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Guidotti S, Fiduccia A, Pruneti C. Introversion, Alexithymia, and Hostility: A Path Analysis From Personality to Suicidal Ideation Among University Students. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241247526. [PMID: 38623941 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241247526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between state (i.e., hostility) and trait (i.e., social detachment, alexithymia) psychological constructs associated with suicidal ideation among university students. METHODS A group of 190 university students was consecutively recruited in the period between September 2022 and March 2023. After a clinical interview, a series of psychological tests were administered: the Cattell's 16-Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), and the anamnestic form of the Cognitive Behavioral Assessment (CBA2.0), which contains a specific question regarding the suicidal ideation. RESULTS The analyses demonstrated that alexithymia fully mediated the relationship between a particular aspect of introversion (social detachment or low warmth) and hostility which, in turn, seemed to be a significant predictor of suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS The path analysis conducted seemed to highlight the importance of personality traits, such as social detachment and the ability to recognize and express one's internal states, on the mental health of university students in terms of hostility and suicidal ideation. Considering that the reduction of suicide mortality has been prioritized as a global target in the 15-19 age group, identifying the psychological factors associated with it is fundamental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Guidotti
- Clinical Psychology, Clinical Psychophysiology, and Clinical Neuropsychology Labs, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Fiduccia
- Clinical Psychology, Clinical Psychophysiology, and Clinical Neuropsychology Labs, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Pruneti
- Clinical Psychology, Clinical Psychophysiology, and Clinical Neuropsychology Labs, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Jidong DE, Ike TJ, Husain N, Francis C, Husain MO, Mwankon SB, Murshed M, Jidong JE, Jack DB, Nyam PP, Bassett P, Pwajok JY, Taru MY, Nwoga CN. Perspectives on Self-Harm and Suicidal Ideation in Nigeria: A Mixed-Methods Study of Patients, Family Caregivers, Clinicians, and the Public. Arch Suicide Res 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38363148 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2024.2314520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide and self-harm are global disease burden that contributes significantly to years of lost life and mortality. Despite the increasing rates of suicide and self-harm in Nigeria, this topic is understudied. METHODS A mixed-methods design was adopted. Study 1 interviewed n = 18 participants (n = 11 clinicians; n = 5 patients with a history of self-harm and suicide ideation; and n = 2 caregivers). All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using IPA. Study 2 surveyed n = 562 non-clinical sample about their tolerance toward self-harm and the data was analyzed using One-way ANOVA in SPSS. RESULTS Study 1 qualitative findings showed substance use, perceived rejection and social isolation were considered predisposing factors for suicide and self-harm. Cultural and religious beliefs shaped help-seeking behaviours. Although Study 2 found no significant differences in demographic characteristics concerning public tolerance toward persons with a history of self-harm, 64% believed that individuals who died by suicide would face punishment after death; 51% believed that victims of attempted suicide are a source of shame to their families; and 33.8% agreed that dying by suicide is the correct behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Patients with a history of self-harm and suicidal ideation consider family members and close friends as valuable sources of support. Due to the potential clinical implication of cultural and religious beliefs, as shown in the present study's findings, the authors recommend a co-development of culturally appropriate psychological intervention for persons with a history of self-harm and suicidal ideation to be tested in randomized control trials.
