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Iglesias DPP, da-Silva WR, de-França GM, Barros CCDS, Freitas RDA, Galvão HC. Biological marker for the establishment of periodontal disease: cross-sectional study in the gingival tissue. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 28:217-223. [PMID: 36495419 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-022-01131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated the expression of COX-2, EMMPRIN, HIF-1α, and GLUT-1 in the gingival tissue to verify if there is a correlation between the immunoexpression of these proteins and the changes caused by the inflamed infiltrate present in the gingival tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS A morphological analysis of epithelial changes (hyperplasia, exocytosis, spongiosis, and hydropic degeneration) was performed, as well as a semiquantitative analysis of the immunoexpression of COX-2, EMMPRIN, HIF-1α, and GLUT-1 in the epithelium and connective tissue of 60 specimens of gingival tissue. RESULTS Epithelial immunoexpression to COX-2 was observed in three cases, while EMMPRIN, HIF-1α, and GLUT-1 were strongly expressed in the basal layer of the epithelium and gradually decreased until the upper layers. In the connective tissue, COX-2 immunoexpression showed a statistically significant association (p < 0.001) with the gingival inflammatory infiltrate. In connective tissue, EMMPRIN and HIF-1α exhibited intense immunopositivity, while GLUT-1 was negative in most cases. CONCLUSION COX-2 expression may constitute a biological marker of gingival tissues since its epithelial immunoexpression may indicate a greater propensity for the establishment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weslay-Rodrigues da-Silva
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Real Hospital Português (RHP), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Glória-Maria de-França
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | - Caio-César-da-Silva Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | - Roseana-de-Almeida Freitas
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | - Hébel-Cavalcanti Galvão
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
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2
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Kim SJ, Lee SH, Quang BD, Tran TT, Kim YG, Ko J, Choi WY, Lee SY, Ryu JH. Avenanthramide-C Shows Potential to Alleviate Gingival Inflammation and Alveolar Bone Loss in Experimental Periodontitis. Mol Cells 2023; 46:627-636. [PMID: 37641936 PMCID: PMC10590710 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to the gradual destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth including gums, periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone, and root cementum. Recently, interests in alleviating symptoms of periodontitis (PD) using natural compounds is increasing. Avenanthramide-C (Avn-C) is a polyphenol found only in oats. It is known to exhibit various biological properties. To date, the effect of Avn-C on PD pathogenesis has not been confirmed. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the protective effects of Avn-C on periodontal inflammation and subsequent alveolar bone erosion in vitro and in vivo. Upregulated expression of catabolic factors, such as matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), MMP3, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and COX2 induced by lipopolysaccharide and proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), was dramatically decreased by Avn-C treatment in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. Moreover, alveolar bone erosion in the ligature-induced PD mouse model was ameliorated by intra-gingival injection of Avn-C. Molecular mechanism studies revealed that the inhibitory effects of Avn-C on the upregulation of catabolic factors were mediated via ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and NF-κB pathway that was activated by IL-1β or p38 MAPK and JNK signaling that was activated by TNF-α, respectively. Based on this study, we recommend that Avn-C may be a new natural compound that can be applied to PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Se Hui Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Binh Do Quang
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Thanh-Tam Tran
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Young-Gwon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jun Ko
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Weon-Young Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Sun Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Je-Hwang Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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3
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Narayanan A, Söder B, Meurman J, Lundmark A, Hu YOO, Neogi U, Yucel-Lindberg T. Composition of subgingival microbiota associated with periodontitis and diagnosis of malignancy-a cross-sectional study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1172340. [PMID: 37426027 PMCID: PMC10325785 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1172340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the world's most prevalent infectious conditions, affecting between 25 and 40% of the adult population. It is a consequence of the complex interactions between periodontal pathogens and their products, which trigger the host inflammatory response, chronic inflammation, and tissue destruction. Chronic systemic low-grade inflammation is involved in numerous diseases, and it is also known that long-lasting inflammation and chronic infections predispose one to cancer. Here, we characterized and compared the subgingival microbiota associated with periodontitis and diagnosis of malignancy in a longitudinal 10-year follow-up study. The study was conducted on 50 patients with periodontitis and 40 periodontally healthy individuals. The recorded clinical oral health parameters were periodontal attachment loss (AL), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and plaque index (PI). Subgingival plaque was collected from each participant, from which DNA was extracted, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing performed. Cancer diagnoses data were collected between the years 2008-2018 from the Swedish Cancer Registry. The participants were categorized based on having cancer at the time of sample collection (CSC), having developed cancer later (DCL), and controls without any cancer. The most abundant phyla across all 90 samples were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria. At the genus level, Treponema, Fretibacterium, and Prevotella were significantly more abundant in samples of periodontitis patients compared to non-periodontitis individuals. With regard to samples of cancer patients, Corynebacterium and Streptococcus were more abundant in the CSC group; Prevotella were more abundant in the DCL group; and Rothia, Neisseria, and Capnocytophaga were more abundant in the control group. In the CSC group, we also found that the presence of periodontal inflammation, in terms of BOP, GI, and PLI, significantly correlated with species belonging to the genera Prevotella, Treponema, and Mycoplasma. Our results revealed that several subgingival genera were differentially enriched among the studied groups. These findings underscore the need for further research to fully understand the role that oral pathogens may play in the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy Narayanan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Söder
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jukka Meurman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Lundmark
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yue O. O. Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
| | - Ujjwal Neogi
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tülay Yucel-Lindberg
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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4
