3 (T1), 7 (T2), 14 (T3), and 28 days (T4) and compared to the baseline loss (T0) for each of the four study groups (A to D). Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the results for statistical significance. RESULTS The lowest percentages of fluorescence loss both at baseline and during the follow-up assessments was found in group C. While all three experimental groups (B, C, D) presented total decreases in fluorescence loss after 28 days, indicating remineralization, the decrease in group C was the largest. The Kruskal-Wallis test yielded no significant differences between the three groups other than a significantly lower percentage of fluorescence loss in group C than in group D during the last assessment (T4). The untreated samples of control enamel (group A) revealed increasing percentages of fluorescence loss over the entire study period. CONCLUSION Use of the self-etching primers (groups B and C) was not associated with patterns of enamel demineralization different from those noted after traditional etching with phosphoric acid (group D). The only significant difference we observed was between the self-etching fluoride-releasing primer (group C) and traditional etching (group D) at the final assessment (T4). Thus, the fluoride-releasing system Transbond™ Plus was advantageous.
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Iijima M, Ito S, Nakagaki S, Muguruma T, Kohda N, Saito T, Mizoguchi I. Effects of the addition of fluoride to a 4-META/MMA-TBB-based resin adhesive on fluoride release, acid resistance of enamel and shear bond strength in vitro. Dent Mater J 2014; 32:156-64. [PMID: 23370885 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2012-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated fluoride release, acid resistance and shear bond strength (SBS) of new 4-META/MMA-TBB-based fluoride-containing resin adhesive (Super-Bond/F3). Super-Bond, Transbond Plus and Fuji Ortho LC were selected for comparison. Fluoride release into distilled water during 6-month period was measured using disk-shaped specimens. Brackets were bonded to human premolars with each material and then the specimens for the nanoindentation test were subjected to alternating immersion (demineralizing and remineralizing solutions); the hardness and elastic modulus of the enamel around bracket were determined. Rest of the specimens was subjected to examine the SBS. Super-Bond/F3 and Fuji Ortho LC showed significantly greater fluoride release compared with the other materials. The reductions in hardness and the elastic modulus for Super-Bond/F3 and Fuji Ortho LC were lower than those for the other materilas. Super-Bond and Super-Bond/F3 showed significantly greater SBS than Fuji Ortho FC. In conclusion, Super-Bond/F3 showed high fluoride-release, cariostatic potential and equivalent SBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Iijima
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
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IIJIMA M, ITO S, NAKAGAKI S, KOHDA N, MUGURUMA T, SAITO T, MIZOGUCHI I. Effects of immersion in solution of an experimental toothpaste containing S-PRG filler on like-remineralizing ability of etched enamel. Dent Mater J 2014; 33:430-6. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2013-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bechtold T, Sobiegalla A, Markovic M, Berneburg M, Göz G. In vivo effectiveness of enamel sealants around orthodontic brackets. J Orofac Orthop 2013; 74:447-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-013-0178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abdel-Haffiez SH, Zaher AR, Elharouny NM. Effects of a filled fluoride-releasing enamel sealant versus fluoride varnish on the prevention of enamel demineralization under simulated oral conditions. J World Fed Orthod 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yetkiner E, Wegehaupt FJ, Attin R, Attin T. Caries infiltrant combined with conventional adhesives for sealing sound enamel in vitro. Angle Orthod 2013; 83:858-863. [PMID: 23368779 PMCID: PMC8744510 DOI: 10.2319/102312-827.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the null hypothesis that combining low-viscosity caries infiltrant with conventional adhesive resins would not improve sealing of sound enamel against demineralization in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine enamel discs (N = 60) with diameter of 3 mm were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 10). The discs were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds and treated with resins of different monomer content forming the following groups: (1) Icon (DMG), (2) Transbond XT Primer (3M ESPE), (3) Heliobond (Ivoclar Vivadent), (4) Icon + Transbond XT Primer, and (5) Icon + Heliobond. Untreated etched samples served as the negative control. Specimens were subjected to demineralization by immersion in hydrochloric acid (pH 2.6) for 80 hours. Calcium dissolution into the acid was assessed by colorimetric analysis using Arsenazo III method at 16-hour intervals. Groups presenting high protection against demineralization were subjected to further acidic challenge for 15 days with calcium measurements repeated at 24-hour intervals. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS Untreated specimens showed the highest amount of demineralization. Icon and Transbond XT primer decreased the mineral loss significantly compared to the control. Heliobond performed significantly better than both Icon and Transbond XT primer. Combination of Icon both with Transbond XT primer or Heliobond served as the best protective measures and maintained the protective effect for the additional 15-day acidic challenge. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it could be concluded that the use of low-viscosity caries infiltrant prior to application of the tested conventional adhesives increases their protective effect against demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enver Yetkiner
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Ege, Izmir, Turkey.
