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Alansari RA, Zawawi KH, Vaiid N, Natto Z, Adel SM, Alshihri MR, Alsadat M, Dause R, Agou S, Hassan AH. Is motor-driven insertion of orthodontic miniscrews more advantageous than manual insertion? A micro-CT evaluation of bone miniscrew contact surface area and cortical microcracks in rabbits. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024. [PMID: 38881173 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the bone-miniscrew contact surface area (BMC) and the cortical bone microcracks (CM) resulting from manual (hand-driven) and automated (motor-driven) orthodontic miniscrew (OM) insertion methods. METHODS Thirty-three OM were inserted in the femurs of nine New Zealand rabbits using manual (n = 16) and automated (n = 17) insertions. After euthanizing the rabbits, bone blocks, each including one OM, were sawed. Micro-CT scanning was performed, and data analysis included reconstruction, binarization and quantification of morphometric parameters of BMC and the number and length of CM. Means and standard deviations for complete BMC, complete BMC proportion, cortical BMC, cortical BMC proportion, and length and number of CM were calculated. Mixed model analysis was used to adjust for more than one sample/CM per animal. A paired t-test was used to compare the number of CM between the two groups. RESULTS Compared to the automated insertion, manually inserted miniscrews had significantly lower complete BMC (7.54 ± 1.80 mm2 vs. 11.99 ± 3.64 mm2), cortical BMC (5.91 ± 1.48 mm2 vs. 8.48 ± 1.90 mm2) and cortical BMC proportion (79.44 ± 5.84% vs. 87.94 ± 3.66%). However, it was not statistically significant in complete BMC proportion (p = .052). The automated insertion also resulted in a significantly lower mean number of CM than the manual method (p = .012). However, the length of the cracks was shorter in the manual group but with no significant difference (p = 0.256). CONCLUSION Motor-driven OM insertion results in superior BMC and reduction in the number of CM, which may lead to better miniscrew stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem A Alansari
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled H Zawawi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikhillesh Vaiid
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Zuhair Natto
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar M Adel
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maha R Alshihri
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alsadat
- University Dental Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Dause
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shoroog Agou
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Hassan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Gezer P, Yilanci H. Comparison of mechanical stability of mini-screws with resorbable blasting media and micro-arc oxidation surface treatments under orthodontic forces: An in vitro biomechanical study. Int Orthod 2023; 21:100775. [PMID: 37263049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the primary stability of mini-screws with different surface treatments such as resorbable blasting media (RBM) and micro-arc oxidation (MAO) under in vitro orthodontic forces. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-six self-drilling TiAl6V4-ELI grade 23 titanium alloy 1.6×8mm mini-screws were inserted into polyurethane foam blocks and divided into three groups according to surface properties: machine surface (MS), RBM-treated, and MAO-treated. An orthodontic force of 150g was applied to the mini-screws using NiTi coils. Maximum insertion torque (MIT) and maximum removal torque (MRT) were measured with a digital torque screwdriver during insertion and removal. For each mini-screw, stability measurements were made with the Periotest M device at day 0 and weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12. RESULTS Significant differences in MIT were observed between all groups in pairwise comparisons (P<0.001) with the highest value in the MAO-treated group and the lowest in the MS group. The mean MRT values differed in all three groups (P=0.001). In pairwise comparisons of MRT, only the difference between MS group and RBM-treated group was significant. The highest value was observed in the RBM-treated group, while the lowest value was observed in the MS group. Periotest values were significantly higher in the MAO-treated group than the RBM-treated group at weeks 8 and 12. A positive significant correlation was found between MIT and MRT in all groups. No significant correlation was found between MIT, MRT and Periotest values in all groups. CONCLUSION RBM-treated group was significantly higher than the MS group in MIT and MRT values. According to Periotest values, RBM-treated group was found to be significantly more stable than the MAO-treated group at weeks 8 and 12. Therefore, RBM surface treatment was found to be more favourable than other surfaces to increase success rate in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Gezer
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hilal Yilanci
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Im C, Park JH, Jeon YM, Kim JG, Jang YS, Lee MH, Jeon WY, Kim JM, Bae TS. Improvement of osseointegration of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy orthodontic mini-screws through anodization, cyclic pre-calcification, and heat treatments. Prog Orthod 2022; 23:11. [PMID: 35368222 PMCID: PMC8977256 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-022-00405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Mini-screws are widely used as temporary anchorages in orthodontic treatment, but have the disadvantage of showing a high failure rate of about 10%. Therefore, orthodontic mini-screws should have high biocompatibility and retention. Previous studies have demonstrated that the retention of mini-screws can be improved by imparting bioactivity to the surface. The method for imparting bioactivity proposed in this paper is to sequentially perform anodization, periodic pre-calcification, and heat treatments with a Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy mini-screw.