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Chuai Y, Dai B, Liu X, Hu M, Wang Y, Zhang H. Association of vitamin K, fibre intake and progression of periodontal attachment loss in American adults. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:303. [PMID: 37198606 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis-related attachment loss is accompanied by mucosal bleeding and inflammatory lesions. Dietary vitamin K and fibre intake are known to be correlation factors of haemostasis and anti-inflammation, respectively. OBJECTIVE To explore the association between severe periodontal attachment loss and vitamin K or fibre intake in American adults. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted including 2747 males and 2218 females in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 2009 to 2014. The number of teeth with severe periodontal attachment loss (above 5 mm attachment loss) was used as the dependent variable. The main independent variables included the intake of vitamin K and dietary fibre. The association among variables was examined using multivariable linear regression models, hierarchical regression, fitted smoothing curves, and generalized additive models. RESULTS Based on the indicators of 4965 subjects, we found that severe attachment loss tended to occur in elderly individuals or males and was accompanied by less intake of vitamin K or dietary fibre, as well as lower educational qualification. Vitamin K intake was stably negatively associated with attachment loss progression in each multivariable linear regression model. In subgroup analyses, a negative association between fibre intake and attachment loss progression was identified in all races except blacks (β = 0.0005, 95% CI: -0.0005 to 0.0016). The relationship between fibre intake and attachment loss progression was a broad U-shaped curve (inflection point: 753.4 mg), which especially manifested in males (inflection point: 967.5 mg). CONCLUSION There was an inverse association between vitamin K intake and the progression of periodontal attachment loss in American adults, while dietary fibre should be moderate in intake (below 753.4 mg), especially in males (below 967.5 mg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chuai
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Bichong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Menglin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuanyin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Hengguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Department of Dental Implantology, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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5
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Gard AL, Luu RJ, Maloney R, Cooper MH, Cain BP, Azizgolshani H, Isenberg BC, Borenstein JT, Ong J, Charest JL, Vedula EM. A high-throughput, 28-day, microfluidic model of gingival tissue inflammation and recovery. Commun Biol 2023; 6:92. [PMID: 36690695 PMCID: PMC9870913 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly half of American adults suffer from gum disease, including mild inflammation of gingival tissue, known as gingivitis. Currently, advances in therapeutic treatments are hampered by a lack of mechanistic understanding of disease progression in physiologically relevant vascularized tissues. To address this, we present a high-throughput microfluidic organ-on-chip model of human gingival tissue containing keratinocytes, fibroblast and endothelial cells. We show the triculture model exhibits physiological tissue structure, mucosal barrier formation, and protein biomarker expression and secretion over several weeks. Through inflammatory cytokine administration, we demonstrate the induction of inflammation measured by changes in barrier function and cytokine secretion. These states of inflammation are induced at various time points within a stable culture window, providing a robust platform for evaluation of therapeutic agents. These data reveal that the administration of specific small molecule inhibitors mitigates the inflammatory response and enables tissue recovery, providing an opportunity for identification of new therapeutic targets for gum disease with the potential to facilitate relevant preclinical drug efficacy and toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan Maloney
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Brian P Cain
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jane Ong
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Else M Vedula
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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6
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Steinmetz-Späh J, Liu J, Singh R, Ekoff M, Boddul S, Tang X, Bergqvist F, Idborg H, Heitel P, Rönnberg E, Merk D, Wermeling F, Haeggström JZ, Nilsson G, Steinhilber D, Larsson K, Korotkova M, Jakobsson PJ. Biosynthesis of prostaglandin 15dPGJ 2 -glutathione and 15dPGJ 2-cysteine conjugates in macrophages and mast cells via MGST3. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100310. [PMID: 36370807 PMCID: PMC9792570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) results in decreased production of proinflammatory PGE2 and can lead to shunting of PGH2 into the prostaglandin D2 (PGD2)/15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15dPGJ2) pathway. 15dPGJ2 forms Michael adducts with thiol-containing biomolecules such as GSH or cysteine residues on target proteins and is thought to promote resolution of inflammation. We aimed to elucidate the biosynthesis and metabolism of 15dPGJ2 via conjugation with GSH, to form 15dPGJ2-glutathione (15dPGJ2-GS) and 15dPGJ2-cysteine (15dPGJ2-Cys) conjugates and to characterize the effects of mPGES-1 inhibition on the PGD2/15dPGJ2 pathway in mouse and human immune cells. Our results demonstrate the formation of PGD2, 15dPGJ2, 15dPGJ2-GS, and 15dPGJ2-Cys in RAW264.7 cells after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Moreover, 15dPGJ2-Cys was found in lipopolysaccharide-activated primary murine macrophages as well as in human mast cells following stimulation of the IgE-receptor. Our results also suggest that the microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 is essential for the formation of 15dPGJ2 conjugates. In contrast to inhibition of cyclooxygenase, which leads to blockage of the PGD2/15dPGJ2 pathway, we found that inhibition of mPGES-1 preserves PGD2 and its metabolites. Collectively, this study highlights the formation of 15dPGJ2-GS and 15dPGJ2-Cys in mouse and human immune cells, the involvement of microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 in their biosynthesis, and their unchanged formation following inhibition of mPGES-1. The results encourage further research on their roles as bioactive lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Steinmetz-Späh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rajkumar Singh
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Ekoff
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanjaykumar Boddul
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiao Tang
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip Bergqvist
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Idborg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pascal Heitel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elin Rönnberg
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z. Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Nilsson
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karin Larsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Korotkova
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden,For correspondence: Per-Johan Jakobsson
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7
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Gholami L, Nazer N, Hussen BM, Sayad A, Hajiesmaeili M. Downregulation of oxytocin-related genes in periodontitis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:950919. [PMID: 36090248 PMCID: PMC9448980 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.950919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common oral disorder leading to tooth loss in both developed and developing regions of the world. This multifactorial condition is related to the abnormal activity of several molecular pathways, among them are oxytocin-related pathways. In this study, we enrolled 26 patients and 28 controls and assessed the expression of four oxytocin-related genes, namely, FOS, ITPR, RCAN1, and RGS2, in circulation and affected tissues of enrolled individuals using real-time PCR. Expression of FOS was downregulated in total periodontitis tissues compared with total control tissues [ratio of mean expression (RME) = 0.23, P-value = 0.03]. Expression of FOS was also lower in total blood samples of patients compared with total controls. Expression of ITPR was downregulated in total periodontitis tissues compared with total control tissues (RME = 0.16, P-value = 0.01). Moreover, the expression of ITPR was reduced in total blood samples of patients compared with controls (RME = 0.25, P-value = 0.03). Expression of RCAN1 was downregulated in total periodontitis tissues compared with total control tissues (RME = 0.17, P-value = 0.01). However, the expression of RCAN1 was not different in blood samples of affected vs. unaffected individuals. Finally, the expression of RGS2 was lower in total periodontitis tissues compared with total control tissues (RME = 0.24, P-value = 0.01) and in total blood samples of affected individuals compared with controls (RME = 0.42, P-value = 0.05). This study provides data about the association between expressions of oxytocin-related genes and the presence of periodontitis. Future studies are needed to unravel the mechanistic links and find the correlation between expressions of these genes and the pathological stage of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Gholami
- Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Naghme Nazer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
- Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute for Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Arezou Sayad,
| | - Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili
- Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Loghman Hakin Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili,
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8
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Satala D, Gonzalez-Gonzalez M, Smolarz M, Surowiec M, Kulig K, Wronowska E, Zawrotniak M, Kozik A, Rapala-Kozik M, Karkowska-Kuleta J. The Role of Candida albicans Virulence Factors in the Formation of Multispecies Biofilms With Bacterial Periodontal Pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:765942. [PMID: 35071033 PMCID: PMC8766842 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.765942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease depends on the presence of different microorganisms in the oral cavity that during the colonization of periodontal tissues form a multispecies biofilm community, thus allowing them to survive under adverse conditions or facilitate further colonization of host tissues. Not only numerous bacterial species participate in the development of biofilm complex structure but also fungi, especially Candida albicans, that often commensally inhabits the oral cavity. C. albicans employs an extensive armory of various virulence factors supporting its coexistence with bacteria resulting in successful host colonization and propagation of infection. In this article, we highlight various aspects of individual fungal virulence factors that may facilitate the collaboration with the associated bacterial representatives of the early colonizers of the oral cavity, the bridging species, and the late colonizers directly involved in the development of periodontitis, including the “red complex” species. In particular, we discuss the involvement of candidal cell surface proteins—typical fungal adhesins as well as originally cytosolic “moonlighting” proteins that perform a new function on the cell surface and are also present within the biofilm structures. Another group of virulence factors considered includes secreted aspartic proteases (Sap) and other secreted hydrolytic enzymes. The specific structure of the candidal cell wall, dynamically changing during morphological transitions of the fungus that favor the biofilm formation, is equally important and discussed. The non-protein biofilm-composing factors also show dynamic variability upon the contact with bacteria, and their biosynthesis processes could be involved in the stability of mixed biofilms. Biofilm-associated changes in the microbe communication system using different quorum sensing molecules of both fungal and bacterial cells are also emphasized in this review. All discussed virulence factors involved in the formation of mixed biofilm pose new challenges and influence the successful design of new diagnostic methods and the application of appropriate therapies in periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Satala
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Miriam Gonzalez-Gonzalez
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.,Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Smolarz
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Surowiec
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamila Kulig
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wronowska
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Zawrotniak
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kozik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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9
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Zhang YY, Yao YD, Luo JF, Liu ZQ, Huang YM, Wu FC, Sun QH, Liu JX, Zhou H. Microsomal prostaglandin E 2 synthase-1 and its inhibitors: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic significance. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:105977. [PMID: 34798265 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is closely linked to the abnormal phospholipid metabolism chain of cyclooxygenase-2/microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1/prostaglandin E2 (COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2). In clinical practice, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as upstream COX-2 enzyme activity inhibitors are widely used to block COX-2 cascade to relieve inflammatory response. However, NSAIDs could also cause cardiovascular and gastrointestinal side effects due to its inhibition on other prostaglandins generation. To avoid this, targeting downstream mPGES-1 instead of upstream COX is preferable to selectively block overexpressed PGE2 in inflammatory diseases. Some mPGES-1 inhibitor candidates including synthetic compounds, natural products and existing anti-inflammatory drugs have been proved to be effective in in vitro experiments. After 20 years of in-depth research on mPGES-1 and its inhibitors, ISC 27864 have completed phase II clinical trial. In this review, we intend to summarize mPGES-1 inhibitors focused on their inhibitory specificity with perspectives for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yu Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Yun-Da Yao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Jin-Fang Luo
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510006, PR China
| | - Yu-Ming Huang
- Hunan Zhengqing Pharmaceutical Company Group Ltd, Huaihua City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Fei-Chi Wu
- Hunan Zhengqing Pharmaceutical Company Group Ltd, Huaihua City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Qin-Hua Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua City, Hunan Province 418000, PR China.
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310053, PR China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510006, PR China; Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province 519000, PR China.
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10
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Yu N, Rakian A, Dean A, Van Dyke TE. Specialized Proresolving Mediators Facilitate the Immunomodulation of the Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.701197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations into the regulation of the inflammation in the periodontitis have revealed that chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis are characterized by an imbalance in the proinflammatory and proresolution mediators and can be characterized by a failure of the resolution pathways in the late stages of the acute inflammatory response. The proresolution mediators, termed as specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), comprise the lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins that are derived from the arachidonic acid or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. In the animal studies, treatment of the periodontitis with the topical SPMs return the inflammatory lesion to the homeostasis with the regeneration of all the components of the periodontal organ lost to the disease. In this article, the study investigates the immunomodulatory role of SPMs in the periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Primary porcine PDLSCs (pPDLSCs) were stimulated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in vitro to simulate the periodontal inflammation in the presence or absence of SPMs. This study found that IL-1β and IL-17 synergistically activated the proinflammatory genes of pPDLSCs and altered the immune phenotype of pPDLSCs including the key signaling pathways. Addition of SPMs rescued the pPDLSCs phenotype and induced further production of the additional SPMs, which was reflected by upregulation of the requisite enzymes 12- and 15-lipoxygenase by pPDLSCs. This study interrogated the immunomodulatory actions of pPDLSCs on the monocytes/macrophages, focusing on the porcine CD14/CD16/CD163 markers by using flow cytometry. This study utilized the CD14+CD16+/CD14+CD16− ratio and CD163 on the monocytes/macrophages to differentiate between a proinflammation phenotype (lower ratio) and a resolution of the inflammation phenotype (higher ratio). This study also found that the conditioned medium from pPDLSCs treated with the cytokines and Maresin1 increased the CD14+CD16+/CD14+CD16− ratio and had the highest CD163 expression. This study concludes that in an inflammatory environment, pPDLSCs become proinflammatory and exert immunomodulatory functions. Maresin 1 resolves the inflammation by acting on pPDLSCs directly and by shifting the monocytes/macrophages phenotype to the proresolution dominance.
