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Song W, Tu G, Qin L, Wei L, Chen J. Macrophage in Sporadic Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection: Potential Therapeutic and Preventing Target. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2023; 24:340. [PMID: 39077089 PMCID: PMC11272886 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2412340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disorder lacking effective clinical pharmacological therapies. The underlying molecular mechanisms of TAAD still remain elusive with participation of versatile cell types and components including endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), fibroblasts, immune cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The main pathological features of TAAD include SMC dysfunction, phenotypic switching, and ECM degradation, which is closely associated with inflammation and immune cell infiltration. Among various types of immune cells, macrophages are a distinct participator in the formation and progression of TAAD. In this review, we first highlight the important role of inflammation and immune cell infiltration in TAAD. Furthermore, we discuss the role of macrophages in TAAD from the aspects of macrophage origination, classification, and functions. On the basis of experimental and clinical studies, we summarize key regulators of macrophages in TAAD. Finally, we review how targeting macrophages can reduce TAAD in murine models. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of TAAD may provide novel insights into preventing and treating the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Guowei Tu
- Cardiac Intensive Care Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Lieyang Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
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Forrester SJ, Booz GW, Sigmund CD, Coffman TM, Kawai T, Rizzo V, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Signal Transduction: An Update on Mechanisms of Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1627-1738. [PMID: 29873596 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 621] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is believed to mediate most functions of ANG II in the system. AT1R utilizes various signal transduction cascades causing hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, and end organ damage. Moreover, functional cross-talk between AT1R signaling pathways and other signaling pathways have been recognized. Accumulating evidence reveals the complexity of ANG II signal transduction in pathophysiology of the vasculature, heart, kidney, and brain, as well as several pathophysiological features, including inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the ANG II receptor signaling events and their functional significances for potential translation into therapeutic strategies. AT1R remains central to the system in mediating physiological and pathophysiological functions of ANG II, and participation of specific signaling pathways becomes much clearer. There are still certain limitations and many controversies, and several noteworthy new concepts require further support. However, it is expected that rigorous translational research of the ANG II signaling pathways including those in large animals and humans will contribute to establishing effective new therapies against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - George W Booz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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Mohammadi R, Fathei M, Hejazi K. Effect of Eight-Weeks Aerobic Training on Serum Levels of Nitric Oxide and Endothelin-1 in Overweight Elderly Men. SALMAND 2018. [DOI: 10.21859/sija.13.1.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhu CG, Guo YL, Huang QJ, Wu NQ, Gao Y, Qing P, Liu G, Dong Q, Li JJ. Big endothelin-1 level is a useful marker for predicting the presence of isolated coronary artery ectasia. Biomarkers 2016; 22:331-336. [PMID: 27885846 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2016.1265001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Endothelin-1(ET-1) has been implicated in coronary artery disease (CAD) and may be associated with coronary artery ectasia (CAE). OBJECTIVE To clarify the relationship between big ET-1 and isolated CAE. METHODS We measured big ET-1 with ELISA in 216 patients (CAE, n = 72; CAD, n = 72; normal, n = 72) and evaluated the link with isolated CAE. RESULTS The level of plasma big ET-1 was significantly higher in patients with isolated CAE (p < 0.001). Big ET-1 was strongly and independently associated with CAE by multivariate analysis (OR 95%CI: 1.026 (1.018-1.034), p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Big ET-1 may be a useful predictor for the presence of isolated CAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- a Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Yan Zhang