Materials and methods
A TiO2 nanotube-structured layer was formed on the surface of the Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy mini-screw through anodization in which a voltage of 20 V was applied to a glycerol solution containing 20 wt% H2O and 1.4 wt% NH4F for 60 min. Fine granular calcium phosphate precipitates of HA and octacalcium phosphate were generated as clusters on the surface through the cyclic pre-calcification and heat treatments. The cyclic pre-calcification treatment is a process of immersion in a 0.05 M NaH2PO4 solution and a saturated Ca(OH)2 solution at 90 °C for 1 min each.
Results
It was confirmed that the densely structured protrusions were precipitated, and Ca and P concentrations, which bind and concentrate endogenous bone morphogenetic proteins, increased on the surface after simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion test. In addition, the removal torque of the mini-screw fixed into rabbit tibias for 4 weeks was measured to be 8.70 ± 2.60 N cm.
Conclusions
A noteworthy point in this paper is that the Ca and P concentrations, which provide a scaffold suitable for endogenous bone formation, further increased over time after SBF immersion of the APH group specimens. The other point is that our mini-screws have a significantly higher removal torque compared to untreated mini-screws. These results represent that the mini-screw proposed in this paper can be used as a mini-screw for orthodontics.
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Al-Thomali Y, Basha S, Mohamed RN. Effect of surface treatment on the mechanical stability of orthodontic miniscrews. Angle Orthod 2021; 92:127-136. [PMID: 34338745 DOI: 10.2319/020721-111.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide collective quantitative evidence about the effect of surface treatments on the mechanical stability of orthodontic miniscrews (MSs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was registered in PROSPERO (No. CRD42020209652). The research question was defined according to the PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcomes) format. Various research databases were searched for animal and human studies on effects of surface treatment on the mechanical stability of MSs. Both prospective and retrospective in vivo clinical studies published in English were included. The risk of bias was assessed using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4. RESULTS A total of 109 articles were identified; 14 were included in the systematic review, and seven studies with sandblasting, acid etching (SLA) methods of surface treatment were included for meta-analysis. The number of study participants ranged from 6 to 24 (total n = 185), with a mean of 13.2. A total of 949 MSs were used with a mean of 67.8. The overall success rate for surface-treated MSs ranged from 47.9% to 100%. Forest plot of removal torque values showed significantly higher values for SLA surface-treated MSs compared with controls with a standard mean difference of 2.61 (95% confidence interval = 1.49-3.72, I2 = 85%). Forest plot of insertion torque showed a standard mean difference of -6.19 (95% confidence interval = -13.63-1.25, I2 = 98%, P = .10). CONCLUSIONS Surface treatment of MSs improved primary and secondary stability with good osseointegration at the bone-implant surface. However, significant heterogeneity across the studies included in the meta-analysis made it difficult to draw conclusions.
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Comparison of the Stability of Sandblasted, Large-Grit, and Acid-Etched Treated Mini-Screws With Two Different Surface Roughness Values: A Histomorphometric Study. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 33:41-47. [PMID: 34267129 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of 2 different surface roughness values produced by sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched treatments at different loading conditions on the stability of mini-screws. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 56 mini-screws (Group 1; 28 with Ra value of 1 μm, Group 2; 28 with Ra value of 1.5 μm) were inserted into the tibia of fourteen New Zealand rabbits. Surface analysis was performed before the placement of the miniscrews using multi-technique characterization. The mini-screws were loaded with 500 grf after different healing times: unloaded, immediate, 4 and 8 weeks. Resonance frequency analyses were performed immediately after mini-screw placement and at the end of loading. Biomechanical and histomorphometric analyses were also performed at the end of the loading period. RESULTS All mini-screws preserved their stability at the end of the loading period. However, the resonance frequency analyses showed higher implant stability quotient scores for 8-week group, unlike the immediate loading and unloaded groups (P < 0.05). According to the infinite focus microscopy results, prolongation of healing time resulted in a greater bone area on the loaded mini-screws in Group 2 (P < 0.05). Similarly, the histomorphometric analysis revealed higher bone-to-implant contact values in the 8-week group. There was no significant difference in the stability between the miniscrews with the Ra values of 1 and 1.5 μm. CONCLUSIONS Sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched treated mini-screws showed significantly higher stability with healing time under heavy forces. Sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched treated mini-screws can be removed without fracture of the screw or the bone surfaces.