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11
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Zhang Z, Deng M, Hao M, Tang J. Periodontal ligament stem cells in the periodontitis niche: inseparable interactions and mechanisms. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:565-576. [PMID: 34043832 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mr0421-750r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by the periodontium's pathologic destruction due to the host's overwhelmed inflammation to the dental plaque. The bacterial infections and subsequent host immune responses have shaped a distinct microenvironment, which generally affects resident periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Interestingly, recent studies have revealed that impaired PDLSCs may also contribute to the disturbance of periodontal homeostasis. The putative vicious circle underlying the interesting "positive feedback" of PDLSCs in the periodontitis niche remains a hot research topic, whereas the inseparable interactions between resident PDLSCs and the periodontitis niche are still not fully understood. This review provides a microscopic view on the periodontitis progression, especially the quick but delicate immune responses to oral dysbacterial infections. We also summarize the interesting crosstalk of the resident PDLSCs with their surrounding periodontitis niche and potential mechanisms. Particularly, the microenvironment reduces the osteogenic properties of resident PDLSCs, which are closely related to their reparative activity. Reciprocally, these impaired PDLSCs may disrupt the microenvironment by aggravating the host immune responses, promoting aberrant angiogenesis, and facilitating the osteoclastic activity. We further recommend that more in-depth studies are required to elucidate the interactions of PDLSCs with the periodontal microenvironment and provide novel interventions for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengting Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxia Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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12
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Afrin LB, Ackerley MB, Bluestein LS, Brewer JH, Brook JB, Buchanan AD, Cuni JR, Davey WP, Dempsey TT, Dorff SR, Dubravec MS, Guggenheim AG, Hindman KJ, Hoffman B, Kaufman DL, Kratzer SJ, Lee TM, Marantz MS, Maxwell AJ, McCann KK, McKee DL, Menk Otto L, Pace LA, Perkins DD, Radovsky L, Raleigh MS, Rapaport SA, Reinhold EJ, Renneker ML, Robinson WA, Roland AM, Rosenbloom ES, Rowe PC, Ruhoy IS, Saperstein DS, Schlosser DA, Schofield JR, Settle JE, Weinstock LB, Wengenroth M, Westaway M, Xi SC, Molderings GJ. Diagnosis of mast cell activation syndrome: a global "consensus-2". Diagnosis (Berl) 2021; 8:137-152. [PMID: 32324159 DOI: 10.1515/dx-2020-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The concept that disease rooted principally in chronic aberrant constitutive and reactive activation of mast cells (MCs), without the gross MC neoplasia in mastocytosis, first emerged in the 1980s, but only in the last decade has recognition of "mast cell activation syndrome" (MCAS) grown significantly. Two principal proposals for diagnostic criteria have emerged. One, originally published in 2012, is labeled by its authors as a "consensus" (re-termed here as "consensus-1"). Another sizable contingent of investigators and practitioners favor a different approach (originally published in 2011, newly termed here as "consensus-2"), resembling "consensus-1" in some respects but differing in others, leading to substantial differences between these proposals in the numbers of patients qualifying for diagnosis (and thus treatment). Overdiagnosis by "consensus-2" criteria has potential to be problematic, but underdiagnosis by "consensus-1" criteria seems the far larger problem given (1) increasing appreciation that MCAS is prevalent (up to 17% of the general population), and (2) most MCAS patients, regardless of illness duration prior to diagnosis, can eventually identify treatment yielding sustained improvement. We analyze these proposals (and others) and suggest that, until careful research provides more definitive answers, diagnosis by either proposal is valid, reasonable, and helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Linda S Bluestein
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wausau, WI, USA
| | | | - Jill B Brook
- Alaska Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | | | - Jill R Cuni
- Division of Pediatrics, Beaver Medical Group, Banning, CA, USA
| | - William P Davey
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alena G Guggenheim
- Comprehensive Pain Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Bruce Hoffman
- Hoffman Centre for Integrative and Functional Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laurie Menk Otto
- Helfgott Research Institute, National College of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Laura A Pace
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark L Renneker
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William A Robinson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Aaron M Roland
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Peter C Rowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jill R Schofield
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Janet E Settle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Martina Wengenroth
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Shijun Cindy Xi
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Johnsson AK, Choi JH, Rönnberg E, Fuchs D, Kolmert J, Hamberg M, Dahlén B, Wheelock CE, Dahlén SE, Nilsson G. Selective inhibition of prostaglandin D 2 biosynthesis in human mast cells to overcome need for multiple receptor antagonists: Biochemical consequences. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 51:594-603. [PMID: 33449404 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major mast cell prostanoid PGD2 is targeted for therapy of asthma and other diseases, because the biological actions include bronchoconstriction, vasodilation and regulation of immune cells mediated by three different receptors. It is not known if the alternative to selectively inhibit the biosynthesis of PGD2 affects release of other prostanoids in human mast cells. OBJECTIVES To determine the biochemical consequences of inhibition of the hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (hPGDS) PGD2 in human mast cells. METHODS Four human mast cell models, LAD2, cord blood derived mast cells (CBMC), peripheral blood derived mast cells (PBMC) and human lung mast cells (HLMC), were activated by anti-IgE or ionophore A23187. Prostanoids were measured by UPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS All mast cells almost exclusively released PGD2 when activated by anti-IgE or A23187. The biosynthesis was in all four cell types entirely initiated by COX-1. When pharmacologic inhibition of hPGDS abolished formation of PGD2 , PGE2 was detected and release of TXA2 increased. Conversely, when the thromboxane synthase was inhibited, levels of PGD2 increased. Adding exogenous PGH2 confirmed predominant conversion to PGD2 under control conditions, and increased levels of TXB2 and PGE2 when hPGDS was inhibited. However, PGE2 was formed by non-enzymatic degradation. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of hPGDS effectively blocks mast cell dependent PGD2 formation. The inhibition was associated with redirected use of the intermediate PGH2 and shunting into biosynthesis of TXA2 . However, the levels of TXA2 did not reach those of PGD2 in naïve cells. It remains to determine if this diversion occurs in vivo and has clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karin Johnsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeong-Hee Choi
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Rönnberg
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - David Fuchs
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Kolmert
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Hamberg
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbro Dahlén
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Asthma and Allergy Research Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Nilsson
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Wang Q, Li Y, Wu M, Huang S, Zhang A, Zhang Y, Jia Z. Targeting microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 to develop drugs treating the inflammatory diseases. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:391-419. [PMID: 33527033 PMCID: PMC7847505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1) is the terminal synthase of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which plays a crucial role in inflammatory diseases. Thus, mPGES-1 inhibitors are promising agents for their better specificity in blocking the production of PGE2, a potent inflammatory mediator, compared with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Currently, two mPGES-1 inhibitors are undergoing clinical trials and more novel inhibitors are being developed. In this review, we focus on the advances in the development of mPGES-1 inhibitors and the potential of these inhibitors to treat different inflammatory diseases, and discuss the existing challenges. The insights from this review will increase the understanding on the current status of mPGES-1-targeted anti-inflammatory drug development and the potential of these drugs in treating inflammation in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityGuangzhou Road #72, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityGuangzhou Road #72, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mengying Wu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityGuangzhou Road #72, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityGuangzhou Road #72, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityGuangzhou Road #72, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityGuangzhou Road #72, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityGuangzhou Road #72, Nanjing 210008, China
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15
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Alqahtani S, Cooper B, Spears CA, Wright C, Shannahan J. Electronic nicotine delivery system-induced alterations in oral health via saliva assessment. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1319-1325. [PMID: 32640897 PMCID: PMC7441347 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220941258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The use of traditional tobacco products is a known risk factor for the development of diseases including periodontal disease. To date, the potential oral health effects related to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use is unknown. This study collected saliva from ENDS users and never tobacco users to examine differences in the oral cavity of inflammatory cytokines and metabolites. The identification and measurement of these ENDS-related changes provide insight into disease pathways potentially associated with ENDS use. The utilization of saliva samples collected from human participates enhances the application of the findings compared to the majority of studies using cell culture and animal models. In addition, these foundational findings can inform future studies to examining specific pathways identified, interventional approaches, and application of translatable biomarkers of ENDS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Alqahtani
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- National Center for Pharmaceuticals,
Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science
and Technology, Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bruce Cooper
- Purdue Metabolite Profiling
Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Claire A Spears
- School of Public Health,
Georgia
State University, Atlanta, GA 30303,
USA
| | - Christa Wright
- School of Public Health,
Georgia
State University, Atlanta, GA 30303,
USA
| | - Jonathan Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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16
