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Kılıç-Demir B, Kızılpınar SÇ. Stigmatization of patients with mental disorders: a comparative study of nurses in forensic psychiatry and inpatient settings. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1440917. [PMID: 39211536 PMCID: PMC11358071 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1440917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Forensic psychiatric patients require specialized care due to the unique challenges in forensic settings. Negative attitudes and beliefs towards mentally disordered offenders can lead to discrimination against patients and are related to worse outcomes. Forensic psychiatric nurses play a crucial role in the treatment of these patients. Aim This study aimed to investigate the perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs of forensic psychiatric nurses and general medicine nurses towards psychiatric patients and to compare them between nurse groups. Method The study was conducted with 46 nurses working in the High-Security Forensic Psychiatry Clinic (Mean age: 35.46, SD= 7.16) and 58 nurses working in other inpatient settings (Mean age:36.28, SD=8.78) aged between 18-65 between December 2020 and April 2021 in Turkey. Nurses in the forensic psychiatry clinic were required to have at least 6 months of experience in the clinic. Results Forensic psychiatric nurses exhibited more positive attitudes towards patients (p<.0001), showing lower tendency to be socially distant (p=.009), higher trust (p<.0001), higher willingness to treat (p<.0001), lower tendency to perceive patients as threatening (p=.004), and more general positive attitudes. Significant relationships were found between some of the stigma-related scales we used and certain factors. For forensic nurses, being male (p=0.043) and single (p=,025), working long hours (p=.047), and having fewer children (p=.005) were related to more negative perceptions about delinquents. Insufficient knowledge about forensic psychiatry was linked to negative beliefs about mental disorders (p=0.017) and specifically the curability of mental disorders (p=0.008). Having more siblings was related to higher embarrassment about mental disorders (p=.043). For general nurses, having first-degree relatives who receive psychiatric treatment was related to perceiving patients as threatening (p=.021)) and negative perceptions about delinquents (p=.007). Being older was related to more positive beliefs about mental patients' dangerousness (p=.026). Having more siblings was associated with higher trust toward patients (p=0.002). Conclusions These findings emphasize the importance of addressing stigmatization among healthcare professionals, particularly forensic psychiatry nurses and general nurses. Providing comprehensive training about mental disorders and forensic psychiatry and promoting empathy and understanding can enhance the quality of care for patients with mental illnesses and contribute to better mental health outcomes for society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barış Kılıç-Demir
- Department of Psychiatry, Ministry of Health Adana City Training & Research Hospital, Adana, Türkiye
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Puiu S, Udriștioiu MT, Petrișor I, Yılmaz SE, Pfefferová MS, Raykova Z, Yildizhan H, Marekova E. Students' Well-Being and Academic Engagement: A Multivariate Analysis of the Influencing Factors. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1492. [PMID: 39120197 PMCID: PMC11311661 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12151492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to identify the factors that are positively or negatively impacting students' well-being and their academic engagement. We used partial least-squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using the data collected through a questionnaire from four countries: Romania, Turkey, Slovakia, and Bulgaria. The model includes seven factors that influence the well-being of students and indirectly their academic engagement: stressors in the students' lives; professors' support; social support from family and friends; the students' perceived satisfaction in their lives; engaging in activities during their leisure time; self-exploration regarding their careers; and environmental exploration regarding their careers. The results show that all factors, except for stressors and environmental exploration regarding their careers, positively influence the students' well-being and thus their academic engagement. These findings are useful for university professors and managers in better organizing activities to increase academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Puiu
- Department of Management, Marketing and Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tinca Udriștioiu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania; (M.T.U.); (I.P.)
| | - Iulian Petrișor
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania; (M.T.U.); (I.P.)
| | - Sıdıka Ece Yılmaz
- Career Planning Application and Research Center, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, 46278 Adana, Türkiye;
| | | | - Zhelyazka Raykova
- Department of Educational Technologies, Faculty of Physics and Technology, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (Z.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Hasan Yildizhan
- Energy Systems Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, 46278 Adana, Türkiye;
| | - Elisaveta Marekova
- Department of Educational Technologies, Faculty of Physics and Technology, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (Z.R.); (E.M.)