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Geshay D, Campbell P, Tadlock L, Schneiderman E, Kyung HM, Buschang P. Stability of immediately loaded 3 mm long miniscrew implants: a feasibility study. Dental Press J Orthod 2021; 26:e2119155. [PMID: 33759962 PMCID: PMC8018754 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.26.1.e2119155.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Shorter miniscrew implants (MSIs) are needed to make orthodontics more effective and efficient. Objective: To evaluate the stability, insertion torque, removal torque and pain associated with 3 mm long MSIs placed in humans by a novice clinician. Methods: 82 MSIs were placed in the buccal maxillae of 26 adults. Pairs of adjacent implants were immediately loaded with 100g. Subjects were recalled after 1, 3, 5, and 8 weeks to verify stability and complete questionnaires pertaining to MSI-related pain and discomfort. Results: The overall failure rate was 32.9%. The anterior and posterior MSIs failed 35.7% and 30.0% of the time, respectively. Excluding the 10 MSIs (12.2%) that were traumatically dislodged, the failure rates in the anterior and posterior sites were 30.1% and 15.2%, respectively; the overall primary failure rate was 23.6%. Failures were significantly (p= 0.010) greater (46.3% vs 19.5%) among the first 41 MSIs than the last 41 MSIs that were placed. Excluding the traumatically lost MSIs, the failures occurred on or before day 42. Subjects experienced very low pain (2.2% of maximum) and discomfort (5.5% of maximum) during the first week only. Conclusions: Shorter 3 mm MSIs placed by a novice operator are highly likely to fail. However, failure rates can be substantially decreased over time with the placement of more MSIs. Pain and discomfort experienced after placing 3 mm MSIs is minimal and temporary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillip Campbell
- Texas A&M University, College of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Dallas/TX, USA)
| | - Larry Tadlock
- Texas A&M University, College of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Dallas/TX, USA)
| | - Emet Schneiderman
- Texas A&M University, College of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences (Dallas/TX, USA)
| | - Hee-Moon Kyung
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Orthodontics (Daegu, Korea)
| | - Peter Buschang
- Texas A&M University, College of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Dallas/TX, USA)
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Alves A, Cacho A, San Roman F, Gerós H, Afonso A. Mini implants osseointegration, molar intrusion and root resorption in Sinclair minipigs. Int Orthod 2019; 17:733-743. [PMID: 31495755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The use of mini implants to create a passive intraoral anchorage point has been mainly tested in clinical trials. In this study, an experimental integrated approach evaluated mini implant loading protocols (immediate vs. delayed loading) on bone remodelling and mini implant stability and the consequent degree of dental intrusion and apical root resorption. METHODS A total of 40 Absoanchor® mini implants with 1.2mm diameter and 8mm length were placed in a total of 5 minipigs, 8 per animal, 2 in each hemiarch. Each implant was attached through a lingual button to the vestibular side of the second and fourth premolars with a nitinol coil spring of 150g force. The analysis of morphological aspects included the degree of dental movement, mini implant stability, and new bone formation over the mini implant heads. Bone mini-implant interface and modifications of dental root in response to intrusion were studied by light and electron microscopy. RESULTS The rate of mini implant success was>98%, mainly in those subjected to immediate loading. This loading protocol promoted a high degree of osseointegration along with a high degree of intrusive dental movement, particularly of the second premolars. However, the radiological and histological studies showed a low degree of root resorption. Associated with the high intrusive movement, the penetration of the root apexes produced an inner cortical surface deformation of the maxillary sinus floor by remodeling and bone growth. CONCLUSION In minipigs immediate loading of smooth mini implants promoted a high degree of intrusive movement particularly of the second premolars, stimulated bone growth and osseointegration, but extensive root resorption was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armandino Alves
- Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Portuguese Catholic University, Viseu, Portugal.