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Bülbül B, Küçükgüzel İ. Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase-1 as a New Macromolecular Drug Target in the Prevention of Inflammation and Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1205-1222. [PMID: 30827263 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190227174137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the most life-threatening diseases worldwide. Since inflammation is considered to be one of the known characteristics of cancer, the activity of PGE2 has been paired with different tumorigenic steps such as increased tumor cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, increased invasiveness, angiogenesis and immunosuppression. OBJECTIVE It has been successfully demonstrated that inhibition of mPGES-1 prevented inflammation in preclinical studies. However, despite the crucial roles of mPGEs-1 and PGE2 in tumorigenesis, there is not much in vivo study on mPGES-1 inhibition in cancer therapy. The specificity of mPGEs-1 enzyme and its low expression level under normal conditions makes it a promising drug target with a low risk of side effects. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed for writing this review. An updated view on PGE2 biosynthesis, PGES isoenzyme family and its pharmacology and the latest information about inhibitors of mPGES-1 have been discussed. RESULTS In this study, it was aimed to highlight the importance of mPGES-1 and its inhibition in inflammationrelated cancer and other inflammatory conditions. Information about PGE2 biosynthesis, its role in inflammationrelated pathologies were also provided. We kept the noncancer-related inflammatory part short and tried to bring together promising molecules or scaffolds. CONCLUSION The information provided in this review might be useful to researchers in designing novel and potent mPGES-1 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahadır Bülbül
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İlkay Küçükgüzel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Lim SY, Dafydd M, Ong J, Ord-McDermott LA, Board-Davies E, Sands K, Williams D, Sloan AJ, Heard CM. Mucoadhesive thin films for the simultaneous delivery of microbicide and anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Int J Pharm 2020; 573:118860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Pullishery F, Dada A, Aboelaza M, Shalaby M. Periodontal status of 33–44-year-old male bodybuilders and its relationship with protein supplement intake: An observational comparative study. ADVANCES IN HUMAN BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_58_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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19
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Kar S, Ramamoorthy G, Sinha S, Ramanan M, Pola JK, Golakoti NR, Nanubolu JB, Sahoo SK, Dandamudi RB, Doble M. Synthesis of diarylidenecyclohexanone derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory leads against COX-2/mPGES1 and 5-LOX. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00726a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study establishes the diarylidenecyclohexanones as good anti-inflammatory pharmacophores with selective high potency against PGE2and 5-LOX without toxicity towards healthy human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayamsiddha Kar
- Department of Chemistry
- Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning
- India
| | - Gayathri Ramamoorthy
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Madras
| | - Shweta Sinha
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Madras
| | - Meera Ramanan
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Madras
| | - Jeevan Kumar Pola
- Department of Chemistry
- Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning
- India
| | | | | | - Suraj Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry
- Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning
- India
| | | | - Mukesh Doble
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab
- Department of Biotechnology
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Madras
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20
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Wu Y, Kuraji R, Taya Y, Ito H, Numabe Y. Effects of theaflavins on tissue inflammation and bone resorption on experimental periodontitis in rats. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:1009-1019. [PMID: 30159985 PMCID: PMC6221153 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Theaflavins (TFs), the major polyphenol in black tea, have the ability to reduce inflammation and bone resorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TFs on experimental periodontitis in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty rats were divided into five groups: Control (glycerol application without ligation), Ligature (glycerol application with ligation), TF1 (1 mg/mL TF application with ligation), TF10 (10 mg/mL TF application with ligation), and TF100 (100 mg/mL TF application with ligation). To induce experimental periodontitis, ligatures were placed around maxillary first molars bilaterally. After ligature placement, 100 μL glycerol or TFs were topically applied to the rats daily, and rats were euthanized 7 days after ligature placement. Micro-computed tomography was used to measure bone resorption in the left side of the maxilla, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, growth-regulated gene product/cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (Gro/Cinc-1, rat equivalent of IL-8), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (Mmp-9), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa Β ligand (Rankl), osteoprotegerin (Opg), and the Rankl/Opg ratio in gingival tissue. With tissue from the right side of the maxilla, hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for histological analysis, immunohistochemical staining for leukocyte common antigen (CD45) was used to assess inflammation, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to observe the number of osteoclasts. RESULTS The TF10 and TF100 groups, but not the TF1 group, had significant inhibition of alveolar bone loss, reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration in the periodontium, and significantly reduced numbers of CD45-positive cells and TRAP-positive osteoclasts compared with the Ligature group. Correspondingly, the TF10 and TF100 groups had significantly downregulated gene expression of IL-6, Gro/Cinc-1(IL-8), Mmp-9, and Rankl, but not of Opg. Consequently, Rankl/Opg expression was significantly increased in the Ligation group but was attenuated in the TF10 and TF100 groups. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that topical application of TFs may reduce inflammation and bone resorption in experimental periodontitis. Therefore, TFs have therapeutic potential in the treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Hsin Wu
- Department of PeriodontologyThe Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Ryutaro Kuraji
- Department of PeriodontologyThe Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Life Science DentistryThe Nippon Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yuji Taya
- Department of PathologyThe Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of PeriodontologyThe Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yukihiro Numabe
- Department of PeriodontologyThe Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at TokyoTokyoJapan
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Kats A, Gerasimcik N, Näreoja T, Nederberg J, Grenlöv S, Lagnöhed E, Desai S, Andersson G, Yucel-Lindberg T. Aminothiazoles inhibit osteoclastogenesis and PGE 2 production in LPS-stimulated co-cultures of periodontal ligament and RAW 264.7 cells, and RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in PBMCs. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1152-1163. [PMID: 30506812 PMCID: PMC6349150 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) contributes to bone resorption in several inflammatory conditions including periodontitis. The terminal enzyme, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) regulating PGE2 synthesis is a promising therapeutic target to reduce inflammatory bone loss. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of mPGES-1 inhibitors, aminothiazoles TH-848 and TH-644, on PGE2 production and osteoclastogenesis in co-cultures of periodontal ligament (PDL) and osteoclast progenitor cells RAW 264.7, stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and bone resorption in RANKL-mediated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PDL and RAW 264.7 cells were cultured separately or co-cultured and treated with LPS alone or in combination with aminothiazoles. Multinucleated cells stained positively for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were scored as osteoclast-like cells. Levels of PGE2 , osteoprotegerin (OPG) and interleukin-6, as well as mRNA expression of mPGES-1, OPG and RANKL were analysed in PDL cells. PBMCs were treated with RANKL alone or in combination with aminothiazoles. TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were analysed and bone resorption was measured by the CTX-I assay. Aminothiazoles reduced LPS-stimulated osteoclast-like cell formation both in co-cultures and in RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, aminothiazoles inhibited PGE2 production in LPS-stimulated cultures, but did not affect LPS-induced mPGES-1, OPG or RANKL mRNA expression in PDL cells. In PBMCs, inhibitors decreased both osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. In conclusion, aminothiazoles reduced the formation of osteoclast-like cells and decreased the production of PGE2 in co-cultures as well as single-cell cultures. Furthermore, these compounds inhibited RANKL-induced bone resorption and differentiation of PBMCs, suggesting these inhibitors for future treatment of inflammatory bone loss such as periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kats
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Natalija Gerasimcik
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tuomas Näreoja
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jonas Nederberg
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Simon Grenlöv
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina Lagnöhed
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Suchita Desai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tülay Yucel-Lindberg
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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22
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Gene expression profiling of periodontitis-affected gingival tissue by spatial transcriptomics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9370. [PMID: 29921943 PMCID: PMC6008462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium, leading ultimately to tooth loss. In order to characterize the gene expression of periodontitis-affected gingival tissue, we have here simultaneously quantified and localized gene expression in periodontal tissue using spatial transcriptomics, combining RNA sequencing with histological analysis. Our analyses revealed distinct clusters of gene expression, which were identified to correspond to epithelium, inflamed areas of connective tissue, and non-inflamed areas of connective tissue. Moreover, 92 genes were identified as significantly up-regulated in inflamed areas of the gingival connective tissue compared to non-inflamed tissue. Among these, immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 5 (IGLL5), signal sequence receptor subunit 4 (SSR4), marginal zone B and B1 cell specific protein (MZB1), and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) were the four most highly up-regulated genes. These genes were also verified as significantly higher expressed in gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis compared to healthy controls, using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the protein expressions of up-regulated genes were verified in gingival biopsies by immunohistochemistry. In summary, in this study, we report distinct gene expression signatures within periodontitis-affected gingival tissue, as well as specific genes that are up-regulated in inflamed areas compared to non-inflamed areas of gingival tissue. The results obtained from this study may add novel information on the genes and cell types contributing to pathogenesis of the chronic inflammatory disease periodontitis.
