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Haddad AW, Adelakun A, Abouzeid W, Mirza N, Kumanayaka D, Haddad DW, Correia J. Black Cohosh: An Uncommon Culprit of Bradycardia in Postmenopausal Women. Cureus 2024; 16:e55984. [PMID: 38606233 PMCID: PMC11007446 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of herbal supplements has become increasingly prevalent, with black cohosh (BC) gaining popularity for managing menopausal symptoms. However, reports of adverse effects associated with BC are limited. We present a case of bradycardia linked to prolonged BC ingestion. A 76-year-old postmenopausal woman who has been taking BC for years has had syncopal attacks multiple times during the past years associated with bradycardia with the heart rate dropping to 30 beats/minute with no identifiable cause. Discontinuation of BC resulted in a gradual resolution of bradycardia, highlighting a plausible association. There were no additional pharmacological or invasive interventions required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad W Haddad
- Internal Medicine, Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, USA
| | | | - Wassim Abouzeid
- Internal Medicine, Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, USA
| | - Noreen Mirza
- Internal Medicine, Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, USA
| | | | - Deema W Haddad
- College of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JOR
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2
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Sadahiro R, Matsuoka LN, Zeng BS, Chen KH, Zeng BY, Wang HY, Chu CS, Stubbs B, Su KP, Tu YK, Wu YC, Lin PY, Chen TY, Chen YW, Suen MW, Hopwood M, Yang WC, Sun CK, Cheng YS, Shiue YL, Hung CM, Matsuoka YJ, Tseng PT. Black cohosh extracts in women with menopausal symptoms: an updated pairwise meta-analysis. Menopause 2023; 30:766-773. [PMID: 37192826 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Menopausal symptoms are common in midlife women and have broad impacts on their daily functioning and quality of life. Black cohosh extracts have been widely used to relieve menopausal symptoms. However, the comparative benefits of different combined black cohosh regimens remain inconclusive. The aim of the current updated meta-analysis is to address the comparative efficacies of different black cohosh regimens in improving menopausal symptoms. METHODS Random-effect model pairwise meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to investigate the treatment effect on menopausal symptoms by the black cohosh extract both alone or combined with other related active ingredients. The outcomes studied were changes in menopausal symptoms after treatment with black cohosh extracts in menopausal women. RESULTS Twenty-two articles including information on 2,310 menopausal women were included in the analyses. Black cohosh extracts were associated with significant improvements in overall menopausal symptoms (Hedges' g = 0.575, 95% CI = 0.283 to 0.867, P < 0.001), as well as in hot flashes (Hedges' g = 0.315, 95% CIs = 0.107 to 0.524, P = 0.003), and somatic symptoms (Hedges' g = 0.418, 95% CI = 0.165 to 0.670, P = 0.001), compared with placebo. However, black cohosh did not significantly improve anxiety (Hedges' g = 0.194, 95% CI = -0.296 to 0.684, P = 0.438) or depressive symptoms (Hedges' g = 0.406, 95% CI = -0.121 to 0.932, P = 0.131). The dropout rate for black cohosh products was similar to that for placebo (odds ratio = 0.911, 95% CI = 0.660 to 1.256, P = 0.568). CONCLUSIONS This study provides updated evidence regarding the potentially beneficial effects of black cohosh extracts for relieving menopausal symptoms in menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Sadahiro
- From the Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, National Cancer Center Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Keng-Hsu Chen
- Department of Medical Education, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, E-Da Healthcare Group, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yan Zeng
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Dachang Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | - Yi-Cheng Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Yen-Wen Chen
- Prospect Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Neurology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Yutaka J Matsuoka
- Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center Japan, Japan
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Feng C, Fay KE, Burns MM. Toxicities of herbal abortifacients. Am J Emerg Med 2023; 68:42-46. [PMID: 36924751 PMCID: PMC10192026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the post-Roe era, barriers to facility-based abortions may lead to an increased incidence of self-managed abortions. While misoprostol-based medication abortions have significant literature supporting its safety profile, there is a knowledge deficit within the medical community regarding the toxicities of commonly used herbal abortifacients. METHODS This is a narrative review, based on a MEDLINE and HOLLIS database search, of self-managed abortion methods with herbal abortifacients and their associated toxicities. RESULTS Common herbal abortifacients with significant morbidity and mortality implications include pennyroyal, blue cohosh, rue, and quinine. Other commonly reported abortifacients considered to be less toxic also are discussed in brief. Special considerations for hepatic, cardiac, renal, and hematologic toxicities are important in patients with significant exposures to these herbal substances. CONCLUSION There is an anticipated increase in the utility of herbal xenobiotics for self-managed abortions with post-Roe restrictions to standard mifepristone-misoprostol protocols. Frontline providers should be aware of the associated toxicities and have special considerations when treating a poisoned patient in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Feng
- Harvard Medical Toxicology, Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Fay
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michele M Burns
- Harvard Medical Toxicology, Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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The Link Between Reproductive History, Cardiovascular Disease, and Peripheral Arterial Disease in Women: Implications for Practice. J Nurse Pract 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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5
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Seifert-Klauss V. Phytotherapie bei klimakterischen Beschwerden. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-022-00468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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6
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Echeverria V, Echeverria F, Barreto GE, Echeverría J, Mendoza C. Estrogenic Plants: to Prevent Neurodegeneration and Memory Loss and Other Symptoms in Women After Menopause. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644103. [PMID: 34093183 PMCID: PMC8172769 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, sexual hormones such as estrogens play an essential role in maintaining brain homeostasis and function. Estrogen deficit in the brain induces many undesirable symptoms such as learning and memory impairment, sleep and mood disorders, hot flushes, and fatigue. These symptoms are frequent in women who reached menopausal age or have had ovariectomy and in men and women subjected to anti-estrogen therapy. Hormone replacement therapy alleviates menopause symptoms; however, it can increase cardiovascular and cancer diseases. In the search for therapeutic alternatives, medicinal plants and specific synthetic and natural molecules with estrogenic effects have attracted widespread attention between the public and the scientific community. Various plants have been used for centuries to alleviate menstrual and menopause symptoms, such as Cranberry, Ginger, Hops, Milk Thistle, Red clover, Salvia officinalis, Soy, Black cohosh, Turnera diffusa, Ushuva, and Vitex. This review aims to highlight current evidence about estrogenic medicinal plants and their pharmacological effects on cognitive deficits induced by estrogen deficiency during menopause and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepcion, Chile
- Research and Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, Unites States
| | | | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristhian Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepcion, Chile
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Herb-Induced Liver Injury by Cimicifuga racemosa and Thuja occidentalis Herbal Medications for Fertility. Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2021; 2021:8858310. [PMID: 33532101 PMCID: PMC7814407 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8858310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Herb-induced liver injury (HILI) is often an underreported sequela for many herbal remedies due to the lack of safety measurements involving these supplements. Cimicifuga racemosa and Thuja occidentalis are two herbal medications commonly used by women for fertility purposes. Many herbal preparations of these two supplements do not specify the risks behind their individual usage. We present a case of a 40-year-old woman who developed acute liver injury after concomitant use of these two products assessed for causality using the updated RUCAM. Upon a detailed investigation, the patient did not have evidence of underlying liver disease or any other risk factors to explain her presentation. After discontinuation of both herbal supplements, the patient had complete resolution of her symptoms and a significant improvement of transaminitis. This report highlights the importance of potential risk of hepatotoxicity induced by concomitant use of Cimicifuga racemosa and Thuja occidentalis.