| | - Alberto Cacho
- University Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Odontology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fidel San Roman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hernâni Gerós
- University of Minho, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Américo Afonso
- University of Porto, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Porto, Portugal
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Mei DM, Zhao B, Xu H, Wang Y. Radiographic and clinical outcomes of rooted, platform-switched, microthreaded implants with a sandblasted, large-grid, and acid-etched surface: A 5-year prospective study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2017; 19:1074-1081. [PMID: 29052336 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no data available on the long-term outcomes of a rooted, platform-switched, microthreaded implant with a sandblasted, large-grid, and acid-etched surface. PURPOSE This prospective, longitudinal study evaluated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of rooted, platform-switched, microthreaded and sandblasted, large-grid, and acid-etched (SLA) surface implants for 5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty implants were placed in sixty patients with partially edentulous maxillae or mandibles. The permanent prostheses were inserted 2-4 months after implant placement. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed at follow-up visits scheduled postoperation, prosthesis installation, 1 year, and 5 years after surgery, to assess implant survival and success rates, biological and mechanical complications, and marginal bone loss. RESULTS After 5 years' follow-up, four patients withdrawn from the study, and 56 implants achieved a 100% survival rate and 98.2% success rate. Three prosthetic complications occurred, resulting in a success rate for prostheses of 94.6%. The incidence of peri-implant mucositis was 9.1% and no peri-implantitis was diagnosed. The average marginal bone loss at the mesial aspect was 0.46 ± 0.27 mm after 1 year and 0.48 ± 0.27 mm after 5 years. The average marginal bone loss at the distal aspect was 0.46 ± 0.32 mm after 1 year and 0.50 ± 0.35 mm after 5 years. CONCLUSION After 5 years of loading, the rooted, platform-switched, microthreaded, and SLA surface implants showed high survival and success rates, steady crestal bone levels, and excellent long-term clinical outcomes in the soft tissue. Overloading may be related to the marginal bone loss around implants, but the surgical protocol, different sites, and jaw position did not correlate with crestal bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Mei Mei
- Department of Stomatology, Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Baodong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Choi HW, Park YS, Chung SH, Jung MH, Moon W, Rhee SH. Comparison of mechanical and biological properties of zirconia and titanium alloy orthodontic micro-implants. Korean J Orthod 2017; 47:229-237. [PMID: 28670564 PMCID: PMC5466905 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2017.47.4.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the initial stability as insertion and removal torque and the clinical applicability of novel orthodontic zirconia micro-implants made using a powder injection molding (PIM) technique with those parameters in conventional titanium micro-implants. METHODS Sixty zirconia and 60 titanium micro-implants of similar design (diameter, 1.6 mm; length, 8.0 mm) were inserted perpendicularly in solid polyurethane foam with varying densities of 20 pounds per cubic foot (pcf), 30 pcf, and 40 pcf. Primary stability was measured as maximum insertion torque (MIT) and maximum removal torque (MRT). To investigate clinical applicability, compressive and tensile forces were recorded at 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 mm displacement of the implants at angles of 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40°. The biocompatibility of zirconia micro-implants was assessed via an experimental animal study. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between zirconia micro-implants and titanium alloy implants with regard to MIT, MRT, or the amount of movement in the angulated lateral displacement test. As angulation increased, the mean compressive and tensile forces required to displace both types of micro-implants increased substantially at all distances. The average bone-to-implant contact ratio of prototype zirconia micro-implants was 56.88 ± 6.72%. CONCLUSIONS Zirconia micro-implants showed initial stability and clinical applicability for diverse orthodontic treatments comparable to that of titanium micro-implants under compressive and tensile forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Won Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Oral Health Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Seok Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin Hye Chung
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ho Jung
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Private Practice, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Moon
- Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Center for Health Science, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sang Hoon Rhee
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Effect of longitudinal flutes on miniscrew implant stability and 3-dimensional bone formation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 150:950-957. [PMID: 27894544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of longitudinal flutes on miniscrew implant (MSI) stability and bone healing. METHODS Using 11 skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits, we placed 31 longitudinally fluted and 31 nonfluted, 3-mm-long MSIs in standardized positions in their calvaria and immediately loaded them with 100 g using nickel-titanium coil springs. Insertion torque values were obtained for each MSI placed; removal torque values were obtained for 28 MSIs that had been in place for 6 weeks and 20 MSIs that had been in place for 2 weeks. The bone volume fractions at 6 to 24, 24 to 42, and 42 to 60 μm from the MSI surfaces were evaluated using microcomputed tomography with an isotropic resolution of 6 μm. RESULTS The success rate was 97% for both the fluted and nonfluted MSIs. The difference in insertion torque between the fluted and nonfluted MSIs was not statistically significant (P = 0.930). After 2 weeks, there was no statistically significant (P = 0.702) difference in removal torque between the fluted and nonfluted MSIs. After 6 weeks, removal torque values were significantly (P = 0.008) higher for the fluted (3.42 ± 0.26 N.cm) than the nonfluted (2.49 ± 0.20 N.cm) MSIs. Bone volume fractions of the 6-to-24-, 24-to-42-, and 42-to-60-μm layers were significantly (P <0.05) greater for the nonfluted than the fluted MSIs. CONCLUSIONS Loaded 3-mm-long MSIs with and without flutes have high success rates. Longitudinal flutes placed in 3-mm MSIs increased their removal torque by 37% and decreased the amount of bone immediately surrounding them.