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23
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Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement is accompanied by inflammatory responses in the periodontal ligament. Chemical mediators such as interleukin-1β have key roles in nociception around teeth. Such nociceptive inputs to the periodontal ligament continue for several days and potentially induce plastic changes in higher brain regions, including the cerebral cortex. This review summarizes research on orthodontic treatment-induced modulation of neural activities in the central nervous system. Furthermore, we describe our recent findings on the spatiotemporal effects of orthodontic treatment in the somatosensory and insular cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Molecular Imaging Research Center, RIKEN
| | - Eri Horinuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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24
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Groeger SE, Meyle J. Epithelial barrier and oral bacterial infection. Periodontol 2000 2017; 69:46-67. [PMID: 26252401 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The oral epithelial barrier separates the host from the environment and provides the first line of defense against pathogens, exogenous substances and mechanical stress. It consists of underlying connective tissue and a stratified keratinized epithelium with a basement membrane, whose cells undergo terminal differentiation resulting in the formation of a mechanically resistant surface. Gingival keratinocytes are connected by various transmembrane proteins, such as tight junctions, adherens junctions and gap junctions, each of which has a specialized structure and specific functions. Periodontal pathogens are able to induce inflammatory responses that lead to attachment loss and periodontal destruction. A number of studies have demonstrated that the characteristics of pathogenic oral bacteria influence the expression and structural integrity of different cell-cell junctions. Tissue destruction can be mediated by host cells following stimulation with cytokines and bacterial products. Keratinocytes, the main cell type in gingival epithelial tissues, express a variety of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Furthermore, the inflammatory mediators that may be secreted by oral keratinocytes are vascular endothelial growth factor, prostaglandin E2 , interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2. The protein family of matrix metalloproteinases is able to degrade all types of extracellular matrix protein, and can process a number of bioactive molecules. Matrix metalloproteinase activities under inflammatory conditions are mostly deregulated and often increased, and those mainly relevant in periodontal disease are matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 13 and 24. Viral infection may also influence the epithelial barrier. Studies show that the expression of HIV proteins in the mucosal epithelium is correlated with the disruption of epithelial tight junctions, suggesting a possible enhancement of human papilloma virus infection by HIV-associated disruption of tight junctions. Altered expression of matrix metalloproteinases was demonstrated in keratinocytes transformed with human papilloma virus-16 or papilloma virus-18,. To summarize, the oral epithelium is able to react to a variety of exogenous, possibly noxious influences.
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25
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Kats A, Norgård M, Wondimu Z, Koro C, Concha Quezada H, Andersson G, Yucel-Lindberg T. Aminothiazoles inhibit RANKL- and LPS-mediated osteoclastogenesis and PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1128-38. [PMID: 26987561 PMCID: PMC4882984 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by chronic inflammation and osteoclast‐mediated bone loss regulated by the receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aminothiazoles targeting prostaglandin E synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) on RANKL‐ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐mediated osteoclastogenesis and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in vitro using the osteoclast precursor RAW 264.7 cells. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with RANKL or LPS alone or in combination with the aminothiazoles 4‐([4‐(2‐naphthyl)‐1,3‐thiazol‐2‐yl]amino)phenol (TH‐848) or 4‐(3‐fluoro‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐N‐(4‐phenoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐thiazol‐2‐amine (TH‐644). Aminothiazoles significantly decreased the number of multinucleated tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive osteoclast‐like cells in cultures of RANKL‐ and LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, as well as reduced the production of PGE2 in culture supernatants. LPS‐treatment induced mPGES‐1 mRNA expression at 16 hrs and the subsequent PGE2 production at 72 hrs. Conversely, RANKL did not affect PGE2 secretion but markedly reduced mPGES‐1 at mRNA level. Furthermore, mRNA expression of TRAP and cathepsin K (CTSK) was reduced by aminothiazoles in RAW 264.7 cells activated by LPS, whereas RANK, OPG or tumour necrosis factor α mRNA expression was not significantly affected. In RANKL‐activated RAW 264.7 cells, TH‐848 and TH‐644 down‐regulated CTSK but not TRAP mRNA expression. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of aminothiazoles on PGE2 production was also confirmed in LPS‐stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. In conclusion, the aminothiazoles reduced both LPS‐ and RANKL‐mediated osteoclastogenesis and PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting these compounds as potential inhibitors for treatment of chronic inflammatory bone resorption, such as periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kats
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maria Norgård
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Zenebech Wondimu
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Catalin Koro
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hernán Concha Quezada
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tülay Yucel-Lindberg
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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26
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Xiao W, Wang Y, Pacios S, Li S, Graves DT. Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Bone Remodeling. FRONTIERS OF ORAL BIOLOGY 2015; 18:9-16. [PMID: 26599113 PMCID: PMC10754210 DOI: 10.1159/000351895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a highly coordinated process responsible for bone resorption and formation. It is initiated and modulated by a number of factors including inflammation, changes in hormonal levels and lack of mechanical stimulation. Bone remodeling involves the removal of mineralized bone by osteoclasts followed by the formation of bone matrix through osteoblasts that subsequently becomes mineralized. In addition to the traditional bone cells (osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes) that are necessary for bone remodeling, several immune cells such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils, B cells and T cells have also been implicated in bone remodelling. Through the receptor activator of nuclear factor-x03BA;B/receptor activator of the NF-x03BA;B ligand/osteoprotegerin system the process of bone resorption is initiated and subsequent formation is tightly coupled. Mediators such as prostaglandins, interleukins, chemokines, leukotrienes, growth factors, wnt signalling and bone morphogenetic proteins are involved in the regulation of bone remodeling. We discuss here cells and mediators involved in the cellular and molecular machanisms of bone resorption and bone formation.