- a Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zhu
- a Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- a Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Qiao-Juan Huang
- a Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Na-Qiong Wu
- a Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Ying Gao
- a Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Ping Qing
- a Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Geng Liu
- a Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Qian Dong
- a Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- a Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
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Kahle B, Schmidtke C, Hunzelmann N, Bartels C, Sievers HH, Steenbock H, Reinhardt DP, Brinckmann J. The Extracellular Matrix Signature in Vein Graft Disease. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:1008.e11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Effects and mechanism of Xin Mai Jia in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1627-1634. [PMID: 26640529 PMCID: PMC4665141 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of Xin Mai Jia (XMJ) on atherosclerosis (AS) in rabbits and to explore the underlying mechanisms in order to provide experimental evidence for the clinical application of XMJ. An intraperitoneal injection of vitamin D3, combined with a high-fat diet and sacculus injury, was utilized to establish the AS rabbit model. Following the oral administration of lovastatin, Zhibituo and different dosages of XMJ, respectively, blood was drawn from each rabbit for the detection of blood rheological indicators, such as serum lipids. The pathological changes in the right common carotid artery were observed. Vascular function experiments and the expression detection of common carotid artery-related proteins by immunohistochemistry were conducted. XMJ was observed to decrease the blood lipid levels of the AS rabbits; increase the concentration of high-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A; decrease blood viscosity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and hematocrit; elevate the levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and Na+/H+ exchanger 1 in vascular tissues and decrease the levels of angiotensin II receptor, type 1 (AT-1) and endothelin-1 (ET-1). In conclusion, XMJ was shown to lower the blood lipid levels of the experimental AS rabbits, improve the abnormal changes in hemorheology, increase the eNOS content in the vascular tissue, decrease the AT-1 and ET-1 levels and increase the endothelium-dependent vasodilation reaction. XMJ therefore has an anti-AS effect.
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Webb NR, De Beer MC, Wroblewski JM, Ji A, Bailey W, Shridas P, Charnigo RJ, Noffsinger VP, Witta J, Howatt DA, Balakrishnan A, Rateri DL, Daugherty A, De Beer FC. Deficiency of Endogenous Acute-Phase Serum Amyloid A Protects apoE-/- Mice From Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1156-65. [PMID: 25745063 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a major cause of death in the aged population, is characterized by vascular inflammation and matrix degradation. Serum amyloid A (SAA), an acute-phase reactant linked to inflammation and matrix metalloproteinase induction, correlates with aortic dimensions before aneurysm formation in humans. We investigated whether SAA deficiency in mice affects AAA formation during angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. APPROACH AND RESULTS Plasma SAA increased ≈60-fold in apoE(-/-) mice 24 hours after intraperitoneal Ang II injection (100 μg/kg; n=4) and ≈15-fold after chronic 28-day Ang II infusion (1000 ng/kg per minute; n=9). AAA incidence and severity after 28-day Ang II infusion was significantly reduced in apoE(-/-) mice lacking both acute-phase SAA isoforms (SAAKO; n=20) compared with apoE(-/-) mice (SAAWT; n=20) as assessed by in vivo ultrasound and ex vivo morphometric analyses, despite a significant increase in systolic blood pressure in SAAKO mice compared with SAAWT mice after Ang II infusion. Atherosclerotic lesion area of the aortic arch was similar in SAAKO and SAAWT mice after 28-day Ang II infusion. Immunostaining detected SAA in AAA tissues of Ang II-infused SAAWT mice that colocalized with macrophages, elastin breaks, and enhanced matrix metalloproteinase activity. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity was significantly lower in aortas of SAAKO mice compared with SAAWT mice after 10-day Ang II infusion. CONCLUSIONS Lack of endogenous acute-phase SAA protects against experimental AAA through a mechanism that may involve reduced matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R Webb
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.).