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Araghbidikashani M, Golshah A, Nikkerdar N, Rezaei M. In-vitro impact of insertion angle on primary stability of miniscrews. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016; 150:436-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kuhn M, Markic G, Doulis I, Göllner P, Patcas R, Hänggi MP. Effect of different incisor movements on the soft tissue profile measured in reference to a rough-surfaced palatal implant. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016; 149:349-57. [PMID: 26926022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate soft tissue profile changes after a wide range of incisor movements in the anterior and posterior directions in nongrowing patients. Identifying baseline values more prone to substantial soft tissue profile changes was of high interest. METHODS For this retrospective study, 47 pairs of lateral cephalograms of nongrowing white patients were superimposed. The cephalograms were taken with the same palatal implant in situ before and after treatment. To increase the accuracy of the measurements, the palatal implants were used as stable reference structures in close relation to the incisors. RESULTS Horizontal changes of the most anterior point of the maxillary incisor showed a significant correlation to horizontal changes of the upper and lower lips (P <0.001). For every millimeter of horizontal change of the most anterior point of the maxillary central incisor, a change of 0.59 mm at labrale superior can be expected. Also, the angulations of the upper and lower lips were significantly correlated to the most anterior point of the maxillary incisor. Lip retraction was less pronounced in patients with initially thicker lips than in those with thinner lips. CONCLUSIONS The major contributing factors for predicting the soft tissue profile change during orthodontic treatment are the amount of horizontal movement of the most anterior point of the maxillary incisor, the amount of bite opening, and the initial lip thickness. Although there are significant correlations between dental movements and soft tissue changes in larger samples, predictions for individuals may be inconsistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Kuhn
- Resident, Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Goran Markic
- Attending physician, Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Doulis
- Attending physician, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Raphael Patcas
- Senior lecturer, Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Vilani GNL, Ruellas ACDO, Elias CN, Mattos CT. Stability of smooth and rough mini-implants: clinical and biomechanical evaluation - an in vivostudy. Dental Press J Orthod 2015; 20:35-42. [PMID: 26560819 PMCID: PMC4644917 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.20.5.035-042.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare in vivo orthodontic mini-implants (MI) of smooth (machined) and rough (acid etched) surfaces, assessing primary and secondary stability. METHODS Thirty-six (36) MI were inserted in the mandibles of six (6) dogs. Each animal received six (6) MI. In the right hemiarch, three (3) MI without surface treatment (smooth) were inserted, whereas in the left hemiarch, another three (3) MI with acid etched surfaces (rough) were inserted. The two distal MI in each hemiarch received an immediate load of 1.0 N for 16 weeks, whereas the MI in the mesial extremity was not subject to loading. Stability was measured by insertion and removal torque, initial and final mobility and by inter mini-implant distance. RESULTS There was no statistical behavioral difference between smooth and rough MI. High insertion torque and reduced initial mobility were observed in all groups, as well as a reduction in removal torques in comparison with insertion torque. Rough MI presented higher removal torque and lower final mobility in comparison to smooth MI. MI did not remain static, with displacement of rough MI being smaller in comparison with smooth MI, but with no statistical difference. CONCLUSIONS MI primary stability was greater than stability measured at removal. There was no difference in stability between smooth and rough MI when assessing mobility, displacement and insertion as well as removal torques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos Nelson Elias
- Department of Material Sciences, School of Engineering, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Tabuchi M, Ikeda T, Nakagawa K, Hirota M, Park W, Miyazawa K, Goto S, Ogawa T. Ultraviolet photofunctionalization increases removal torque values and horizontal stability of orthodontic miniscrews. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015; 148:274-82. [PMID: 26232836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to examine the effects of ultraviolet-mediated photofunctionalization of miniscrews and the in-vivo potential of bone-miniscrew integration. METHODS Self-drilling orthodontic miniscrews made from a titanium alloy were placed in rat femurs. Photofunctionalization was performed by treating the miniscrews with ultraviolet light for 12 minutes with a photo device immediately before implantation. Maximum insertion torque (week 0), removal torque (weeks 0 and 3), and resistance to lateral tipping force (week 3) were examined. RESULTS The removal torque at 3 weeks of healing was higher for the photofunctionalized screws than for the untreated screws. The regenerated bone tissue was more intact and contiguous around the photofunctionalized miniscrews than around the untreated ones. The miniscrew-bone complex seemed to produce interface failure, not cohesive fracture, in both groups. The displacement of untreated screws under a lateral tipping force was greater than that of photofunctionalized miniscrews. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that photofunctionalization increases the bioactivity of titanium-alloy miniscrews and improves the anchoring capability of orthodontic miniscrews, even without modification of the surface topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Tabuchi