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27
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Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (METs) and periodontal diseases are emerging worldwide community health problem. These common health problems may result with significant complications and increase community health expenses. METs is defined with the presence of hypertension, increased triglyceride levels, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, abdominal obesity and elevated fasting glucose levels. The term "periodontal diseases" defines pathological inflammatory conditions of the gingiva and supporting tooth structures. In this review, basic clinical features and associations between metabolic syndrome and periodontal diseases have been underlined. In addition, basic research topics have been noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hatipoglu
- Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Dentistry/Periodontology, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - F Yaylak
- Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Kutahya, Turkey.
| | - Y Gungor
- Beypazari State Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Beypazari, Ankara, Turkey
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28
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Lisboa MRP, Gondim DV, Ervolino E, Vale ML, Frota NPR, Nunes NLT, Mariguela VC, Taba M, Messora MR, Furlaneto FAC. Effects of electroacupuncture on experimental periodontitis in rats. J Periodontol 2015; 86:801-11. [PMID: 25741581 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.140630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acupuncture has shown the capability of modulating the immuno-inflammatory response of the host. This study aims to evaluate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. METHODS Thirty-two animals were divided into four groups: 1) control; 2) experimental periodontitis (EP); 3) sham-treated (EP/EA-sham); and 4) treated with EA (EP/EA). For the EP groups, a ligature was placed around the right mandibular first molars at day 1. Sessions of EA or EA-sham were assigned every other day. For EA treatment, large intestine meridian points LI4 and LI11 and stomach meridian points ST36 and ST44 were used. EA-sham was performed in off-meridian points. Animals were euthanized at day 11. Histomorphometric and microtomographic analyses were performed. Immunolabeling patterns for the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were assessed. Expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, IL-6, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed statistically (P <0.05, analysis of variance). RESULTS Histomorphometric and microtomographic analyses demonstrated that group EP/EA presented reduced alveolar bone loss when compared to group EP (P <0.05). Reduced RANKL immunolabeling and fewer TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were observed in the EA-treated group in relation to group EP. No differences were observed in OPG expression among groups. EA treatment decreased the genic expression of IL-1β and MMP-8 (P <0.05), increased the mRNA expression of IL-6 (P <0.05), and did not modify the genic expression of COX-2 in animals with EP (P >0.05). CONCLUSION It can be concluded that EA reduced periodontal tissue breakdown and the expression of some proinflammatory mediators and a proresorptive factor in EP in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario R P Lisboa
- *Department of Clinical Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Delane V Gondim
- †Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- ‡Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Histology, Dental School of Aracatuba, São Paulo State University, Aracatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana L Vale
- §Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Nicolly P R Frota
- ‖Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nara L T Nunes
- *Department of Clinical Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Viviane C Mariguela
- ¶Department of Veterinary Pathology, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Taba
- ‖Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel R Messora
- ‖Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia A C Furlaneto
- ‖Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Longhini R, Aparecida de Oliveira P, Sasso-Cerri E, Cerri PS. Cimetidine Reduces Alveolar Bone Loss in Induced Periodontitis in Rat Molars. J Periodontol 2014; 85:1115-25. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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30
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Huang S, Lu F, Li J, Lan T, Huang B, Yin X, Jin H. Quantification of tryptase-TIM-3 double-positive mast cells in human chronic periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:654-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Gomez I, Benyahia C, Louedec L, Leséche G, Jacob MP, Longrois D, Norel X. Decreased PGE₂ content reduces MMP-1 activity and consequently increases collagen density in human varicose vein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88021. [PMID: 24505358 PMCID: PMC3914898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Varicose veins are elongated and dilated saphenous veins. Despite the high prevalence of this disease, its pathogenesis remains unclear. AIMS In this study, we investigated the control of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression by prostaglandin (PG)E₂ during the vascular wall remodeling of human varicose veins. METHODS AND RESULTS Varicose (small (SDv) and large diameter (LDv)) and healthy saphenous veins (SV) were obtained after surgery. Microsomal and cytosolic PGE-synthases (mPGES and cPGES) protein and mRNA responsible for PGE₂ metabolism were analyzed in all veins. cPGES protein was absent while its mRNA was weakly expressed. mPGES-2 expression was similar in the different saphenous veins. mPGES-1 mRNA and protein were detected in healthy veins and a significant decrease was found in LDv. Additionally, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), responsible for PGE₂ degradation, was over-expressed in varicose veins. These variations in mPGES-1 and 15-PGDH density account for the decreased PGE₂ level observed in varicose veins. Furthermore, a significant decrease in PGE₂ receptor (EP4) levels was also found in SDv and LDv. Active MMP-1 and total MMP-2 concentrations were significantly decreased in varicose veins while the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP -1 and -2), were significantly increased, probably explaining the increased collagen content found in LDv. Finally, the MMP/TIMP ratio is restored by exogenous PGE₂ in varicose veins and reduced in presence of an EP4 receptor antagonist in healthy veins. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, PGE₂ could be responsible for the vascular wall thickening in human varicose veins. This mechanism could be protective, strengthening the vascular wall in order to counteract venous stasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Gomez
- INSERM, U698, Paris, France
- University Paris Nord, UMR-S698, Paris, France
| | - Chabha Benyahia
- INSERM, U698, Paris, France
- University Paris Nord, UMR-S698, Paris, France
| | | | - Guy Leséche
- INSERM, U698, Paris, France
- AP-HP CHU X. Bichat, Department of Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMR-S698, Paris, France
| | | | - Dan Longrois
- INSERM, U698, Paris, France
- AP-HP CHU X. Bichat, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMR-S698, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Norel
- INSERM, U698, Paris, France
- University Paris Nord, UMR-S698, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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32
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Korotkova M, Jakobsson PJ. Characterization of Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase 1 Inhibitors. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 114:64-9. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Korotkova
- Rheumatology Unit; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
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33
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Sánchez GA, Miozza VA, Delgado A, Busch L. Salivary IL-1β and PGE2
as biomarkers of periodontal status, before and after periodontal treatment. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40:1112-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A. Sánchez
- Biophysic Unit; School of Dentistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Valeria A. Miozza
- Pharmacology Unit; School of Dentistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Alejandra Delgado
- Pharmacology Unit; School of Dentistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Lucila Busch
- Pharmacology Unit; School of Dentistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
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Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the periodontium involving interactions between bacterial products, numerous cell populations and inflammatory mediators. It is generally accepted that periodontitis is initiated by complex and diverse microbial biofilms which form on the teeth, i.e. dental plaque. Substances released from this biofilm such as lipopolysaccharides, antigens and other virulence factors, gain access to the gingival tissue and initiate an inflammatory and immune response, leading to the activation of host defence cells. As a result of cellular activation, inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, arachidonic acid metabolites and proteolytic enzymes collectively contribute to tissue destruction and bone resorption. This review summarises recent studies on the pathogenesis of periodontitis, with the main focus on inflammatory mediators and their role in periodontal disease.
