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Gómez-Zorita S, González-Arceo M, Fernández-Quintela A, Eseberri I, Trepiana J, Portillo MP. Scientific Evidence Supporting the Beneficial Effects of Isoflavones on Human Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123853. [PMID: 33348600 PMCID: PMC7766685 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones are phenolic compounds with a chemical structure similar to that of estradiol. They are present in several vegetables, mainly in legumes such as soy, white and red clover, alfalfa and beans. The most significant food source of isoflavones in humans is soy-derived products. Isoflavones could be used as an alternative therapy for pathologies dependent on hormonal disorders such as breast and prostate cancer, cardiovascular diseases, as well as to minimize menopausal symptoms. According to the results gathered in the present review, it can be stated that there is scientific evidence showing the beneficial effect of isoflavones on bone health and thus in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis on postmenopausal women, although the results do not seem entirely conclusive as there are discrepancies among the studies, probably related to their experimental designs. For this reason, the results should be interpreted with caution, and more randomized clinical trials are required. By contrast, it seems that soy isoflavones do not lead to a meaningful protective effect on cardiovascular risk. Regarding cancer, scientific evidence suggests that isoflavones could be useful in reducing the risk of suffering some types of cancer, such as breast and endometrial cancer, but further studies are needed to confirm these results. Finally, isoflavones could be useful in reducing hot flushes associated with menopause. However, a limitation in this field is that there is still a great heterogeneity among studies. Lastly, with regard to isoflavone consumption safety, it seems that they are safe and that the most common adverse effect is mild and occurs at the gastrointestinal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saioa Gómez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01002 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Maitane González-Arceo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01002 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Itziar Eseberri
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01002 Vitoria, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.E.); (J.T.)
| | - Jenifer Trepiana
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01002 Vitoria, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.E.); (J.T.)
| | - María Puy Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01002 Vitoria, Spain
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Daily JW, Ko BS, Ryuk J, Liu M, Zhang W, Park S. Equol Decreases Hot Flashes in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. J Med Food 2019; 22:127-139. [PMID: 30592686 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy isoflavones may benefit some, but not all, menopausal women, and the ability of the women to produce equol may be the major determinant of effectiveness. We assessed the efficacy of soy isoflavones and equol for alleviating menopausal symptoms, especially vasomotor symptoms, in postmenopausal women who were equol producers and nonproducers by using systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We searched 12 English, Korean, and Chinese language scientific and medical databases. We selected all available RCTs that assessed the effect of equol, either equol itself or soy isoflavone in equol producers, on menopausal symptoms in peri- or postmenopausal women. The primary outcome was the effect on hot flashes. The severity of hot flashes was determined by the scores, and sensitivity and risk of bias analyses were conducted. Other outcomes of the review, but not meta-analysis, included depression and adverse events. Six studies (779 total subjects) met all criteria for the systematic review, 5 of those could be included in the meta-analysis (728 total subjects). Two studies included in the meta-analysis reported no statistically significant benefits of equol; the other three did report significant benefits of equol. Meta-analysis revealed a significant benefit of equol for lowering hot flash scores and revealed a generally low risk of bias. In conclusion, this study found that supplementing equol to equol nonproducers significantly lowered the incidence and/or severity of hot flashes in menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Daily
- 1 Department of R&D, Daily Manufacturing, Inc. , Rockwell, North Carolina, USA
| | - Byoung-Seob Ko
- 2 Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jina Ryuk
- 2 Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Meiling Liu
- 3 Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Basic Science, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University , Asan, South Korea
| | - Weijun Zhang
- 3 Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Basic Science, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University , Asan, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- 3 Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Basic Science, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University , Asan, South Korea
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Stark SS, Natarajan L, Chingos D, Ehren J, Gorman JR, Krychman M, Kwan B, Mao JJ, Myers E, Walpole T, Pierce JP, Su HI. Design of a randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of a reproductive health survivorship care plan in young breast cancer survivors. Contemp Clin Trials 2019; 77:27-36. [PMID: 30553078 PMCID: PMC6754982 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young breast cancer survivors (YBCS) have unmet needs for managing hot flashes, fertility-related concerns, sexual health, and contraception. PURPOSE Describe the design and participant characteristics of a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of the survivorship care plan on reproductive health (SCP-R) intervention on improving hot flashes, fertility-related concerns, sexual health, and contraception in YBCS. METHODS SCP-R is a web-based intervention with text message support encompassing evidence- based practices on four reproductive health issues. YBCS with ≥1 reproductive health issue are randomized to intervention (full SCP-R access) or attention control (access to list of online resources) arms with 24-week follow-up. The primary outcome will be improvement of at least one reproductive health issue measured by validated self-report instruments. Each YBCS nominated one healthcare provider (HCP), who can access the same materials as their patient. HCP outcomes are preparedness and confidence in discussing each issue. RESULTS Among 318 YBCS screened, 57.2% underwent randomization. Mean age was 40.0 (SD 5.9), and mean age at cancer diagnosis was 35.6 (SD 5.4). Significant hot flashes, fertility-related concerns, vaginal symptoms, and inadequate contraception were reported by 50.5%, 50%, 46.7%, 62.1% of YBCS, respectively; 70.9% had multiple issues. Among 165 nominated HCPs, 32.7% enrolled. The majority of HCPs reported preparedness (68.5-90.7%) and confidence (50.0-74.1%) in discussing reproductive health issues with YBCS. HCPs were least likely to report preparedness or confidence in discussing fertility-related concerns. CONCLUSION Conducting a trial for improving YBCS reproductive health online is feasible, providing a mechanism to disseminate evidence-based management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaylyn S Stark
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Dr. La Jolla, CA 92093-090, USA.
| | - Loki Natarajan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Dr. La Jolla, CA 92093-090, USA; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0628, USA.
| | - Diana Chingos
- Patient Advocate & Representative, Young Survival Coalition, 10995 Wrightwood Lane, Studio City, CA 91604, USA
| | - Jennifer Ehren
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 172 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5637, USA.
| | - Jessica R Gorman
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, Oregon State University College of Public Health and Human Sciences, 160 SW 26(th) St, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Michael Krychman
- Southern California Center for Sexual Health and Survivorship Medicine, 1501 Superior Ave, Suite 201, Newport Beach, CA 92663, USA
| | - Brian Kwan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Dr. La Jolla, CA 92093-090, USA.
