1
|
Antagonistic control of active surface integrins by myotubularin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase C2β in a myotubular myopathy model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202236119. [PMID: 36161941 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202236119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked centronuclear myopathy (XLCNM) is a severe human disease without existing therapies caused by mutations in the phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase MTM1. Loss of MTM1 function is associated with muscle fiber defects characterized by impaired localization of β-integrins and other components of focal adhesions. Here we show that defective focal adhesions and reduced active β-integrin surface levels in a cellular model of XLCNM are rescued by loss of phosphatidylinositiol 3-kinase C2β (PI3KC2β) function. Inactivation of the Mtm1 gene impaired myoblast differentiation into myotubes and resulted in reduced surface levels of active β1-integrins as well as corresponding defects in focal adhesions. These phenotypes were rescued by concomitant genetic loss of Pik3c2b or pharmacological inhibition of PI3KC2β activity. We further demonstrate that a hitherto unknown role of PI3KC2β in the endocytic trafficking of active β1-integrins rather than rescue of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate levels underlies the ability of Pik3c2b to act as a genetic modifier of cellular XLCNM phenotypes. Our findings reveal a crucial antagonistic function of MTM1 and PI3KC2β in the control of active β-integrin surface levels, thereby providing a molecular mechanism for the adhesion and myofiber defects observed in XLCNM. They further suggest specific pharmacological inhibition of PI3KC2β catalysis as a viable treatment option for XLCNM patients.
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Q, Lin J, Widrick JJ, Luo S, Li G, Zhang Y, Laporte J, Perrella MA, Liu X, Agrawal PB. Dynamin-2 reduction rescues the skeletal myopathy of SPEG-deficient mouse model. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157336. [PMID: 35763354 PMCID: PMC9462472 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Striated preferentially expressed protein kinase (SPEG), a myosin light chain kinase, is mutated in centronuclear myopathy (CNM) and/or dilated cardiomyopathy. No precise therapies are available for this disorder, and gene replacement therapy is not a feasible option due to the large size of SPEG. We evaluated the potential of dynamin-2 (DNM2) reduction as a potential therapeutic strategy because it has been shown to revert muscle phenotypes in mouse models of CNM caused by MTM1, DNM2, and BIN1 mutations. We determined that SPEG-β interacted with DNM2, and SPEG deficiency caused an increase in DNM2 levels. The DNM2 reduction strategy in Speg-KO mice was associated with an increase in life span, body weight, and motor performance. Additionally, it normalized the distribution of triadic proteins, triad ultrastructure, and triad number and restored phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate levels in SPEG-deficient skeletal muscles. Although DNM2 reduction rescued the myopathy phenotype, it did not improve cardiac dysfunction, indicating a differential tissue-specific function. Combining DNM2 reduction with other strategies may be needed to target both the cardiac and skeletal defects associated with SPEG deficiency. DNM2 reduction should be explored as a therapeutic strategy against other genetic myopathies (and dystrophies) associated with a high level of DNM2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Li
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Jasmine Lin
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J Widrick
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Gu Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Yuanfan Zhang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | | | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ganassi M, Muntoni F, Zammit PS. Defining and identifying satellite cell-opathies within muscular dystrophies and myopathies. Exp Cell Res 2022; 411:112906. [PMID: 34740639 PMCID: PMC8784828 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies and congenital myopathies arise from specific genetic mutations causing skeletal muscle weakness that reduces quality of life. Muscle health relies on resident muscle stem cells called satellite cells, which enable life-course muscle growth, maintenance, repair and regeneration. Such tuned plasticity gradually diminishes in muscle diseases, suggesting compromised satellite cell function. A central issue however, is whether the pathogenic mutation perturbs satellite cell function directly and/or indirectly via an increasingly hostile microenvironment as disease progresses. Here, we explore the effects on satellite cell function of pathogenic mutations in genes (myopathogenes) that associate with muscle disorders, to evaluate clinical and muscle pathological hallmarks that define dysfunctional satellite cells. We deploy transcriptomic analysis and comparison between muscular dystrophies and myopathies to determine the contribution of satellite cell dysfunction using literature, expression dynamics of myopathogenes and their response to the satellite cell regulator PAX7. Our multimodal approach extends current pathological classifications to define Satellite Cell-opathies: muscle disorders in which satellite cell dysfunction contributes to pathology. Primary Satellite Cell-opathies are conditions where mutations in a myopathogene directly affect satellite cell function, such as in Progressive Congenital Myopathy with Scoliosis (MYOSCO) and Carey-Fineman-Ziter Syndrome (CFZS). Primary satellite cell-opathies are generally characterised as being congenital with general hypotonia, and specific involvement of respiratory, trunk and facial muscles, although serum CK levels are usually within the normal range. Secondary Satellite Cell-opathies have mutations in myopathogenes that affect both satellite cells and muscle fibres. Such classification aids diagnosis and predicting probable disease course, as well as informing on treatment and therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ganassi
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gómez-Oca R, Cowling BS, Laporte J. Common Pathogenic Mechanisms in Centronuclear and Myotubular Myopathies and Latest Treatment Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11377. [PMID: 34768808 PMCID: PMC8583656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathies (CNM) are rare congenital disorders characterized by muscle weakness and structural defects including fiber hypotrophy and organelle mispositioning. The main CNM forms are caused by mutations in: the MTM1 gene encoding the phosphoinositide phosphatase myotubularin (myotubular myopathy), the DNM2 gene encoding the mechanoenzyme dynamin 2, the BIN1 gene encoding the membrane curvature sensing amphiphysin 2, and the RYR1 gene encoding the skeletal muscle calcium release channel/ryanodine receptor. MTM1, BIN1, and DNM2 proteins are involved in membrane remodeling and trafficking, while RyR1 directly regulates excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). Several CNM animal models have been generated or identified, which confirm shared pathological anomalies in T-tubule remodeling, ECC, organelle mispositioning, protein homeostasis, neuromuscular junction, and muscle regeneration. Dynamin 2 plays a crucial role in CNM physiopathology and has been validated as a common therapeutic target for three CNM forms. Indeed, the promising results in preclinical models set up the basis for ongoing clinical trials. Another two clinical trials to treat myotubular myopathy by MTM1 gene therapy or tamoxifen repurposing are also ongoing. Here, we review the contribution of the different CNM models to understanding physiopathology and therapy development with a focus on the commonly dysregulated pathways and current therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gómez-Oca
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Strasbourg University, 67081 Strasbourg, France
- Dynacure, 67400 Illkirch, France;
| | | | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Strasbourg University, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