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Li W, Tian Y, Chen C, Li H, Chen H, Liu J, Chen X, Tang H, Zhou J, Wang S, Wang X, Cai W, Zhou J. Mapping Violent Behaviors and Psychiatric Symptoms Among Male Psychiatric Inpatients from a Network Perspective. Psychiatr Q 2023; 94:705-719. [PMID: 37831344 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-023-10056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric symptoms are common risk factors of violent behaviors among psychiatric patients. This study explored the interrelationship between violence and psychiatric symptoms in male psychiatric inpatients. This is a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2019. All patients admitted to the Male Psychiatry Unit of the Second Xiangya Hospital were consecutively recruited. The presence of five violent behaviors and eleven psychiatric symptoms were collected by reviewing medical records and were included as categorical variable in the network analyses. A total of 673 participants were included. The most central symptoms were "flight of ideas", "property-oriented violence", "emotional high", "verbal violence", "physical violence attempt", and "physical violence" in the network of psychiatric symptoms and violent behaviors. The bridge symptoms connecting violence and psychiatric symptoms were "verbal violence", "property-oriented violence", "hyperbulia", and "emotional high" according to the indices of bridge expected influence. The directed acyclic graph analysis revealed that "emotional high" and "hyperbulia" were the key psychiatric symptoms triggering violence, while "verbal violence" and "property-oriented violence" were the most upstream violent behavior. Verbal and property-oriented violence should be addressed in the risk assessment among male psychiatric inpatients. In addition, emotional high and hyperbulia are the potential treatment targets for violent behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Ministry of Justice, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Yusheng Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Ministry of Justice, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Haozhe Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianliang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huajia Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Ministry of Justice, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Shujian Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Ministry of Justice, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Weixiong Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Jiansong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Ministry of Justice, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China.
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White J, Ahern E. Self‐efficacy, sympathy, and attributions: Understanding helping intentions towards disclosers of mental health concerns on social media. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica White
- School of Psychology, Glasnevin Campus Dublin City University Dublin Ireland
| | - Elayne Ahern
- School of Psychology, Glasnevin Campus Dublin City University Dublin Ireland
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Devoisin-Lagarde C, Trémolière B, Charbonnier E, Caparos S. Effects of a Cognitive Schema Account on the Stigma of Schizophrenia: A Study in a French University Student Sample. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5406/19398298.135.3.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Among people with psychiatric disorders, those with schizophrenia are subject to high levels of stigmatization. Research is necessary to identify new strategies that may help reduce the stigma of schizophrenia. Educational strategies using cognitive accounts, particularly early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), have shown promising results in the context of depression, but they have not been evaluated in the context of schizophrenia. The present study compared the effect on the stigma of three different educational strategies, based on cognitive distortions, biogenetics, and EMSs. A total of 378 students were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups. Three experimental groups were presented with a vignette that introduced 1 of 3 different etiological accounts of schizophrenia (cognitive distortions, EMSs, or biogenetics). The fourth group was presented with a text unrelated to schizophrenia. The participants completed questionnaires that measured their attitudes, empathic concern, and social distance toward people with schizophrenia, before and after reading the text. The intervention using the EMS etiology account for schizophrenia was the only one that led to a significant decrease in stigma. The latter effect was driven mainly by an increase in the level of empathic concern toward people with schizophrenia. Given that similar results have been observed for depression and that the role of EMSs in many psychiatric disorders has been demonstrated, studying the effects of EMS explanations for other stigmatized disorders may be promising for reducing the stigma of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Serge Caparos
- Université Paris and Institut Universitaire de France