| | - Jun J Mao
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Emily Myers
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Dr. La Jolla, CA 92093-090, USA.
| | - Tom Walpole
- Trials.ai, 4250 Executive Square Suite 200, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - John P Pierce
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Dr. La Jolla, CA 92093-090, USA; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0628, USA.
| | - H Irene Su
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Dr. La Jolla, CA 92093-090, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9300 Campus Pointe Drive, MC 7433, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Lyon C, Mullen R, Deffenbacher B, Reed A, Nashelsky J. Clinical Inquiries: Does exercise relieve vasomotor menopausal symptoms? J Fam Pract 2018; 67:175-176. [PMID: 29509823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
No. Exercise doesn't decrease the frequency or severity of vasomotor menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women (strength of recommendation: A, systematic review of randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and consistent RCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Lyon
- University of Colorado Family Medicine Residency, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca Mullen
- University of Colorado Family Medicine Residency, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Alex Reed
- University of Colorado Family Medicine Residency, Denver, CO, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Hickey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia and the Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca A Szabo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia and the Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Education, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Myra S Hunter
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
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Brodowski J, Jurczak A, Grochans E, Karakiewicz B, Laszczynska M, Ciecwiez S, Wloszczak-Szubzda A, Starczewski A, Brodowska A. Occurrence of climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women after prophylactic bilateral ovariectomy. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2017; 44:403-407. [PMID: 29949282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION To analyse the quality of life in postmenopausal women after prophylactic bilateral ovariectomy depending on the time from menopause. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study involved 252 postmenopausal women grouped according to the time from last menstruation: one to five years (group A), five to ten years (group B), and > ten years (group C). All women were ovariectomized during laparotomy performed for benign diseases of the uterus. Climacteric symptoms were measured with the Kupperman Index one day before and three months after surgery. RESULTS Highly significant age differences and no substantial BMI differences were demonstrated among the study groups. Before and after surgery climacteric symptoms were reported by 17.06% and 57.8% of women, respectively. After surgery, group A women significantly more often had hot flushes, sweating, nervousness, and sleep disorders, the women in group B significantly more often reported sleep disorders, nervousness, and sweating, and the women in group C significantly more often complained of nervousness. CONCLUSION In postmenopausal women, ovaries play the most important role during the first ten years from the last menstruation.
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Abstract
Summary Menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes and night sweats can be very disrupting. While hormone replacement therapy is an effective therapy, concerns about side effects and breast cancer risk have stimulated interest into alternative therapies such as phytoe-strogens. These are oestrogen-like compounds made by plants. Two major sources of phytoestrogens are soy and red clover. Data on randomised controlled trials of red clover for the control of menopausal symptoms are presented. The conflicting data are encouraging and suggest that phytoestrogens are a treatment modality that needs pursuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Barentsen
- Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Fantasia HC. A Nonhormonal Treatment for Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause. Nurs Womens Health 2016; 20:511-518. [PMID: 27719781 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that up to 80% of women experience symptoms related to declining estrogen levels that occur with menopause. The most common bothersome symptoms reported by women during and after this transition are vasomotor symptoms, which can include hot flashes, flushing, night sweats, and sleep disturbances. These symptoms are the most common reason women seek care during menopause. Until recently, the mainstay of treatment and symptom relief has been estrogen supplementation. In 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved paroxetine, a low-dose selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, as the first nonhormonal treatment for moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms of menopause. This article provides an overview of the use of paroxetine to treat vasomotor symptoms of menopause, including potential adverse reactions, special considerations for use, and implications for nursing practice.
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Abstract
The Internet was born in 1969; it was originally developed so that computers could share information on research and development in the scientific and military fields. The original Internet consisted of four university computers networked in the United States. Email became available two years later. The infant Internet initially required complex computing knowledge to be used. However, this was all to change with the development of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s, which made the Internet much more widely accessible. The Internet has since grown at a phenomenal rate and has evolved into a global communications tool. It is by nature anarchic, in that it is an unrestricted broadcast medium. Although this lack of censorship is a strength, it is also a weakness. The quality of information available on the Web is variable and discernment is required. With the growth of e-health, medicine and its allied specialties are faced with the challenges of providing their services in a novel way while maintaining the first principle of medicine, primum non nocere (first, do no harm). This provision of e-health care is in its infancy and this review explores issues arising from the use of the Internet as a medium for organizing menopausal health care in the third millennium.