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8
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Therapeutische Interventionen bei peri- und postmenopausalen Beschwerden. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-020-00306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Salehi B, Butnariu M, Corneanu M, Sarac I, Vlaisavljevic S, Kitic D, Rahavian A, Abedi A, Karkan MF, Bhatt ID, Jantwal A, Sharifi-Rad J, Rodrigues CF, Martorell M, Martins N. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome: Highlighting medicinal plants toward biomolecules discovery for upcoming drugs formulation. Phytother Res 2019; 34:769-787. [PMID: 31799719 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) can be triggered by a various types of gynecological, gastrointestinal, urological, and musculoskeletal disorders. Recently, the role of the central nervous system has proven to be an integral part on the development of any chronic pain syndrome, including CPPS. However, owing to the complex and heterogeneous etiology and pathophysiology of CPPS, the establishment of effective therapeutic interventions remains challenging for both physicians and patients. Nonetheless, recent studies have pointed that medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites can be effectively used in CPPS therapy, besides contributing to restore the patients' quality of life and potentiate the conventional CPPS management. In this sense, this review aims to provide a careful overview on the biomedical data for the use of medicinal plants use and their secondary metabolites on CPPS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, University of Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Corneanu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, University of Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Sarac
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, University of Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Sanja Vlaisavljevic
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dusanka Kitic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Niš, Bul. Zorana Djindjica 81, Serbia
| | - Amirhossein Rahavian
- Department of Urology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Abedi
- Department of Urology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza F Karkan
- Department of Urology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Indra D Bhatt
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi Katarmal, Almora, India
| | - Arvind Jantwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Célia F Rodrigues
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.,Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Portugal
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10
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Crone M, Hallman K, Lloyd V, Szmyd M, Badamo B, Morse M, Dinda S. The antiestrogenic effects of black cohosh on BRCA1 and steroid receptors in breast cancer cells. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2019; 11:99-110. [PMID: 30858726 PMCID: PMC6385778 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s181730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Black cohosh (BC) is an herbal remedy often used by women to treat symptoms associated with menopause. Research has shown that the molecular activity of BC is associated with estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) regulation. Progesterone receptor (PR) expression is found to be consistent with ER expression and mutations in the BRCA1 gene, a tumor-suppressor gene, are known to be responsible for about 40%–45% of hereditary breast cancers. Purpose The objective of this study was to determine the effects of BC alone, as well as in combination with hormones and antihormones, on cell viability and expression of ER-α, PR, and BRCA1 in both T-47D and MCF-7 cell lines. Methods Cells were cultured in charcoal-stripped serum prior to their treatment and subsequent protein extraction. Western blot analyses were performed following a Bio-Rad Bradford protein assay and SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, with ECL luminescence and Image Studio Lite software. Cellular viability assays were performed using propidium iodine (PI) staining, and the distribution of fluorescent structures was evaluated through confocal microscopy. RT-qPCR analysis was performed on extracted cellular RNA. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software, and data was subjected to Kruskal-Wallis testing, followed by post-hoc analysis using the Mann-Whitney U-test to determine the statistical significance of all findings. Results Western blot analysis displayed significant alterations of ER-α, PR, and BRCA1 protein levels after 24-hour treatment with 80–500 μM BC. BC displayed a concentration-dependent decrease on ER-α and BRCA1 expression, with an 87% reduction of ER-α expression and a 43% of BRCA1 expression in T-47D cells compared to control. After six days of treatment with 400 μM BC, a 50% decrease in cell proliferation was observed. Following 24 hours of co-treatment with 400 μM BC and 10 nM E2, ER-α was downregulated by 90% and BRCA1 expression was reduced by 70% compared to control. The expression of PR, following the same treatment, exhibited similar effects. The proliferative effect of E2 was reduced in the presence of BC. Conclusion Black Cohosh demonstrates substantial anti-cancer properties, and this study may significantly aid in the understanding of the molecular effects of BC on ER-α, PR, and BRCA1 in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Crone
- Department of Biomedical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4476, USA, .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Center of Biomedical Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4476, USA,
| | - Kelly Hallman
- Department of Biomedical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4476, USA, .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Center of Biomedical Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4476, USA,
| | - Victoria Lloyd
- Department of Biomedical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4476, USA, .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Center of Biomedical Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4476, USA,
| | - Monica Szmyd
- Department of Biomedical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4476, USA, .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Center of Biomedical Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4476, USA,
| | - Briana Badamo
- Department of Biomedical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4476, USA, .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Center of Biomedical Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4476, USA,
| | - Mia Morse
- Department of Biomedical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4476, USA, .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Center of Biomedical Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4476, USA,
| | - Sumi Dinda
- Department of Biomedical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4476, USA, .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Center of Biomedical Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4476, USA,
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Hairi HA, Shuid AN, Ibrahim N‘I, Jamal JA, Mohamed N, Mohamed IN. The Effects and Action Mechanisms of Phytoestrogens on Vasomotor Symptoms During Menopausal Transition: Thermoregulatory Mechanism. Curr Drug Targets 2018; 20:192-200. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666170816123740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Phytoestrogens have recently been claimed to positively influence menopausal
discomforts, including hot flashes. However, little is known about the influence of phytoestrogens
on core body temperature during oestrogen fluctuation at menopause.
Objective:
Previously published findings showed that phytoestrogens could relieve menopausal complaints,
thus, the present review was aimed at assessing the effects of phytoestrogens on thermoregulatory
mechanism during menopausal transition.
Results:
The molecular mechanisms underlying hot flashes are complex. Oestrogen fluctuations cause
hypothalamic thermoregulatory centre dysfunction, which leads to hot flashes during menopause. The
phytoestrogens of interest, in relation to human health, include isoflavones, lignans, coumestans, and
stilbenes, which are widely distributed in nature. The phytoestrogens are capable of reducing hot
flashes via their oestrogen-like hormone actions. The potential effects of phytoestrogens on hot flashes
and their molecular mechanisms of action on thermoregulatory centre are discussed in this review.
Conclusion:
The effects of phytoestrogens on these mechanisms may help explain their beneficial effects
in alleviating hot flashes and other menopausal discomforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haryati Ahmad Hairi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Nazrun Shuid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul ‘Izzah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Lincoln University College, Jalan Stadium, SS 7/15, Kelana Jaya, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamia Azdina Jamal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norazlina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Setzer WN. The Phytochemistry of Cherokee Aromatic Medicinal Plants. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E121. [PMID: 30424560 PMCID: PMC6313439 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Native Americans have had a rich ethnobotanical heritage for treating diseases, ailments, and injuries. Cherokee traditional medicine has provided numerous aromatic and medicinal plants that not only were used by the Cherokee people, but were also adopted for use by European settlers in North America. Methods: The aim of this review was to examine the Cherokee ethnobotanical literature and the published phytochemical investigations on Cherokee medicinal plants and to correlate phytochemical constituents with traditional uses and biological activities. Results: Several Cherokee medicinal plants are still in use today as herbal medicines, including, for example, yarrow (Achillea millefolium), black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), and blue skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora). This review presents a summary of the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and biological activities of Cherokee aromatic and medicinal plants. Conclusions: The list is not complete, however, as there is still much work needed in phytochemical investigation and pharmacological evaluation of many traditional herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA.
