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Psychometric properties of the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire (ARQ) in a sample of Swedish adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:468. [PMID: 35836194 PMCID: PMC9284718 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of resilience, and interest in it, has increased markedly in recent years, based on the need to understand why some children and young people have a resilience to stress that others lack. At the same time, there has been a lack of instruments to measure resilience. The aim of this study was to translate the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire (ARQ) into Swedish and investigate the psychometrics of this Swedish version. METHODS A normative sample of 616 students aged 15-17 was recruited through the school system in five different communities. Students filled out a digitalised composite form consisting of ARQ and three other standardised questionnaires, the Sense of Coherence Scale-13 (Soc-13), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ). RESULTS The ARQ, with five domains and twelve subscales, showed good alpha coefficients α = .95 for the total scale and subscales ranging between α = .70 to .91, except for the subscales Emotional insight (α = 0.69) and Empathy/Tolerance (α = .61). The convergent validity, which was tested for the first time in this study, was good, especially with the Internal Domain for both SOC-13 and RSES. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a satisfactory construct validity. Finally, some gender differences were seen, with boys scoring higher on the total ARQ scale. CONCLUSION The study shows that the Swedish translation of ARQ has satisfactory psychometric properties. The ARQ could therefore be used as a tool for adolescents when evaluating the importance of resilience.
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The Brief 35-Item ARQ: Validation of the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire in India. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-022-00643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Tang Y, Diao H, Jin F, Pu Y, Wang H. The effect of peer education based on adolescent health education on the resilience of children and adolescents: A cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263012. [PMID: 35108312 PMCID: PMC8809556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of children and adolescents have reported mental health problems, and resilience is a protective factor against these problems. Therefore, the aim of the study is to verify the effect of peer education based on adolescent health education on adolescent resilience. METHOD A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted including 1,613 students who were divided into an intervention group (19 classes, 732 participants) and a control group (24 classes, 881 participants). One-year peer education was performed in the intervention group, and the control group had no interventions. The Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents by Yueqin Hu and a self-designed basic information questionnaire were used to collect data. Chi-square test and rank-sum test were used to compare the differences of demographic characteristics between the two groups. A linear mixed model was used to compare the changes of resilience between the two groups after intervention, and the intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to verify the effect of peer education on adolescent resilience. The significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS After intervention, compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significant improvement in target focus, emotion adjustment, interpersonal assistance and total resilience (P < 0.05). The ICC range was 0.003 to 0.034. The GLMM results indicated that peer education based on adolescent health education had significant effects on adolescents' target focus (β = 0.893, P = 0.002), emotional adjustment (β = 1.766, P < 0.001), interpersonal assistance (β = 1.722, P = 0.016) and total mental resilience (β = 5.391, P < 0.001), and the effect was greater for boys than for girls. CONCLUSIONS Peer education based on adolescent health education is effective for improving adolescents' target focus, emotional adjustment, interpersonal assistance, and total resilience, especially for males. Future research should devote more attention to positive cognition and family support as well as gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshuang Tang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Diao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Jin
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Pu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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Anderson JR, Killian M, Hughes JL, Rush AJ, Trivedi MH. The Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire: Validation of a Shortened Version in U.S. Youths. Front Psychol 2020; 11:606373. [PMID: 33329281 PMCID: PMC7728789 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.606373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Resilience is a factor in how youth respond to adversity. The 88-item Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire is a comprehensive, multi-dimensional self-report measure of resilience developed with Australian youth. Methods Using a cross-sectional adolescent population (n = 3,222), confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to replicate the original factor structure. Over half of the adolescents were non-white and 9th graders with a mean age of 15.5. Results Our exploratory factor analysis shortened the measure for which we conducted the psychometric analyses. The original factor structure was not replicated. The exploratory factor analysis provided a 49-item measure. Internal consistency reliability for all 12 factors ranged from acceptable (α> 0.70–0.80). The revised factor total scores were highly and significantly correlated with item–total correlation coefficients (r > 0.63, p < 0.001). Conclusion This revised shorter 49-item version of the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire could be deployed and has acceptable psychometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Michael Killian
- College of Social Work, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer L Hughes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - A John Rush
- Duke National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Psychiatry, Duke Medical School, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech Health Science Center, Midland, TX, United States