F Almeida C, Bitoun M, Vainzof M. Satellite cells deficiency and defective regeneration in dynamin 2-related centronuclear myopathy. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21346. [PMID: 33715228 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001313rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin 2 (DNM2) is a ubiquitously expressed protein involved in many functions related to trafficking and remodeling of membranes and cytoskeleton dynamics. Mutations in the DNM2 gene cause the autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy (AD-CNM), characterized mainly by muscle weakness and central nuclei. Several defects have been identified in the KI-Dnm2R465W/+ mouse model of the disease to explain the muscle phenotype, including reduction of the satellite cell pool in muscle, but the functional consequences of this depletion have not been characterized until now. Satellite cells (SC) are the main source for muscle growth and regeneration of mature tissue. Here, we investigated muscle regeneration in the KI-Dnm2R465W/+ mouse model for AD-CNM. We found a reduced number of Pax7-positive SCs, which were also less activated after induced muscle injury. The muscles of the KI-Dnm2R465W/+ mouse regenerated more slowly and less efficiently than wild-type ones, formed fewer new myofibers, and did not recover its normal mass 15 days after injury. Altogether, our data provide evidence that the muscle regeneration is impaired in the KI-Dnm2R465W/+ mouse and contribute with one more layer to the comprehension of the disease, by identifying a new pathomechanism linked to DNM2 mutations which may be involved in the muscle-specific impact occurring in AD-CNM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila F Almeida
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,INSERM, Institute of Myology, Centre of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Marc Bitoun
- INSERM, Institute of Myology, Centre of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mariz Vainzof
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo S, Li Q, Lin J, Murphy Q, Marty I, Zhang Y, Kazerounian S, Agrawal PB. SPEG binds with desmin and its deficiency causes defects in triad and focal adhesion proteins. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:3882-3891. [PMID: 33355670 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Striated preferentially expressed gene (SPEG), a member of the myosin light chain kinase family, is localized at the level of triad surrounding myofibrils in skeletal muscles. In humans, SPEG mutations are associated with centronuclear myopathy and cardiomyopathy. Using a striated muscle-specific Speg-knockout (KO) mouse model, we have previously shown that SPEG is critical for triad maintenance and calcium handling. Here, we further examined the molecular function of SPEG and characterized the effects of SPEG deficiency on triad and focal adhesion proteins. We used yeast two-hybrid assay, and identified desmin, an intermediate filament protein, to interact with SPEG and confirmed this interaction by co-immunoprecipitation. Using domain-mapping assay, we defined that Ig-like and fibronectin III domains of SPEG interact with rod domain of desmin. In skeletal muscles, SPEG depletion leads to desmin aggregates in vivo and a shift in desmin equilibrium from soluble to insoluble fraction. We also profiled the expression and localization of triadic proteins in Speg-KO mice using western blot and immunofluorescence. The amount of RyR1 and triadin were markedly reduced, whereas DHPRα1, SERCA1 and triadin were abnormally accumulated in discrete areas of Speg-KO myofibers. In addition, Speg-KO muscles exhibited internalized vinculin and β1 integrin, both of which are critical components of the focal adhesion complex. Further, β1 integrin was abnormally accumulated in early endosomes of Speg-KO myofibers. These results demonstrate that SPEG-deficient skeletal muscles exhibit several pathological features similar to those seen in MTM1 deficiency. Defects of shared cellular pathways may underlie these structural and functional abnormalities in both types of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Luo
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qifei Li
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jasmine Lin
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Quinn Murphy
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isabelle Marty
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Inserm, U1216, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yuanfan Zhang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shideh Kazerounian
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Q, Lin J, Rosen SM, Zhang T, Kazerounian S, Luo S, Agrawal PB. Striated Preferentially Expressed Protein Kinase (SPEG)-Deficient Skeletal Muscles Display Fewer Satellite Cells with Reduced Proliferation and Delayed Differentiation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:2453-2463. [PMID: 32919980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathies (CNMs) are a subtype of congenital myopathies characterized by skeletal muscle weakness and an increase in the number of central myonuclei. SPEG (striated preferentially expressed protein kinase) has been identified as the sixth gene associated with CNM, and it has been shown that striated muscle-specific Speg-knockout (KO) mice have defective triad formation, abnormal excitation-contraction coupling, and calcium mishandling. The impact of SPEG deficiency on the survival and function of myogenic cells remains to be deciphered. In this study, the authors examined the overall population, proliferation, and differentiation of myogenic cells obtained from striated muscle-specific Speg-KO mice and compared them with wild-type (WT) controls. SPEG-deficient skeletal muscles contained fewer myogenic cells, which on further study demonstrated reduced proliferation and delayed differentiation compared with those from WT muscles. Regenerative response to skeletal muscle injury in Speg-KO mice was compared with that of WT mice, leading to the identification of similar abnormalities including fewer satellite cells, fewer dividing cells, and an increase in apoptotic cells in KO mice. Overall, these results reveal specific abnormalities in myogenic cell number and behavior associated with SPEG deficiency. Similar satellite cell defects have been reported in mouse models of MTM1- and DNM2-associated CNM, suggestive of shared underlying pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Li
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jasmine Lin
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samantha M Rosen
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tian Zhang
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shideh Kazerounian
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yanay N, Rabie M, Nevo Y. Impaired Regeneration in Dystrophic Muscle-New Target for Therapy. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:69. [PMID: 32523512 PMCID: PMC7261890 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs), known as satellite cells (SCs) have an incredible ability to regenerate, which enables the maintenance and growth of muscle tissue. In response to damaging stimuli, SCs are activated, proliferate, differentiate, and fuse to repair or generate a new muscle fiber. However, dystrophic muscles are characterized by poor muscle regeneration along with chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Indications for SC involvement in muscular dystrophy pathologies are accumulating, but their contribution to muscle pathophysiology is not precisely understood. In congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (LAMA2-CMD), mutations in Lama2 gene cause either complete or partial absence in laminin-211 protein. Laminin-211 functions as a link between muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) and two adhesion systems in the sarcolemma; one is the well-known dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), and the second is the integrin complex. Because of its protein interactions and location, laminin-211 has a crucial role in muscle function and survival by maintaining sarcolemma integrity. In addition, laminin-211 is expressed in SCs and suggested to have a role in SC proliferation and differentiation. Downstream to the primary defect in laminin-211, several secondary genes and pathways accelerate disease mechanism, while at the same time there are unsuccessful attempts to regenerate as compensation for the dystrophic process. Lately, next-generation sequencing platforms have advanced our knowledge about the secondary events occurring in various diseases, elucidate the pathophysiology, and characterize new essential targets for development of new treatment strategies. This review will mainly focus on SC contribution to impaired regeneration in muscular dystrophies and specifically new findings suggesting SC involvement in LAMA2-CMD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Yanay
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center (FMRC), Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Malcolm Rabie
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center (FMRC), Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoram Nevo
