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Supino D, Minute L, Mariancini A, Riva F, Magrini E, Garlanda C. Negative Regulation of the IL-1 System by IL-1R2 and IL-1R8: Relevance in Pathophysiology and Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:804641. [PMID: 35211118 PMCID: PMC8861086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.804641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a primary cytokine of innate immunity and inflammation. IL-1 belongs to a complex family including ligands with agonist activity, receptor antagonists, and an anti-inflammatory cytokine. The receptors for these ligands, the IL-1 Receptor (IL-1R) family, include signaling receptor complexes, decoy receptors, and negative regulators. Agonists and regulatory molecules co-evolved, suggesting the evolutionary relevance of a tight control of inflammatory responses, which ensures a balance between amplification of innate immunity and uncontrolled inflammation. IL-1 family members interact with innate immunity cells promoting innate immunity, as well as with innate and adaptive lymphoid cells, contributing to their differentiation and functional polarization and plasticity. Here we will review the properties of two key regulatory receptors of the IL-1 system, IL-1R2, the first decoy receptor identified, and IL-1R8, a pleiotropic regulator of different IL-1 family members and co-receptor for IL-37, the anti-inflammatory member of the IL-1 family. Their complex impact in pathology, ranging from infections and inflammatory responses, to cancer and neurologic disorders, as well as clinical implications and potential therapeutic exploitation will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Supino
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Luna Minute
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Andrea Mariancini
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Federica Riva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Magrini
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
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2
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Zhang F, Liu E, Radaic A, Yu X, Yang S, Yu C, Xiao S, Ye C. Diagnostic potential and future directions of matrix metalloproteinases as biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid of oral and systemic diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:180-196. [PMID: 34339782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a physiological fluid and an inflammatory serum exudate derived from the gingival plexus of blood vessels and mixed with host tissues and subgingival plaque flows. In addition to proteins, GCF contains a diverse population of cells, including desquamated epithelial cells, cytokines, electrolytes, and bacteria from adjacent plaques. Recently, matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs), which are endopeptidases that are active against extracellular macromolecules, in GCF have been revealed as potential utility biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of oral and systemic diseases, thereby facilitating the early evaluation of malignancy risk and the monitoring of disease progression and treatment response. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are specific inhibitors of matrixins that participate in the regulation of local activities of MMPs in tissues. This review provides an overview of the latest findings on the diagnostic and prognostic values of MMPs and TIMPs in GCF of oral and systemic diseases, including periodontal disease, pulpitis, peri-implantitis and cardiovascular disease as well as the extraction, detection and analytical methods for GCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Physical Examination Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Enyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Allan Radaic
- School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shimeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Changchang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Anshida VP, Kumari RA, Murthy CS, Samuel A. Extracellular matrix degradation by host matrix metalloproteinases in restorative dentistry and endodontics: An overview. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 24:352-360. [PMID: 33456247 PMCID: PMC7802866 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_34_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of over 25 secreted and membrane-bound enzymes responsible for pericellular substrate degeneration. In response to injury, they play key roles in morphogenesis, wound healing, tissue repair and remodeling. They have been isolated from dentin, odontoblasts, pulp and periapical tissue. They play a major role in the formation of dentin matrix and secondary and tertiary dentin. These are also responsible for releasing dentinal growth factors. MMP family proteins elicit a dual role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, stimulating protective innate and/or adaptive immune functions, as well as tissue destruction. The main organic component of tooth structure is collagen, and MMPs that degrade collagen and the extracellular matrix have been implicated in the progression of dental caries, dental erosion as well as degradation of the hybrid layer. MMPs have also been shown to be active in pulpitis, and studies have shown that they can be used as diagnostic markers of pulpal and periapical inflammation. This review describes the role of MMPs in dental caries, dental erosion, bond stability as well as in pulpal and periapical inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Anshida
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - R Anitha Kumari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chethana S Murthy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Anoop Samuel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Noorul Islam College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Jin T, Zhu L, Bai M, He X, Wang L, Yuan D, Li S, He Y. Association between the IL1R2 rs2072472 polymorphism and high-altitude pulmonary edema risk. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e542. [PMID: 30672138 PMCID: PMC6418374 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim High‐altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), as a multifactorial disease, is caused by stress failure and involves both environmental and genetic factors. Study shows that IL‐1 receptors can selectively decrease the oxygen arterial hypertension and influence the blood coagulation. So we evaluated whether genetic polymorphisms in IL1R1 and 1L1R2 genes are associated with the risk of HAPE in Chinese Han population. Methods Ten susceptible SNPs in the IL1R1 and IL1R2 genes were genotyped among 265 HAPE cases and 303 controls using the Agena MassARRAY platform. The associations of the SNP frequencies with HAPE were analyzed by chi‐square (χ2) test/Fisher's test. The genetic models were used to evaluate associations. Results In the allele model, we found that rs2072472 was significantly associated with a 0.73‐fold decreased risk of HAPE (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.55–0.97, p = 0.033). In the genetic model analysis, the rs2072472 in IL1R2 gene was associated with a 0.32‐fold decreased risk of HAPE in the codominant model, 0.67‐fold decreased risk of HAPE in the dominant model, 0.36‐fold decreasing the risk of HAPE in the recessive model, and 0.66‐fold decreased risk of HAPE in the log‐additive model, respectively. We found three candidate SNPs (rs11674595, rs4851527, and rs719250) in the IL1R2 gene have shown strong linkage, and none of the haplotypes was significantly associated with risk of HAPE. Conclusion These findings suggested that IL1R2 polymorphisms may contribute to the protection of HAPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyan, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyan, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyan, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyan, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mei Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyan, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyan, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyan, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyan, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyan, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyan, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongya Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyan, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyan, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shanqu Li