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Schmidt M, Arjomand-Wölkart K, Birkhäuser MH, Genazzani AR, Gruber DM, Huber J, Kölbl H, Kreft S, Leodolter S, Linsberger D, Metka M, Simoncini T, Vrabic Dezman L. Consensus: soy isoflavones as a first-line approach to the treatment of menopausal vasomotor complaints. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:427-30. [PMID: 26943176 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2016.1152240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between an increased uptake of isoflavones and a reduced frequency of menopausal hot flushes was first described in 1992, based on a lower incidence of hot flushes in countries with a high consumption of soy. Since then, numerous clinical trials with various sources of isoflavones including soy and red clover have been presented, with practically all of the studies with adequate design delivering an outcome in favour of isoflavone supplementation. An in-depth risk assessment (EFSA 2015) concludes that the amply available human data does not indicate any suspected harmful effects from a potential interaction of isoflavones with hormone-sensitive tissues in the mammary gland, the uterus and the thyroid gland. Safety was ascertained with long-term intake of up to 150 mg isoflavones per day ingested for the duration of at least 3 years. Moreover, high isoflavone intake was found to have preventive effects with respect to breast cancer. Clinical findings indicate potential benefits of isoflavone exposure even during breast cancer treatment with tamoxifen or anastrozole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schmidt
- a International Society for Phytosciences , Mattsies , Germany
| | - Karin Arjomand-Wölkart
- b Institut Für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Martin H Birkhäuser
- c Gynaecological Endocrinonoly and Reproductive Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Berne , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Andrea R Genazzani
- d Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , European Society of Gynecology, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Doris M Gruber
- e 1st Department of Gynaeology and Obstetrics, University of Vienna , Wien , Austria
| | - J Huber
- e 1st Department of Gynaeology and Obstetrics, University of Vienna , Wien , Austria
| | - Heinz Kölbl
- e 1st Department of Gynaeology and Obstetrics, University of Vienna , Wien , Austria
| | - Samo Kreft
- f Chair of Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Sepp Leodolter
- e 1st Department of Gynaeology and Obstetrics, University of Vienna , Wien , Austria
| | - Doris Linsberger
- e 1st Department of Gynaeology and Obstetrics, University of Vienna , Wien , Austria
| | - Markus Metka
- e 1st Department of Gynaeology and Obstetrics, University of Vienna , Wien , Austria
| | - Tommaso Simoncini
- g Division of Obstetrics and Gynadecology , Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università Di Pisa , Pisa , Italy , and
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Reed SD, Newton KM, Larson JC, Booth-LaForce C, Woods NF, Landis CA, Tolentino E, Carpenter JS, Freeman EW, Joffe H, Anawalt BD, Guthrie KA. Daily salivary cortisol patterns in midlife women with hot flashes. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 84:672-9. [PMID: 26663024 PMCID: PMC5106033 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diurnal salivary cortisol patterns in healthy adults are well established but have not been studied in midlife women with hot flashes. We hypothesized that frequent hot flashes are associated with aberrant cortisol patterns similar to sleep-deficient individuals. DESIGN Cross-sectional. PARTICIPANTS A total of 306 women, ages 40-62, randomized to a behavioural intervention for hot flashes. MEASUREMENTS Baseline comparisons of cortisol geometric means (nmol/l) from four daily time points averaged over two consecutive days plus other calculated cortisol measures were made between groups defined by baseline: (i) mean daily hot flash frequency tertile (≤5·5, N = 103; >5·5-8·8, N = 103; >8·8, N = 100) and (ii) selected characteristics. Repeated-measures linear regression models of log-transformed cortisol evaluated group differences, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Women were 67% White and 24% African American, with 7·6 (SD 3·9) hot flashes per day. Salivary cortisol geometric means (nmol/l) among all women were as follows: 75·0 (SD 44·8) total, 8·6 (SD 5·6) wake, 10·0 (SD 7·5) wake +30 min, 3·7 (SD 3·3) early afternoon and 1·6 (SD 1·8) bedtime. Wake + 30-minute values showed an 18% median rise from wake values (interquartile range -24 to 96%), and means varied by hot flash frequency tertile, from lowest to highest: 11·4(SD 7·3), 10·3 (SD 6·5) and 8·6 (SD 7·8), respectively, P = 0·003. Beside the early afternoon value (P = 0·02), cortisol values did not vary by hot flash frequency. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest that high frequency of moderate-to-severe hot flashes may be associated with subtle abnormalities in cortisol concentrations - a pattern consistent with chronic sleep disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Reed
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K M Newton
- Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J C Larson
- Data Coordinating Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C Booth-LaForce
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - N F Woods
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C A Landis
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E Tolentino
- Laboratory Testing Services University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - J S Carpenter
- School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - E W Freeman
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Joffe
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B D Anawalt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K A Guthrie
- Data Coordinating Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Otte JL, Rand KL, Landis CA, Paudel ML, Newton KM, Woods N, Carpenter JS. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in women with hot flashes. Menopause 2015; 22:1190-6. [PMID: 25944520 PMCID: PMC4624473 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women, especially those with hot flashes, report poor sleep quality during various stages of the menopausal transition and postmenopause. Sleep measurements vary widely because of the copious instruments available. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a frequently used questionnaire that produces a single score for sleep quality. This one-factor structure has not received consistent support in the literature. The goal of this analysis was to determine the best factor structure of the PSQI in women with hot flashes. METHODS A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on PSQI baseline data from three randomized controlled clinical trials enrolling perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with hot flashes (N = 849) from the Menopause Strategies: Finding Lasting Answers for Symptoms and Health network. Several a priori factor models were compared. RESULTS One-factor and two-factor models did not fit the data. A three-factor model comprising sleep efficiency, perceived sleep quality, and daily disturbance showed good fit; however, the sleep medication item was dropped because of poor fit and low rates of sleep medication use. The three-factor model was examined in African-American and white subsamples and was found to be similar in both groups; however, two items showed small group differences in strength as indicators. CONCLUSIONS Sleep quality in midlife women with hot flashes, as measured by the PSQI, seems to comprise three correlated factors. Minor measurement differences detected between groups are of research interest but do not necessitate different scoring practices. Additional research is needed to further define sleep quality and its associations with health-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Otte
- 1School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 2Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 3University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA 4University of Minnesota School of Public Health and Epidemiology, Minneapolis, MN 5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 6Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA
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Smith RL, Flaws JA, Gallicchio L. Does quitting smoking decrease the risk of midlife hot flashes? A longitudinal analysis. Maturitas 2015; 82:123-7. [PMID: 26149340 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of midlife hot flashes; however, the effect of quitting smoking on this risk is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of quitting smoking on hot flashes using data from 761 women aged 45 to 54 years of age at baseline followed for 1 to 7 years. Results showed that women who quit smoking were less likely to suffer from hot flashes, less likely to have severe hot flashes, and less likely to have frequent hot flashes than women who continued to smoke (OR=0.55, 0.80, 0.76), but were more likely to suffer from any hot flashes, more severe hot flashes, and more frequent hot flashes than women who never smoked (OR=2.55, 1.68, 1.46). Subset analysis of the 353 women who had ever smoked found that women who had quit smoking for longer than 5 years had significantly lower odds, severity, and frequency of hot flashes than women who had continued smoking (OR=0.36, 0.62, 0.63) or women who had quit in the previous 5 years (OR=0.66, 0.77, 0.69). These findings suggest that that early smoking cessation programs may improve women's well-being during the menopausal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, United States.
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Lisa Gallicchio
- The Prevention and Research Center, The Weinberg Center for Women's Health and Medicine, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States
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Tuomikoski P, Lyytinen H. [Treatment of menopausal symptoms]. Duodecim 2015; 131:1515-1521. [PMID: 26485945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hormone therapy is the most effective treatment for sweating and hot flashes, which are the most common symptoms of the menopause. The initiation of therapy for a healthy female of 50 to 59 years usually entails more health benefits than adverse effects, and there is no absolute upper limit for the duration of the treatment. It remains to be evaluated yearly whether the need or prerequisites for continuation of the treatment still exist. If the use of hormone therapy is not desired, alleviation of hot flashes and sweating can be attempted with life style modifications and other remedies.