| | - Madhukar H Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Chandra Sekaran V, Bailey A, Kamath VG, Ashok L, Kamath A. 'This is the place where I can be alone, no tension:' Photovoice evidence for adolescent perceptions of their microsystem and psychological adjustment. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 51:102021. [PMID: 32315964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents experience myriad emotions which occur in relation to their immediate social space which may shape their perceptions of members within the microsystem. The photovoice method uniquely provides participants with the means to capture their life through the lens of a camera while also enabling them to express emotions and meanings they attach to their particular life situations. We explore the various emotions adolescents attach to the spaces they occupy and how they link them to socialization in the context of the microsystem. This study was conducted in rural and urban areas of Udupi taluk, southern India. A total of 21 participants, ranging from early to late adolescence participated and provided multiple forms of data with 112 photographs, 21 journals on their daily interactions and one-on-one interviews facilitated using the SHOWeD model. The analytical method involved compiling visual data from photographs, journal content and interview data pertaining to each participant as a single data file, developing codes using ATLAS.ti, version 8, and further developing sub-themes and themes as they emerged into narratives. Our study was able to elicit emotions and meanings that adolescents attached to social interactions with gendered nuances specific to the Indian cultural setting. Future applications of the photovoice methodology on research among adolescents have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varalakshmi Chandra Sekaran
- Department of Community Medicine, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Transdisciplinary Center for Qualitative Methods, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ajay Bailey
- International Development Studies, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Transdisciplinary Center for Qualitative Methods, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| | - Veena Ganesh Kamath
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Lena Ashok
- MSW Program, Department of Global Health, PSPH, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Asha Kamath
- Department of Data Science, PSPH, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Wasil AR, Park SJ, Gillespie S, Shingleton R, Shinde S, Natu S, Weisz JR, Hollon SD, DeRubeis RJ. Harnessing single-session interventions to improve adolescent mental health and well-being in India: Development, adaptation, and pilot testing of online single-session interventions in Indian secondary schools. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 50:101980. [PMID: 32146337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many evidence-based prevention and intervention approaches for youth mental health exist, but most are time-consuming and expensive to deliver. Innovative approaches are needed to develop and disseminate scalable mental health interventions, especially for youth in low- and middle-income countries. Computerized single-session interventions (SSIs) may be able to overcome many of these implementation barriers, especially if deployed in school settings. METHODS Guided by this logic, we designed three computerized SSIs (based on behavioral activation, gratitude, and growth mindset exercises) for delivery in Indian high schools. Then, we conducted focus groups with Indian adolescents and school officials to inform adaptations of the interventions. Finally, we designed a Hybrid Type 1 effectiveness-implementation study to evaluate the interventions. RESULTS In this paper, we present the rationale for selecting the interventions, the results of the focus groups, and the design of a Hybrid Type 1 effectiveness-implementation study. Our initial focus group data showed that the interventions were considered acceptable, feasible, and appropriate by both educators and students. We also describe feedback on the interventions which we incorporated to refine the interventions prior to our randomized controlled trial. DISCUSSION Computerized SSIs may offer innovative, scalable ways to disseminate evidence-based interventions. By identifying which interventions are most acceptable and effective in this highly scalable format, we may understand which SSIs are best suited for continued development, testing, and, ultimately, widespread dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash R Wasil
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, United States.
| | - Suh Jung Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Sarah Gillespie
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, United States
| | | | | | - Sadhana Natu
- Department of Psychology, Modern College of Arts and Sciences, Pune, India
| | - John R Weisz
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, United States
| | - Steven D Hollon
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, United States
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Xiao Y, Wang Y, Chang W, Chen Y, Yu Z, Risch HA. Factors associated with psychological resilience in left-behind children in southwest China. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 46:1-5. [PMID: 31568979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Psychological resilience of Chinese left-behind children (LBC) remains under-studied. In this cross-sectional survey, we intended to analyze factors associated with resilience in a large group of LBC. One-stage random cluster sampling was used to select 2898 LBC aged between 10 and 17 years in Yunnan province of southwestern China. Face-to-face interview was used to collect relevant information from the participants. Resilience was measured by the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RSCA). Multivariate logistic regression models revealed that having a better educated mother, feeling closer to people living in the same residence, and having more close friends were associated with higher psychological resilience in LBC. LBC who felt less close to people living in the same residence were consistently lower in all five dimensions of resilience. Compared with LBC with 2 or less close friends, LBC with more close friends had significantly greater resilience in goal concentration, family support, and interpersonal assistance. Higher mother's education level was related to higher resilience in emotion regulation, family support, and interpersonal assistance. Our findings suggest that dimension-specific intervention measures should be developed and implemented to improve psychological resilience of LBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Yeying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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