| | - Maria C De Beer
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Joanne M Wroblewski
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Ailing Ji
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - William Bailey
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Preetha Shridas
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Richard J Charnigo
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Victoria P Noffsinger
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Jassir Witta
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Deborah A Howatt
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Anju Balakrishnan
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Debra L Rateri
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Frederick C De Beer
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
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McNeill E, Crabtree MJ, Sahgal N, Patel J, Chuaiphichai S, Iqbal AJ, Hale AB, Greaves DR, Channon KM. Regulation of iNOS function and cellular redox state by macrophage Gch1 reveals specific requirements for tetrahydrobiopterin in NRF2 activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 79:206-16. [PMID: 25451639 PMCID: PMC4344222 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a key enzyme in the macrophage inflammatory response, which is the source of nitric oxide (NO) that is potently induced in response to proinflammatory stimuli. However, the specific role of NO production, as distinct from iNOS induction, in macrophage inflammatory responses remains unproven. We have generated a novel mouse model with conditional deletion of Gch1, encoding GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH), an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) that is a required cofactor for iNOS NO production. Mice with a floxed Gch1 allele (Gch1(fl/fl)) were crossed with Tie2cre transgenic mice, causing Gch1 deletion in leukocytes (Gch1(fl/fl)Tie2cre). Macrophages from Gch1(fl/fl)Tie2cre mice lacked GTPCH protein and de novo biopterin biosynthesis. When activated with LPS and IFNγ, macrophages from Gch1(fl/fl)Tie2cre mice induced iNOS protein in a manner indistinguishable from wild-type controls, but produced no detectable NO, as judged by L-citrulline production, EPR spin trapping of NO, and by nitrite accumulation. Incubation of Gch1(fl/fl)Tie2cre macrophages with dihydroethidium revealed significantly increased production of superoxide in the presence of iNOS expression, and an iNOS-independent, BH4-dependent increase in other ROS species. Normal BH4 levels, nitric oxide production, and cellular redox state were restored by sepiapterin, a precursor of BH4 production by the salvage pathway, demonstrating that the effects of BH4 deficiency were reversible. Gch1(fl/fl)Tie2cre macrophages showed only minor alterations in cytokine production and normal cell migration, and minimal changes in basal gene expression. However, gene expression analysis after iNOS induction identified 78 genes that were altered between wild-type and Gch1(fl/fl)Tie2cre macrophages. Pathway analysis identified decreased NRF2 activation, with reduced induction of archetypal NRF2 genes (gclm, prdx1, gsta3, nqo1, and catalase) in BH4-deficient Gch1(fl/fl)Tie2cre macrophages. These findings identify BH4-dependent iNOS regulation and NO generation as specific requirements for NRF2-dependent responses in macrophage inflammatory activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen McNeill
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark J Crabtree
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natasha Sahgal
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jyoti Patel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Surawee Chuaiphichai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Asif J Iqbal
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ashley B Hale
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David R Greaves
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Keith M Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Stimulation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by AR-R17779 suppresses atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 61:49-55. [PMID: 24685818 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. It has been appreciated that vagus nerve inhibits macrophage activation via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), termed the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. We explored the effects of AR-R17779, a selective α7nAChR agonist, on atherosclerosis and aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice. ApoE-deficient mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and angiotensin II (Ang II) was infused by osmotic minipumps from 10-week-old for 4weeks. AR-R17779 was given in drinking water ad libitum. Oil red O staining of the aorta showed that combined loading of HFD and Ang II induced marked atherosclerosis compared with control mice fed a normal chow. Treatment with AR-R17779 significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque area and improved survival of mice. Treatment with AR-R17779 also suppressed abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Quantitative RT-PCR of the aorta revealed that mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and NOX2 were significantly decreased in AR-R17779-treated mice compared with Ang II+HFD mice. AR-R17779 treatment also reduced blood pressure and serum lipid levels. In conclusion, α7nAChR activation attenuates atherogenesis and aortic abdominal aneurysm formation in ApoE-deficient mice possibly through an anti-inflammatory effect and reduction of blood pressure and lipid levels. Pharmacological activation of α7nAChR may have a therapeutic potential against atherosclerotic vascular diseases through multiple mechanisms.