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Currie H, Morris E. Post Reproductive Health. Editorial. Post Reprod Health 2014; 20:85-86. [PMID: 25224670 DOI: 10.1177/2053369114550584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Brown S. The UK's lost decade of good menopause advice. Post Reprod Health 2014; 20:88-89. [PMID: 25356460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, soy foods have been the subject of a vast amount of research, primarily because they are uniquely rich sources of isoflavones. Isoflavones are classified as both phytoestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators. The phytoestrogenic effects of isoflavones have led some to view soy foods and isoflavone supplements as alternatives to conventional hormone therapy. However, clinical research shows that isoflavones and estrogen exert differing effects on a variety of health outcomes. Nevertheless, there is substantial evidence that soy foods have the potential to address several conditions and diseases associated with the menopausal transition. For example, data suggest that soy foods can potentially reduce ischemic heart disease through multiple mechanisms. Soy protein directly lowers blood low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations, and the soybean is low in saturated fat and a source of both essential fatty acids, the omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid and the omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid. In addition, soflavones improve endothelial function and possibly slow the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis. Isoflavone supplements also consistently alleviate menopausal hot flashes provided they contain sufficient amounts of the predominant soybean isoflavone genistein. In contrast, the evidence that isoflavones reduce bone loss in postmenopausal women is unimpressive. Whether adult soy food intake reduces breast cancer risk is unclear. Considerable evidence suggests that for soy to reduce risk, consumption during childhood and/or adolescence is required. Although concerns have been raised that soy food consumption may be harmful to breast cancer patients, an analysis in 9514 breast cancer survivors who were followed for 7.4 y found that higher postdiagnosis soy intake was associated with a significant 25% reduction in tumor recurrence. In summary, the clinical and epidemiologic data indicate that adding soy foods to the diet can contribute to the health of postmenopausal women.
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Liu ZM, Ho SC, Woo J, Chen YM, Wong C. Randomized controlled trial of whole soy and isoflavone daidzein on menopausal symptoms in equol-producing Chinese postmenopausal women. Menopause 2014; 21:653-60. [PMID: 24149925 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary supplements containing soy or isoflavones are widely used as alternatives to hormone therapy. However, their efficacy is still inconclusive, and limited data on equol producers are available. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of whole soy (soy flour) or purified daidzein (one major soy isoflavone and the precursor of equol) on menopausal symptoms in equol-producing postmenopausal women, a population most likely to benefit from soy intervention. METHODS This is a 6-month parallel-group, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Two hundred seventy equol-producing prehypertensive Chinese postmenopausal women were randomized to one of three treatment groups: 40 g of soy flour (whole soy group), 40 g of low-fat milk powder + 63 mg of daidzein (daidzein group), or 40 g of low-fat milk powder (placebo group) daily, each given as a solid beverage for 6 months. Changes in menopausal symptoms were assessed by a validated and structured symptom checklist at baseline and 6 months. RESULTS Two hundred fifty-three participants completed the study according to protocol. Urinary isoflavones indicated good compliance with the interventions. Baseline menopausal symptoms were comparable among the three study groups. Intention-to-treat analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in the 6-month changes or percent changes in the total number of menopausal symptoms, in the five dimensions of symptoms, and in the frequencies of individual symptoms among the three treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Whole soy and purified daidzein have no significant effect on alleviation of menopausal symptoms among equol-producing postmenopausal women with prehypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-min Liu
- From the 1Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and 2Division of Epidemiology, The Jockey Club of the School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR; 3Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; and 4Center of Research and Promotion of Women's Health, The Jockey Club of the School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR
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Li Y, Zheng H, Zheng Q, Zhao L, Qin E, Wang Y, Zeng Q, Zheng H, Zhao Y, Sun W, Zhang X, Liu Z, Liu B. Use acupuncture to relieve perimenopausal syndrome: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014; 15:198. [PMID: 24886348 PMCID: PMC4055374 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether acupuncture is effective for relieving perimenopausal syndrome has been controversial recently. In this article, we report the protocol of a randomized controlled trial using acupuncture to treat perimenopausal syndrome, aiming to answer this controversy. DESIGN A multicenter randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms is underway in China. Two hundred and six women with perimenopausal syndrome will be randomly assigned to a treatment group using acupuncture plus auricular acupressure (AA group) and a control group using Climen (Bayer Healthcare Company Limited, Guangzhou, China), a 28-day sequential hormone replacement therapy, in a 1:1 ratio. Participants in the AA group will receive three acupuncture sessions per week in the first 4 weeks and two sessions per week in the following 8 weeks, for a total of 28 sessions over 12 weeks. Auricular points will be plastered by Semen Vaccariae twice per week for a consecutive 12 weeks, with both ears used alternately. The Climen control group is prescribed a tablet containing estradiol valerate 2 mg/day for the first 11 days, and a tablet containing estradiol valerate 2 mg/day plus cyroterone acetate 1 mg/day for the following 10 days. The total treatment period of the control group is three cycles. The post-treatment follow-up period will last 24 weeks. The primary outcome is the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) assessed at baseline and 4, 12, 16, 24 and 36 weeks after randomization. The secondary outcomes are Menopause-Specific Quality of Life, average hot flash score during 24 hours, serum estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone level. The first two secondary outcomes are measured at the same point as the MRS. Other secondary outcomes are measured at baseline and 12, 24 weeks after randomization. DISCUSSION The results of this trial, which will be available in 2015, will clarify whether acupuncture is effective to relieve perimenopausal syndrome. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01933204 (registered 9 August 2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi’er Qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi’er Qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China
| | - Qianhua Zheng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi’er Qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi’er Qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China
| | - Erqi Qin
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi’er Qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi’er Qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China