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Huyen CTT, Luyen BTT, Khan GJ, Oanh HV, Hung TM, Li HJ, Li P. Chemical Constituents from Cimicifuga dahurica and Their Anti-Proliferative Effects on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051083. [PMID: 29734650 PMCID: PMC6102574 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to search for novel anti-cancer compounds from natural plants. The 70% ethanolic extract from the rizhomes of Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim. (Ranunculaceae) was found to possess significant in vitro anti-proliferative effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. A phytochemical investigation using assay-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of C. dahurica resulted in the isolation of one new phenolic amide glycoside 3, two new lignan glycosides 4 and 7, one new 9,19-cycloartane triterpenoid glycoside 6, and thirteen known constituents 1, 2, 5, and 8⁻17. The structures of 3, 4, 6, and 7 were established using contemporary NMR methods and from their HRESIMS data. The anti-proliferative effects of isolated compounds were evaluated using the BrdU-proliferation kit. Five among the 17 isolated compounds showed significant anti-proliferative effects (p ≤ 0.05), wherein compound 7 showed the most significant anti-proliferative and cell cycle arresting effect (p ≤ 0.05) which followed a dose dependent manner. Western blot protein expression analysis showed a down expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1 which further elucidated the anti-proliferation mechanism of compound 7 while apoptotic effects were found in association with Bcl-2 family protein expression variations. Conclusively this study reports the isolation and identification of 17 compounds from C. dahurica, including four novel molecules, in addition to the fact that compound 7 possesses significant anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects in vitro that may require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Thi Thanh Huyen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Hanoi Univerisity of Pharmacy, 13⁻15 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | | | - Ghulam Jilany Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering (BME), Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Ha Van Oanh
- Hanoi Univerisity of Pharmacy, 13⁻15 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Ta Manh Hung
- National Institute of Drug Quality Control (NIDQC), 48 Hai Ba Trung, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S, Azimi-Nezhad M, Hozeifi S. The Hepato-protective Effects of Portulaca oleracea L. extract: Review. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2018; 16:122-126. [PMID: 29600768 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666180330142724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portulaca oleracea L. (Purslane) has been used in traditional medicine against hepatic injury, although its actual efficacy has not been fully understood. The present study aimed to critically review the recent literature data from 1990 to 2017 regarding the hepato-protective effects of Portulaca oleracea L. and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Online literature resources were checked using different search engines such as Medline, PubMed, Iran Medex, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify articles, editorials, and reviews about antidotal effects of Portulaca oleracea L. against hepatotoxic agents. RESULTS Few studies have indicated that Portulaca oleracea L. shows protective effects against hepatotoxic agents. However, due to lack of information in humans, more studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of Portulaca oleracea L. as a hepato-protective agent. CONCLUSION The study found that Portulaca oleracea L. may be effective on hepatotoxicity by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Soroush Hozeifi
- Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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15
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Alonso-Castro AJ, Domínguez F, Ruiz-Padilla AJ, Campos-Xolalpa N, Zapata-Morales JR, Carranza-Alvarez C, Maldonado-Miranda JJ. Medicinal Plants from North and Central America and the Caribbean Considered Toxic for Humans: The Other Side of the Coin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:9439868. [PMID: 29234446 PMCID: PMC5688365 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9439868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of medicinal plants has notably increased over the past two decades. People consider herbal products as safe because of their natural origin, without taking into consideration whether these plants contain a toxic principle. This represents a serious health problem. A bibliographic search was carried out using published scientific material on native plants from Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, which describe the ethnobotanical and toxicological information of medicinal plants empirically considered to be toxic. A total of 216 medicinal plants belonging to 77 families have been reported as toxic. Of these plants, 76 had been studied, and 140 plants lacked studies regarding their toxicological effects. The toxicity of 16 plants species has been reported in clinical cases, particularly in children. From these plants, deaths have been reported with the consumption of Chenopodium ambrosioides, Argemone mexicana, and Thevetia peruviana. In most of the cases, the principle of the plant responsible for the toxicity is unknown. There is limited information about the toxicity of medicinal plants used in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. More toxicological studies are necessary to contribute information about the safe use of the medicinal plants cited in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, GTO, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Domínguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, PUE, Mexico
| | - Alan Joel Ruiz-Padilla
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, GTO, Mexico
| | - Nimsi Campos-Xolalpa
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Ramón Zapata-Morales
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, GTO, Mexico
| | - Candy Carranza-Alvarez
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria de la Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles, SLP, Mexico
| | - Juan Jose Maldonado-Miranda
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria de la Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles, SLP, Mexico
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16
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López-Gil S, Nuño-Lámbarri N, Chávez-Tapia N, Uribe M, Barbero-Becerra VJ. Liver toxicity mechanisms of herbs commonly used in Latin America. Drug Metab Rev 2017; 49:338-356. [PMID: 28571502 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1335750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mexico owns approximately 4500 medicinal plants species, a great diversity that position it at the second place after China. According to the Mexican health department, 90% of common population consumes them to treat various diseases. Additionally, herbal remedies in Latin America (LA) are considered a common practice, but the frequency of use and the liver damage related to its consumption is still unknown. Despite the high prevalence and indiscriminate herbal consumption, the exact mechanism of hepatotoxicity and adverse effects is not fully clarified and is still questioned. Some herb products associated with herb induced liver injury (HILI) are characterized by presenting a different chemical composition that may vary from batch to batch, also the biological activity of many medicinal plants and other natural products are directly related to their most active component and its concentration. There are two main biological components that are associated with liver damage, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which are frequent constituents of commonly used herbs. The interaction with the different cytochrome P-450 isoforms, inflammatory, and oxidative activities seem to be the main damage pathway involved in the liver. It is important to know the herbal adverse effects and mechanisms involved; therefore, this article is focused on the beneficial and deleterious effects as well as the possible toxicity mechanisms and interactions of the herbs that are frequently used in LA, since the herb-host interaction may not always be the expected or desired depending on the clinical context in which it is administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía López-Gil
- a Translational Research Unit , Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation , Mexico City , Mexico.,b Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla , Puebla , Mexico
| | - Natalia Nuño-Lámbarri
- a Translational Research Unit , Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Norberto Chávez-Tapia
- a Translational Research Unit , Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation , Mexico City , Mexico.,c Obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit , Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Misael Uribe
- c Obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit , Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation , Mexico City , Mexico
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17
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The safety and tolerance of phytotherapies in menopausal medicine - a review of the literature. MENOPAUSE REVIEW 2017; 16:8-11. [PMID: 28546801 PMCID: PMC5437054 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2017.67365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are polyphenol, non-steroidal substances of plant origin, resembling 17β-estradiol in structure. These substances can act as either agonists or antagonists of oestrogen receptors α and β. Phytoestrogens are widely used to alleviate menopausal symptoms, such as hot flushes and night sweats. Most of the currently available products of plant origin registered to soften climacteric symptoms consist of extracts obtained from soy, red clover, or black cohosh. Non-hormonal phytotherapy is a new alternative for patients suffering from menopausal symptoms. Active ingredients such as PI 82-GC FEM extract do not show any direct hormonal mechanisms of action typical for oestrogens and phytoestrogens. There are concerns about the safety and tolerability of phytoestrogens. In this review we summarise the current literature regarding the clinical aspect of safety and tolerance of different phytotherapies used to relieve menopausal symptoms.