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Mannix D, Holleran L, Cevikel P, McMorrow C, Nerney D, Phelan S, McDonald C, Hallahan B. A comparison of rate and methods of probable suicide for 2 years pre and post the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ir J Psychol Med 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38229585 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2023.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine and compare rates and methods of probable suicide in a Western region of Ireland during a 24 month period since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with a similar period immediately prior to the pandemic onset. METHODS Post-mortem reports between March 1st 2018 and February 29th 2020 were reviewed and compared with data from March 1st 2020 to February 28th 2022. Relevant demographic data, rates and methods of probable suicide and lifetime engagement with mental health services were compared across the two time points. RESULTS Identical rates of probable suicide (85 individuals at both time points) were demonstrated with no difference evident in the utilisation of violent compared to non-violent methods. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that despite previous reports of increased rates of self-harm and some evidence of increased mental distress since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, no change in rates of or methods employed by individuals who died by probable suicide were evident in this geographical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mannix
- Galway-Roscommon Mental Health Services, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - L Holleran
- Galway-Roscommon Mental Health Services, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - P Cevikel
- Galway-Roscommon Mental Health Services, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - C McMorrow
- Department of Pathology, University College hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - D Nerney
- Department of Pathology, University College hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - S Phelan
- Department of Pathology, University College hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - C McDonald
- Galway-Roscommon Mental Health Services, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - B Hallahan
- Galway-Roscommon Mental Health Services, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Yahalomi T, Pikkel YS, Arnon R, Kinori M, Wood K, Pikkel J. Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Outbreak during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:122. [PMID: 38256383 PMCID: PMC10818957 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aims to investigate the potential association between the COVID-19 pandemic and a new presentation of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted, comparing the incidence of new-onset CSCR cases among ophthalmology patients in a regional medical facility in southern Israel between two distinct periods: the COVID-19 pandemic era in Israel, which occurred from 27 February 2020 to 20 December 2020, and the non-pandemic period from calendar years 2018 to 2021, excluding the specific epidemic phase mentioned. Disease severity was evaluated based on recovery time, visual acuity loss, and central macular thickness via OCT. Results: Over the four-year period, 35 new cases of CSCR were recorded. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 17 new cases (0.005% per population) were identified, compared with 18 new cases (0.002% per population) in the preceding three years. The odds ratio for acute CSCR during the pandemic was 2.83 (95% CI, 1.46-5.50) with a p-value of 0.02. CSCR cases during the pandemic seemed to exhibit worse clinical characteristics, though not statistically significant. Additionally, 22.2% of the COVID-19 pandemic group had confirmed COVID-19 cases, which was statistically significantly higher than the general population's reported cases (6%). Conclusion: The study revealed a statistically significant increase of over 2.5 times in acute CSCR incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with non-pandemic periods. The findings suggest that the pandemic's stressful changes may have unintended consequences on the occurrence of CSCR, highlighting the importance of mental health support and psychoeducation for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Yahalomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samson Assuta Ashdod Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 8410501, Israel; (R.A.); (M.K.); (K.W.); (J.P.)
| | - Yael Sara Pikkel
- Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
| | - Roee Arnon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samson Assuta Ashdod Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 8410501, Israel; (R.A.); (M.K.); (K.W.); (J.P.)
| | - Michael Kinori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samson Assuta Ashdod Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 8410501, Israel; (R.A.); (M.K.); (K.W.); (J.P.)
| | - Keren Wood
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samson Assuta Ashdod Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 8410501, Israel; (R.A.); (M.K.); (K.W.); (J.P.)
| | - Joseph Pikkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samson Assuta Ashdod Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 8410501, Israel; (R.A.); (M.K.); (K.W.); (J.P.)