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Li W, Zhang Q, Tang Y, Park SC, Park Y, Yang SY, Chen LY, Lin SK, Najoan E, Kallivayalil RA, Viboonma K, Jamaluddin R, Javed A, Thi Quynh Hoa D, Iida H, Sim K, Swe T, He YL, Ahmed HU, De Alwis A, Chiu HFK, Sartorius N, Tan CH, Chong MY, Shinfuku N, Avasthi A, Grover S, Ungvari GS, Ng CH, Xiang YT. Network analysis of psychiatric symptoms in schizophrenia: Findings from the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns for Antipsychotics (REAP-AP). Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 75:103200. [PMID: 35850062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder with a wide range of psychiatric symptoms. This study explored the structure of psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia using network analysis in a large representative Asian sample based on a survey of clinical features and treatment used in schizophrenia patients across 15 countries/territories in Asia. METHODS Data on the demographic characteristics and psychiatric symptoms in schizophrenia patients were extracted from the dataset of the fourth Research on Asia Psychotropic Prescription for Antipsychotics (REAP-AP) project. The presence of the following psychiatric symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms, social/occupational dysfunction, verbal aggression, physical aggression, and affective symptoms were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 3681 patients were included. The network analysis revealed that verbal aggression, hallucinations, and social/occupational dysfunction were the most central symptoms, while the connections between social/occupational dysfunction and verbal aggression, and between hallucinations and disorganized speech were the two strongest edges. There were significant gender differences in the network structure based on the network structure invariance test (M=0.74, P = 0.03) and invariant edge strength test. The positive correlation between verbal aggression and hallucinations was significantly stronger in the female network than that in the male network (P = 0.03), while a negative correlation between affective symptoms and negative symptoms was found in the female, but not the male network (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Central symptoms including verbal aggression, hallucinations, and socio-occupational dysfunction should be addressed in developing targeted treatment strategy for schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, China, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinge Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Seon-Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yongchon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Shu-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Yu Chen
- Kunming Prevention and Control Center, Taipei City Hospital; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ku Lin
- Kunming Prevention and Control Center, Taipei City Hospital; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Ruzita Jamaluddin
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Hospital Tuanku Fauziah, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Afzal Javed
- Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre, Fountain House, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Hitoshi Iida
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kang Sim
- Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, Singapore
| | - Thiha Swe
- Department of Mental Health, University of Medicine, Magway, Myanmar
| | - Yan-Ling He
- Department of Psychiatric Epidemiology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Helen F K Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Norman Sartorius
- Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programs, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chay-Hoon Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mian-Yoon Chong
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung & Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Naotaka Shinfuku
- International Center for Medical Research, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
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Nishio A, Marutani T. Mental health literacy survey among Cambodia’s urban and rural populations: Results from a vignette-based population survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265120. [PMID: 35482770 PMCID: PMC9049506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although there are effective methods for the treatment and management of various mental illnesses, some individuals still do not seek psychiatric treatment. Various factors could affect this reluctance toward treatment, one of which is the public’s lack of mental health literacy. This survey aimed to measure and compare mental health literacy in Cambodia’s urban and rural areas. Method Tours were held to hold seminars that provided information about mental health in the health centers around Phnom Penh (PP) and Siem Reap (SR), and a survey was conducted on mental health literacy for the participants before the seminar at each location. Anthony Jorm’s vignette of psychosis (young adult) and Angermeyer’s questionnaire were used. After the participants were classified into the “agree group” and “disagree group” for each item, the answers for each item given by the participants in PP and SR were compared using the chi-square test and the odds rate was calculated. Results The participants in SR were more likely to give reasons such as inherited causes, economic problems, stress at work, or family problems as the cause of schizophrenia. The percentage of these beliefs about schizophrenia was relatively lower in PP than in SR. Regarding attitudes toward schizophrenia, the participants in SR were more likely to have negative views and predict negative prognoses than the participants in PP. As for participants’ feelings about schizophrenia, the participants in SR reacted more strongly than those in PP. Even though the participants in SR reacted more negatively, they were sympathetic toward individuals with schizophrenia. Conclusion Overall, the participants in the SR group were more likely to have negative attitudes toward schizophrenia than those in the PP group. These results support our hypothesis that mental health literacy represents the maturity of community mental health in a targeted area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nishio