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18
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Shamshad Begum S, Jayalakshmi HK, Vidyavathi HG, Gopakumar G, Abin I, Balu M, Geetha K, Suresha SV, Vasundhara M, Krishnakumar IM. A Novel Extract of Fenugreek Husk (FenuSMART™) Alleviates Postmenopausal Symptoms and Helps to Establish the Hormonal Balance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1775-1784. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Shamshad Begum
- Bakery and Value Addition Centre; University of Agricultural Sciences; Bangalore 560024 India
- University of Agricultural Sciences; Bangalore 560065 India
| | - H. K. Jayalakshmi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition; Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research; Bangalore 560069 India
| | - H. G. Vidyavathi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition; Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research; Bangalore 560069 India
| | - G. Gopakumar
- R&D Centre; Akay Flavours & Aromatics Ltd.; Ambunadu, Malaidamthuruthu P.O. Cochin 683561 India
| | - Issac Abin
- R&D Centre; Akay Flavours & Aromatics Ltd.; Ambunadu, Malaidamthuruthu P.O. Cochin 683561 India
| | - Maliakel Balu
- R&D Centre; Akay Flavours & Aromatics Ltd.; Ambunadu, Malaidamthuruthu P.O. Cochin 683561 India
| | - K. Geetha
- Bakery and Value Addition Centre; University of Agricultural Sciences; Bangalore 560024 India
| | - S. V. Suresha
- Bakery and Value Addition Centre; University of Agricultural Sciences; Bangalore 560024 India
| | - M. Vasundhara
- University of Agricultural Sciences; Bangalore 560065 India
| | - I. M. Krishnakumar
- R&D Centre; Akay Flavours & Aromatics Ltd.; Ambunadu, Malaidamthuruthu P.O. Cochin 683561 India
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19
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Herbal Medicine for Hot Flushes Induced by Endocrine Therapy in Women with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:1327251. [PMID: 27418936 PMCID: PMC4932177 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1327251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of herbal medicine (HM) as an alternative management for hot flushes induced by endocrine therapy in breast cancer patients. Methods. Key English and Chinese language databases were searched from inception to July 2015. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of HM on hot flushes induced by endocrine therapy in women with breast cancer were retrieved. We conducted data collection and analysis in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Statistical analysis was performed with the software (Review Manager 5.3). Results. 19 articles were selected from the articles retrieved, and 5 articles met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Some included individual studies showed that HM can relieve hot flushes as well as other menopausal symptoms induced by endocrine therapy among women with breast cancer and improve the quality of life. There are minor side effects related to HM which are well tolerated. Conclusion. Given the small number of included studies and relatively poor methodological quality, there is insufficient evidence to draw positive conclusions regarding the objective benefit of HM. Additional high quality studies are needed with more rigorous methodological approach to answer this question.
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20
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Masada S. Authentication of the botanical origin of Western herbal products using Cimicifuga and Vitex products as examples. J Nat Med 2016; 70:361-75. [PMID: 27188194 PMCID: PMC4935754 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Various herbal medicines have been developed and used in various parts of the world for thousands of years. Although locally grown indigenous plants were originally used for traditional herbal preparations, Western herbal products are now becoming popular in Japan with the increasing interest in health. At the same time, there are growing concerns about the substitution of ingredients and adulteration of herbal products, highlighting the need for the authentication of the origin of plants used in herbal products. This review describes studies on Cimicifuga and Vitex products developed in Europe and Japan, focusing on establishing analytical methods to evaluate the origins of material plants and finished products. These methods include a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method and a multiplex amplification refractory mutation system method. A genome-based authentication method and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based authentication for black cohosh products, and the identification of two characteristic diterpenes of agnus castus fruit and a shrub chaste tree fruit-specific triterpene derivative are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Masada
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan.
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21
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Mudge EM, Betz JM, Brown PN. The Importance of Method Selection in Determining Product Integrity for Nutrition Research. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:390-8. [PMID: 26980823 PMCID: PMC4785475 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.010611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The American Herbal Products Association estimates that there as many as 3000 plant species in commerce. The FDA estimates that there are about 85,000 dietary supplement products in the marketplace. The pace of product innovation far exceeds that of analytical methods development and validation, with new ingredients, matrixes, and combinations resulting in an analytical community that has been unable to keep up. This has led to a lack of validated analytical methods for dietary supplements and to inappropriate method selection where methods do exist. Only after rigorous validation procedures to ensure that methods are fit for purpose should they be used in a routine setting to verify product authenticity and quality. By following systematic procedures and establishing performance requirements for analytical methods before method development and validation, methods can be developed that are both valid and fit for purpose. This review summarizes advances in method selection, development, and validation regarding herbal supplement analysis and provides several documented examples of inappropriate method selection and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Mudge
- Centre for Applied Research and Innovation, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, Canada; and
| | | | - Paula N Brown
- Centre for Applied Research and Innovation, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, Canada; and
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22
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Blitz MJ, Smith-Levitin M, Rochelson B. Severe Hyponatremia Associated with Use of Black Cohosh during Prolonged Labor and Unsuccessful Home Birth. AJP Rep 2016; 6:e121-4. [PMID: 26989565 PMCID: PMC4794442 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1579537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There has been an increase in the use of herbal supplements during pregnancy, which are frequently of unproven efficacy and safety. We present a case of severe hyponatremia and altered mental status associated with the use of black cohosh during prolonged labor. Case A 39-year-old primigravida at 38(5/7) weeks of gestational age presented to the emergency department after she became disoriented and lethargic while laboring at home with a midwife. She had consumed several doses of black cohosh to induce and augment labor. On presentation, she was nonverbal and unable to follow commands. Her serum sodium was 114 mmol/L (range, 132-145 mmol/L), serum osmolality was 253 mOsm/kg (range, 275-300 mOsm/kg), urine osmolality was 190 mOsm/kg (range, 300-900 mOsm/kg), and urine sodium was <10 mmol/L. The patient soon became uncooperative and combative and a cesarean section was performed. Postoperatively, she was transferred to the intensive care unit for monitoring and correction of her sodium. Her mental status returned to baseline and she was subsequently discharged home without further complication. Discussion Clinically significant hyponatremia associated with pregnancy is rare. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of black cohosh and other commonly used herbal supplements during pregnancy and labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Blitz
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York
| | - Michelle Smith-Levitin
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York
| | - Burton Rochelson
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York