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O'Malley A, McIntyre A, McGilloway A, Doherty A, Hallahan B. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on presentations of self-harm over an 18-month period to a tertiary hospital. Ir J Psychol Med 2023; 40:418-423. [PMID: 36794350 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2023.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine and compare rates and methods of self-harm presenting to a tertiary referral hospital during an 18-month period since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic with a similar period immediately prior to the pandemic onset. METHODS Data from an anonymized database compared rates of self-harm presentations and methods employed between 1st March 2020 and 31st August 2021 to a similar time-frame prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS A 9.1% increase in presentations with self-harm was noted since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Periods of more stringent restrictions were associated with higher levels of self-harm (daily rate of 2.10 v 0.77). A higher lethality of attempt was demonstrated post-COVID-19 onset (χ2 = 15.38, p < 0.001). Fewer individuals presenting with self-harm were diagnosed with an adjustment disorder since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 84, 11.1%, v. n = 112, 16.2%, χ2 = 7.898, p = 0.005), with no other differences pertaining to psychiatric diagnosis noted. More patients actively engaged with mental health services (MHS) presented with self-harm (n = 239 (31.7%) v. n = 137, (19.8%), χ2 = 40.798, p ≤ 0.001) since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Despite an initial reduction, an increase in rates of self-harm has occurred since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic with higher rates evident during periods of higher government mandated restrictions. An increase in active patients of MHS presenting with self-harm potentially relates to reduced availability of supports and particularly group activities. The recommencement of group therapeutic interventions for individuals attending MHS in particular is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O'Malley
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - A McIntyre
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - A McGilloway
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - A Doherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Mater Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Hallahan
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Galway-Roscommon Mental Health Services, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Hosen MZ. The impacts of COVID-19 lockdown and post-lockdown on homicide and rape in Bangladesh: A dynamic time series analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20061. [PMID: 37809462 PMCID: PMC10559820 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There are studies on crime trend changes during the pandemic lockdown, but very few on homicide and rape instances afterward. This study investigates how lockdown and post-lockdown pandemic situations affect homicide and rape cases in Bangladesh. Initially, the investigation checked the bidirectional Granger cause between COVID-19 and the trend of crimes (homicide and rape). The study found a unidirectional Granger cause of COVID-19 in crime trend changes. Further, the study used the ordinary least square (OLS) approach to a dynamic model to produce unbiased, consistent, and efficient conclusions for future policy implications. Compared to the crime rates during normal (pre-pandemic) times, this study found that homicides increased substantially (9.5%) during the lockdown and declined marginally (3.0%) afterward. The rate of rapes dropped considerably (34.3%) during the lockdown, but it rebounded significantly (13.9%) during the post-lockdown pandemic period. This study suggests further investigations of the causes of increased rape cases during the post-lockdown pandemic period in the country.
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Mahesar RA, Shaikh S, Latif M, Azeema N, Solangi A, Abro SY. Analysis of Newspaper Reporting of Non-fatal Suicide Attempts During the Covid-19 Lockdown in Pakistan. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231172342. [PMID: 37080193 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231172342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study was aimed to observe newspaper reports about non-fatal suicide attempts in Pakistan during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: We performed content analysis of news reports about incomplete suicides from four vernacular newspapers of Pakistan between March and August 2020. Results: A total of 87 news reports about suicide attempts were examined; the vast majority of the suicide attempters was Muslims (78%), males (64%), females (36%) with (33%) mentions of age, ranging from 19-30 years, and married were (76%). However, occupation was largely missing from (93%) of the news. Self-poisoning was the commonly reported method in (65%) of suicide attempts, whereas familial discord was the leading risk factor for (72%) of suicide attempts. Conclusions: Although psychological intervention is crucial to reduce familial discords as risk factors, monitoring the mental health conditions of people vulnerable to suicide and the figures on attempted suicides should be maintained and collected nationally and regionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameez Ali Mahesar
- Department of Media and Communication Studies, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Shaikh
- Benazir School of Business, Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Latif
- Department of Education, GC Women University, Sialkoat, Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Azeema
- Department of Mass Communication, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Solangi
- Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaila Yaseen Abro
- Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Pakistan
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
The suicide rate has increased during the pandemic in India. Moreover, several studies, especially press-media reporting suicide studies have been conducted but no systematic review has been attempted in this context. Therefore, the present study systematically investigated the risk factors associated with suicidal behaviors, and the method of suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic in India.
Methods
Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was performed to include papers published up until September 30, 2022. From an initial 144 papers, 18 studies which met the inclusion criteria were included in the present review. The Pierson’s method was used for quality assessment of the included studies in the present review.