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Wen X, Zhang L, Liu R, Deng M, Wang Y, Liu L, Nie X. Effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser on tensile bond strength and caries resistance of human enamel. Oper Dent 2013; 39:273-82. [PMID: 23919623 DOI: 10.2341/12-416-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser on the tensile bond strength (TBS) of resin to human enamel and caries resistance of human enamel. A total of 201 human premolars were used in this in vitro study. A flat enamel surface greater than 4 × 4 mm in area was prepared on each specimen using a low-speed cutting machine under a water coolant. Twenty-one specimens were divided into seven groups for morphology observations with no treatment, 35% phosphoric acid etching (30 seconds), and laser irradiation (30 seconds) of pulsed Nd:YAG laser with five different laser-parameter combinations. Another 100 specimens were used for TBS testing. They were embedded in self-cured acrylic resin and randomly divided into 10 groups. After enamel surface pretreatments according to the group design, resin was applied. The TBS values were tested using a universal testing machine. The other 80 specimens were randomly divided into eight groups for acid resistance evaluation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that the enamel surfaces treated with 1.5 W/20 Hz and 2.0 W/20 Hz showed more etching-like appearance than those with other laser-parameter combinations. The laser-parameter combinations of 1.5 W/15 Hz and 1.5 W/20 Hz were found to be efficient for the TBS test. The mean TBS value of 14.45 ± 1.67 MPa in the laser irradiated group was significantly higher than that in the untreated group (3.48 ± 0.35 MPa) but lower than that in the 35% phosphoric acid group (21.50 ± 3.02 MPa). The highest mean TBS value of 26.64 ± 5.22 MPa was identified in the combination group (laser irradiation and then acid etching). Acid resistance evaluation showed that the pulsed Nd:YAG laser was efficient in preventing enamel demineralization. The SEM results of the fractured enamel surfaces, resin/enamel interfaces, and demineralization depths were consistent with those of the TBS test and the acid resistance evaluation. Pulsed Nd:YAG laser as an enamel surface pretreatment method presents a potential clinical application, especially for the caries-susceptible population or individuals with recently bleached teeth.
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Naidu E, Stawarczyk B, Tawakoli PN, Attin R, Attin T, Wiegand A. Shear bond strength of orthodontic resins after caries infiltrant preconditioning. Angle Orthod 2013; 83:306-312. [PMID: 22908947 PMCID: PMC8793655 DOI: 10.2319/052112-409.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of caries infiltrant preconditioning on the shear bond strength of orthodontic resin cements on sound and demineralized enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stainless-steel brackets were bonded to sound or artificially demineralized (14 d, acidic buffer, pH 5.0) bovine enamel specimens using a resin cement or a combination of caries infiltrant preconditioning (Icon, DMG) and the respective resin cement (light-curing composite: Heliosit Orthodontic, Transbond XT, using either Transbond XT Primer or Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer; light-curing resin-modified glass ionomer cement: Fuji Ortho; or self-curing composite: Concise Orthodontic Bonding System). Each group consisted of 15 specimens. Shear bond strength was evaluated after thermo-cycling (10,000×, 5°C to 55°C) at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, and data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney test, and Weibull statistics. Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores and enamel fractures were determined at 25× magnification and were statistically analyzed by regression analyses (P < .05). RESULTS The caries infiltrant system significantly increased the shear bond strength of Transbond XT Primer, Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer, and Fuji Ortho in sound specimens, and of all resin cements except for the Concise Orthodontic Bonding System in demineralized enamel. Overall, caries infiltrant preconditioning decreased significantly the number of enamel fractures, but it did not affect ARI scores. CONCLUSION Preconditioning of sound and demineralized enamel with the caries infiltrant system did not impair but rather increased the shear bond strength of most orthodontic resin cements while decreasing the risk of enamel fracture at debonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Naidu
- Assistant, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Dental Technician, Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, University of Zurich, Switzerland, and Department of Prosthodontics, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Pune Nina Tawakoli
- Assistant, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Attin
- Professor and Department Chair, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Wiegand
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Poosti M, Ramazanzadeh B, Zebarjad M, Javadzadeh P, Naderinasab M, Shakeri MT. Shear bond strength and antibacterial effects of orthodontic composite containing TiO2 nanoparticles. Eur J Orthod 2012; 35:676-9. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjs073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Kashani M, Farhadi S, Rastegarfard N. Comparison of the effect of three cements on prevention of enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic bands. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2012; 6:89-93. [PMID: 22991644 PMCID: PMC3442429 DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2012.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims
This in vitro study was designed to compare enamel demineralization depths adjacent to bands cemented with zinc polycarboxylate, glass ionomer (GI) and resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), in order to achieve minimal enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment.
Materials and methods
Sixty fully developed extracted third molars were randomly divided into three testgroups each containing 20 samples, used to cement orthodontic bands with zinc polycarboxylate, GI and RMGI. All samples were demineralized using White method using hydroxyapatite, latic acid and Carbapol for in vitro caries simulation, and then, immersed in 10% solution of methylene blue. The mean depth of dye penetration was assessed up to 0.1 millimeter, reflect-ing the depth of enamel demineralization. One way ANOVA and LSD statistical tests were employed to evaluate significant differences among groups.
Results
The highest dye penetration depth was seen in zinc polycarboxylate group, followed by GI, and RMGI groups, respectively, with significant differences among each two groups (P < 0.05).
Conclusion The use of RMGI cement seems to present significantly better prevention of enamel demineralization adja-cent to orthodontics bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kashani
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Zanarini M, Pazzi E, Bonetti S, Ruggeri O, Alessandri Bonetti G, Prati C. In vitro evaluation of the effects of a fluoride-releasing composite on enamel demineralization around brackets. Prog Orthod 2012; 13:10-6. [PMID: 22583582 DOI: 10.1016/j.pio.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a fluoride-releasing bonding agent in inhibiting enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets after the exposure to a demineralizing solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six extracted upper molars were bonded with two different composites: Transbond XT (TXT) and Transbond Plus (TPlus), fluoride-releasing (both 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA). The samples were exposed to an acid lactic solution for three days and then subjected to Metallographic Optical Microscope (MOM) and Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM/EDX) analyses. Enamel surface was examined in different areas: un-treated, etched and primer-painted, un-treated area with no acid exposure, central area with bracket bonded. The maximum demineralization depths and the fluoride content at 100, 200 and 300 μm depth were evaluated. RESULTS MOM analysis showed statistically significant (p<0.001) differences in demineralization depth for TPlus group compared to TXT group with lower values for the first one. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of fluoride in TPlus group. CONCLUSIONS The fluoride content of TPlus appeared able to weakly reduce the enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zanarini
- Orthodontics Unit, Department of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
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