- General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, 270 Tianhui Road, Rongdu Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, PR China
| | - Qian Zeng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39 Shi’er Qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, PR China
| | - Huabin Zheng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39 Shi’er Qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, PR China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, 18 North Wanxiang Road, Gaoxin District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610016, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi’er Qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi’er Qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China
| | - Zhishun Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 BeiXianGe Street, XiCheng District, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Baoyan Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 BeiXianGe Street, XiCheng District, Beijing 100053, PR China
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Blümel JE, Chedraui P, Barón G, Benítez Z, Flores D, Espinoza MT, Gomez G, González E, Hernández L, Lima S, Martino M, Montaño A, Monterrosa A, Mostajo D, Ojeda E, Onatra W, Robles C, Saavedra J, Sánchez H, Tserotas K, Vallejo MS, Vallejo C. A multicentric study regarding the use of hormone therapy during female mid-age (REDLINC VI). Climacteric 2014; 17:433-41. [PMID: 24443950 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2014.882305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopausal hormone therapy (HT) has shown benefits for women; however, associated drawbacks (i.e. risks, costs, fears) have currently determined its low use. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of current HT use among mid-aged women and describe the characteristics of those who have never used, have abandoned or are currently using HT. In addition, reasons for not using HT were analyzed. METHOD This was a cross-sectional study that analyzed a total of 6731 otherwise healthy women (45-59 years old) of 15 cities in 11 Latin American countries. Participants were requested to fill out the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and a questionnaire containing sociodemographic data and items regarding the menopause and HT use. RESULTS The prevalence of current HT use was 12.5%. Oral HT (43.7%) was the most frequently used type of HT, followed by transdermal types (17.7%). The main factors related to the current use of HT included: positive perceptions regarding HT (odds ratio (OR) 11.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 9.41-14.13), being postmenopausal (OR 3.47, 95% CI 2.75-4.36) and having a better socioeconomic level. A total of 48.8% of surveyed women had used HT in the past, but abandoned it due to symptom improvement or being unconcerned; fear of cancer or any other secondary effects were also reported but in less than 10%. Among women who had never used HT, 28% reported the lack of medical prescription as the main reason, followed by the absence of symptoms (27.8%). Among those reporting lack of prescription as the main reason for not using HT, 30.6% currently had severe menopausal symptoms (total MRS score > 16); 19.5% of women were using alternative 'natural' therapies, with 35.1% of them displaying severe menopausal symptoms as compared to a 22.5% observed among current HT users. CONCLUSION The use of HT has not regained the rates observed a decade ago. Positive perceptions regarding HT were related to a higher use. Lack of medical prescription was the main reason for not using HT among non-users, many of whom were currently displaying severe menopausal symptoms.
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Mirkin S, Ryan KA, Chandran AB, Komm BS. Bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens for managing the burden of estrogen deficiency symptoms. Maturitas 2013; 77:24-31. [PMID: 24246155 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The bothersome vasomotor and vaginal symptoms and bone loss that accompany the menopausal transition are associated with significant direct costs due to physician visits and medication, as well as indirect costs from reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and work productivity. With life expectancies increasing, the number of postmenopausal women is also increasing, and more women are remaining in the workforce. These factors have led to an increased burden of menopausal symptoms on healthcare systems. Hormone therapy (HT) has been shown to effectively reduce menopausal symptoms and significantly increase quality-adjusted life years in postmenopausal women, particularly in women experiencing severe symptoms. However, many women discontinue use of HT before their symptoms have dissipated due to safety and tolerability concerns. The tissue selective estrogen complex (TSEC) that pairs bazedoxifene (BZA) with conjugated estrogens (CE) has been developed to provide relief of menopausal symptoms and prevent bone loss without stimulating the breast or endometrium, and to have improved tolerability compared with HT. In this context, BZA 20mg/CE 0.45 and 0.625 mg were shown to prevent bone loss and effectively treat menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women with an intact uterus, while also demonstrating a favorable safety/tolerability profile. BZA 20mg/CE 0.45 and 0.625 mg were further associated with clinically significant improvements in HRQoL, sleep, and treatment satisfaction. Taken together, the reduction in menopausal symptoms, improvement in HRQoL, and favorable safety/tolerability profile associated with BZA/CE suggest that it is a cost-effective alternative to HT for managing the burden of menopausal symptoms.
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Nuñez GR, Pinczowski H, Zanellato R, Tateyama L, Schindler F, Fonseca F, Del Giglio A. Bupropion for control of hot flashes in breast cancer survivors: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, crossover, pilot phase II trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 2013; 45:969-79. [PMID: 23017618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hot flashes (HFs) and sexual dysfunction often affect breast cancer (BC) survivors and compromise their quality of life. Bupropion is an antidepressive medication used for smoking cessation and also has been previously studied for the treatment of sexual dysfunction. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate bupropion's efficacy in controlling HFs in BC survivors. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled pilot study that enrolled 55 BC survivors who reported more than seven HFs per week. Subjects were randomized to receive either bupropion 150mg twice daily for four weeks followed by one week of washout and four more weeks of placebo twice daily or vice versa. The primary end point was average daily HF activity (number of HFs and a score combining number and severity) reported while on bupropion or on placebo. Secondary end points were sexual dysfunction, depression, and quality of life evaluated with the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30, respectively. RESULTS Bupropion reduced HFs by 1.26 per day and the HF score by 6.31%, whereas placebo reduced HFs by 2.11 per day (P>0.05) and the HF score by 30.47% (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between bupropion and placebo in the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30. At the end of the study, 47% of the patients preferred bupropion, whereas 53% preferred placebo. There were no statistically significant differences in side effects between the study groups. CONCLUSION Compared with placebo, bupropion did not control HFs in this group of BC survivors.