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Psychopathology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Lampropoulos D, Apostolidis T. Be autonomous or stay away! Providing evidence for autonomy beliefs as legitimizing myths for the stigma of schizophrenia ( ¡Sé autónomo o mantente al margen! Ofreciendo evidencias para las creencias en la autonomía consideradas como mitos legitimizantes para el estigma de la esquizofrenia). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2022.2040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pan YZ, Xie XM, Tang YL, Ng CH, Wang G, Xiang YT. A comparison of aggression between patients with acute schizophrenia and mania presenting to psychiatric emergency services. J Affect Disord 2022; 296:493-497. [PMID: 34653702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aggression is common and challenging in psychiatric emergency departments (PED). However, the prevalence of aggression and its correlates in PED patients are not well documented. This study compared the prevalence of aggression between patients with acute schizophrenia and manic episodes. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, patients at a psychiatric emergency department were assessed with measurements of aggression, psychotic and manic symptoms. RESULTS A total of 4,172 patients were included. The prevalence of aggression was 54.8% (95%CI=53.3%-65.2%) in the whole sample, with 48.0% (95%CI=45.8%-50.1%) in patients with an acute schizophrenia episode, and 61.8% (95%CI=59.8%-63.9%) in patients with a manic episode. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that, within the acute schizophrenia episode group, male gender (OR=1.47, P<0.01), involuntary admission (OR=3.61, P<0.01) and more severe manic symptoms (OR=1.30, P<0.01) were significantly associated with aggression. Within the manic episode group, living in Beijing (OR=1.51, P<0.01), unemployment (OR=1.34, P=0.03), involuntary admission (OR=7.93, P<0.01), lower education (OR=0.95, P=0.01) and more severe psychotic symptoms (OR=1.05, P<0.01) were significantly associated with aggression. CONCLUSION In this study, aggression appeared to be more common among patients with a manic episode than those with an acute schizophrenia episode. Considering the significant risk of aggression on psychiatric emergency care, appropriate and effective management of aggression in this population group need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhu Pan
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Xie
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Lang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Mental Health Service Line, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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Arafat SMY, Khan MM, Menon V, Ali SA, Rezaeian M, Shoib S. Psychological autopsy study and risk factors for suicide in Muslim countries. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e414. [PMID: 34622034 PMCID: PMC8485607 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide and risk factors have been poorly studied in the Muslim-majority countries that hinder the formulation of prevention strategies and affect suicide prevention eventually. OBJECTIVES We aimed at identifying and analyzing the psychological autopsy studies assessing the risk factors for suicide conducted in Muslim-majority countries. METHODS We did a search to trace all the available psychological autopsy studies in the Muslim countries with the search term "psychological autopsy study in Muslim countries." We also checked the available bibliographies to identify the psychological autopsy studies in the Muslim countries so that all the possible studies could be included. RESULTS Out of the Muslim countries, only eight psychological autopsy studies were identified in five countries (Bangladesh [1], Indonesia [1], Iran [1], Pakistan [2], and Turkey [3]). Six studies adopted a case-control study design, and all were carried out in urban settings. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among case-control studies varied from 52.8% in Turkey to 96% in Pakistan. Psychiatric illness, self-harm, and stressful life events were the commonly replicated risk factors for suicide across studies. CONCLUSIONS Psychological autopsy studies have been conducted only in five Muslim countries revealing that the risk factor for suicide is certainly under-researched in the incumbent countries. This review identified a similar list of risk factors for suicide, namely, psychiatric disorder, past non-fatal attempts, and adverse life events compared to the Western countries even though the rate varies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of PsychiatryEnam Medical College and HospitalDhakaBangladesh
| | - Murad M. Khan
- Department of PsychiatryAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department of PsychiatryJawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)PuducherryIndia
| | | | - Mohsen Rezaeian
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics DepartmentRafsanjan Medical School, Occupational Environmental Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
| | - Sheikh Shoib
- Department of PsychiatryJawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Hospital (JLNMH)SrinagarIndia
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Soroye MO, Oleribe OO, Taylor-Robinson SD. Community Psychiatry Care: An Urgent Need in Nigeria. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:1145-1148. [PMID: 34045861 PMCID: PMC8148654 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s309517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nigeria's mental health policy was formulated in 1991, but it did not make adequate provision for community-based psychiatric care. Since there are only seven government-owned psychiatry facilities in Nigeria and these are always overwhelmed, there is the need to overhaul the existing policy and emphasise the urgency of a shift from inpatient psychiatric mental healthcare towards a community-based multidisciplinary psychiatric healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modupeoluwa Omotunde Soroye
