1
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Izraely S, Witz IP. Site-specific metastasis: A cooperation between cancer cells and the metastatic microenvironment. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:1308-1322. [PMID: 32761606 PMCID: PMC7891572 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The conclusion derived from the information provided in this review is that disseminating tumor cells (DTC) collaborate with the microenvironment of a future metastatic organ site in the establishment of organ‐specific metastasis. We review the basic principles of site‐specific metastasis and the contribution of the cross talk between DTC and the microenvironment of metastatic sites (metastatic microenvironment [MME]) to the establishment of the organ‐specific premetastatic niche; the targeted migration of DTC to the endothelium of the future organ‐specific metastasis; the transmigration of DTC to this site and the seeding and colonization of DTC in their future MME. We also discuss the role played by DTC‐MME interactions on tumor dormancy and on the differential response of tumor cells residing in different MMEs to antitumor therapy. Finally, we summarize some studies dealing with the effects of the MME on a unique site‐specific metastasis—brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Izraely
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Isaac P Witz
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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2
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Summers MA, McDonald MM, Croucher PI. Cancer Cell Dormancy in Metastasis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a037556. [PMID: 31548220 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent metastasis following extended periods of disease-free survival remains a common cause of morbidity and mortality for many cancer patients. Recurrence is thought to be mediated by tumor cells that escaped the primary site early in the disease course and colonize distant organs. In these locations, cells adapt to the local environment, entering a state of long-term dormancy in which they can resist therapy. Then, through mechanisms that are poorly understood, a proportion of these cells are reactivated and become proliferative, forming lethal metastases. Here, we discuss disseminated tumor cell dormancy in recurrent metastasis. We discuss mechanisms known to control entrance of cells into dormancy, highlighting the relevant microenvironments or "niches" in which these cells reside and mechanisms known to be involved in dormant cell reactivation. Finally, we consider emerging therapeutic approaches aimed at eradicating residual disease and preventing metastatic relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Summers
- Bone Biology, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney 2010 NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle M McDonald
- Bone Biology, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney 2010 NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Peter I Croucher
- Bone Biology, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney 2010 NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney 2052 NSW, Australia
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3
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Differential Proteome Analysis of Human Neuroblastoma Xenograft Primary Tumors and Matched Spontaneous Distant Metastases. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13986. [PMID: 30228356 PMCID: PMC6143537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis formation is the major cause for cancer-related deaths and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study we describe spontaneous metastasis xenograft mouse models of human neuroblastoma used for unbiased identification of metastasis-related proteins by applying an infrared laser (IR) for sampling primary tumor and metastatic tissues, followed by mass spectrometric proteome analysis. IR aerosol samples were obtained from ovarian and liver metastases, which were indicated by bioluminescence imaging (BLI), and matched subcutaneous primary tumors. Corresponding histology proved the human origin of metastatic lesions. Ovarian metastases were commonly larger than liver metastases indicating differential outgrowth capacities. Among ~1,900 proteins identified at each of the three sites, 55 proteins were differentially regulated in ovarian metastases while 312 proteins were regulated in liver metastases. There was an overlap of 21 and 7 proteins up- and down-regulated at both metastatic sites, respectively, most of which were so far not related to metastasis such as LYPLA2, EIF4B, DPY30, LGALS7, PRPH, and NEFM. Moreover, we established in vitro sublines from primary tumor and metastases and demonstrate differences in cellular protrusions, migratory/invasive potential and glycosylation. Summarized, this work identified several novel putative drivers of metastasis formation that are tempting candidates for future functional studies.