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Colacurci N, De Franciscis P, Atlante M, Mancino P, Monti M, Volpini G, Benvenuti C. Endometrial, breast and liver safety of soy isoflavones plus Lactobacillus sporogenes in post-menopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:209-12. [PMID: 23194023 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2012.738724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the safety of a nutraceutical compound containing soy isoflavones and Lactobacillus sporogenes on endometrium, breast and liver function. SETTING Outpatient Menopausal Clinic. STUDY DESIGN 130 healthy postmenopausal women suffering from menopausal symptoms were randomized to receive soy isoflavones 60 mg and Lactobacillus sporogenes 1 billion spores (group E: 65 women) or calcium and vitamin D₃ (group C: 65 women). Safety of the treatment was assessed at baseline and after 1 year taking into account endometrial thickness, mammographic density, serum levels of transaminases, γ-GT and bilirubin. Efficacy of the treatment was evaluated rating the score of menopausal symptoms at baseline and every 3 months. The statistical analysis was carried out with χ², Fisher exact's test and ANOVA. RESULTS After 12 months of treatment mammographic density, endometrial thickness and hepatic function did not show significant differences between groups, while menopausal symptoms were progressively and significantly reduced in severity and frequency during treatment with soy isoflavones plus Lactobacillus sporogenes versus calcium plus vitamin D₃. CONCLUSION A 12 months treatment with a nutraceutical compound based on isoflavones and Lactobacillus sporogenes at the recommended doses is safe for endometrium, mammary glands and liver function in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Colacurci
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences - Second University of Naples - Largo Madonna delle Grazie 1, Naples, Italy
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Glick RM, Desai KM, Lovett E, Farrah R, Low Dog T. Integrative medicine. Oncology: focus on breast cancer. FP Essent 2013; 406:29-46. [PMID: 23634463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald M Glick
- Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Shadyside, Shadyside Place Suite 310, 580 S. Aiken Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
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Is hormone therapy safe again? New developments in the debate. Harv Health Lett 2013; 38:5. [PMID: 23841170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Jones EK, Jurgenson JR, Katzenellenbogen JM, Thompson SC. Menopause and the influence of culture: another gap for Indigenous Australian women? BMC Womens Health 2012; 12:43. [PMID: 23234340 PMCID: PMC3554544 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-12-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is great variation in experience of menopause in women around the world. The purpose of this study was to review current understanding of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) women's experiences of menopause. The literature pertaining to the perception, significance and experience of menopause from a number of cultural groups around the world has been included to provide context for why Indigenous women's experience might be important for their health and differ from that reported in other studies of Australian women and menopause. METHODS A search of databases including Ovid Medline, Pubmed, Web of Science, AUSThealth, AMED, EMBASE, Global Health and PsychINFO was undertaken from January 2011 to April 2011 using the search terms menopause, Indigenous, Aboriginal, attitudes, and perceptions and repeated in September 2012. RESULTS Considerable research shows significant variation across cultures in the menopausal experience. Biological, psychological, social and cultural factors are associated with either positive or negative attitudes, perceptions or experiences of menopause in various cultures. Comparative international literature shows that neither biological nor social factors alone are sufficient to explain the variation in experiences of the menopausal transition. However, a strong influence of culture on the menopause experience can be found. The variation in women's experience of menopause indicates that different cultural groups of women may have different understandings and needs during the menopausal transition. While considerable literature exists for Australian women as a whole, there has been little investigation of Australian Indigenous women, with only two research studies related to Indigenous women's experiences of menopause identified. CONCLUSIONS Differences in biocultural experience of menopause around the world suggest the importance of biocultural research. For the Indigenous women of Australia, the relative contribution of culture, social disadvantage and poor general health compared with non-Indigenous women to the experience of menopause is unknown. As such, further research and understanding of the experience of Indigenous women around Australia is needed. This information could assist individuals, families, cultural groups and healthcare providers to enhance management and support for Indigenous Australian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Jones
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Perth Western, Australia
- Combined Universities Centre for Rural Health, University of Western Australia, Geraldton, Western Australia
| | - Janelle R Jurgenson
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Perth Western, Australia
- Combined Universities Centre for Rural Health, University of Western Australia, Geraldton, Western Australia
| | - Judith M Katzenellenbogen
- Combined Universities Centre for Rural Health, University of Western Australia, Geraldton, Western Australia
| | - Sandra C Thompson
- Combined Universities Centre for Rural Health, University of Western Australia, Geraldton, Western Australia
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Prior JC, Hitchcock CL. Progesterone for hot flush and night sweat treatment--effectiveness for severe vasomotor symptoms and lack of withdrawal rebound. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012; 28 Suppl 2:7-11. [PMID: 22849758 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2012.705390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A controlled trial recently showed that oral micronized progesterone (Progesterone, 300 mg at h.s. daily) was effective for vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in 133 healthy early postmenopausal women. Here, we present subgroup data in women with severe VMS (50 VMS of moderate-severe intensity/wk) and also 1-mo withdrawal study outcomes. Women with severe VMS (n = 46) resembled the full cohort but experienced 10 VMS/d of 3 of 4 intensity. On therapy, the progesterone VMS number (#) decreased significantly more than placebo # to 5.5/day (d) versus 8/d (ANCOVA -2.0 95% CI: -3.5 to -0.4). Just after trial mid-point, a withdrawal substudy (D/C) was added--56 women were invited and 34 (61%) took part (progesterone 17; placebo 17). Those in the D/C cohort resembled the whole cohort. On stopping, VMS gradually increased--at D/C week 4, on progesterone, VMS daily # reached 78% and significantly less than baseline (-3.0 to -0.8) but placebo VMS # did not differ from run-in. In summary, progesterone is effective for severe VMS and does not cause a rebound increase in VMS when stopped. That progesterone may be used alone for severe VMS and unlike estrogen does not appear to cause a withdrawal rebound increases VMS treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerilynn C Prior
- Centre for Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation Research, Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Chism L. Breast cancer and menopause: art, science and quality of life. Adv NPs PAs 2012; 3:21-25. [PMID: 23082606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Chism
- Alexander J. Walt Comprehensive Breast Center, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, USA
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Caan BJ, Emond JA, Su HI, Patterson RE, Flatt SW, Gold EB, Newman VA, Rock CL, Thomson CA, Pierce JP. Effect of postdiagnosis weight change on hot flash status among early-stage breast cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:1492-7. [PMID: 22430275 PMCID: PMC4874147 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.36.8597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hot flashes (HF) affect a large proportion of breast cancer (BC) survivors and can negatively affect their quality of life. Treatments other than estrogen replacement to alleviate HF are needed. Body weight is related to hot flashes, but little is known about the effect of weight change on HF. PATIENTS AND METHODS We used data from 3,088 women previously treated for early-stage BC who were enrolled onto the Women's Healthy Eating and Living study to examine the association between weight change after a breast cancer diagnosis and the odds of reporting HF. RESULTS Overall, 36.1% of participants reported moderate to severe HF at study entry. At 2 years postdiagnosis, 69.2% of women remained within 10%, 4.8% lost at least 10%, and 26.0% gained at least 10% of their prediagnosis weight. Those who gained at least 10% of their prediagnosis weight had a greater risk of reporting HF than women who remained weight stable in that same period (odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.60; P = .003). Weight loss of at least 10% of prediagnosis weight was associated with a nonsignificant reduced risk (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.08; P = .118) of reporting HF. However, the trend of weight change (weight loss and weight gain) on HF was significant both when examined categorically (P = .03) and continuously (P < .001). CONCLUSION Prevention of weight gain after a BC diagnosis-a modifiable behavior-may offer a viable intervention for relief of HF. Effects of intentional weight loss in BC survivors requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bette J Caan
- Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
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Abstract
Daily administration of soy isoflavones for 2 years did not prevent bone loss or menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chalupka
- Department of Nursing, Worcester State University, 486 Chandler Street, Worcester, MA 01602-2597, USA.