- Visiting scholar, Laboratory for Bone and Implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif; associate professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Ikeda
- Visiting scholar, Laboratory for Bone and Implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Kahori Nakagawa
- Visiting scholar, Laboratory for Bone and Implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Makoto Hirota
- Visiting scholar, Laboratory for Bone and Implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Wonhee Park
- Visiting scholar, Laboratory for Bone and Implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Ken Miyazawa
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigemi Goto
- Professor and chairman, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Professor, Laboratory for Bone and Implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
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Jang I, Shim SC, Choi DS, Cha BK, Lee JK, Choe BH, Choi WY. Effect of TiO2 nanotubes arrays on osseointegration of orthodontic miniscrew. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:76. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-9986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kang HK, Chu TM, Dechow P, Stewart K, Kyung HM, Liu SSY. Laser-treated stainless steel mini-screw implants: 3D surface roughness, bone-implant contact, and fracture resistance analysis. Eur J Orthod 2015; 38:154-62. [PMID: 25908868 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjv017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study investigated the biomechanical properties and bone-implant intersurface response of machined and laser surface-treated stainless steel (SS) mini-screw implants (MSIs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-eight 1.3mm in diameter and 6mm long SS MSIs were divided into two groups. The control (machined surface) group received no surface treatment; the laser-treated group received Nd-YAG laser surface treatment. Half in each group was used for examining surface roughness (Sa and Sq), surface texture, and facture resistance. The remaining MSIs were placed in the maxilla of six skeletally mature male beagle dogs in a randomized split-mouth design. A pair with the same surface treatment was placed on the same side and immediately loaded with 200 g nickel-titanium coil springs for 8 weeks. After killing, the bone-implant contact (BIC) for each MSI was calculated using micro computed tomography. Analysis of variance model and two-sample t test were used for statistical analysis with a significance level of P <0.05. RESULTS The mean values of Sa and Sq were significantly higher in the laser-treated group compared with the machined group (P <0.05). There were no significant differences in fracture resistance and BIC between the two groups. LIMITATION animal study CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS Laser treatment increased surface roughness without compromising fracture resistance. Despite increasing surface roughness, laser treatment did not improve BIC. Overall, it appears that medical grade SS has the potential to be substituted for titanium alloy MSIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Kyong Kang
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, MI, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics
| | - Tien-Min Chu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Paul Dechow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Kelton Stewart
- Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA, and
| | - Hee-Moon Kyung
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung-Pook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sean Shih-Yao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA, and
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Carney LO, Campbell PM, Spears R, Ceen RF, Melo AC, Buschang PH. Effects of pilot holes on longitudinal miniscrew stability and bony adaptation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 146:554-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Oh EJ, Nguyen TDT, Lee SY, Jeon YM, Bae TS, Kim JG. Enhanced compatibility and initial stability of Ti6Al4V alloy orthodontic miniscrews subjected to anodization, cyclic precalcification, and heat treatment. Korean J Orthod 2014; 44:246-53. [PMID: 25309864 PMCID: PMC4192526 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2014.44.5.