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center (FMRC), Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibres are multinucleated cells that contain postmitotic nuclei (i.e. they are no longer able to divide) and perform muscle contraction. They are formed by fusion of muscle precursor cells, and grow into elongating myofibres by the addition of further precursor cells, called satellite cells, which are also responsible for regeneration following injury. Skeletal muscle regeneration occurs in most muscular dystrophies in response to necrosis of muscle fibres. However, the complex environment within dystrophic skeletal muscle, which includes inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and fibro-adipogenic cells, together with the genetic background of the in vivo model and the muscle being studied, complicates the interpretation of laboratory studies on muscular dystrophies. Many genes are expressed in satellite cells and in other tissues, which makes it difficult to determine the molecular cause of various types of muscular dystrophies. Here, and in the accompanying poster, we discuss our current knowledge of the cellular mechanisms that govern the growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle, and highlight the defects in satellite cell function that give rise to muscular dystrophies. Summary: The mechanisms of skeletal muscle development, growth and regeneration are described. We discuss whether these processes are dysregulated in inherited muscle diseases and identify pathways that may represent therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Morgan
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK .,National Institute for Health Research, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Terence Partridge
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tinklenberg JA, Siebers EM, Beatka MJ, Fickau BA, Ayres S, Meng H, Yang L, Simpson P, Granzier HL, Lawlor MW. Myostatin Inhibition Using ActRIIB-mFc Does Not Produce Weight Gain or Strength in the Nebulin Conditional KO Mouse. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:130-139. [PMID: 30597051 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in at least 12 genes are responsible for a group of congenital skeletal muscle diseases known as nemaline myopathies (NMs). NMs are associated with a range of clinical symptoms and pathological changes often including the presence of cytoplasmic rod-like structures (nemaline bodies) and myofiber hypotrophy. Our recent work has identified a variable degree of behavioral benefit when treating 2 NM mouse models due to mutations in Acta1 with myostatin inhibition. This study is focused on the effects of delivering ActRIIB-mFc (Acceleron; a myostatin inhibitor) to the nebulin conditional knockout KO (Neb cKO) mouse model of NM. Treatment of Neb cKO mice with ActRIIB-mFc did not produce increases in weight gain, strength, myofiber size, or hypertrophic pathway signaling. Overall, our studies demonstrate a lack of response in Neb cKO mice to myostatin inhibition, which differs from the response observed when treating other NM models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Tinklenberg
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Neuroscience Research Center Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Emily M Siebers
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Neuroscience Research Center Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Margaret J Beatka
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Neuroscience Research Center Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Brittany A Fickau
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Neuroscience Research Center Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Samuel Ayres
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Neuroscience Research Center Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Hui Meng
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Pippa Simpson
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Henk L Granzier
- Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (PS); and College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Neuroscience Research Center Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Morgan J, Butler-Browne G, Muntoni F, Patel K. 240th ENMC workshop: The involvement of skeletal muscle stem cells in the pathology of muscular dystrophies 25-27 January 2019, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2019; 29:704-715. [PMID: 31447279 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Morgan
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Gillian Butler-Browne
- Center for Research in Myology, Association Institut de Myologie, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fongy A, Falcone S, Lainé J, Prudhon B, Martins-Bach A, Bitoun M. Nuclear defects in skeletal muscle from a Dynamin 2-linked centronuclear myopathy mouse model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1580. [PMID: 30733559 PMCID: PMC6367339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin 2 (DNM2) is a key protein of the endocytosis and intracellular membrane trafficking machinery. Mutations in the DNM2 gene cause autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy (CNM) and a knock-in mouse model expressing the most frequent human DNM2 mutation in CNM (Knock In-Dnm2R465W/+) develops a myopathy sharing similarities with human disease. Using isolated muscle fibres from Knock In-Dnm2R465W/+ mice, we investigated number, spatial distribution and morphology of myonuclei. We showed a reduction of nuclear number from 20 weeks of age in Tibialis anterior muscle from heterozygous mice. This reduction is associated with a decrease in the satellite cell content in heterozygous muscles. The concomitant reduction of myonuclei number and cross-section area in the heterozygous fibres contributes to largely maintain myonuclear density and volume of myonuclear domain. Moreover, we identified signs of impaired spatial nuclear distribution including alteration of distance from myonuclei to their nearest neighbours and change in orientation of the nuclei. This study highlights reduction of number of myonuclei, a key regulator of the myofiber size, as a new pathomechanism underlying muscle atrophy in the dominant centronuclear myopathy. In addition, this study opens a new line of investigation which could prove particularly important on satellite cells in dominant centronuclear myopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Fongy
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Centre of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Sestina Falcone
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Centre of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Lainé
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Centre of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Prudhon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Centre of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Aurea Martins-Bach
- Institute of Myology, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France.,CEA, DRF, IBFJ, MIRCen, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Marc Bitoun
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Centre of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, F-75013, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tasfaout H, Cowling BS, Laporte J. Centronuclear myopathies under attack: A plethora of therapeutic targets. J Neuromuscul Dis 2019; 5:387-406. [PMID: 30103348 PMCID: PMC6218136 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-180309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathies are a group of congenital myopathies characterized by severe muscle weakness, genetic heterogeneity, and defects in the structural organization of muscle fibers. Their names are derived from the central position of nuclei on biopsies, while they are at the fiber periphery under normal conditions. No specific therapy exists yet for these debilitating diseases. Mutations in the myotubularin phosphoinositides phosphatase, the GTPase dynamin 2, or amphiphysin 2 have been identified to cause respectively X-linked centronuclear myopathies (also called myotubular myopathy) or autosomal dominant and recessive forms. Mutations in additional genes, as RYR1, TTN, SPEG or CACNA1S, were linked to phenotypes that can overlap with centronuclear myopathies. Numerous animal models of centronuclear myopathies have been studied over the last 15 years, ranging from invertebrate to large mammalian models. Their characterization led to a partial understanding of the pathomechanisms of these diseases and allowed the recent validation of therapeutic proof-of-concepts. Here, we review the different therapeutic strategies that have been tested so far for centronuclear myopathies, some of which may be translated to patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Tasfaout
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Belinda S. Cowling