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10
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Chen X, Rateri DL, Howatt DA, Balakrishnan A, Moorleghen JJ, Morris AJ, Charnigo R, Cassis LA, Daugherty A. Amlodipine reduces AngII-induced aortic aneurysms and atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81743. [PMID: 24244746 PMCID: PMC3828247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to determine effects of amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, on development of angiotensin II (AngII)-induced vascular pathologies. Methods and Results Male LDL receptor -/- mice were infused with vehicle, amlodipine (5 mg/kg/d), AngII (1,000 ng/kg/min), or AngII + amlodipine for 4 weeks through osmotic pumps (n=10/group). Mice were fed a saturated fat-enriched diet for 1 week prior to pump implantation and during 4 weeks of infusion. Infusion of amlodipine resulted in plasma concentrations of 32 ± 2 ng/ml and 27 ± 2 ng/ml for mice in saline + amlodipine and AngII + amlodipine groups, respectively. This infusion rate of amlodipine did not affect AngII-induced increases in systolic blood pressure. Three of 10 (30%) mice infused with AngII died of aortic rupture, while aortic rupture did not occur in mice co-infused with AngII + amlodipine. Suprarenal aortic width and intimal area of ascending aortas were measured to define aortic aneurysms. In the absence of AngII infusion, amlodipine did not change suprarenal aortic width and ascending aortic area. Infusion of AngII led to profound increases of suprarenal aortic width (saline + vehicle versus AngII + vehicle: 0.86 ± 0.02 versus 1.72 ± 0.26 mm; P=0.0006), whereas co-infusion of AngII and amlodipine diminished abdominal dilation (1.02 ± 0.14 mm; P=0.003). As expected, AngII infusion increased mean intimal area of ascending aortas (saline + vehicle versus AngII + vehicle: 8.5 ± 0.3 versus 12.5 ± 1.1 mm2; P=0.001), while co-infusion of AngII and amlodipine ablated dilation of the ascending aorta (8.6 ± 0.2 mm2; P=0.03). Co-administration of amlodipine also significantly attenuated AngII-induced atherosclerosis in the thoracic region as quantified by percent lesion area (AngII + vehicle versus AngII + amlodipine: 5.8 ± 2.1 % versus 0.3 ± 0.1%; P=0.05). Conclusions Amlodipine inhibited AngII-induced aortic aneurysms in both the abdominal and ascending regions, and atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Chen
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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11
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Li MW, Mian MOR, Barhoumi T, Rehman A, Mann K, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. Endothelin-1 overexpression exacerbates atherosclerosis and induces aortic aneurysms in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2306-15. [PMID: 23887640 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelin (ET)-1 plays a role in vascular reactive oxygen species production and inflammation. ET-1 has been implicated in human atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. ET-1 overexpression exacerbates high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E(-/-) (Apoe(-/-)) mice. ET-1-induced reactive oxygen species and inflammation may contribute to atherosclerosis progression and AAA development. APPROACH AND RESULTS Eight-week-old male wild-type mice, transgenic mice overexpressing ET-1 selectively in endothelium (eET-1), Apoe(-/-) mice, and eET-1/Apoe(-/-) mice were fed high-fat diet for 8 weeks. eET-1/Apoe(-/-) had a 45% reduction in plasma high-density lipoprotein (P<0.05) and presented ≥ 2-fold more aortic atherosclerotic lesions compared with Apoe(-/-) (P<0.01). AAAs were detected only in eET-1/Apoe(-/-) (8/21; P<0.05). Reactive oxygen species production was increased ≥ 2-fold in perivascular fat, media, or atherosclerotic lesions in the ascending aorta and AAAs of eET-1/Apoe(-/-) compared with Apoe(-/-) (P<0.05). Monocyte/macrophage infiltration was enhanced ≥ 2.5-fold in perivascular fat of ascending aorta and AAAs in eET-1/Apoe(-/-) compared with Apoe(-/-) (P<0.05). CD4(+) T cells were detected almost exclusively in perivascular fat (3/6) and atherosclerotic lesions (5/6) in ascending aorta of eET-1/Apoe(-/-) (P<0.05). The percentage of spleen proinflammatory Ly-6C(hi) monocytes was enhanced 26% by ET-1 overexpression in Apoe(-/-) (P<0.05), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 was increased 2-fold in plaques of eET-1/Apoe(-/-) (P<0.05) compared with Apoe(-/-). CONCLUSIONS ET-1 plays a role in progression of atherosclerosis and AAA formation by decreasing high-density lipoprotein, and increasing oxidative stress, inflammatory cell infiltration, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 in perivascular fat, vascular wall, and atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa W Li