Results
The risk factors associated with suicide comprised: (i) socio-demographic factors (e.g., being aged between 31 and 50 years, male, married, unemployed), (ii) behavior and health-related factors (e.g., unavailability of alcohol and alcohol withdrawal symptoms, poor state of physical health and health issues, family disputes, relationship complexities, and sexual harassment), (iii) COVID-19-related factors (e.g., fear of COVID-19, COVID-19 test results, quarantine or isolation, financial hardship due to the pandemic, having influenza-like symptoms, experiencing stigmatization and ostracism despite testing negative, separation from family due to transport restrictions, misinterpreting other illness symptoms as COVID-19, saving the village from infection, watching COVID-19 videos on social media, online schooling, perceived stigma toward COVID-19, and being suspected of having COVID-19), and (iv) psychopathological stressors (depression, loneliness, stress, TikTok addiction, and poor mental health, suicidal tendencies, helplessness, and worrying). Hanging was the most common method of suicide. In addition, jumping from high buildings, poisoning, drowning, burning, cutting or slitting throat or wrists, self-immolation, medication overdose, electrocution, pesticide, and gun-shot were also used to carry out the suicide.
Conclusions
Findings from this research suggest multiple reasons for suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic and knowledge of such factors could aid in developing suicide prevention strategies focusing the most vulnerable cohorts inside and outside India.
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Wu J, Yang H, Qin Y, Wu J, Yan H, Xu Y, Sun X, Zhang L, Liu X. Change of daily life and depression among adults under stringent lockdown restrictions during COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai, China. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 79:103327. [PMID: 36410280 PMCID: PMC9651937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- School of Nursing, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongyang Yang
- President's Office, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Hospital Development Strategy, China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuchen Qin
- College of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiali Wu
- College of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongli Yan
- School of Nursing, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- College of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lulu Zhang
- College of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Fakhari A, Doshmangir L, Farahbakhsh M, Shalchi B, Shafiee-Kandjani AR, Alikhah F, Eslami Z, Esmaeili ED, Azizi H. Developing inpatient suicide prevention strategies in medical settings: Integrating literature review with expert testimony. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 78:103266. [PMID: 36244295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE According to some recent evidence, suicide rate is higher in inpatients than in the general population around the world. However, suicide prevention strategies (SPS) are poorly focused and understood in medical settings. This study aimed to develop effective SPS and interventions in medical settings of Iran and provide evaluation checklists/procedures for them. METHODS The study was performed in two steps, including literature review and expert opinions panel. In the first stage, we conducted a comprehensive literature review to find relevant suicide prevention programs, strategies, interventions, or any efforts to prevent suicide in the medical settings. In the second stage, an expert panel was arranged for developing effective and feasible SPS in medical settings. Data were analyzed through content analysis approach. RESULTS Overall, 11 records were included in the literature review. SPS varied from staff training, safety plan and quality improvements, and prevention programs to therapy methods. Finally, in the second stage, the following seven major SPS were recommended by the expert panel: 1) Integration and application of obtained suicidal behavior data through evaluating medical records, 2) Screening and suicide risk assessment, 3) Staff training, 4) Quality improvement, 5) Follow-up of inpatients with high-risk behaviors, 6) Reducing stigma and improving public awareness, and 7) Follow-up of discharged high-risk inpatients. Also, 23 interventions within the strategies were presented. CONCLUSION Given that SPS are poorly focused in medical settings, the practical framework that emerged in this study could be used to develop or advance SPS in various medical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fakhari
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Leila Doshmangir
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Department of Health Policy& Management, School of Management & Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Farahbakhsh
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Behzad Shalchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ali Reza Shafiee-Kandjani
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Alikhah
- Treatment Vice Chancellor, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Zahra Eslami