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Izzo AA, Hoon-Kim S, Radhakrishnan R, Williamson EM. A Critical Approach to Evaluating Clinical Efficacy, Adverse Events and Drug Interactions of Herbal Remedies. Phytother Res 2016; 30:691-700. [PMID: 26887532 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses represent the uppermost ladders in the hierarchy of evidence. Systematic reviews/meta-analyses suggest preliminary or satisfactory clinical evidence for agnus castus (Vitex agnus castus) for premenstrual complaints, flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) for hypertension, feverfew (Tanacetum partenium) for migraine prevention, ginger (Zingiber officinalis) for pregnancy-induced nausea, ginseng (Panax ginseng) for improving fasting glucose levels as well as phytoestrogens and St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) for the relief of some symptoms in menopause. However, firm conclusions of efficacy cannot be generally drawn. On the other hand, inconclusive evidence of efficacy or contradictory results have been reported for Aloe vera in the treatment of psoriasis, cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) in cystitis prevention, ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) for tinnitus and intermittent claudication, echinacea (Echinacea spp.) for the prevention of common cold and pomegranate (Punica granatum) for the prevention/treatment of cardiovascular diseases. A critical evaluation of the clinical data regarding the adverse effects has shown that herbal remedies are generally better tolerated than synthetic medications. Nevertheless, potentially serious adverse events, including herb-drug interactions, have been described. This suggests the need to be vigilant when using herbal remedies, particularly in specific conditions, such as during pregnancy and in the paediatric population. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sung Hoon-Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
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Calitz C, du Plessis L, Gouws C, Steyn D, Steenekamp J, Muller C, Hamman S. Herbal hepatotoxicity: current status, examples, and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:1551-65. [PMID: 26149408 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1064110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Herbal medicines have commonly been considered safe by the general public due to their natural origin and long history of traditional uses. In contrast to this belief, many plants produce toxic substances as secondary metabolites that are sometimes not easily distinguishable from the pharmacological active compounds. Some herbal medicines have been associated with adverse effects and toxic effects, including hepatotoxicity, which have been reversed upon discontinuation of the herbal medicine by the patient. AREAS COVERED This review reflects on selected herbal medicines that are associated with hepatotoxic effects including a description of the phytochemicals that have been linked to liver injury where available. Although case studies are discussed where patients presented with hepatotoxicity due to use of herbal medicines, results from both in vitro and in vivo studies that have been undertaken to confirm liver injury are also included. EXPERT OPINION Increasing evidence of herbal hepatotoxicity has become available through case reports; however, several factors contribute to challenges associated with causality assessment and pre-emptive testing as well as diagnosis of herb-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlemi Calitz
- a 1 North-West University, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa +27 18 299 4035 ; +27 87 231 5432 ;
| | - Lissinda du Plessis
- a 1 North-West University, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa +27 18 299 4035 ; +27 87 231 5432 ;
| | - Chrisna Gouws
- a 1 North-West University, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa +27 18 299 4035 ; +27 87 231 5432 ;
| | - Dewald Steyn
- a 1 North-West University, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa +27 18 299 4035 ; +27 87 231 5432 ;
| | - Jan Steenekamp
- a 1 North-West University, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa +27 18 299 4035 ; +27 87 231 5432 ;
| | - Christo Muller
- b 2 Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council , P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Sias Hamman
- a 1 North-West University, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa +27 18 299 4035 ; +27 87 231 5432 ;
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Bae HS, Kim IS, Kang JS, Song JY. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from adenomyosis after black cohosh with St John's wort. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2015; 34:213-4. [PMID: 24456461 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.859240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H S Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
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26
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Ulbricht C, Windsor RC. An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa, Actaea racemosa) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. J Diet Suppl 2014; 12:265-358. [PMID: 25153652 DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2014.946731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An evidence-based systematic review of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa, Actaea racemosa) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration consolidates the safety and efficacy data available in the scientific literature using a validated, reproducible grading rationale. This article includes written and statistical analysis of clinical trials, plus a compilation of expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
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27
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Ismail R, Taylor-Swanson L, Thomas A, Schnall JG, Cray L, Mitchell ES, Woods NF. Effects of herbal preparations on symptom clusters during the menopausal transition. Climacteric 2014; 18:11-28. [PMID: 24605800 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2014.900746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the effects of herbal therapies on hot flushes and at least one other symptom including, sleep, mood, cognition, and pain that women experience during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause. METHODS An extensive search of PubMed/Medline, CINAHL Plus, PsycInfo, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, EMBASE, AMED, and Alt-Health Watch for randomized, controlled trials reported in English between January 2004 and July was conducted by an experienced reference librarian. There were 1193 abstracts identified but only 58 trials examined effectiveness of therapies for hot flushes and at least one additional co-occurring symptom. RESULTS Seventeen studies used herbal preparation including seven studies of black cohosh, two studies of black cohosh mixed with other herbals, and eight studies of other herbals. Of these, one study of black cohosh, two studies of black cohosh mixed with other herbals, and four other herbal studies had significant effects on hot flushes and at least one additional co-occurring symptom. The adverse events of herbal therapies were various, ranging from mild to moderate and women were generally tolerant of the preparations. CONCLUSIONS Black cohosh mixed with other herbals, Rheum rhaponticum, and French maritime pine bark had significant effects on hot flushes and at least one other symptom. These herbal therapies may be a promising alternative treatment to hormonal treatment. Future studies should classify women based on their menopausal stages, report each symptom separately, have adequate sample size, focus on multiple co-occurring symptoms, and target symptom management of menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ismail
- * School of Nursing, University of Washington , USA
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Qiu F, McAlpine JB, Krause EC, Chen SN, Pauli GF. Pharmacognosy of Black Cohosh: The Phytochemical and Biological Profile of a Major Botanical Dietary Supplement. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 99 2014; 99:1-68. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04900-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
This overview of systematic reviews (SRs) aims to evaluate critically the evidence regarding the adverse effects of herbal medicines (HMs). Five electronic databases were searched to identify all relevant SRs, with 50 SRs of 50 different HMs meeting our inclusion criteria. Most had only minor weaknesses in methods. Serious adverse effects were noted only for four HMs: Herbae pulvis standardisatus, Larrea tridentate, Piper methysticum and Cassia senna. The most severe adverse effects were liver or kidney damage, colon perforation, carcinoma, coma and death. Moderately severe adverse effects were noted for 15 HMs: Pelargonium sidoides, Perna canaliculus, Aloe vera, Mentha piperita, Medicago sativa, Cimicifuga racemosa, Caulophyllum thalictroides, Serenoa repens, Taraxacum officinale, Camellia sinensis, Commifora mukul, Hoodia gordonii, Viscum album, Trifolium pratense and Stevia rebaudiana. Minor adverse effects were noted for 31 HMs: Thymus vulgaris, Lavandula angustifolia Miller, Boswellia serrata, Calendula officinalis, Harpagophytum procumbens, Panax ginseng, Vitex agnus-castus, Crataegus spp., Cinnamomum spp., Petasites hybridus, Agave americana, Hypericum perforatum, Echinacea spp., Silybum marianum, Capsicum spp., Genus phyllanthus, Ginkgo biloba, Valeriana officinalis, Hippocastanaceae, Melissa officinalis, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Cnicus benedictus, Salvia hispanica, Vaccinium myrtillus, Mentha spicata, Rosmarinus officinalis, Crocus sativus, Gymnema sylvestre, Morinda citrifolia and Curcuma longa. Most of the HMs evaluated in SRs were associated with only moderately severe or minor adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Posadzki
- Peninsula Medical School, Veysey Building, Exeter, Devon.