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Rostock M, Fischer J, Mumm A, Stammwitz U, Saller R, Bartsch HH. Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients with climacteric complaints - a prospective observational study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2011; 27:844-8. [PMID: 21231853 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2010.538097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The antihormonal therapy of breast cancer patients with the antiestrogen tamoxifen often induces or aggravates menopausal complaints. As estrogen substitution is contraindicated, herbal alternatives, e.g. extracts of black cohosh are often used. DESIGN A prospective observational study was carried out in 50 breast cancer patients with tamoxifen treatment. All patients had had surgery, most of them had undergone radiation therapy (87%) and approximately 50% had received chemotherapy. Every patient was treated with an isopropanolic extract of black cohosh (1-4 tablets, 2.5 mg) for 6 months. Patients recorded their complaints before therapy and after 1, 3, and 6 months of therapy using the menopause rating scale (MRS II). RESULTS The reduction of the total MRS II score under black cohosh treatment from 17.6 to 13.6 was statistically significant. Hot flashes, sweating, sleep problems, and anxiety improved, whereas urogenital and musculoskeletal complaints did not change. In all, 22 patients reported adverse events, none of which were linked with the study medication; 90% reported the tolerability of the black cohosh extract as very good or good. CONCLUSIONS Black cohosh extract seems to be a reasonable treatment approach in tamoxifen treated breast cancer patients with predominantly psychovegetative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rostock
- Institute of Complementary Medicine, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Ogwumike OO, Sanya AO, Arowojolu AO. Endurance exercise effect on quality of life and menopausal symptoms in Nigerian women. Afr J Med Med Sci 2011; 40:187-195. [PMID: 22428512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women in the menopausal stage of life usually have climacteric symptoms of hot flashes, back pain, sleeplessness, night sweats and increased risk of cardiovascular disorders. Although physical exercises have been documented to favourably alleviate some of these problems, there's a paucity of knowledge of their effects on menopausal women in Nigeria. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of a twelve-week Endurance Exercise Programme (EEP) on quality of life(QOL) and menopausal symptoms in these women. METHODS Participants were purposively recruited and assigned into perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups based on history of thier last menstrual period and from each of these groups randomized into: perimenopausal exercise group (PEMEG), postmenopausal exercise group (POMEG), perimenopausal control group (PEMCG) postmenopausal control group (POMCG). Quality of life (QOL), Menopausal symptoms - Back Pain (BP) and hot flashes (HF) among other variables, were evaluated at baseline and 4 weekly intervals. EEP consisted of a 10-station circuit of muscular and cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, coordination, abdominal and pelvic floor muscle exercises. RESULTS One hundred and seventy five menopausal women, mean age 52.3 +/- 4.1 years. Significant changes occurred between baseline and end of 12th week mean values of PEMEG for QOL: 565.9 +/- 108.8 vs 725.0 +/- 42.9 and BP 4.42 +/- 1.7 vs 1.00 +/- 0.0. (p= 0.000). Also, in POMEG: QOL 558.3 +/- 127.7 vs 736.5 +/- 44.8; and BP 5.37 +/- 1.48 vs 1.88 +/- 1.18 (p=0.000). Significant changes in QOL and BP did not occur in the control groups. CONCLUSION Routine participation in endurance exercise programme is recommended for menopausal women for improved QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Ogwumike
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Levis S, Strickman-Stein N, Ganjei-Azar P, Xu P, Doerge DR, Krischer J. Soy isoflavones in the prevention of menopausal bone loss and menopausal symptoms: a randomized, double-blind trial. Arch Intern Med 2011; 171:1363-9. [PMID: 21824950 DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns regarding the risk of estrogen replacement have resulted in a significant increase in the use of soy products by menopausal women who, despite the lack of evidence of the efficacy of such products, seek alternatives to menopausal hormone therapy. Our goal was to determine the efficacy of soy isoflavone tablets in preventing bone loss and menopausal symptoms. METHODS The study design was a single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial conducted from July 1, 2004, through March 31, 2009. Women aged 45 to 60 years within 5 years of menopause and with a bone mineral density T score of -2.0 or higher in the lumbar spine or total hip were randomly assigned, in equal proportions, to receive daily soy isoflavone tablets, 200 mg, or placebo. The primary outcome was changes in bone mineral density in the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck at the 2-year follow-up. Secondary outcomes included changes in menopausal symptoms, vaginal cytologic characteristics, N -telopeptide of type I bone collagen, lipids, and thyroid function. RESULTS After 2 years, no significant differences were found between the participants receiving soy tablets (n = 122) and those receiving placebo (n = 126) regarding changes in bone mineral density in the spine (-2.0% and -2.3%, respectively), the total hip (-1.2% and -1.4%, respectively), or the femoral neck (-2.2% and -2.1%, respectively). A significantly larger proportion of participants in the soy group experienced hot flashes and constipation compared with the control group. No significant differences were found between groups in other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In this population, the daily administration of tablets containing 200 mg of soy isoflavones for 2 years did not prevent bone loss or menopausal symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00076050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Levis
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, USA.