- School of Public Health, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Obinna O Oleribe
- Klamath Tribal Health & Family Services, Klamath Falls, OR, 97601, USA
| | - Simon D Taylor-Robinson
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, St Mary’s Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
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Haouchet S, Harder C, Müller S. Comparison of the Effects of a Genetic, a Mild Encephalitis, and a Psychosocial Causal Explanation of Schizophrenia on Stigmatizing Attitudes - a Pilot Study With a Quasi-Experimental Design. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:745124. [PMID: 34616325 PMCID: PMC8489806 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.745124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous research has shown that the endorsement of biogenetic causal explanations of schizophrenia is associated with stronger stigmatizing attitudes against people with schizophrenia than the endorsement of psychosocial explanations. However, little is known about whether different biogenetic causal explanation beliefs differentially affect stigmatizing attitudes. This is particularly valid for the endorsement of the mild encephalitis hypothesis of schizophrenia. Aim: To examine to what extent different causal explanations of schizophrenia influence the desire for social distance from persons with schizophrenia. Methods: A study with a prospective, quasi-experimental design was carried out with students in Germany (N = 333). A case vignette depicting a person with schizophrenia-typical symptoms was presented, and a social distance scale (SDS) was used to measure the stigmatizing attitude against the person described. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups receiving different causal explanations of schizophrenia (genetic, mild encephalitis hypothesis, or psychosocial) without treatment information. Results: A one-way ANOVA showed that the mean SDS was lowest in the group with the mild encephalitis hypothesis explanation, followed by the genetic explanation group, and highest in the psychosocial explanation group. However, the differences between the groups were small and not significant. A subanalysis revealed a significant interaction between gender and causal explanation. Women showed a significantly lower desire for social distance than men when receiving the mild encephalitis hypothesis. Neither the study discipline nor the number of semesters of study had significant effects on the mean SDS. The differences between the mean SDS scores for the different items were much bigger than the differences for the different causal explanations. Regardless of the causal explanation, the extent of the desired social distance depends strongly on social proximity. Conclusion: The present study fits into previous research, which has found that biogenetic beliefs were either associated with more social distance or did not yield a statistically significant association. Although we found a small gender-specific effect of the endorsement of the mild encephalitis hypothesis, we do not recommend gender-specific anti-stigmatization campaigns because they might rightly raise suspicions of dishonesty and manipulation. Rather we support recovery-oriented messages focusing on effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Haouchet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Harder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Oudejans SCC, Spits ME, van Weeghel J. A cross-sectional survey of stigma towards people with a mental illness in the general public. The role of employment, domestic noise disturbance and age. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1547-1554. [PMID: 34272574 PMCID: PMC8429159 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stigmatization impedes the social integration of persons recovering from mental illnesses. Little is known about characteristics of the stigmatized person that lessen or aggravate public stigma. PURPOSE This study investigates which characteristics of persons with mental illnesses (i.e. with a depression or a psychotic disorder) might increase or decrease the likelihood of public stigma. METHODS Over 2,000 adults read one of sixteen vignettes describing a person with a depressive disorder or a psychotic disorder and answered a set of items measuring social distance. RESULTS The person who was employed (vs. unemployed), or whose neighbors did not experience domestic noise disturbance (vs. disturbance) elicited significantly less social distance. Also persons with a depressive disorder elicited less social distance, vs. persons with a psychotic disorder. CONCLUSION Employment and good housing circumstances may destigmatize persons coping with mental illnesses. Mental health and social services should encourage paid employment, quality housing and other paths to community integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. C. C. Oudejans
- Mark Bench, Rhôneweg 16, 1043AH Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. E. Spits
- Mark Bench, Rhôneweg 16, 1043AH Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Dutch Addiction Association, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - J. van Weeghel
- Phrenos Center of Expertise, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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14