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4
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Abstract
The concept that progression of cancer is regulated by interactions of cancer cells with their microenvironment was postulated by Stephen Paget over a century ago. Contemporary tumour microenvironment (TME) research focuses on the identification of tumour-interacting microenvironmental constituents, such as resident or infiltrating non-tumour cells, soluble factors and extracellular matrix components, and the large variety of mechanisms by which these constituents regulate and shape the malignant phenotype of tumour cells. In this Timeline article, we review the developmental phases of the TME paradigm since its initial description. While illuminating controversies, we discuss the importance of interactions between various microenvironmental components and tumour cells and provide an overview and assessment of therapeutic opportunities and modalities by which the TME can be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Maman
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Isaac P Witz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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5
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Gnanamony M, Antony R, Fernández KS, Jaime L, Lin J, Joseph PA, Gondi CS. Chronic radiation exposure of neuroblastoma cells reduces nMYC copy number. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3363-3370. [PMID: 28927089 PMCID: PMC5587969 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma accounts for >15% of cancer-associated mortalities of children in the USA. Despite aggressive treatment regimens, the long-term survival for these children remains <40%. The identification of v-Myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma-derived homolog (nMYC) gene amplification during diagnosis is associated with poor prognosis in neuroblastoma. There are limited studies examining changes in nMYC copy numbers in response to therapy and its biological effect on cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of radiation on nMYC expression and amplification status in high-risk neuroblastoma. The effect of acute (5 Gy) and chronic (25 Gy) radiation on two nMYC-amplified cell lines, SK-N-BE (2) and NB-1691, was investigated. The results demonstrate that, following chronic but not acute radiation, the two cell lines regained their proliferation potential similar to the controls. This increased proliferation was characterized by loss of nMYC mRNA and protein expression. It was also revealed that nMYC loss was accompanied by nuclear localization of c-Myc. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, the results of the present study demonstrated that chronic radiation causes a severe loss of nMYC gene copy number. The present study is the first to provide experimental evidence that prolonged radiation therapy affects nMYC gene copy number in high-risk neuroblastoma but does not significantly improve the prognostic outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Gnanamony
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Reuben Antony
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, UC Davis Children's Hospital, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Karen S Fernández
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Center, 9300 Valley Children's Place FC13, Madera, CA 93636, USA
| | - Libes Jaime
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Julian Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Pushpa A Joseph
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Christopher S Gondi
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL 61605, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL 61605, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
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6
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Naftali O, Maman S, Meshel T, Sagi-Assif O, Ginat R, Witz IP. PHOX2B is a suppressor of neuroblastoma metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:10627-37. [PMID: 26840262 PMCID: PMC4891146 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Paired like homeobox 2B (PHOX2B) is a minimal residual disease (MRD) marker of neuroblastoma. The presence of MRD, also referred to as micro-metastases, is a powerful marker of poor prognosis in neuroblastoma. Lung metastasis is considered a terminal event in neuroblastoma. Lung micro-metastatic neuroblastoma (MicroNB) cells show high expression levels of PHOX2B and possess a less malignant and metastatic phenotype than lung macro metastatic neuroblastoma (MacroNB) cells, which hardly express PHOX2B. In vitro assays showed that PHOX2B knockdown in MicroNB cells did not affect cell viability; however it decreased the migratory capacity of the MicroNB-shPHOX2B cells. An orthotopic inoculation of MicroNB-shPHOX2B cells into the adrenal gland of nude mice resulted in significantly larger primary tumors and a heavier micro-metastatic load in the lungs and bone-marrow, than when control cells were inoculated. PHOX2B expression was found to be regulated by methylation. The PHOX2B promoter in MacroNB cells is significantly more methylated than in MicroNB cells. Demethylation assays using 5-azacytidine demonstrated that methylation can indeed inhibit PHOX2B transcription in MacroNB cells. These pre-clinical data strongly suggest that PHOX2B functions as a suppressor of neuroblastoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Naftali
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Shelly Maman
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Orit Sagi-Assif
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Ravit Ginat
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Isaac P Witz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978
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7
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Maman S, Sagi-Assif O, Yuan W, Ginat R, Meshel T, Zubrilov I, Keisari Y, Lu W, Lu W, Witz IP. The Beta Subunit of Hemoglobin (HBB2/HBB) Suppresses Neuroblastoma Growth and Metastasis. Cancer Res 2016; 77:14-26. [PMID: 27793844 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soluble pulmonary factors have been reported to be capable of inhibiting the viability of cancer cells that metastasize to the lung, but the molecular identity was obscure. Here we report the isolation and characterization of the beta subunit of hemoglobin as a lung-derived antimetastatic factor. Peptide mapping in the beta subunit of human hemoglobin (HBB) defined a short C-terminal region (termed Metox) as responsible for activity. In tissue culture, both HBB and murine HBB2 mediated growth arrest and apoptosis of lung-metastasizing neuroblastoma cells, along with a variety of other human cancer cell lines. Metox acted similarly and its administration in human tumor xenograft models limited the development of adrenal neuroblastoma tumors as well as spontaneous lung and bone marrow metastases. Expression studies in mice indicated that HBB2 is produced by alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells and is upregulated in mice bearing undetectable metastasis. Our work suggested a novel function for HBB as a theranostic molecule: an innate antimetastasis factor with potential utility as an anticancer drug and a biomarker signaling the presence of clinically undetectable metastasis. Cancer Res; 77(1); 14-26. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Maman