- Treatment Vice Chancellor, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Hosein Azizi
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Research Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Digital determinants of public mental health and wellbeing in Shanghai during the 2022 lockdown. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 76:103155. [PMID: 35537925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Mamun MA, Griffiths MD. Using media reports about suicide as data: Response to Etchells et al. (2021). Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:3106-3112. [PMID: 34897690 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Barberis N, Cannavò M, Cuzzocrea F, Verrastro V. Suicidal Behaviours During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Review. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2022; 19:84-96. [PMID: 35601250 PMCID: PMC9112993 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective Novel COVID-19 disease has become a major concern worldwide, and a recent line of research warned that the context of the COVID-19 pandemic may be a major risk factor for developing severe suicidal behaviors. A broad systematic review is needed to cover the studies that have already assessed the potential underlying factors for suicidal behaviors in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak. Method A total of 52 studies met the inclusion criteria, and data were then described according to the subsequent categories: (1) countries where the studies were carried out; (2) factors impacting suicidal behaviors during the COVID-19 outbreak; and (3) examination of the observed populations. Results Findings of the current systematic review suggest that there is a certain amount of heterogeneity in factors impacting suicidal behaviors during the COVID-19 outbreak, with economic downturn, psychiatric vulnerability, isolation and quarantine, health concerns, and relational difficulties being the most prominent reasons for developing suicidal behaviors during the COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusions Timely interventions are needed to prevent suicidal behaviors in both the clinical and general populations, and in this regard, the creation of standard procedures may speed up the process.
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Kaggwa MM, Arinaitwe I, Muwanguzi M, Nduhuura E, Kajjimu J, Kule M, Najjuka SM, Nkola R, Ajuna N, Wamala NK, Machacha I, Mamun MA, Ho CSH, Griffiths MD, Rukundo GZ. Suicidal behaviours among Ugandan university students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:234. [PMID: 35365105 PMCID: PMC8972906 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide remains the leading cause of death among university students often resulting from multiple physical and psychological challenges. Moreover, suicidal behaviours among students appear to have increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic according to some studies. OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence and associated factors for suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts among university students in Uganda. METHODS Cross-sectional study data were collected from May to September 2021 from 540 undergraduate university students in south-western Uganda (363 males, mean age 23.3 years). Questions from the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used to assess suicidal ideation, while other bespoke questions were used to assess suicide plans and attempts. The survey also investigated the suicide attempt/plan method, location of the suicidal activity, and reason for not enacting the suicide plan. Three independent regression analyses were used to determine the factors associated with different forms of suicidal behaviours. RESULTS The prevalence of past-year suicidal behaviours was 31.85% for suicidal ideation, 8.15% for suicide plans, and 6.11% for suicide attempts. Having a chronic physical medical condition increased the likelihood of having all forms of suicidal behaviours. Suicidal ideation was associated with having difficulty paying university tuition fees. However, being in the fifth year of university education, and feeling satisfied with current academic grades reduced the likelihood of suicidal ideation. Individuals feeling satisfied with academic performance appeared to be a protective factor against having suicide plans. Suicide attempts were associated with having a history of sexual abuse and having difficulty paying university tuition fees. The most common method used for attempted suicide was a drug overdose, and the most common location for attempted suicide was their homes. CONCLUSION University students have prevalent suicide behaviours especially among students with a chronic physical medical condition, a history of sexual abuse, and problems paying university tuition fees. Based on the present study, for students at risk, universities should provide appropriate interventions such as life skills education and suicide prevention techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda ,African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, 379, Uganda
| | - Innocent Arinaitwe
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda.