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Willenberg L, Wulan N, Medise BE, Devaera Y, Riyanti A, Ansariadi A, Wiguna T, Kaligis F, Fisher J, Luchters S, Jameel A, Sawyer SM, Tran T, Kennedy E, Patton GC, Wiweko B, Azzopardi PS. Understanding mental health and its determinants from the perspective of adolescents: A qualitative study across diverse social settings in Indonesia. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 52:102148. [PMID: 32450491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Poor mental health is a leading contributor to the burden of disease experienced by adolescents, including in resource constrained settings. However, little is known about how adolescents in these countries conceptualise mental health and its determinants which is essential to informing effective responses. This study aimed to explore how adolescents in Indonesia (a populous and rapidly developing country) conceptualise mental health and what they identify as important determinants. Eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 86 Indonesian adolescents (aged 16-18 years), sampled from schools and community settings from Jakarta and South Sulawesi. FGDs were recorded, transcribed, translated and thematically analysed. Mental health was recognised as a significant concern by adolescents in Indonesia. Good mental health was conceptualised as emotional wellbeing and happiness. By contrast, poor mental health was predominantly described in terms of substantial mental illness manifesting as behavioural and physical disturbance. Further, poor mental health only happened to 'other' people, with stigmatising views prevalent. Absent from the discussions were common symptoms of poor mental health (stress, loneliness, poor sleep) and common mental disorders (e.g. depression, anxiety) or a conceptualisation that reflected poor mental health to be a normal human experience. Discussions around determinants of poor mental health suggested that family connections (particularly with parents), school pressures, and adverse exposures on social media were important drivers of poor mental health, with religion also surfacing as an important determinant. In highlighting mental health as an important issue for Indonesian adolescents, this study provides a foundation for targeted responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Willenberg
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nisaa Wulan
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bernie Endyarni Medise
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yoga Devaera
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aida Riyanti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ansariadi Ansariadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Tjhin Wiguna
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fransiska Kaligis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jane Fisher
- Global and Women's Health Unit, School of Population and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stanley Luchters
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Population Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Aishah Jameel
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan M Sawyer
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thach Tran
- Global and Women's Health Unit, School of Population and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elissa Kennedy
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Budi Wiweko
- Research and Social Services, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Peter S Azzopardi
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Aboriginal Health Equity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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Li W, Yang Y, Hong L, An FR, Ungvari GS, Ng CH, Xiang YT. Prevalence of aggression in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 47:101846. [PMID: 31715468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aggression is common in patients with schizophrenia and is clinically significant, but its prevalence is inconsistent across studies. This is a meta-analysis of the prevalence of aggression and its associated factors in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, Medline and Web of Science databases were systematically searched. Studies that reported the prevalence of aggression in patients with schizophrenia using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) were included and analyzed using the random-effects model. RESULTS Fifteen studies with 4855 patients were initially included; of these, 13 studies with 3929 patients were pooled in the final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of aggression was 33.3% (95%CI: 21.5%-47.7%); specifically, the estimated prevalence of verbal, property-oriented, auto and physical aggression were 42.6% (95%CI: 17.0%-72.9%), 23.8% (95%CI: 10.1%-46.4%), 23.5% (95%CI: 6.5%-57.7%), and 23.7% (95%CI: 10.4%-45.3%), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that different MOAS cut-off values (P < 0.001) and source of patients (inpatients vs. community-dwelling patients) significantly moderated the results (P < 0.001). Meta-regression analyses found that studies published recently reported higher aggression rate, while higher quality assessment score was associated with lower aggression rate (both P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis confirmed that aggression is common in schizophrenia patients. Considering the significant clinical risk issues, appropriate treatments and effective management of aggression in this population need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Liu Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, WuZhongpei Memorial Hospital, Guangdong province, China; Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong province, China
| | - Feng-Rong An
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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