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Orit Sagi-Assif
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Weirong Yuan
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ravit Ginat
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inna Zubrilov
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yona Keisari
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Isaac P Witz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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8
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Pascual-Pasto G, Olaciregui NG, Vila-Ubach M, Paco S, Monterrubio C, Rodriguez E, Winter U, Batalla-Vilacis M, Catala J, Salvador H, Parareda A, Schaiquevich P, Suñol M, Mora J, Lavarino C, de Torres C, Chantada GL, Carcaboso AM. Preclinical platform of retinoblastoma xenografts recapitulating human disease and molecular markers of dissemination. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:10-9. [PMID: 27319373 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Translational research in retinoblastoma - a pediatric tumor that originates during the development of the retina - would be improved by the creation of new patient-derived models. Using tumor samples from enucleated eyes we established a new battery of preclinical models that grow in vitro in serum-free medium and in vivo in immunodeficient mice. To examine whether the new xenografts recapitulate human disease and disseminate from the retina to the central nervous system, we evaluated their histology and the presence of molecular markers of dissemination that are used in the clinical setting to detect extraocular metastases. We evaluated GD2 synthase and CRX as such markers and generated a Taqman real-time quantitative PCR method to measure CRX mRNA for rapid, sensitive and specific quantification of local and metastatic tumor burden. This approach was able to detect 1 human retinoblastoma cell in 100.000 mouse brain cells. Our research adds novel preclinical tools for the discovery of new retinoblastoma treatments for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Pascual-Pasto
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nagore G Olaciregui
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Vila-Ubach
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Paco
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Monterrubio
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Rodriguez
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ursula Winter
- Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Clinical Pharmacokinetics Unit, Hospital de Pediatria JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Jaume Catala
- Ophthalmology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hector Salvador
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreu Parareda
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Schaiquevich
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Unit, Hospital de Pediatria JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariona Suñol
- Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen de Torres
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo L Chantada
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Garrahan Research Institute, Hospital de Pediatria JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Botzer LE, Maman S, Sagi-Assif O, Meshel T, Nevo I, Yron I, Witz IP. Hexokinase 2 is a determinant of neuroblastoma metastasis. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:759-66. [PMID: 26986252 PMCID: PMC4984856 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intersecting a genome-wide expression profile of metastatic and nonmetastatic human neuroblastoma xenograft variants with expression profiles of tumours from stage 1 and 4 neuroblastoma patients, we previously characterised hexokinase 2 (HK2) as a gene whose expression was upregulated in both metastatic neuroblastoma variants and tumours from stage 4 neuroblastoma patients. Methods: Local and metastatic neuroblastoma cell variants as well as metastatic neuroblastoma cells genetically manipulated to downregulate the expression of HK2 were utilised for in vitro and in vivo examinations of the involvement of HK2 in neuroblastoma. Results: Hexokinase 2 expression and its activity levels were increased in neuroblastoma metastatic variants as compared with the local variants. The upregulation of HK2 confers upon the metastatic cells high resistance to the antiproliferative effect of the HK2 inhibitor 3-BrPa and to the chemotherapy agent Deferoxamine. The inhibition of HK2 transcript lowered the proliferation and motility of sh-HK2 cells as compared with sh-control cells. Mice that were inoculated with sh-HK2 cells had a lower incidence of local tumours, smaller tumour volumes and a diminished load of lung metastasis compared with mice inoculated with sh-control cells. Conclusions: Hexokinase 2 plays a significant role in shaping the malignant phenotype of neuroblastoma and influences the progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Edry Botzer
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shelly Maman
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Orit Sagi-Assif
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ido Nevo
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ilana Yron
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Isaac P Witz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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10
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Zenitani M, Uehara S, Miyashita E, Hashii Y, Oue T, Okuyama H. Primary renal neuroblastoma with metastasis and matrix metalloproteinase-14 expression. Pediatr Int 2016; 58:161-4. [PMID: 26541120 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We herein report the rare case of a 4-year-5-month-old boy who presented with primary renal neuroblastoma. The patient developed repeated lung and liver metastatic recurrences, but, following a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy and aggressive surgical resection, the patient is now in remission. To investigate the pathogenesis of lung metastasis, immunohistochemistry was performed for matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -14 (MMP-9 and MMP-14), molecular markers of invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis in neuroblastoma. In the present case, MMP-9 expression was not observed, but MMP-14 expression was detected in the primary lesion and was more highly expressed in the metastatic lesion compared with the primary one. Given the MMP-14 staining in other cases, expression of MMP-14 may be associated with the aggressiveness of the tumor. This suggests that selected clones with high MMP-14 expression in the primary tumor might metastasize and form MMP-14-rich lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Zenitani