- From the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (M.W.L., M.O.R.M., T.B., A.R., K.M., P.P., E.L.S.), Department of Medicine (E.L.S.), and Department of Oncology (K.M.), Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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12
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Iida Y, Xu B, Schultz GM, Chow V, White JJ, Sulaimon S, Hezi-Yamit A, Peterson SR, Dalman RL. Efficacy and mechanism of angiotensin II receptor blocker treatment in experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49642. [PMID: 23226500 PMCID: PMC3513299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the importance of the renin-angiotensin (Ang) system in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathogenesis, strategies targeting this system to prevent clinical aneurysm progression remain controversial and unproven. We compared the relative efficacy of two Ang II type 1 receptor blockers, telmisartan and irbesartan, in limiting experimental AAAs in distinct mouse models of aneurysm disease. Methodology/Principal Findings AAAs were induced using either 1) Ang II subcutaneous infusion (1000 ng/kg/min) for 28 days in male ApoE−/− mice, or 2) transient intra-aortic porcine pancreatic elastase infusion in male C57BL/6 mice. One week prior to AAA creation, mice started to daily receive irbesartan (50 mg/kg), telmisartan (10 mg/kg), fluvastatin (40 mg/kg), bosentan (100 mg/kg), doxycycline (100 mg/kg) or vehicle alone. Efficacy was determined via serial in vivo aortic diameter measurements, histopathology and gene expression analysis at sacrifice. Aortic aneurysms developed in 67% of Ang II-infused ApoE−/− mice fed with standard chow and water alone (n = 15), and 40% died of rupture. Strikingly, no telmisartan-treated mouse developed an AAA (n = 14). Both telmisartan and irbesartan limited aneurysm enlargement, medial elastolysis, smooth muscle attenuation, macrophage infiltration, adventitial neocapillary formation, and the expression of proteinases and proinflammatory mediators. Doxycycline, fluvastatin and bosentan did not influence aneurysm progression. Telmisartan was also highly effective in intra-aortic porcine pancreatic elastase infusion-induced AAAs, a second AAA model that did not require exogenous Ang II infusion. Conclusion/Significance Telmisartan suppresses experimental aneurysms in a model-independent manner and may prove valuable in limiting clinical disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Iida
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Baohui Xu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey M. Schultz
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Vinca Chow
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Julie J. White
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Shola Sulaimon
- Medtronic Vascular Inc., Santa Rosa, California, United States of America
| | - Ayala Hezi-Yamit
- Medtronic Vascular Inc., Santa Rosa, California, United States of America
| | - Susan Rea Peterson
- Medtronic Vascular Inc., Santa Rosa, California, United States of America
| | - Ronald L. Dalman
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pernow J, Shemyakin A, Böhm F. New perspectives on endothelin-1 in atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Life Sci 2012; 91:507-16. [PMID: 22483688 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a vasoconstrictor, proinflammatory and proliferative endothelial cell-derived peptide that is of significant importance in the regulation of vascular function. It is involved in the development of endothelial dysfunction including important interactions with nitric oxide. The expression and functional effects of ET-1 and its receptors are markedly altered during development of cardiovascular disease. Increased production of ET-1 and its receptors mediate many pathophysiological events contributing to the development of atherosclerosis and vascular complications in diabetes mellitus. The present review focuses on the pathophysiological role of ET-1 and the potential importance of ET receptors as a therapeutic target for treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Pernow
- Karolinska Institutet, Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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