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Cardenas A, Fadadu RP, Van Der Laan L, Ward-Caviness C, Granger L, Diaz-Sanchez D, Devlin RB, Bind MA. Controlled human exposures to diesel exhaust: a human epigenome-wide experiment of target bronchial epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2021; 7:dvab003. [PMID: 33859829 PMCID: PMC8035831 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major contributor to ambient air pollution around the world. It is a known human carcinogen that targets the respiratory system and increases risk for many diseases, but there is limited research on the effects of DE exposure on the epigenome of human bronchial epithelial cells. Understanding the epigenetic impact of this environmental pollutant can elucidate biological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of harmful DE-related health effects. To estimate the causal effect of short-term DE exposure on the bronchial epithelial epigenome, we conducted a controlled single-blinded randomized crossover human experiment of exposure to DE and used bronchoscopy and Illumina 450K arrays for data collection and analysis, respectively. Of the 13 participants, 11 (85%) were male and 2 (15%) were female, and 12 (92%) were White and one (8%) was Hispanic; the mean age was 26 years (SD = 3.8 years). Eighty CpGs were differentially methylated, achieving the minimum possible exact P-value of P = 2.44 × 10-4 (i.e. 2/213). In regional analyses, we found two differentially methylated regions (DMRs) annotated to the chromosome 5 open reading frame 63 genes (C5orf63; 7-CpGs) and unc-45 myosin chaperone A gene (UNC45A; 5-CpGs). Both DMRs showed increased DNA methylation after DE exposure. The average causal effects for the DMRs ranged from 1.5% to 6.0% increases in DNA methylation at individual CpGs. In conclusion, we found that short-term DE alters DNA methylation of genes in target bronchial epithelial cells, demonstrating epigenetic level effects of exposure that could be implicated in pulmonary pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Raj P Fadadu
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lars Van Der Laan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Cavin Ward-Caviness
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC 27709, USA
| | - Louis Granger
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC 27709, USA
| | - Robert B Devlin
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC 27709, USA
| | - Marie-Abèle Bind
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Daniel S, Phillippi D, Schneider LJ, Nguyen KN, Mirpuri J, Lund AK. Exposure to diesel exhaust particles results in altered lung microbial profiles, associated with increased reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species and inflammation, in C57Bl/6 wildtype mice on a high-fat diet. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:3. [PMID: 33419468 PMCID: PMC7796587 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traffic-generated emissions is associated with the development and exacerbation of inflammatory lung disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Although many lung diseases show an expansion of Proteobacteria, the role of traffic-generated particulate matter pollutants on the lung microbiota has not been well-characterized. Thus, we investigated the hypothesis that exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) can alter commensal lung microbiota, thereby promoting alterations in the lung's immune and inflammatory responses. We aimed to understand whether diet might also contribute to the alteration of the commensal lung microbiome, either alone or related to exposure. To do this, we used male C57Bl/6 mice (4-6-week-old) on either regular chow (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet (45% kcal fat), randomly assigned to be exposed via oropharyngeal aspiration to 35 μg DEP, suspended in 35 μl 0.9% sterile saline or sterile saline only (control) twice a week for 30 days. A separate group of study animals on the HF diet was concurrently treated with 0.3 g/day of Winclove Ecologic® Barrier probiotics in their drinking water throughout the study. RESULTS Our results show that DEP-exposure increases lung tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-10, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) histologically and by RT-qPCR, as well as Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), as quantified by ELISA. We also observed an increase in macrophage infiltration and peroxynitrite, a marker of reactive oxygen species (ROS) + reactive nitrogen species (RNS), immunofluorescence staining in the lungs of DEP-exposed and HF-diet animals, which was further exacerbated by concurrent DEP-exposure and HF-diet consumption. Histological examinations revealed enhanced inflammation and collagen deposition in the lungs DEP-exposed mice, regardless of diet. We observed an expansion of Proteobacteria, by qPCR of bacterial 16S rRNA, in the BALF of DEP-exposed mice on the HF diet, which was diminished with probiotic-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that exposure to DEP causes persistent and sustained inflammation and bacterial alterations in a ROS-RNS mediated fashion, which is exacerbated by concurrent consumption of an HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Daniel
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, EESAT - 215, 1704 W. Mulberry, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - Danielle Phillippi
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, EESAT - 215, 1704 W. Mulberry, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - Leah J Schneider
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, EESAT - 215, 1704 W. Mulberry, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - Kayla N Nguyen
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, EESAT - 215, 1704 W. Mulberry, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - Julie Mirpuri
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Amie K Lund
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, EESAT - 215, 1704 W. Mulberry, Denton, TX, 76201, USA.