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Uehara
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emiko Miyashita
- Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Hashii
- Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaharu Oue
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Okuyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Gao D, Li S. Biological resonance for cancer metastasis, a new hypothesis based on comparisons between primary cancers and metastases. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2013; 6:213-30. [PMID: 24214411 PMCID: PMC3855372 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-013-0138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many hypotheses have been proposed to try to explain cancer metastasis. However, they seem to be contradictory and have some limitations. Comparisons of primary tumors and matched metastases provide new insight into metastasis. The results show high concordances and minor differences at multiple scales from organic level to molecular level. The concordances reflect the commonality between primary cancer and metastasis, and also mean that metastatic cancer cells derived from primary cancer are quite conservative in distant sites. The differences reflect variation that cancer cells must acquire new traits to adapt to foreign milieu during the course of evolving into a new tumor in second organs. These comparisons also provided new information on understanding mechanism of vascular metastasis, organ-specific metastasis, and tumor dormancy. The collective results suggest a new hypothesis, biological resonance (bio-resonance) model. The hypothesis has two aspects. One is that primary cancer and matched metastasis have a common progenitor. The other is that both ancestors of primary cancer cells and metastatic cancer cells are under similar microenvironments and receive similar or same signals. When their interactions reach a status similar to primary cancer, metastasis will occur. Compared with previous hypotheses, the bio-resonance hypothesis seems to be more applicable for cancer metastasis to explain how, when and where metastasis occurs. Thus, it has important implications for individual prediction, prevention and treatment of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Gao
- 536 Hospital of PLA, 29# Xiadu street, Xining, 810007, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China,
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12
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Maman S, Edry-Botzer L, Sagi-Assif O, Meshel T, Yuan W, Lu W, Witz IP. The metastatic microenvironment: lung-derived factors control the viability of neuroblastoma lung metastasis. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2296-306. [PMID: 23649556 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that the mechanisms determining whether a tumor cell reaching a secondary organ will enter a dormant state, progress toward metastasis, or go through apoptosis are regulated by the microenvironment of the distant organ. In neuroblastoma, 60-70% of children with high-risk disease will ultimately experience relapse due to the presence of micrometastases. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the role of the lung microenvironment in determining the fate of neuroblastoma lung metastases and micrometastases. Utilizing an orthotopic mouse model for human neuroblastoma metastasis, we were able to generate two neuroblastoma cell populations-lung micrometastatic (MicroNB) cells and lung macrometastatic (MacroNB) cells. These two types of cells share the same genetic background, invade the same distant organ, but differ in their ability to create metastasis in the lungs. We hypothesize that factors present in the lung microenvironment inhibit the propagation of MicroNB cells preventing them from forming overt lung metastasis. This study indeed shows that lung-derived factors significantly reduce the viability of MicroNB cells by up regulating the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, inducing cell cycle arrest and decreasing ERK and FAK phosphorylation. Lung-derived factors affected various additional progression-linked cellular characteristics of neuroblastoma cells, such as the expression of stem-cell markers, morphology, and migratory capacity. An insight into the microenvironmental effects governing neuroblastoma recurrence and progression would be of pivotal importance as they could have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of neuroblastoma residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Maman
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
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13
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The role played by the microenvironment in site-specific metastasis. Cancer Lett 2013; 352:54-8. [PMID: 23988268 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells that disseminate to metastatic sites may progress to frank metastasis or persist as dormant micrometastasis. Significant progress has been made in defining the genetic and phenotypic cancer-cell-autonomous determinants of metastasis and in the understanding of the cross-talk between metastasizing tumor cells and the metastatic microenvironment. However several questions remain open, in particular the identity of microenvironmental factors that keep micrometastatic cells in a state of dormancy and those that promote survival, proliferation and progression of such cells. Significantly more information is available on the latter factors than on microenvironmental cells and molecules that restrain micrometastasis. This mini-review summarizes findings suggesting that: In view of the above, it is not unlikely that metastases residing in different microenvironments may require "individualized" treatment modalities.
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Izraely S, Sagi-Assif O, Klein A, Meshel T, Tsarfaty G, Pasmanik-Chor M, Nahmias C, Couraud PO, Ateh E, Bryant JL, Hoon DS, Witz IP. The metastatic microenvironment: Brain-residing melanoma metastasis and dormant micrometastasis. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:1071-82. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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