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Correspondence to: Jocelyn Laporte, Tel.: 33 0 388653412; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Danièle N, Moal C, Julien L, Marinello M, Jamet T, Martin S, Vignaud A, Lawlor MW, Buj-Bello A. Intravenous Administration of a MTMR2-Encoding AAV Vector Ameliorates the Phenotype of Myotubular Myopathy in Mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2018; 77:282-295. [PMID: 29408998 PMCID: PMC5939852 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a severe congenital disorder in male infants that leads to generalized skeletal muscle weakness and is frequently associated with fatal respiratory failure. XLMTM is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the MTM1 gene, which encodes myotubularin, the founder member of a family of 15 homologous proteins in mammals. We recently demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of intravenous delivery of rAAV vectors expressing MTM1 in animal models of myotubular myopathy. Here, we tested whether the closest homologues of MTM1, MTMR1, and MTMR2 (the latter being implicated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 4B1) are functionally redundant and could represent a therapeutic target for XLMTM. Serotype 9 recombinant AAV vectors encoding either MTM1, MTMR1, or MTMR2 were injected into the tibialis anterior muscle of Mtm1-deficient knockout mice. Two weeks after vector delivery, a therapeutic effect was observed with Mtm1 and Mtmr2, but not Mtmr1; with Mtm1 being the most efficacious transgene. Furthermore, intravenous administration of a single dose of the rAAV9-Mtmr2 vector in XLMTM mice improved the motor activity and muscle strength and prolonged survival throughout a 3-month study. These results indicate that strategies aiming at increasing MTMR2 expression levels in skeletal muscle may be beneficial in the treatment of myotubular myopathy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Intravenous
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Escape Reaction/physiology
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Locomotion/physiology
- Mice
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle Strength
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Mutation
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/genetics
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/pathology
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/physiopathology
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/therapy
- PAX7 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/administration & dosage
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Transduction, Genetic
- Transfection
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Danièle
- INTEGRARE, INSERM UMRS 951, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, France
- R&D Department, Genethon, Evry, France
- Genethon, Evry, France
| | - Christelle Moal
- INTEGRARE, INSERM UMRS 951, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, France
- R&D Department, Genethon, Evry, France
- Genethon, Evry, France
| | - Laura Julien
- INTEGRARE, INSERM UMRS 951, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, France
- R&D Department, Genethon, Evry, France
- Genethon, Evry, France
| | - Martina Marinello
- INTEGRARE, INSERM UMRS 951, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, France
- R&D Department, Genethon, Evry, France
- Genethon, Evry, France
| | - Thibaud Jamet
- INTEGRARE, INSERM UMRS 951, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, France
- R&D Department, Genethon, Evry, France
- Genethon, Evry, France
| | - Samia Martin
- R&D Department, Genethon, Evry, France
- Genethon, Evry, France
| | - Alban Vignaud
- R&D Department, Genethon, Evry, France
- Genethon, Evry, France
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ana Buj-Bello
- INTEGRARE, INSERM UMRS 951, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, France
- R&D Department, Genethon, Evry, France
- Genethon, Evry, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Single Intramuscular Injection of AAV-shRNA Reduces DNM2 and Prevents Myotubular Myopathy in Mice. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1082-1092. [PMID: 29506908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotubular myopathy, or X-linked centronuclear myopathy, is a severe muscle disorder representing a significant burden for patients and their families. It is clinically characterized by neonatal and severe muscle weakness and atrophy. Mutations in the myotubularin (MTM1) gene cause myotubular myopathy, and no specific curative treatment is available. We previously found that dynamin 2 (DNM2) is upregulated in both Mtm1 knockout and patient muscle samples, whereas its reduction through antisense oligonucleotides rescues the clinical and histopathological features of this myopathy in mice. Here, we propose a novel approach targeting Dnm2 mRNA. We screened and validated in vitro and in vivo several short hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequences that efficiently target Dnm2 mRNA. A single intramuscular injection of AAV-shDnm2 resulted in long-term reduction of DNM2 protein level and restored muscle force, mass, histology, and myofiber ultrastructure and prevented molecular defects linked to the disease. Our results demonstrate a robust DNM2 knockdown and provide an alternative strategy based on reduction of DNM2 to treat myotubular myopathy.
Collapse
|
16
|
Walmsley GL, Blot S, Venner K, Sewry C, Laporte J, Blondelle J, Barthélémy I, Maurer M, Blanchard-Gutton N, Pilot-Storck F, Tiret L, Piercy RJ. Progressive Structural Defects in Canine Centronuclear Myopathy Indicate a Role for HACD1 in Maintaining Skeletal Muscle Membrane Systems. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 187:441-456. [PMID: 27939133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in HACD1/PTPLA cause recessive congenital myopathies in humans and dogs. Hydroxyacyl-coA dehydratases are required for elongation of very long chain fatty acids, and HACD1 has a role in early myogenesis, but the functions of this striated muscle-specific enzyme in more differentiated skeletal muscle remain unknown. Canine HACD1 deficiency is histopathologically classified as a centronuclear myopathy (CNM). We investigated the hypothesis that muscle from HACD1-deficient dogs has membrane abnormalities in common with CNMs with different genetic causes. We found progressive changes in tubuloreticular and sarcolemmal membranes and mislocalized triads and mitochondria in skeletal muscle from animals deficient in HACD1. Furthermore, comparable membranous abnormalities in cultured HACD1-deficient myotubes provide additional evidence that these defects are a primary consequence of altered HACD1 expression. Our novel findings, including T-tubule dilatation and disorganization, associated with defects in this additional CNM-associated gene provide a definitive pathophysiologic link with these disorders, confirm that dogs deficient in HACD1 are relevant models, and strengthen the evidence for a unifying pathogenesis in CNMs via defective membrane trafficking and excitation-contraction coupling in muscle. These results build on previous work by determining further functional roles of HACD1 in muscle and provide new insight into the pathology and pathogenetic mechanisms of HACD1 CNM. Consequently, alterations in membrane properties associated with HACD1 mutations should be investigated in humans with related phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Walmsley
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Stéphane Blot
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Kerrie Venner
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Sewry
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology (IGBMC), Inserm U964, CNRS UMR7104, Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | - Jordan Blondelle
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Inès Barthélémy
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marie Maurer
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nicolas Blanchard-Gutton
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Fanny Pilot-Storck
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Laurent Tiret
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Richard J Piercy
