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Roche M, Rinchuse D, Zullo T, Kubli O. Comparing the Salzmann Index to automatic qualifying conditions when selecting medically necessary orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023; 164:837-842. [PMID: 37598336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study compared the Salzmann Index (SI) to the American Association of Orthodontists-proposed Automatic Qualifying Conditions (AQC) list in determining eligibility for medically necessary orthodontic care (MNOC). In Pennsylvania, The SI must reflect a score of ≥25, whereas the AQCs are considered binary indicators of a treatment need-the presence of any AQC qualifies a patient for treatment under Medicaid. This study was designed to determine whether the same patients are selected as eligible for MNOC regardless of which selection method is used. METHODS The orthodontic records of 139 participants aged 10-17 years were used to calculate SI scores and identify any AQCs present. McNemar's test of agreement was used to compare patients selected for treatment needs on the basis of SI to those selected on the basis of the presence of an AQC. RESULTS The mean SI score was 14.7. Twelve patients (8.6%) were selected for treatment needs because of an SI of ≥25, whereas 44 patients (31.7%) were deemed to have at least 1 AQC present. Of the 44 patients with AQCs, only 11 had SI scores of ≥25. McNemar's test of agreement found that SI score and AQC presence did not select patients similarly (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS The SI and AQCs do not appear to select the same patients for MNOC, suggesting that replacing the SI with a list of AQCs would significantly impact which patients are selected for Medicaid-funded orthodontic care in Pennsylvania.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Rinchuse
- Advanced Education Program in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Seton Hill University, Greensburg, Pa
| | - Thomas Zullo
- Advanced Education Program in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Seton Hill University, Greensburg, Pa
| | - Olivia Kubli
- Advanced Education Program in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Seton Hill University, Greensburg, Pa
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Yin J, Zhang H, Zeng X, Yu J, Wang H, Jiang Y, Da D, Li Q, Zhang Y. Prevalence and influencing factors of malocclusion in adolescents in Shanghai, China. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:590. [PMID: 37620836 PMCID: PMC10464309 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence and related risk factors of malocclusion in permanent dentition among adolescents in Shanghai, and provide basic data for government's preventive strategies and intervention plans. METHODS 1799 adolescents aged 11-15 years old from 18 middle schools in 6 districts of Shanghai were recruited to investigate oral health status and related risk factors using cluster random sampling method in 2021. Malocclusion and caries were examined by on-site inspection. The investigation criteria referred to Bjoerk and the recommendation of the WHO. The malocclusion inspection items included molars relationship, canine relationship, overbite, overjet, midline displacement, anterior crossbite, posterior crossbite, scissors bite, crowding and spacing. The subjects were asked to fill in a questionnaire including parents' education level, oral health behaviors and dietary habits. The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between malocclusion and risk factors. RESULTS 1799 adolescents were included in the study and the prevalence of malocclusion in adolescents in Shanghai was 83.5%, and the proportion of molar relationship class I, class II, and class III was 48.9%, 14.7%, and 19.0%, respectively. The most common occlusal characteristic of malocclusion was anterior crowding, followed by midline irregularities and deep overbite, with prevalence rates of 44.8%, 39.0% and 38.6%, respectively. The prevalence rate of adolescents with caries was 34.3%. Those who had dental caries and preferred soft food were more likely to have abnormal occlusal characteristics (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The prevalence of malocclusion in adolescents in Shanghai is high, so it is of great significance to strengthen oral health education, allocate proper preventive strategies and carry out the early correction if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Yin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huning Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxin Da
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Närhi L, Mattila M, Tolvanen M, Pirttiniemi P, Silvola AS. The associations of dental aesthetics, oral health-related quality of life and satisfaction with aesthetics in an adult population. Eur J Orthod 2023; 45:287-294. [PMID: 36689299 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the gender-specific associations between dental aesthetics, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and satisfaction with dental aesthetics in an adult population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population consisted of 1780 individuals (822 males and 958 females) from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966). Dental aesthetics were evaluated from digital 3D dental models using the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Layperson and orthodontist panels evaluated the dental aesthetics of a smaller sample (n = 100). OHRQoL was measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire. Satisfaction with dental