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Newton KM, Grady D. Soy isoflavones for prevention of menopausal bone loss and vasomotor symptoms: comment on "Soy isoflavones in the prevention of menopausal bone loss and menopausal symptoms". Arch Intern Med 2011; 171:1369-70. [PMID: 21824951 DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Newton
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Hot flashes. Common coping strategies, treatment options. Mayo Clin Womens Healthsource 2011; 15:1-2. [PMID: 21358577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Abstract
The health benefits associated with soya food consumption have been widely studied, with soya isoflavones and soya protein implicated in the protection of CVD, osteoporosis and cancers such as those of the breast and prostate. Equol (7-hydroxy-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-chroman), a metabolite of the soya isoflavone daidzein, is produced via the formation of the intermediate dihydrodaidzein, by human intestinal bacteria, with only approximately 30-40% of the adult population having the ability to perform this transformation following a soya challenge. Inter-individual variation in conversion of daidzein to equol has been attributed, in part, to differences in the diet and in gut microflora composition, although the specific bacteria responsible for the colonic biotransformation of daidzein to equol are yet to be identified. Equol is a unique compound in that it can exert oestrogenic effects, but is also a potent antagonist of dihydrotestosterone in vivo. Furthermore, in vitro studies suggest that equol is more biologically active than its parent compound, daidzein, with a higher affinity for the oestrogen receptor and a more potent antioxidant activity. Although some observational and intervention studies suggest that the ability to produce equol is associated with reduced risk of breast and prostate cancer, CVD, improved bone health and reduced incidence of hot flushes, others have reported null or adverse effects. Studies to date have been limited and well-designed studies that are sufficiently powered to investigate the relationship between equol production and disease risk are warranted before the clinical relevance of the equol phenotype can be fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Magee
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
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The antidepressant citalopram cuts hot flash severity and frequency. Harv Womens Health Watch 2010; 18:6-7. [PMID: 20960703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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An update on soy: It's just so-so. The onetime health food champion is an excellent source of protein, but it hasn't lived up to its earlier billing. Harv Health Lett 2010; 35:1-3. [PMID: 20700953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Winther K, Rein E, Hedman C. Femal, a herbal remedy made from pollen extracts, reduces hot flushes and improves quality of life in menopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study. Climacteric 2010; 8:162-70. [PMID: 16096172 DOI: 10.1080/13697130500117987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fact that hormone replacement therapy has been claimed to increase the risk of breast cancer has made it relevant to search for new non-hormonal treatments of menopausal symptoms. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate whether Femal, a herbal remedy made from pollen extracts, alleviates the symptoms of the menopause, especially hot flushes. DESIGN A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial of 64 menopausal women, of whom 54 completed the trial. After an initial run-in phase of 1 month, the women were randomly given either two Femal tablets each morning, or two identical placebo tablets, for 3 months of treatment. On inclusion, and then at 4-week intervals, the patients were asked to evaluate 16 symptoms of the menopause using Menopause Rating Scales (MRS). In addition, every day throughout the study, certain menopausal symptoms were recorded in a diary. RESULTS The two treatment groups were identical regarding demographic data and the initial symptom scores. In the active-treatment group, 65% responded with a reduction in hot flushes compared with 38% in the placebo group (p<0.006) and, in this group, the number of hot flushes registered in diaries declined after 3 months by 27% as compared to the placebo group (p<0.026). MRS evaluation of hot flushes yielded similar results (p<0.031). There were 23% and 22% decreases in hot flushes after 2 and 3 months of treatment, respectively, and after both intervals of time the inter-group comparisons were significantly affected. An overall evaluation of the trend in 15 other 'quality-of-life' parameters showed likewise in favor of the pollen extract (p<0.031). CONCLUSION The pollen extract Femal significantly reduces hot flushes and certain other menopausal symptoms when compared to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Winther
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Copenhagen in Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
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Average duration of hot flashes may be longer than previously thought. Harv Womens Health Watch 2009; 16:7. [PMID: 19780206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Hormone therapy. An update on risks and benefits. Mayo Clin Womens Healthsource 2009; Suppl:1-8. [PMID: 19405167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Lipov EG, Joshi JR, Sanders S, Slavin KV. A unifying theory linking the prolonged efficacy of the stellate ganglion block for the treatment of chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS), hot flashes, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Med Hypotheses 2009; 72:657-61. [PMID: 19237252 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of action of the stellate ganglion block (SGB) is still uncertain; however it has been used successfully in treatment of chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS) for many years. Our new insights in to the mechanism of action of the stellate ganglion block were first reported in 2007 in our publication detailing the control of hot flashes with the use of stellate ganglion blockade. We have demonstrated very significant results in the treatment of hot flashes and our most recent application of this block has been for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Stellate ganglion has been demonstrated to have second and third order neurons connections with the central nervous system nuclei that modulate body temperature, neuropathic pain, the manifestations of PTSD, and many other areas. We believe that the commonality between the CRPS, HF and PTSD is the trigger of increased nerve growth factor (NGF) leading to the increase in brain norepinephrine (NR), which in turn is affected by the SGB leading to a prolonged reduction of NGF and eventually a decrease in NR. This, in turn, leads to a reduction or elimination of many of the symptoms of CRPS, Hot flashes, and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene G Lipov
- Advanced Pain Centers S.C., 2260 W. Higgins Rd., Ste. 101, Hoffman Estates, IL 60169, USA.
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Wang L, Zhao H, Cheng C, Xie F. [Effect of equol of a isoflavone metabolite on menopausal symptoms]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2009; 38:117-119. [PMID: 19267091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of equol of a isoflavone metabolite on menopausal women and the menopausal syndrome. METHODS 71 menopausal women living in Harbin were assessed, and the participants were at the age of 45-55 years. The concentrations of Isoflavone and equol in first-void morning urines were analyzed by HPLC. All participants completed Kupperman questionnaire tables which were used to evaluate the severity of menopausal symptoms. The association between the equol concentrations in menopausal women and the menopausal syndrome were examine by statistical analysis method. RESULTS The negative association between the urinary equol concentrations and the menopausal index score (P < 0.05) were found, and the negative correlation only exists in EP group after grouping at the concentration of 0.5 microg/ml equol. CONCLUSION It was suggested that it were more higher of urinary equol concentration in menopausal women, more less of the menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Abstract
Androgeno-deprivation is the treatment of reference for metastatic prostate cancer but it generates side effects which are too often ignored by physicians due to concentration on hopes of carcinologic benefit. Hot flashes, metabolic syndrome (body mass and lipid changes), decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, anemia, cognitive dysfunction, gynecomastia, decreased muscular mass and osteoporosis are the most frequent symptoms. They can and must be prevented by advice on physical activity and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lebret
- Service d'Urologie, Hôpital Foch, Faculté de médecine Paris-Ile-de-France-Ouest, UVSQ, France.
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