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dey D, Bagarova J, Hatsell SJ, Armstrong KA, Huang L, Ermann J, Vonner AJ, Shen Y, Mohedas AH, Lee A, Eekhoff EMW, van Schie A, Demay MB, Keller C, Wagers AJ, Economides AN, Yu PB. Two tissue-resident progenitor lineages drive distinct phenotypes of heterotopic ossification. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:366ra163. [PMID: 27881824 PMCID: PMC6407419 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a congenital heterotopic ossification (HO) syndrome caused by gain-of-function mutations of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor ACVR1, manifests with progressive ossification of skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints. In this disease, HO can occur in discrete flares, often triggered by injury or inflammation, or may progress incrementally without identified triggers. Mice harboring an Acvr1R206H knock-in allele recapitulate the phenotypic spectrum of FOP, including injury-responsive intramuscular HO and spontaneous articular, tendon, and ligament ossification. The cells that drive HO in these diverse tissues can be compartmentalized into two lineages: an Scx+ tendon-derived progenitor that mediates endochondral HO of ligaments and joints without exogenous injury, and a muscle-resident interstitial Mx1+ population that mediates intramuscular, injury-dependent endochondral HO. Expression of Acvr1R206H in either lineage confers aberrant gain of BMP signaling and chondrogenic differentiation in response to activin A and gives rise to mutation-expressing hypertrophic chondrocytes in HO lesions. Compared to Acvr1R206H, expression of the man-made, ligand-independent ACVR1Q207D mutation accelerates and increases the penetrance of all observed phenotypes, but does not abrogate the need for antecedent injury in muscle HO, demonstrating the need for an injury factor in addition to enhanced BMP signaling. Both injury-dependent intramuscular and spontaneous ligament HO in Acvr1R206H knock-in mice were effectively controlled by the selective ACVR1 inhibitor LDN-212854. Thus, diverse phenotypes of HO found in FOP are rooted in cell-autonomous effects of dysregulated ACVR1 signaling in nonoverlapping tissue-resident progenitor pools that may be addressed by systemic therapy or by modulating injury-mediated factors involved in their local recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devaveena Dey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jana Bagarova
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah J Hatsell
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Kelli A Armstrong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lily Huang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Joerg Ermann
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ashley J Vonner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yue Shen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Agustin H Mohedas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arthur Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Elisabeth M W Eekhoff
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam 1007 MB, Netherlands
| | - Annelies van Schie
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam 1007 MB, Netherlands
| | - Marie B Demay
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Charles Keller
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, 12655 SW Beaverdam Road-West, Beaverton, OR 97005, USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aris N Economides
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Paul B Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lawlor MW, Beggs AH, Buj-Bello A, Childers MK, Dowling JJ, James ES, Meng H, Moore SA, Prasad S, Schoser B, Sewry CA. Skeletal Muscle Pathology in X-Linked Myotubular Myopathy: Review With Cross-Species Comparisons. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:102-10. [PMID: 26823526 PMCID: PMC4765322 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlv020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a devastating, rare, congenital myopathy caused by mutations in the MTM1 gene, resulting in a lack of or dysfunction of the enzyme myotubularin. This leads to severe perinatal weakness and distinctive muscle pathology. It was originally thought that XLMTM was related to developmental arrest in myotube maturation; however, the generation and characterization of several animal models have significantly improved our understanding of clinical and pathological aspects of this disorder. Myotubularin is now known to participate in numerous cellular processes including endosomal trafficking, excitation-contraction coupling, cytoskeletal organization, neuromuscular junction structure, autophagy, and satellite cell proliferation and survival. The available vertebrate models of XLMTM, which vary in severity from complete absence to reduced functional levels of myotubularin, recapitulate features of the human disease to a variable extent. Understanding how pathological endpoints in animals with XLMTM translate to human patients will be essential to interpret preclinical treatment trials and translate therapies into human clinical studies. This review summarizes the published animal models of XLMTM, including those of zebrafish, mice, and dogs, with a focus on their pathological features as compared to those seen in human XLMTM patients.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ravenscroft G, Laing NG, Bönnemann CG. Pathophysiological concepts in the congenital myopathies: blurring the boundaries, sharpening the focus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 138:246-68. [PMID: 25552303 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The congenital myopathies are a diverse group of genetic skeletal muscle diseases, which typically present at birth or in early infancy. There are multiple modes of inheritance and degrees of severity (ranging from foetal akinesia, through lethality in the newborn period to milder early and later onset cases). Classically, the congenital myopathies are defined by skeletal muscle dysfunction and a non-dystrophic muscle biopsy with the presence of one or more characteristic histological features. However, mutations in multiple different genes can cause the same pathology and mutations in the same gene can cause multiple different pathologies. This is becoming ever more apparent now that, with the increasing use of next generation sequencing, a genetic diagnosis is achieved for a greater number of patients. Thus, considerable genetic and pathological overlap is emerging, blurring the classically established boundaries. At the same time, some of the pathophysiological concepts underlying the congenital myopathies are moving into sharper focus. Here we explore whether our emerging understanding of disease pathogenesis and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, rather than a strictly gene-centric approach, will provide grounds for a different and perhaps complementary grouping of the congenital myopathies, that at the same time could help instil the development of shared potential therapeutic approaches. Stemming from recent advances in the congenital myopathy field, five key pathophysiology themes have emerged: defects in (i) sarcolemmal and intracellular membrane remodelling and excitation-contraction coupling; (ii) mitochondrial distribution and function; (iii) myofibrillar force generation; (iv) atrophy; and (v) autophagy. Based on numerous emerging lines of evidence from recent studies in cell lines and patient tissues, mouse models and zebrafish highlighting these unifying pathophysiological themes, here we review the congenital myopathies in relation to these emerging pathophysiological concepts, highlighting both areas of overlap between established entities, as well as areas of distinction within single gene disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianina Ravenscroft
- 1 Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nigel G Laing
- 1 Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- 2 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Centre, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jungbluth H, Gautel M. Pathogenic mechanisms in centronuclear myopathies. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:339. [PMID: 25566070 PMCID: PMC4271577 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathies (CNMs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of inherited neuromuscular disorders characterized by clinical features of a congenital myopathy and abundant central nuclei as the most prominent histopathological feature. The most common forms of congenital myopathies with central nuclei have been attributed to X-linked recessive mutations in the MTM1 gene encoding myotubularin (“X-linked myotubular myopathy”), autosomal-dominant mutations in the DNM2 gene encoding dynamin-2 and the BIN1 gene encoding amphiphysin-2 (also named bridging integrator-1, BIN1, or SH3P9), and autosomal-recessive mutations in BIN1, the RYR1 gene encoding the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor, and the TTN gene encoding titin. Models to study and rescue the affected cellular pathways are now available in yeast, C. elegans, drosophila, zebrafish, mouse, and dog. Defects in membrane trafficking have emerged as a key pathogenic mechanisms, with aberrant T-tubule formation, abnormalities of triadic assembly, and disturbance of the excitation–contraction machinery the main downstream effects studied to date. Abnormal autophagy has recently been recognized as another important collateral of defective membrane trafficking in different genetic forms of CNM, suggesting an intriguing link to primary disorders of defective autophagy with overlapping histopathological features. The following review will provide an overview of clinical, histopathological, and genetic aspects of the CNMs in the context of the key pathogenic mechanism, outline unresolved questions, and indicate promising future lines of enquiry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Jungbluth