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35
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Arancibia R, Maturana C, Silva D, Tobar N, Tapia C, Salazar JC, Martínez J, Smith PC. Effects of chitosan particles in periodontal pathogens and gingival fibroblasts. J Dent Res 2013; 92:740-5. [PMID: 23788611 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513494816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally derived polymer with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. However, studies evaluating the role of chitosan in the control of periodontal pathogens and the responses of fibroblasts to inflammatory stimuli are lacking. In the present study, we analyzed whether chitosan particles may inhibit the growth of periodontal pathogens and modulate the inflammatory response in human gingival fibroblasts. Chitosan particles were generated through ionic gelation. They inhibited the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at 5 mg/mL. Conversely, IL-1β strongly stimulated PGE2 protein levels in gingival fibroblasts, and chitosan inhibited this response at 50 µg/mL. IL-1β-stimulated PGE2 production was dependent on the JNK pathway, and chitosan strongly inhibited this response. IL-1β stimulated NF-κB activation, another signaling pathway involved in PGE2 production. However, chitosan particles were unable to modify NF-κB signaling. The present study shows that chitosan exerts a predominantly anti-inflammatory activity by modulating PGE2 levels through the JNK pathway, which may be useful in the prevention or treatment of periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arancibia
- Dentistry Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
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36
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Kats A, Båge T, Georgsson P, Jönsson J, Quezada HC, Gustafsson A, Jansson L, Lindberg C, Näsström K, Yucel-Lindberg T. Inhibition of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 by aminothiazoles decreases prostaglandin E2 synthesis in vitro and ameliorates experimental periodontitis in vivo. FASEB J 2013; 27:2328-41. [PMID: 23447581 PMCID: PMC3659347 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-214445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The potent inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory conditions, including periodontitis. The inducible enzyme microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), catalyzing the terminal step of PGE2 biosynthesis, is an attractive target for selective PGE2 inhibition. To identify mPGES-1 inhibitors, we investigated the effect of aminothiazoles on inflammation-induced PGE2 synthesis in vitro, using human gingival fibroblasts stimulated with the cytokine IL-1β and a cell-free mPGES-1 activity assay, as well as on inflammation-induced bone resorption in vivo, using ligature-induced experimental periodontitis in Sprague-Dawley rats. Aminothiazoles 4-([4-(2-naphthyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino)phenol (TH-848) and 4-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine (TH-644) reduced IL-1β-induced PGE2 production in fibroblasts (IC50 1.1 and 1.5 μM, respectively) as well as recombinant mPGES-1 activity, without affecting activity or expression of the upstream enzyme cyclooxygenase-2. In ligature-induced experimental periodontitis, alveolar bone loss, assessed by X-ray imaging, was reduced by 46% by local treatment with TH-848, compared to vehicle, without any systemic effects on PGE2, 6-keto PGF1α, LTB4 or cytokine levels. In summary, these results demonstrate that the aminothiazoles represent novel mPGES-1 inhibitors for inhibition of PGE2 production and reduction of bone resorption in experimental periodontitis, and may be used as potential anti-inflammatory drugs for treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kats
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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37
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Histamine modulates salivary secretion and diminishes the progression of periodontal disease in rat experimental periodontitis. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:455-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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38
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Nagahama Y, Obama T, Usui M, Kanazawa Y, Iwamoto S, Suzuki K, Miyazaki A, Yamaguchi T, Yamamoto M, Itabe H. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced periodontal inflammation is associated with the up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin synthase 1 in human gingival epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 413:566-71. [PMID: 21925143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by chronic gingival tissue inflammation, and inflammatory mediators such as IL-8 and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) are associated with disease progression. Previously we showed that oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) was present in gingival crevicular fluid. In this study, the role of oxLDL in the gingival epithelial cell inflammatory response was further investigated using Ca9-22 cells and primary human oral keratinocytes (HOK). Treatment of Ca9-22 cells and HOK with oxLDL induced an up-regulation of IL-8 and the PGE(2)-producing enzymes, cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal PGE(2) synthase-1. These responses induced by oxLDL were significantly suppressed by a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor. However, unlike the result in macrophages, oxLDL did not lead to an increase in CD36 expression in these two cells. These results suggest that oxLDL elicits gingival epithelial cell inflammatory responses through an activation of the NF-κB pathway. These data suggest a mechanistic link between periodontal disease and lipid metabolism-related disorders, including atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nagahama
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Showa University Dental Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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39
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Myneni SR, Settem RP, Connell TD, Keegan AD, Gaffen SL, Sharma A. TLR2 signaling and Th2 responses drive Tannerella forsythia-induced periodontal bone loss. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2011; 187:501-9. [PMID: 21632710 PMCID: PMC3119786 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammation of the tooth-supporting soft tissue and alveolar bone due to infection by a select group of gram-negative microbes, which leads to tooth loss if untreated. Because mice deficient in CD4(+) cells are resistant to infection-induced alveolar bone loss, Th cells have been implicated in bone-destructive processes during PD. However, the extent to which different Th cell subtypes play roles in pathogenesis or host protection remains to be defined and is likely to vary depending on the dominant microorganism involved. By far, Porphyromonas gingivalis is the best-studied periodontal microbe in PD. Although the gram-negative anaerobe Tannerella forsythia is also a vital contributor to periodontal bone loss, almost nothing is known about immune responses to this organism. Previous studies from our laboratory revealed that T. forsythia induces periodontal bone loss in mice and that this bone loss depends on the bacterially expressed BspA protein. In this study, we showed that T. forsythia activates murine APCs primarily through TLR2-dependent signaling via BspA. Furthermore, T. forsythia infection causes a pronounced Th2 bias, evidenced by T cell expression of IL-5, but not IFN-γ or IL-17, in draining lymph nodes. Consistently, deficiencies in TLR2 or STAT6 result in resistance to T. forsythia-induced alveolar bone loss. Thus, TLR2 signaling and Th2 cells play pathogenic roles in T. forsythia-induced alveolar bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas R. Myneni
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Rajendra P. Settem
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Terry D. Connell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
- The Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Achsah D. Keegan
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Sarah L. Gaffen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Ashu Sharma
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
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