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IRF3 and IRF7 contribute to diesel exhaust particles‐induced pulmonary inflammation by mediating mTORC1 activation and restraining autophagy in mice. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1142-1153. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals Airborne PM 2.5-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 16:ijerph16010098. [PMID: 30602677 PMCID: PMC6339163 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have documented that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases the risk of respiratory diseases. However, the details of the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to ambient PM2.5 (mean daily concentration ~64 µg/m³) for 12 weeks through a "real-world" airborne PM2.5 exposure system. We found that PM2.5 caused severe lung injury in mice as evidenced by histopathological examination. Then, tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling quantitative proteomic technology was performed to analyze protein expression profiling in the lungs from control and PM2.5-exposed mice. A total of 32 proteins were differentially expressed in PM2.5-exposed lungs versus the controls. Among these proteins, 24 and 8 proteins were up- and down-regulated, respectively. Gene ontology analysis indicated that PM2.5 exerts a toxic effect on lungs by affecting multiple biological processes, including oxidoreductase activity, receptor activity, and protein binding. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that extracellular matrix (ECM)⁻receptor interaction, phagosome, small cell lung cancer, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways contribute to PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Taken together, these results provide a comprehensive proteomics analysis to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PM2.5-elicited pulmonary disease.
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Negherbon JP, Romero K, Williams DL, Guerrero-Preston RE, Hartung T, Scott AL, Breysse PN, Checkley W, Hansel NN. Whole Blood Cytokine Response to Local Traffic-Related Particulate Matter in Peruvian Children With and Without Asthma. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:157. [PMID: 28424616 PMCID: PMC5371665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to investigate if acute phase immune responses of whole blood from Peruvian children with controlled and uncontrolled asthma differed from children without asthma, following exposure to traffic-related particulate matter (TRPM). TRPM, including particulate matter from diesel combustion, has been shown to stimulate acute airway inflammation in individuals with and without asthma. For this study, a whole blood assay (WBA) was used to test peripheral whole blood samples from 27 children with asthma, and 12 without asthma. Participant blood samples were stimulated, ex vivo, for 24-h with an aqueous extract of TRPM that was collected near study area highways in Lima, Peru. All participant blood samples were tested against the same TRPM extract, in addition to purified bacterial endotoxin and pyrogen-free water, which served as positive and negative WBA controls, respectively. The innate and adaptive cytokine responses were evaluated in cell-free supernatants of the whole blood incubations. Comparatively similar levels were recorded for nine out of the 10 cytokines measured [e.g., – Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10], regardless of study participant asthma status. However, IL-8 levels in TRPM-stimulated blood from children with uncontrolled asthma were diminished, compared to subjects without asthma (633 pg/ml vs. 1,023 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.01); IL-8 responses for subjects with controlled asthma were also reduced, but to a lesser degree (799 pg/ml vs. 1,023 pg/ml, respectively; p = 0.10). These relationships were present before, and after, adjusting for age, sex, obesity/overweight status, C-reactive protein levels, and residential proximity to the study area’s major roadway. For tests conducted with endotoxin, there were no discernible differences in cytokine response between groups, for all cytokines measured. The WBA testing conducted for this study highlighted the capacity of the TRPM extract to potently elicit the release of IL-8 from the human whole blood system. Although the small sample size of the study limits the capacity to draw definitive conclusions, the IL-8 responses suggest that that asthma control may be associated with the regulation of a key mediator in neutrophil chemotaxis, at a systemic level, following exposure to PM derived from traffic-related sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse P Negherbon
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | | | - D'Ann L Williams
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Rafael E Guerrero-Preston
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA.,Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Alan L Scott
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Patrick N Breysse
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - William Checkley
- Asociación Benéfica PrismaLima, Perú.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA
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