- Neuromuscular Service, Department of Paediatric Neurology, Evelina Children's Hospital, St Thomas' Hospital , London , UK ; Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London , London , UK ; Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence , London , UK
| | - Mathias Gautel
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Teng S, Stegner D, Chen Q, Hongu T, Hasegawa H, Chen L, Kanaho Y, Nieswandt B, Frohman MA, Huang P. Phospholipase D1 facilitates second-phase myoblast fusion and skeletal muscle regeneration. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 26:506-17. [PMID: 25428992 PMCID: PMC4310741 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-03-0802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D1 and its product, phosphatidic acid, facilitate muscle fiber regeneration in vivo and are required by mononuclear myocytes to fuse with nascent myotubes during second-phase myoblast fusion in vitro. Myoblast differentiation and fusion is a well-orchestrated multistep process that is essential for skeletal muscle development and regeneration. Phospholipase D1 (PLD1) has been implicated in the initiation of myoblast differentiation in vitro. However, whether PLD1 plays additional roles in myoblast fusion and exerts a function in myogenesis in vivo remains unknown. Here we show that PLD1 expression is up-regulated in myogenic cells during muscle regeneration after cardiotoxin injury and that genetic ablation of PLD1 results in delayed myofiber regeneration. Myoblasts derived from PLD1-null mice or treated with PLD1-specific inhibitor are unable to form mature myotubes, indicating defects in second-phase myoblast fusion. Concomitantly, the PLD1 product phosphatidic acid is transiently detected on the plasma membrane of differentiating myocytes, and its production is inhibited by PLD1 knockdown. Exogenous lysophosphatidylcholine, a key membrane lipid for fusion pore formation, partially rescues fusion defect resulting from PLD1 inhibition. Thus these studies demonstrate a role for PLD1 in myoblast fusion during myogenesis in which PLD1 facilitates the fusion of mononuclear myocytes with nascent myotubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhi Teng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - David Stegner
- University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Tsunaki Hongu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yasunori Kanaho
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Frohman
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Ping Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lim HJ, Joo S, Oh SH, Jackson JD, Eckman DM, Bledsoe TM, Pierson CR, Childers MK, Atala A, Yoo JJ. Syngeneic Myoblast Transplantation Improves Muscle Function in a Murine Model of X-Linked Myotubular Myopathy. Cell Transplant 2014; 24:1887-900. [PMID: 25197964 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x683494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is an isogenic muscle disease characterized by progressive wasting of skeletal muscle, weakness, and premature death of affected male offspring. Recently, the XLMTM gene knock-in mouse, Mtm1 p.R69C, was found to have a similar phenotype as the Mtm1 gene mutation in humans (e.g., central nucleation of small myofibers, attenuated muscle strength, and motor unit potentials). Using this rodent model, we investigated whether syngeneic cell therapy could mitigate muscle weakness. Donor skeletal muscle-derived myoblasts were isolated from C57BL6 wild-type (WT) and Mtm1 p.R69C (KI) mice for transplantation into the gastrocnemius muscle of recipient KI mice. Initial experiments demonstrated that donor skeletal muscle-derived myoblasts from WT and KI mice remained in the gastrocnemius muscle of the recipient KI mouse for up to 4 weeks posttransplantation. KI mice receiving syngeneic skeletal muscle-derived myoblasts displayed an increase in skeletal muscle mass, augmented force generation, and increased nerve-evoked skeletal muscle action potential amplitude. Taken together, these results support our hypothesis that syngeneic cell therapy may potentially be used to ameliorate muscle weakness and delay the progression of XLMTM, as application expands to other muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Lim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Meng H, Janssen PML, Grange RW, Yang L, Beggs AH, Swanson LC, Cossette SA, Frase A, Childers MK, Granzier H, Gussoni E, Lawlor MW. Tissue triage and freezing for models of skeletal muscle disease. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 25078247 PMCID: PMC4215994 DOI: 10.3791/51586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a unique tissue because of its structure and function, which requires specific protocols for tissue collection to obtain optimal results from functional, cellular, molecular, and pathological evaluations. Due to the subtlety of some pathological abnormalities seen in congenital muscle disorders and the potential for fixation to interfere with the recognition of these features, pathological evaluation of frozen muscle is preferable to fixed muscle when evaluating skeletal muscle for congenital muscle disease. Additionally, the potential to produce severe freezing artifacts in muscle requires specific precautions when freezing skeletal muscle for histological examination that are not commonly used when freezing other tissues. This manuscript describes a protocol for rapid freezing of skeletal muscle using isopentane (2-methylbutane) cooled with liquid nitrogen to preserve optimal skeletal muscle morphology. This procedure is also effective for freezing tissue intended for genetic or protein expression studies. Furthermore, we have integrated our freezing protocol into a broader procedure that also describes preferred methods for the short term triage of tissue for (1) single fiber functional studies and (2) myoblast cell culture, with a focus on the minimum effort necessary to collect tissue and transport it to specialized research or reference labs to complete these studies. Overall, this manuscript provides an outline of how fresh tissue can be effectively distributed for a variety of phenotypic studies and thereby provides standard operating procedures (SOPs) for pathological studies related to congenital muscle disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Meng
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Paul M L Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University
| | - Robert W Grange
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech
| | - Lin Yang
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Biostatistics, Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Lindsay C Swanson
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Stacy A Cossette
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin; Cure Congenital Muscular Dystrophy
| | | | | | | | - Emanuela Gussoni
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang P, Schulz TJ, Beauvais A, Tseng YH, Gussoni E. Intramuscular adipogenesis is inhibited by myo-endothelial progenitors with functioning Bmpr1a signalling. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4063. [PMID: 24898859 PMCID: PMC4084855 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing human muscle contains inter-myofiber progenitors expressing Bmp-receptor 1a (Bmpr1a) and Myf5 that respond to stimulation with Bmp4. Here we ablate Bmpr1a in Myf5- and MyoD-expressing cells in vivo. Mutant mice reveal increased intramuscular fat and reduced myofiber size in selected muscles, or following muscle injury. Myo-endothelial progenitors are the most affected cell type: clonal studies demonstrate that ablation of Bmpr1a in myo-endothelial cells results in decreased myogenic activity, while adipogenic differentiation is significantly increased. Downstream phospho-Smad 1, 5, 8 signaling is also severely decreased in mutant myo-endothelial cells. Lineage tracing of endothelial cells using VE-cadherinCre driver failed to reveal a significant contribution of these cells to developing or injured skeletal muscle. Thus, myo-endothelial progenitors with functioning Bmpr1a signaling demonstrate myogenic potential, but their main function in vivo is to inhibit intramuscular adipogenesis, both through a cell-autonomous and a cell-cell interaction mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- Division of Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Tim J Schulz
- 1] Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2]
| | - Ariane Beauvais
- 1] Division of Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2]
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Emanuela Gussoni