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Woerdenbag HJ, Nguyen TM, Vu DV, Tran H, Nguyen DT, Tran TV, De Smet PAGM, Brouwers JRBJ. Vietnamese traditional medicine from a pharmacist's perspective. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2013; 5:459-77. [PMID: 22943125 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.12.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Traditional medicine plays an important role in the healthcare system of Vietnam. Vietnamese traditional medicine (VTM) is underpinned by the oriental philosophy and theory of healing. VTM is largely influenced by traditional Chinese medicine, but differs to a certain extent. VTM is largely not evidence-based from a clinical perspective but subclinical research data from the past decades support the traditional use of many herbal VTM drugs. For safe use, knowledge of the occurrence of adverse reactions and herb-drug interactions is necessary. The Vietnamese government supports further development of VTM in a scientific way and integration of VTM with Western medicine. This article first gives an overview of the general aspects of VTM (historical perspective, regulatory aspects, comparison with traditional Chinese medicine, philosophical background, the Vietnamese market situation, quality assurance and formulations), and subsequently focuses on its safe and effective use in Vietnamese clinical pharmacy and medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman J Woerdenbag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopause can be a distressing and disruptive time for many women, with many experiencing hot flushes, night sweats, vaginal atrophy and dryness. Postmenopausal women are also at increased risk of osteoporosis. Interventions that decrease the severity and frequency of these menopausal symptoms are likely to improve a woman's well-being and quality of life. Hormone therapy has been shown to be effective in controlling the symptoms of menopause; however, many potentially serious adverse effects have been associated with this treatment. Evidence from experimental studies suggests that black cohosh may be a biologically plausible alternative treatment for menopause; even so, findings from studies investigating the clinical effectiveness of black cohosh have, to date, been inconsistent. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa or Actaea racemosa) for treating menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. SEARCH METHODS Relevant studies were identified through AARP Ageline, AMED, AMI, BioMed Central gateway, CAM on PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Health Source Nursing/Academic edition, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, MEDLINE, Natural medicines comprehensive database, PsycINFO, TRIP database, clinical trial registers and the reference lists of included trials; up to March 2012. Content experts and manufacturers of black cohosh extracts were also contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials comparing orally administered monopreparations of black cohosh to placebo or active medication in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected trials, extracted data and completed the 'Risk of bias' assessment. Study authors were contacted for missing information. MAIN RESULTS Sixteen randomised controlled trials, recruiting a total of 2027 perimenopausal or postmenopausal women, were identified. All studies used oral monopreparations of black cohosh at a median daily dose of 40 mg, for a mean duration of 23 weeks. Comparator interventions included placebo, hormone therapy, red clover and fluoxetine. Reported outcomes included vasomotor symptoms, vulvovaginal symptoms, menopausal symptom scores and adverse effects. There was no significant difference between black cohosh and placebo in the frequency of hot flushes (mean difference (MD) 0.07 flushes per day; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.43 to 0.56 flushes per day; P=0.79; 393 women; three trials; moderate heterogeneity: I(2) = 47%) or in menopausal symptom scores (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.10; 95% CI -0.32 to 0.11; P = 0.34; 357 women; four trials; low heterogeneity: I(2) = 21%). Compared to black cohosh, hormone therapy significantly reduced daily hot flush frequency (three trials; data not pooled) and menopausal symptom scores (SMD 0.32; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.51; P=0.0009; 468 women; five trials; substantial heterogeneity: I(2) = 69%). These findings should be interpreted with caution given the heterogeneity between studies. Comparisons of the effectiveness of black cohosh and other interventions were either inconclusive (because of considerable heterogeneity or an insufficient number of studies) or not statistically significant. Similarly, evidence on the safety of black cohosh was inconclusive, owing to poor reporting. There were insufficient data to pool results for health-related quality of life, sexuality, bone health, vulvovaginal atrophic symptoms and night sweats. No trials reported cost-effectiveness data. The quality of included trials was generally unclear, owing to inadequate reporting. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is currently insufficient evidence to support the use of black cohosh for menopausal symptoms. However, there is adequate justification for conducting further studies in this area. The uncertain quality of identified trials highlights the need for improved reporting of study methods, particularly with regards to allocation concealment and the handling of incomplete outcome data. The effect of black cohosh on other important outcomes, such as health-related quality of life, sexuality, bone health, night sweats and cost-effectiveness also warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Leach
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
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Hui Z, Xiaoyan M, Mukun Y, Ke W, Liyuan Y, Sainan Z, Jing J, Lihua Q, Wenpei B. Effects of black cohosh and estrogen on the hypothalamic nuclei of ovariectomized rats at different temperatures. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:769-775. [PMID: 22683907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. (CR), known as black cohosh, has been used in Europe as a medicinal plant for more than a century and its roots have been widely used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Remifemin, the main ingredient in liquid or tablet medications prepared from isopropyl alcohol extracts of black cohosh rhizome, has also been evaluated in clinical studies. OBJECTIVES To observe changes in the expression of the c-Fos protein in the hypothalamic nuclei of four groups of rats-sham-operated group (SHAM), ovariectomized (OVX) group, ovariectomized group treated with estrogen(OVX+E), and ovariectomized group treated with the isopropanol extract of Cimicifuga racemosa (OVX+ICR)-and to investigate the mechanisms of black cohosh and estrogen that take place in the hypothalamic nuclei of ovariectomized rats. METHODS Fifty rats were assigned to each of the four groups and placed in incubators at 4 °C, 10 °C, 25 °C, 33 °C, or 38 °C for 2 h. They were then anesthetized, and their brains were removed after heart perfusion. c-Fos expression in the hypothalamic nuclei was evaluated using immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS In the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), ventromedial preoptic nucleus (VMPO), and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCh) of the SHAM group, in the anterior hypothalamic area (AH) and supraoptic nucleus (SO) of all four groups, and in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the SHAM, OVX and OVX+E groups, the c-Fos-positive cell densities all changed in a similar manner: the cell density decreased when the temperature was less than 25 °C and the density increased when the temperature was greater than 25 °C, demonstrating a V-type curve. The c-Fos density was lowest at 25°C. The other nuclei demonstrated irregular changes. The positive cell densities in the MnPO, AH, and PVN of the SHAM, OVX+E, and OVX+ICR groups were greater than the densities measured in the OVX group at all temperatures, except 25 °C. Positive cell densities in the SHAM, OVX+E, and OVX+ICR groups were greater than the densities measured in the OVX groups in the MPA at 25 °C, in the VMPO at 4 °C, 33 °C, and 38 °C, in the SO at 4 °C, 10 °C, and 38 °C, and in the SCh at 33 °C. CONCLUSION Regardless of the temperature, positive cell densities were lower in the MnPO, MPA, VMPO, AH, SCh, SO, and PVN of the OVX groups in comparison with the densities measured in the same sites in the SHAM group. Following the administration of black cohosh and estrogen, the positive cell densities in the OVX groups increased and became closer to, or exceeded, those measured in the SHAM group, suggesting that both drugs may act on the hypothalamic nuclei and have therapeutic effects on menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Hui
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Beijing University First Hospital, China
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Initially purported hepatotoxicity by Pelargonium sidoides: the dilemma of pharmacovigilance and proposals for improvement. Ann Hepatol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1665-2681(19)31464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Soni KK, Lawal TO, Locklear TD, Mahady GB. Black Cohosh for Menopause: Safety and Efficacy Issues and Future Perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/009286151104500104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pilkington K, Boshnakova A. Complementary medicine and safety: a systematic investigation of design and reporting of systematic reviews. Complement Ther Med 2011; 20:73-82. [PMID: 22305252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine the methods used in systematic reviews of safety across a range of complementary therapies to assess the variation in approach and the potential for developing guidance on conduct and reporting. DESIGN Systematic reviews focusing on safety were retrieved from NHS Evidence and searches of major databases. A pre-prepared template was used for data extraction. Information extracted included details of search strategies, sources, participants, interventions, reported adverse event/effect(s) and causality assessment. Data extraction was carried out by one researcher and a check for accuracy by a second researcher. Methods were assessed against criteria based on guidance provided by the Cochrane Adverse Effects Methods Group. RESULTS A total of 2563 citations were screened and 88 systematic reviews were selected for inclusion. The majority focused on the safety of herbs and nutritional supplements. Approximately half the reviews covered all aspects of safety; other reviews addressed specific adverse effects or interactions. Types of data included in the reviews did not always reflect the focus of the review. Search strategies, sources used, quality assessment and assessment of causality also varied. CONCLUSIONS Detailed examination and comparison of the methods has highlighted several areas in which there is potential for development of guidelines and consensus on standards. These include search strategies, sources of information, data extraction and assessment of causality. The value of systematic reviews in relation to large outcome studies requires further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Pilkington
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK.