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the bioactivity, and the biomechanical and bone-regenerative properties of Ti6Al4V miniscrews subjected to anodization, cyclic precalcification, and heat treatment (APH treatment) and their potential clinical use. Methods The surfaces of Ti6Al4V alloys were modified by APH treatment. Bioactivity was assessed after immersion in simulated body fluid for 3 days. The hydrophilicity and the roughness of APH-treated surfaces were compared with those of untreated (UT) and anodized and heat-treated (AH) samples. For in vivo tests, 32 miniscrews (16 UT and 16 APH) were inserted into 16 Wistar rats, one UT and one APH-treated miniscrew in either tibia. The miniscrews were extracted after 3 and 6 weeks and their osseointegration (n = 8 for each time point and group) was investigated by surface and histological analyses and removal torque measurements. Results APH treatment formed a dense surface array of nanotubular TiO2 layer covered with a compact apatite-like film. APH-treated samples showed better bioactivity and biocompatibility compared with UT and AH samples. In vivo, APH-treated miniscrews showed higher removal torque and bone-to-implant contact than did UT miniscrews, after both 3 and 6 weeks (p < 0.05). Also, early deposition of densely mineralized bone around APH-treated miniscrews was observed, implying good bonding to the treated surface. Conclusions APH treatment enhanced the bioactivity, and the biomechanical and bone regenerative properties of the Ti6Al4V alloy miniscrews. The enhanced initial stability afforded should be valuable in orthodontic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thuy-Duong T Nguyen
- Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Brain Korea 21 Project, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seung-Youp Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Young-Mi Jeon
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Bae
- Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Brain Korea 21 Project, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jong-Gee Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Rossouw E. Translational mini-screw implant research. J Orthod 2014; 41 Suppl 1:S8-14. [PMID: 25138369 DOI: 10.1179/1465313314y.0000000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
It is important to thoroughly test new materials as well as techniques when these innovations are to be utilized in the human clinical situation. Translational research fills this important niche. The purpose of translational research is to establish the continuity of evidence from the laboratory to the clinic and in so-doing, provide evidence that the material is functioning appropriately and that the process in the human will be successful. This concept applies to the mini-screw implant; which, has been very successfully introduced into the orthodontic armamentarium over the last decade for application as a temporary anchorage device. The examples of translational research that will be illustrated in this paper have paved the way to ensure that clinicians have evidence to confidently utilize mini-screw implants in orthodontic practice. Needless to say, more studies are needed to ensure a safe, effective and efficient manner to practice orthodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Rossouw
- Department of Orthodontics, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Local application of zoledronate enhances miniscrew implant stability in dogs. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 145:737-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Moon W. An interview with Won Moon. By André Wilson Machado, Barry Briss, Greg J Huang, Richard Kulbersh and Sergei Godeiro Fernandes Rabelo Caldas. Dental Press J Orthod 2014; 18:12-28. [PMID: 24228299 DOI: 10.1590/s2176-94512013000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Nakagaki S, Iijima M, Handa K, Koike T, Yasuda Y, Saito T, Mizoguchi I. Micro-CT and histologic analyses of bone surrounding immediately loaded miniscrew implants: comparing compression and tension loading. Dent Mater J 2014; 33:196-202. [PMID: 24583644 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2013-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of immediate force on bone adaptations surrounding miniscrew implants. Ten miniscrew implants were placed on the mandibles in three beagle dogs. Five pairs of miniscrew implants were immediately loaded with 150 g of continuous force using nickel-titanium coil springs for 8 weeks. The values of bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone volume (BV) of cortical and trabecular bone for compression loading and tension loading were obtained by µCT analysis. The percentages of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) in the compression and tension regions for cortical and trabecular bone were obtained by histologic analysis. The BMD values for the compression region of cortical bone were significantly higher compared to the tension region. The BIC values in cortical and trabecular bone at tension and compression regions were similar. In conclusion, immediate loading does not inhibit osseointegration of miniscrew implants but may stimulate bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Nakagaki
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