- Division of Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lawlor MW, Viola MG, Meng H, Edelstein RV, Liu F, Yan K, Luna EJ, Lerch-Gaggl A, Hoffmann RG, Pierson CR, Buj-Bello A, Lachey JL, Pearsall S, Yang L, Hillard CJ, Beggs AH. Differential muscle hypertrophy is associated with satellite cell numbers and Akt pathway activation following activin type IIB receptor inhibition in Mtm1 p.R69C mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1831-42. [PMID: 24726641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy is a congenital myopathy caused by deficiency of myotubularin. Patients often present with severe perinatal weakness, requiring mechanical ventilation to prevent death from respiratory failure. We recently reported that an activin receptor type IIB inhibitor produced hypertrophy of type 2b myofibers and modest increases of strength and life span in the severely myopathic Mtm1δ4 mouse model of X-linked myotubular myopathy. We have now performed a similar study in the less severely symptomatic Mtm1 p.R69C mouse in hopes of finding greater treatment efficacy. Activin receptor type IIB inhibitor treatment of Mtm1 p.R69C animals produced behavioral and histological evidence of hypertrophy in gastrocnemius muscles but not in quadriceps or triceps. The ability of the muscles to respond to activin receptor type IIB inhibitor treatment correlated with treatment-induced increases in satellite cell number and several muscle-specific abnormalities of hypertrophic signaling. Treatment-responsive Mtm1 p.R69C gastrocnemius muscles displayed lower levels of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 and higher levels of phosphorylated eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase than were observed in Mtm1 p.R69C quadriceps muscle or in muscles from wild-type littermates. Hypertrophy in the Mtm1 p.R69C gastrocnemius muscle was associated with increased levels of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6. Our findings indicate that muscle-, fiber type-, and mutation-specific factors affect the response to hypertrophic therapies that will be important to assess in future therapeutic trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Lawlor
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Marissa G Viola
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hui Meng
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Rachel V Edelstein
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fujun Liu
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Departments of Biostatistics and Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Ke Yan
- Quantitative Health Sciences Section, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Elizabeth J Luna
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandra Lerch-Gaggl
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Raymond G Hoffmann
- Quantitative Health Sciences Section, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Anna Buj-Bello
- Department of Research and Development, Généthon, INSERM, Evry, France
| | | | | | - Lin Yang
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Departments of Biostatistics and Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Cecilia J Hillard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gupta V, Ravenscroft G, Shaheen R, Todd E, Swanson L, Shiina M, Ogata K, Hsu C, Clarke N, Darras B, Farrar M, Hashem A, Manton N, Muntoni F, North K, Sandaradura S, Nishino I, Hayashi Y, Sewry C, Thompson E, Yau K, Brownstein C, Yu T, Allcock R, Davis M, Wallgren-Pettersson C, Matsumoto N, Alkuraya F, Laing N, Beggs A. Identification of KLHL41 Mutations Implicates BTB-Kelch-Mediated Ubiquitination as an Alternate Pathway to Myofibrillar Disruption in Nemaline Myopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:1108-17. [PMID: 24268659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nemaline myopathy (NM) is a rare congenital muscle disorder primarily affecting skeletal muscles that results in neonatal death in severe cases as a result of associated respiratory insufficiency. NM is thought to be a disease of sarcomeric thin filaments as six of eight known genes whose mutation can cause NM encode components of that structure, however, recent discoveries of mutations in non-thin filament genes has called this model in question. We performed whole-exome sequencing and have identified recessive small deletions and missense changes in the Kelch-like family member 41 gene (KLHL41) in four individuals from unrelated NM families. Sanger sequencing of 116 unrelated individuals with NM identified compound heterozygous changes in KLHL41 in a fifth family. Mutations in KLHL41 showed a clear phenotype-genotype correlation: Frameshift mutations resulted in severe phenotypes with neonatal death, whereas missense changes resulted in impaired motor function with survival into late childhood and/or early adulthood. Functional studies in zebrafish showed that loss of Klhl41 results in highly diminished motor function and myofibrillar disorganization, with nemaline body formation, the pathological hallmark of NM. These studies expand the genetic heterogeneity of NM and implicate a critical role of BTB-Kelch family members in maintenance of sarcomeric integrity in NM.
Collapse
|
27
|
Wu MP, Doyle JR, Barry B, Beauvais A, Rozkalne A, Piao X, Lawlor MW, Kopin AS, Walsh CA, Gussoni E. G-protein coupled receptor 56 promotes myoblast fusion through serum response factor- and nuclear factor of activated T-cell-mediated signalling but is not essential for muscle development in vivo. FEBS J 2013; 280:6097-113. [PMID: 24102982 PMCID: PMC3877849 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian muscle cell differentiation is a complex process of multiple steps for which many of the factors involved have not yet been defined. In a screen to identify the regulators of myogenic cell fusion, we found that the gene for G-protein coupled receptor 56 (GPR56) was transiently up-regulated during the early fusion of human myoblasts. Human mutations in the gene for GPR56 cause the disease bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria; however, the consequences of receptor dysfunction on muscle development have not been explored. Using knockout mice, we defined the role of GPR56 in skeletal muscle. GPR56(-/-) myoblasts have decreased fusion and smaller myotube sizes in culture. In addition, a loss of GPR56 expression in muscle cells results in decreases or delays in the expression of myogenic differentiation 1, myogenin and nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT)c2. Our data suggest that these abnormalities result from decreased GPR56-mediated serum response element and NFAT signalling. Despite these changes, no overt differences in phenotype were identified in the muscle of GPR56 knockout mice, which presented only a mild but statistically significant elevation of serum creatine kinase compared to wild-type. In agreement with these findings, clinical data from 13 bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria patients revealed mild serum creatine kinase increase in only two patients. In summary, targeted disruption of GPR56 in mice results in myoblast abnormalities. The absence of a severe muscle phenotype in GPR56 knockout mice and human patients suggests that other factors may compensate for the lack of this G-protein coupled receptor during muscle development and that the motor delay observed in these patients is likely not a result of primary muscle abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa P. Wu
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamie R. Doyle
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Brenda Barry
- Division of Genetics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Ariane Beauvais
- Division of Genetics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Anete Rozkalne
- Division of Genetics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Xianhua Piao
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael W. Lawlor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226, USA
| | - Alan S. Kopin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Christopher A. Walsh
- Division of Genetics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Emanuela Gussoni