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Ali-Shtayeh MS, Jamous RM, Jamous RM. Herbal preparation use by patients suffering from cancer in Palestine. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2011; 17:235-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Teschke R, Schmidt-Taenzer W, Wolff A. Spontaneous reports of assumed herbal hepatotoxicity by black cohosh: is the liver-unspecific Naranjo scale precise enough to ascertain causality? Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2011; 20:567-82. [PMID: 21702069 DOI: 10.1002/pds.2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Causality assessment of cases with herbal hepatotoxicity represents a major regulatory challenge and included, in the past, the application of a diagnostic algorithm consisting of causality evaluation methods with either liver-specific or liver-unspecific characteristics. To evaluate various causality assessing methods in cases with suspected herbal hepatotoxicity, two different scales were now used for reasons of comparison. METHODS We used the liver-specific scale of the updated Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) as well as the Naranjo scale that is not organ specific and therefore not liver specific. Both scales were applied to 22 cases of spontaneous reports with initially assumed herbal hepatotoxicity caused by black cohosh, used for menopausal symptoms. RESULTS The analysis shows that causality was either unlikely (n = 6) or excluded (n = 16), using the updated CIOMS scale. There were various confounding variables: pre-existing liver diseases (n = 6) including genuine autoimmune hepatitis or alcoholic or cardiac hepatopathy; hepatotoxicity induced by interferon or fluoxetine (n = 2); marginally increased serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (n = 2) or gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (n = 2) of unassessable causality; a mixed group consisting of unassessable cases (n = 6) and cases with questionable, poorly documented hepato-biliary diseases (n = 3); and rosuvastin-induced rhabdomyolysis (n = 1). These confounding factors were not recognized by the Naranjo scale. CONCLUSIONS Structured hepatotoxicity-specific causality assessment methods such as the updated CIOMS scale are the preferred tools for causality assessment of assumed herbal hepatotoxicity and should replace the liver-unspecific Naranjo scale. Applying the updated CIOMS scale to cases with initially assumed hepatotoxicity by BC, causality was now found either unlikely or excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Teaching Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Hanau, Germany.
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Rostock M, Fischer J, Mumm A, Stammwitz U, Saller R, Bartsch HH. Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients with climacteric complaints - a prospective observational study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2011; 27:844-8. [PMID: 21231853 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2010.538097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The antihormonal therapy of breast cancer patients with the antiestrogen tamoxifen often induces or aggravates menopausal complaints. As estrogen substitution is contraindicated, herbal alternatives, e.g. extracts of black cohosh are often used. DESIGN A prospective observational study was carried out in 50 breast cancer patients with tamoxifen treatment. All patients had had surgery, most of them had undergone radiation therapy (87%) and approximately 50% had received chemotherapy. Every patient was treated with an isopropanolic extract of black cohosh (1-4 tablets, 2.5 mg) for 6 months. Patients recorded their complaints before therapy and after 1, 3, and 6 months of therapy using the menopause rating scale (MRS II). RESULTS The reduction of the total MRS II score under black cohosh treatment from 17.6 to 13.6 was statistically significant. Hot flashes, sweating, sleep problems, and anxiety improved, whereas urogenital and musculoskeletal complaints did not change. In all, 22 patients reported adverse events, none of which were linked with the study medication; 90% reported the tolerability of the black cohosh extract as very good or good. CONCLUSIONS Black cohosh extract seems to be a reasonable treatment approach in tamoxifen treated breast cancer patients with predominantly psychovegetative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rostock
- Institute of Complementary Medicine, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Herb induced liver injury presumably caused by black cohosh: A survey of initially purported cases and herbal quality specifications. Ann Hepatol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1665-2681(19)31536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Jiang B, Ma C, Motley T, Kronenberg F, Kennelly EJ. Phytochemical fingerprinting to thwart black cohosh adulteration: a 15 Actaea species analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2011; 22:339-351. [PMID: 21337649 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The popular use of black cohosh products (Actaea racemosa L., syn. Cimicifuga racemosa L.) is growing as the demand for alternatives to estrogen therapy has increased. Critical to safe use is the assurance of unadulterated, high-quality products. Questions have been raised about the safety of black cohosh due to cases of liver toxicity in patients who reported taking it; subsequent evaluation found some products to be adulterated with other related herbal species. Correct plant species identification is a key first step for good manufacturing practices of safe black cohosh products. OBJECTIVES To develop analytical methods which distinguish black cohosh from other species (American and Asian) of Actaea increasingly found as adulterants in commercially available black cohosh products. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifteen species of Actaea were collected from North America and Asia, and the phytochemical fingerprints of these samples were established using HPLC-PDA and LC-MS techniques. RESULTS The HPLC and LC-MS fingerprints for polyphenols and triterpene glycosides revealed distinct patterns that make black cohosh clearly distinguishable from most other species of Actaea. Two marker compounds, cimifugin and cimiracemoside F, were found to be important to distinguish black cohosh from most Asian species of Actaea. Formononetin was not found from either Asian or American species of Actaea. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemical fingerprinting is a practical, reliable method for authenticating black cohosh and distinguishing it from other species of Actaea increasingly found as adulterants in commercially available black cohosh products. This should facilitate the continued development of high-quality, unadulterated black cohosh products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Jiang
- Department of Biological Science, Lehman College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
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Wang YJ, Dou J, Cross KP, Valerio LG. Computational analysis for hepatic safety signals of constituents present in botanical extracts widely used by women in the United States for treatment of menopausal symptoms. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 59:111-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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McKenzie SC, Rahman A. Bradycardia in a patient taking black cohosh. Med J Aust 2010; 193:479-81. [PMID: 20955128 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb04006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cimicifuga racemosa, better known as black cohosh, has been widely used in Western cultures as a herbal treatment for relieving symptoms of menopause. It has previously been linked to cases of liver toxicity. We report a case of reversible complete heart block in a woman who had recently begun taking a herbal supplement containing black cohosh. We review the known side effect profile of black cohosh and its relationship to our case.