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Marquezan M, Lima I, Lopes RT, Sant'Anna EF, de Souza MMG. Is trabecular bone related to primary stability of miniscrews? Angle Orthod 2013; 84:500-7. [PMID: 24245816 DOI: 10.2319/052513-39.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the primary stability of miniscrews inserted into bone blocks of different bone mineral densities (BMDs) with and without cortical bone, and investigate whether some trabecular properties could influence primary stability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-two bone blocks were extracted from fresh bovine pelvic bone. Four groups were created based on bone type (iliac or pubic region) and presence or absence of cortical bone. Specimens were micro-computed tomography imaged to evaluate trabecular thickness, trabecular number, trabecular separation, bone volume density (BV/TV), BMD, and cortical thickness. Miniscrews 1.4 mm in diameter and 6 mm long were inserted into the bone blocks, and primary stability was evaluated by insertion torque (IT), mini-implant mobility (PTV), and pull-out strength (PS). RESULTS Intergroup comparison showed lower levels of primary stability when the BMD of trabecular bone was lower and in the absence of cortical bone (P≤.05). The Pearson correlation test showed correlation between trabecular number, trabecular thickness, BV/TV, trabecular BMD, total BMD, and IT, PTV, and PS. There was correlation between cortical thickness and IT and PS (P≤.05). CONCLUSION Cancellous bone plays an important role in primary stability of mini-implants in the presence or absence of cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Marquezan
- a PhD Student, Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Vandeweghe S, Coelho PG, Vanhove C, Wennerberg A, Jimbo R. Utilizing micro-computed tomography to evaluate bone structure surrounding dental implants: A comparison with histomorphometry. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 101:1259-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vandeweghe
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology; Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, University of Ghent; Belgium
| | - Paulo G. Coelho
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics; New York University; New York New York
| | - Christian Vanhove
- Medical Imaging and Signal Processing; Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Ghent; Belgium
| | - Ann Wennerberg
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Ryo Jimbo
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
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Orthodontic implants: concepts for the orthodontic practitioner. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:549761. [PMID: 23209470 PMCID: PMC3502859 DOI: 10.1155/2012/549761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic implants have become a reliable method in orthodontic practice for providing temporary additional anchorage. These devices are useful to control skeletal anchorage in less compliant patients or in cases where absolute anchorage is necessary. There are a great number of advantages in this new approach which include easy insertion, decreased patient discomfort, low price, immediate loading, reduced diameter, versatility in the forces to be used, ease of cleaning, and ease of removal. However, a proper management of the screws by the practitioner is necessary in order to increase the success rate of the technique. The purpose of this paper is to update practitioners on the current concepts of orthodontic implants and orthodontic mechanics.
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Effect of force on alveolar bone surrounding miniscrew implants: a 3-dimensional microcomputed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012; 142:32-44. [PMID: 22748988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The primary aim of this study was to better understand how bone adapts to forces applied to miniscrew implants. A secondary aim was to determine whether the direction of force applied to miniscrew implants has an effect on bone surrounding the miniscrew implants. METHODS A randomized split-mouth design, applied to 6 skeletally mature male foxhound dogs, was used to compare miniscrew implants loaded for 9 weeks with 200 or 600 g to unloaded control miniscrew implants. By using microcomputed tomography, with an isotropic resolution of 6 μm, bone volume fractions (bone volume/total volume) were calculated for bone around the entire miniscrew implant surface. Bone volume fractions were calculated for bone 6 to 24, 24 to 42, and 42 to 60 μm from the miniscrew implant surface. For each loaded miniscrew implant, the bone volume fraction was also calculated for 2 compression and 2 noncompression zones. RESULTS The 6 to 24-μm layer showed a significantly lower (P <0.05) bone volume fraction than did the 24 to 42-μm and the 42 to 60-μm layers, which were not significantly different. The bone volume fractions of cortical bone surrounding the apical aspects of the unloaded miniscrew implants were significantly greater (P <0.05) than the bone volume fractions of cortical bone surrounding the loaded miniscrew implants. In contrast, the bone volume fractions of noncortical bone surrounding loaded miniscrew implants were significantly greater (P <0.05) than the bone volume fractions of bone surrounding the unloaded miniscrew implants. Miniscrew implants loaded with 200 g showed significantly greater (P <0.05) amounts of noncortical bone volume fractions than did miniscrew implants loaded with 600 g. With both 200 and 600 g, zones under compression had significantly greater bone volume fractions than did the noncompression zones. CONCLUSIONS The application of force, the amount of force applied, and the direction of force all have significant effects on the amounts of bone produced around miniscrew implants.
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Lin YH, Peng PW, Ou KL. The Effect of Titanium With Electrochemical Anodization on the Response of the Adherent Osteoblast-Like Cell. IMPLANT DENT 2012; 21:344-9. [DOI: 10.1097/id.0b013e31825fed00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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