aesthetics was asked with one separate question. Gender-specific analyses consisted of Mann-Whitney U-tests and Spearman's correlation coefficients. RESULTS More than half of the population had an aesthetically acceptable occlusion, and most of the individuals were satisfied with the aesthetics. The most severe aesthetic impairments were associated with the psychological dimensions of OHIP-14. There were significant but weak associations of AC and satisfaction with aesthetics, and satisfaction with aesthetics and OHRQoL. Significant gender differences were found, men having higher mean AC scores but women reporting lower OHRQoL. CONCLUSION At the population level, most of the individuals were satisfied with their aesthetics, despite different dental aesthetic conditions. The most severe aesthetic impairments were associated with decreased psychological well-being, women reporting more impacts compared to men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Närhi
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - Minttu Mattila
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Pertti Pirttiniemi
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - Anna-Sofia Silvola
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital, Finland
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Silva DAF, Carneiro DPA, Nabarrette M, Vedovello Filho M, Santamaria M, Vedovello SAS. Impact of Dental Aesthetic Index characteristics on the severity levels of malocclusion in a non-White population. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:e252-e256. [PMID: 36100479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the impact of the esthetic and occlusal characteristics of the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) on the need for orthodontic treatment in a non-White population. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1296 non-White adolescents aged 12 years. DAI was the outcome variable (DAI 1 and 2 and DAI 3 and 4). The independent variables were categorized on the basis of the occlusal esthetic characteristics evaluated by DAI (tooth absence, crowding, spacing, midline diastema, maxillary misalignment, mandibular misalignment, maxillary anterior overjet, mandibular overjet, anterior open bite, and anteroposterior molar relationship). Simple logistic regression models were adjusted for the outcome, and the raw odds ratios were estimated. Variables with a P value of <0.20 for individual analyses were tested in a multiple logistic regression model, with P ≤0.05 remaining. RESULTS A total of 1296 adolescents (764 girls and 532 boys) were evaluated; 1067 (82.3%) had DAI 1 or 2 (minor to a moderate need for orthodontic treatment), and 229 (17.7%) had DAI 3 or 4 (defined need for orthodontic treatment). The results showed that adolescents with diastema, maxillary irregularity, mandibular irregularity, mandibular overjet, anterior open bite, and the altered molar relationship had 5.34, 2.36, 2.63, 3.56, 8.73, and 5.16 times more likelihood to have DAI 3 or 4 (P ≤0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Diastema, maxillary and mandibular misalignment, mandibular overjet, anterior open bite, and anteroposterior molar relationship were the characteristics that influenced the determination of the need for orthodontic treatment in a non-White population using the DAI index.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Patrik Alves Carneiro
- Department of Community Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Nabarrette
- Department of Community Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mário Vedovello Filho
- Department of Orthodontics, Araras Dental School, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton Santamaria
- Department of Orthodontics, Araras Dental School, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia A S Vedovello
- Department of Community Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Orthodontics, Araras Dental School, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ramos ITM, Nabarrette M, Vedovello-Filho M, de Menezes CC, de C. Meneghim M, Vedovello SAS. Correlation between malocclusion and history of bullying in vulnerable adolescents. Angle Orthod 2022; 92:482483. [PMID: 35666207 PMCID: PMC9374359 DOI: 10.2319/100721-749.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the correlation between malocclusion and a history of bullying. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of 494 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years was conducted. The National School Health Survey questionnaire (PeNSE 1 and 2) was used to determine history of bullying by identifying the victim and the abuser. Variables were evaluated based on the individual (age), environment (income, father's and mother's education, housing, government assistance, and parents' occupation), social and emotional well-being (CPQ11-14 domains), self-perceived need for orthodontic treatment, and clinical conditions (crowding, diastema, maxillary and mandibular overjet, and anterior open bite). Data were analyzed by Spearman correlation and by multivariate analysis, which allowed graphical representation of the eight variables studied in only two dimensions. RESULTS There was no correlation between bullying and variables related to the individual and the environment. Maxillary overjet and self-perception related to the need for orthodontic treatment were important to explain the data variability. CONCLUSIONS Malocclusion did not correlate with bullying history. However, increased maxillary overjet influences adolescent self-perception, suggesting a potential condition for bullying events.