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Mazaro-Costa R, Andersen ML, Hachul H, Tufik S. Medicinal Plants as Alternative Treatments for Female Sexual Dysfunction: Utopian Vision or Possible Treatment in Climacteric Women? J Sex Med 2010; 7:3695-714. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Teschke R, Wolff A. Regulatory causality evaluation methods applied in kava hepatotoxicity: are they appropriate? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 59:1-7. [PMID: 20854865 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since 1998 liver injury has been assumed in some patients after the use of kava (Piper methysticum G. Forster) as an anxyolytic herbal extract, but the regulatory causality evaluation of these cases was a matter of international and scientific debate. This review critically analyzes the regulatory issues of causality assessments of patients with primarily suspected kava hepatotoxicity and suggests recommendations for minimizing regulatory risks when assessing causality in these and other related cases. The various regulatory causality approaches were based on liver unspecific assessments such as ad hoc evaluations, the WHO scale using the definitions of the WHO Collaborating Centre for International Drug Monitoring, and the Naranjo scale. Due to their liver unspecificity, however, these causality approaches are not suitable for assessing cases of primarily assumed liver related adverse reactions by drugs and herbs including kava. Major problems emerged trough the combination of regulatory inappropriate causality assessment methods with the poor data quality as presented by the regulatory agency when reassessment was done and the resulting data were heavily criticized worldwide within the scientific community. Conversely, causality of cases with primarily assumed kava hepatotoxicity is best assessed by structured, quantitative and liver specific causality algorithms such as the scale of the CIOMS (Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences) or the main-test as its update. Future strategies should therefore focus on the implementation of structured, quantitative and liver specific causality assessment methods as regulatory standards to improve regulatory causality assessments for liver injury by drugs and herbs including kava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Teaching Hospital of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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Cicek SS, Aberham A, Ganzera M, Stuppner H. Quantitative analysis of cycloartane glycosides in black cohosh rhizomes and dietary supplements by RRLC-ELSD and RRLC-qTOF-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 400:2597-605. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Roberts H. Safety of herbal medicinal products in women with breast cancer. Maturitas 2010; 66:363-9. [PMID: 20347238 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review and summarise current evidence on the efficacy and safety of herbal medicinal products for the relief of hot flushes in women with previous breast cancer. METHODS A literature search was conducted in the databases of Medline, EMBASE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PSYCHINFO, AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine), NCCAM (The National Centre for Complementary and Alternative Medicine). RESULTS Black cohosh and phytoestrogens have received the most research attention but there is currently insufficient evidence to recommend either for relief of flushes. Black cohosh use appears safe in women with previous breast cancer. Opposing advice has been given regarding the safety of dietary phytoestrogen use for women with previous breast cancer, but there is emerging data that soyfood phytoestrogen intake may have a beneficial effect on tumour recurrence. CONCLUSIONS The majority of studies, regarding the efficacy of herbal treatments for hot flushes, have not been conducted in women with breast cancer and many are of short duration. Increased pharmacovigilance practices for herbal medicines are required with initiatives to stimulate reporting of suspected adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Roberts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Zimmermann R, Witte A, Voll RE, Strobel J, Frieser M. Coagulation activation and fluid retention associated with the use of black cohosh: a case study. Climacteric 2010; 13:187-91. [PMID: 19657787 DOI: 10.3109/13697130902939921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Black cohosh is one of the most popular herbal therapies for premenstrual discomfort, hot flushes and other climacteric and menopausal symptoms. Most often, it is tolerated well. However, there are some recent reports on serious adverse events, probably associated with this complementary and alternative herbal medicine. We report a case of coagulation activation, fluid retention and transient autoimmune hepatitis most likely triggered by the use of black cohosh. Diagnostic procedures aimed to explain lower leg edema are not uncommon in the age group of women suffering from climacteric and menopausal symptoms. Therefore, black cohosh-induced fluid retention and coagulation activation should be considered in differential diagnosis, especially if thrombosis has been excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zimmermann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Black cohosh and suspected hepatotoxicity: inconsistencies, confounding variables, and prospective use of a diagnostic causality algorithm. A critical review. Menopause 2010; 17:426-40. [PMID: 20216279 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181c5159c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The data of 69 cases of initially suspected black cohosh (BC)-induced liver disease were reviewed and analyzed to clarify whether BC hepatotoxicity really exists as a disease entity in these cases comparable to toxic liver disease being caused by various drugs and dietary supplements. METHODS The cases comprised 11 published case reports and 58 spontaneous reports to national regulatory agencies. The analysis includes assessment of causality for BC, data quality of the presented cases, and their inconsistencies and confounding variables. RESULTS The assessed data raise serious doubts on the initial claims of causality for BC in these cases and provide clear evidence of their poor quality, especially when spontaneous reports are considered. There are major inconsistencies for the same patient regarding reported data. Moreover, the analysis of all cases disclosed confounding variables. These include poor case data quality, uncertainty of BC product, quality, and identification, undisclosed indication, insufficient adverse event definition, lack of temporal association and dechallenge, missing or inadequate evaluation of alcohol use, comedication, comorbidity, reexposure test, and alternative diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS The presented data do not support the concept of hepatotoxicity in a primarily suspected causal relationship to the use of BC and failure to provide a signal of safety concern, but further efforts have to be undertaken to dismiss or to substantiate the existence of BC hepatotoxicity as a special disease entity. The future strategy should be focused on prospective causality evaluations in patients diagnosed with suspected BC hepatotoxicity, using a structured, quantitative, and hepatotoxicity-specific causality assessment method.
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Lloyd KB, Hornsby LB. Complementary and alternative medications for women's health issues. Nutr Clin Pract 2009; 24:589-608. [PMID: 19841247 DOI: 10.1177/0884533609343001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Women often seek alternative treatment options such as herbs, dietary supplements, and vitamins and minerals to treat women's health issues across the lifespan. Women may use complementary and alternative supplements for dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, infertility, nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, and symptoms of menopause. In general, there is a deficit of well-designed, randomized, controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of complementary and alternative medicine for these indications, which makes it difficult to provide evidence-based recommendations. This review outlines the evidence for efficacy and safety that is currently available for dietary supplement use by women to manage health conditions specific to the female patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Braxton Lloyd
- Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, 2155D Walker Building, Dormitory Drive, Auburn, AL 36849-5506, USA.
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