- Division of Genetics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jungbluth H, Wallgren-Pettersson C, Laporte JF. 198th ENMC International Workshop: 7th Workshop on Centronuclear (Myotubular) myopathies, 31st May - 2nd June 2013, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2013; 23:1033-43. [PMID: 24070817 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology - Neuromuscular Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; Randall Division for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, London, UK; Clinical Neuroscience Division, King's College, London, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sloboda DD, Brooks SV. Reactive oxygen species generation is not different during isometric and lengthening contractions of mouse muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R832-9. [PMID: 23948772 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00299.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles can be injured by lengthening contractions, when the muscles are stretched while activated. Lengthening contractions produce structural damage that leads to the degeneration and regeneration of damaged muscle fibers by mechanisms that have not been fully elucidated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated at the time of injury may initiate degenerative or regenerative processes. In the present study we hypothesized that lengthening contractions that damage the muscle would generate more ROS than isometric contractions that do not cause damage. To test our hypothesis, we subjected muscles of mice to lengthening contractions or isometric contractions and simultaneously monitored intracellular ROS generation with the fluorescent indicator 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (CM-DCFH), which is oxidized by ROS to form the fluorescent product CM-DCF. We found that CM-DCF fluorescence was not different during or shortly after lengthening contractions compared with isometric controls, regardless of the amount of stretch and damage that occurred during the lengthening contractions. The only exception was that after severe stretches, the increase in CM-DCF fluorescence was impaired. We conclude that lengthening contractions that damage the muscle do not generate more ROS than isometric contractions that do not cause damage. The implication is that ROS generated at the time of injury are not the initiating signals for subsequent degenerative or regenerative processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darcée D Sloboda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shichiji M, Biancalana V, Fardeau M, Hogrel JY, Osawa M, Laporte J, Romero NB. Extensive morphological and immunohistochemical characterization in myotubular myopathy. Brain Behav 2013; 3:476-86. [PMID: 24381816 PMCID: PMC3869686 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) also called X-linked centronuclear myopathy is a rare congenital myopathy due to mutations in the MTM 1 gene encoding myotubularin. The disease gives rise to a severe muscle weakness in males at birth. The main muscle morphological characteristics (significant number of small muscle fibers with centralized nuclei and type 1 fiber predominance) are usually documented, but the sequence of formation and maintenance of this particular morphological pattern has not been extensively characterized in humans. In this study, we perform a reevaluation of morphological changes in skeletal muscle biopsies in severe XLMTM. We correlate the pathologic features observed in the muscle biopsies of 15 newborns with MTM 1-mutations according to the "adjusted-age" at the time of muscle biopsy, focusing on sequential analysis in the early period of the life (from 34 weeks of gestation to 3 months of age). We found a similar morphological pattern throughout the period analyzed; the proportion of myofibers with central nuclei was high in all muscle biopsies, independently of the muscle type, the age of the newborns at time of biopsy and the specific MTM 1 mutation. We did not observe a period free of morphological abnormalities in human skeletal muscle as observed in myotubularin-deficient mouse models. In addition, this study demonstrated some features of delayed maturation of the muscle fibers without any increase in the number of satellite cells, associated with a marked disorganization of the muscle T-tubules and cytoskeletal network in the skeletal muscle fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minobu Shichiji
- Unité de Morphologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie GHU La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France ; Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Woman's Medical University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Valérie Biancalana
- Department of Translational Medecine, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS, UMR7104, INSERM, U964, Collège de France, Université de Strasbourg Illkirch, France ; Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique, Faculté de Médecine - CHRU Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Fardeau
- Unité de Morphologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie GHU La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France ; Groupe Hospitalier-Universitaire La Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Paris-Est, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Hogrel
- UPMC-Paris6 UR76, INSERM UMR974, CNRS UMR 7215, Institut de Myologie GHU La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Makiko Osawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Woman's Medical University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medecine, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS, UMR7104, INSERM, U964, Collège de France, Université de Strasbourg Illkirch, France
| | - Norma Beatriz Romero
- Unité de Morphologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie GHU La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France ; Groupe Hospitalier-Universitaire La Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Paris-Est, Paris, France ; UPMC-Paris6 UR76, INSERM UMR974, CNRS UMR 7215, Institut de Myologie GHU La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Joubert R, Vignaud A, Le M, Moal C, Messaddeq N, Buj-Bello A. Site-specific Mtm1 mutagenesis by an AAV-Cre vector reveals that myotubularin is essential in adult muscle. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:1856-66. [PMID: 23390130 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of the mouse genome by site-specific mutagenesis has been extensively used to study gene function and model human disorders. Mouse models of myotubular myopathy (XLMTM), a severe congenital muscular disorder due to loss-of-function mutations in the MTM1 gene, have been generated by homologous recombination and shown that myotubularin is essential for skeletal muscle. However, since the Mtm1 deletion occurred constitutively or shortly after birth in these mice, it is not known whether myotubularin is required during adulthood, an important issue in the context of not only muscle biology but also therapies. To delete the Mtm1 gene in adult muscle fibers, we constructed a recombinant adeno-associated vector (AAV) that expresses the Cre recombinase under the muscle-specific desmin promoter. We report that a single injection of this vector into muscles of 3-month-old Mtm1 conditional mice leads to a myotubular myopathy phenotype with myofiber atrophy, disorganization of organelle positioning, such as mitochondria and nuclei, T-tubule defects and severe muscle weakness. In addition, our results show that MTM1-related atrophy and dysfunction correlate with abnormalities in satellite cell number and markers of autophagy, protein synthesis and neuromuscular junction transmission. The expression level of atrogenes was also analyzed. Therefore, we provide a valuable tissue model that recapitulates the main features of the disease, and it is useful to study pathogenesis and evaluate therapeutic strategies. We establish the proof-of-concept that myotubularin is required for the proper function of skeletal muscle during adulthood, suggesting that therapies will be required for the entire life of XLMTM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Joubert
- Department of Research and Development, Généthon, INSERM, Evry, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lawlor MW, Armstrong D, Viola MG, Widrick JJ, Meng H, Grange RW, Childers MK, Hsu CP, O'Callaghan M, Pierson CR, Buj-Bello A, Beggs AH. Enzyme replacement therapy rescues weakness and improves muscle pathology in mice with X-linked myotubular myopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:1525-38. [PMID: 23307925 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
No effective treatment exists for patients with X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM), a fatal congenital muscle disease caused by deficiency of the lipid phosphatase, myotubularin. The Mtm1δ4 and Mtm1 p.R69C mice model severely and moderately symptomatic XLMTM, respectively, due to differences in the degree of myotubularin deficiency. Contractile function of intact extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles from Mtm1δ4 mice, which produce no myotubularin, is markedly impaired. Contractile forces generated by chemically skinned single fiber preparations from Mtm1δ4 muscle were largely preserved, indicating that weakness was largely due to impaired excitation contraction coupling. Mtm1 p.R69C mice, which produce small amounts of myotubularin, showed impaired contractile function only in EDL muscles. Short-term replacement of myotubularin with a prototypical targeted protein replacement agent (3E10Fv-MTM1) in Mtm1δ4 mice improved contractile function and muscle pathology. These promising findings suggest that even low levels of myotubularin protein replacement can improve the muscle weakness and reverse the pathology that characterizes XLMTM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Lawlor
- Division of Genetics and Program in Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|