| | - Moses Muwanguzi
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda
| | - Elicana Nduhuura
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda
| | - Jonathan Kajjimu
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda
| | - Moses Kule
- grid.459749.20000 0000 9352 6415Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, 40, Uganda
| | - Sarah Maria Najjuka
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, 7072, Uganda
| | - Rahel Nkola
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda ,African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, 379, Uganda
| | - Noble Ajuna
- grid.448548.10000 0004 0466 5982Department of Nursing, Bishop Stuart University, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Nicholas Kisaakye Wamala
- grid.440478.b0000 0004 0648 1247Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University – western Campus, Kampala, 20000, Uganda
| | - Ivan Machacha
- grid.449527.90000 0004 0534 1218School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, 364, Uganda
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka 1342 Bangladesh ,grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342 Bangladesh ,grid.442989.a0000 0001 2226 6721Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Cyrus Su-Hui Ho
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119007 Singapore
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- grid.12361.370000 0001 0727 0669Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ UK
| | - Godfrey Zari Rukundo
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda ,African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, 379, Uganda
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15
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Menon V, Cherian AV, Vijayakumar L. Rising incidence and changing demographics of suicide in India: Time to recalibrate prevention policies? Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 69:102983. [PMID: 34974320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Menon
- Dept of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605006, India.
| | - Anish V Cherian
- Dept of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Lakshmi Vijayakumar
- Founder SNEHA, Chennai 600028, India; Dept of Psychiatry, Voluntary Health Services, Chennai 600113, India; University of Melbourne, Australia; University of Griffith, Australia
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16
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Shoib S, Gaitán Buitrago JET, Shuja KH, Aqeel M, de Filippis R, Abbas J, Ullah I, Arafat SMY. Suicidal behavior sociocultural factors in developing countries during COVID-19. L'ENCEPHALE 2022; 48:78-82. [PMID: 34654566 PMCID: PMC8457957 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sociocultural factors in the aftermath of any pandemic can play a role in increasing suicidal behavior like suicidal ideation, suicidal attempts, or suicide. The authors discuss the risk and predisposing factors for suicidal ideation among mental health patients in four developing countries (Bangladesh, Colombia, India and Pakistan), this aims to grasp the heterogeneity of these motivators and to elaborate specific interventions regarding suicide in the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We searched PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar through March, 2021 for articles using a combination of the keywords and generic terms for suicide, suicide ideation, COVID-19, developing countries, low-middle-income countries, Sociocultural factors, Suicidal behavior, predisposing factors and predictive factors, for articles in English language only, and without publication time restriction. RESULTS This narrative review summarizes the sociocultural risk and predisposing factors for suicidal behavior in developing countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings reveal those factors such as fear of being infected, growing economic pressure, lack of resources due to lockdown are mostly responsible in the four countries for the current increase in suicides. There are a few cultural differences that are specified in the narrative. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic is a public health challenge, in which prevention and intervention of suicidal behavior have been suboptimal, especially in low-middle-income countries. Based on literature results, we provide practical suggestions (e.g., reducing infodemic, specialized helplines, improving mental health services availability) in order to tackle main challenges of suicide prevention, such as lack of adequate manpower, fragile health system and poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shoib
- Psychiatric Department, Jawar Lal Nehru Memorial Hospital, Rainawari Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir 190003, India
| | | | - K H Shuja
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Aqeel
- Faculty Member, Foundation University, Department of Psychology, Defense Avenue, Phase-I, DHA, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - R de Filippis
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - J Abbas
- Antai College of Economics and Management (ACM), School of Media and Communication (SMC), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - I Ullah
- Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - S M Y Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka 1340, Bangladesh
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17
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Singh R, Mahato S, Basnet P, Bista K, Karki R, Arafat SMY. Effect of COVID-19 related national lockdown on suicide in Nepal: A comparative analysis of suicidal reports of major national newspaper. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 64:102776. [PMID: 34298486 PMCID: PMC9760293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Singh
- Independent Mental Health Researcher, Kathmandu, Nepal; Visiting Faculty, Department of Public Health, KIST Medical College, Lalitpur, Nepal.
| | - Sharika Mahato
- Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Department, TLMN Anandban Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Pragyan Basnet
- School of Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Kalendra Bista
- School of Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Ritika Karki
- School of Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, 1340, Bangladesh
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Tandon
- Department of Psychiatry, WMU Homer Stryker School of Medicine, 1,000 Oakland Drive, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA.
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