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Meuffels SA, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Tjoa STH, Bonifacio CC, Carvajal Monroy PL. Malocclusion complexity and orthodontic treatment need in children with autism spectrum disorder. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6265-6273. [PMID: 35701552 PMCID: PMC9525343 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the malocclusion complexity and orthodontic treatment need among children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) referred for orthodontic treatment by quantifying the Discrepancy Index (DI) and Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). MATERIALS AND METHODS Dental records of 48 ASD and 49 non-ASD consecutive patients aged between 9 and 18 years (median age 13.0 years) referred for orthodontic treatment were reviewed and compared. The Discrepancy Index (DI) was quantified to determine the malocclusion complexity, and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), including the Dental Health Component (IOTN-DHC) and Aesthetic Component (IOTN-AC), was quantified to determine the orthodontic treatment need. Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, Pearson chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U tests, and several univariate and multivariate regression analyses. The statistical analysis used descriptive analysis, Pearson chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The results show that both malocclusion complexity (DI, p = 0.0010) and orthodontic treatment need (IOTN-DHC, p = 0.0025; IOTN-AC p = 0.0009) were significantly higher in children with ASD. Furthermore, children with ASD had a higher prevalence of increased overjet (p = .0016) and overbite (p = .031). CONCLUSIONS Malocclusion complexity and orthodontic treatment need are statistically significantly higher among children with ASD than children without ASD, independent of age and sex. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Children with autism may benefit from visits to a dental specialist (orthodontist) to prevent, to some extent, developing malocclusions from an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Meuffels
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands ,Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine/Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ,Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Stephen T. H. Tjoa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Clarissa C. Bonifacio
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paola L. Carvajal Monroy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Martins MV, Santos PRD, Carneiro DPA, Meneghim MDC, Menezes CCD, Vedovello SAS. Impact of facial profile on young adults' oral health-related quality-of-life item levels: A hierarchical analysis. Dental Press J Orthod 2021; 26:e2120147. [PMID: 34932709 PMCID: PMC8690352 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.26.6.e2120147.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the impact of facial profile on young adults’ oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) item levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a population-based sample of 205 young adults, with a mean age of 23.1 years. The individuals answered questions about OHRQoL (OHIP-14) and self-esteem (Global Negative Self-Evaluation). The Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was used to evaluate normative orthodontic treatment needs and define dental malocclusion clinically. Facial profile was analyzed using photographs and dichotomized into two levels: normal (straight) and altered facial profile (convex or concave). A calibrated researcher performed the clinical examination. Association between the independent variables and the outcome (OHRQoL) was established by hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis for each item level. Considering the variable of interest (facial profile), the psychological incapacity domain was the most affected item. Results: Individuals with changed facial profile had 2.47 (1.04-5.85) times higher chances of reporting impacts on psychological incapacity than those with a normal profile (p> 0.05). The association was modulated by dental malocclusion and self-esteem. Conclusions: The convex and concave facial profile showed a negative impact on the psychological aspects of young adults’ quality of life.
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González-Aragón Pineda ÁE, García Pérez A, Rosales-Ibáñez R, Stein-Gemora E. Relationship between the Normative Need for Orthodontic Treatment and Oral Health in Mexican Adolescents Aged 13-15 Years Old. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218107. [PMID: 33153121 PMCID: PMC7663477 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to establish a relationship between the Normative Need for Orthodontic Treatment (NNOT) and oral health among Mexican adolescents aged 13–15 years old. A convenience sample of 424 subjects in Mexico City participated in the study. The dependent variable used was NNOT, which was determined via the dental health component (grades 4 and 5) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The variables for oral health were as follows: caries experience, oral hygiene, self-reported temporomandibular joint pain, and self-reported bruxism. Logistic regression models were fitted to determine the association between NNOT and oral health. The prevalence of NNOT was 66.0% (280/424), and the crowding was the most prevalent occlusal anomaly with 36.1% (n = 135). Multivariate models showed that subjects with NNOT were more than twice as likely to present poor hygiene (OR = 2.56; p = 0.001) as subjects presenting crowding (>4 mm) (OR = 1.99; p = 0.004) and increased overjet (>6 mm) (OR = 1.74; p = 0.046). Those schoolchildren who presented anterior guidance were 72% less likely to present NNOT (OR = 0.28; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the risk of presenting NNOT in Mexican adolescents is high, with a prevalence of over 50% of which the most prevalent occlusal anomaly was crowding. On the other hand, poor oral hygiene was associated with crowding and increased overjet.
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