- Medical Examination Center of Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongjun He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyan, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyan, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
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Bałkowiec M, Maksym RB, Włodarski PK. The bimodal role of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in etiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3123-3136. [PMID: 30066912 PMCID: PMC6102659 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may be the primary cause of endometrial lesion formation in a group of predisposed women. Prospect for the genuine origin of endometriosis is ongoing, since retrograde menstruation leads to presence of endometrial debris in peritoneal cavity of many women, which do not experience endometriosis. Tissue remodeling is regulated precisely by a balance of MMPs and their inhibitors. Interplay between factors enhancing and suppressing matrix turnover is crucial for cyclic preparation of endometrium for embryo implantation, and endometrial shedding and renewal in physiology of primates. Disorders of the regulation of matrix remodeling leads to augmentation of implantation and invasive growth of ectopic endometrial tissue. Moreover, endometriosis-induced changes in the matrix balance leads to adhesion formation, ovulatory dysfunction and fertility impairment. The review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the regulation of extracellular matrix turnover in the physiology of the endometrial cycle and in the development of endometriosis, as well as the pathophysiology of ovulatory dysfunction in endometriotic women. Therapeutic modalities utilizing modulation of tissue remodeling were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalenia Bałkowiec
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radosław B Maksym
- Center for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł K Włodarski
- Center for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Molgora M, Supino D, Mantovani A, Garlanda C. Tuning inflammation and immunity by the negative regulators IL-1R2 and IL-1R8. Immunol Rev 2018; 281:233-247. [PMID: 29247989 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor family members (ILRs) and Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) are key players in immunity and inflammation and are tightly regulated at different levels. Most cell types, including cells of the innate and adaptive immune system express ILRs and TLRs. In addition, IL-1 family members are emerging as key players in the differentiation and function of innate and adaptive lymphoid cells. IL-1R2 and IL-1R8 (also known as TIR8 or SIGIRR) are members of the ILR family acting as negative regulators of the IL-1 system. IL-1R2 binds IL-1 and the accessory protein IL-1RAcP without activating signaling and can be released as a soluble form (sIL-1R2), thus modulating IL-1 availability for the signaling receptor. IL-1R8 dampens ILR- and TLR-mediated cell activation and it is a component of the receptor recognizing human IL-37. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the structure and function of IL-1R2 and IL-1R8, focusing on their role in different pathological conditions, ranging from infectious and sterile inflammation, to autoimmunity and cancer-related inflammation. We also address the emerging evidence regarding the role of IL-1R8 as a crucial checkpoint molecule in NK cells in anti-cancer and antiviral activity and the potential therapeutic implications of IL-1R8 blockade in specific pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Molgora
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Domenico Supino
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (Milano), Italy.,The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (Milano), Italy
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7
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Guo SW, Groothuis PG. Is it time for a paradigm shift in drug research and development in endometriosis/adenomyosis? Hum Reprod Update 2018; 24:577-598. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Patrick G Groothuis
- Principal Scientist Pharmacology, Preclinical Department, Synthon Biopharmaceuticals bv, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Choi HJ, Park MJ, Kim BS, Choi HJ, Joo B, Lee KS, Choi JH, Chung TW, Ha KT. Transforming growth factor β1 enhances adhesion of endometrial cells to mesothelium by regulating integrin expression. BMB Rep 2018; 50:429-434. [PMID: 28760197 PMCID: PMC5595173 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.8.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is the abnormal growth of endometrial cells outside the uterus, causing pelvic pain and infertility. Furthermore, adhesion of endometrial tissue fragments to pelvic mesothelium is required for the initial step of endometriosis formation outside uterus. TGF-β1 and adhesion molecules importantly function for adhesion of endometrial tissue fragments to mesothelium outside uterus. However, the function of TGF-β1 on the regulation of adhesion molecule expression for adhesion of endometrial tissue fragments to mesothelium has not been fully elucidated. Interestingly, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) expression was higher in endome-triotic epithelial cells than in normal endometrial cells. The adhesion efficiency of endometriotic epithelial cells to meso-thelial cells was also higher than that of normal endometrial cells. Moreover, TGF-β1 directly induced the adhesion of endometrial cells to mesothelial cells through the regulation of integrin of αV, α6, β1, and β4 via the activation of the TGF-β1/TGF-βRI/Smad2 signaling pathway. Conversely, the adhesion of TGF-β1-stimulated endometrial cells to mesothelial cells was clearly reduced following treatment with neutralizing antibodies against specific TGF-β1-mediated integrins αV, β1, and β4 on the endometrial cell membrane. Taken together, these results suggest that TGF-β1 may act to promote the initiation of endometriosis by enhancing integrin-mediated cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jung Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Mi-Ju Park
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Bo-Sung Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center and Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center and Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Bosun Joo
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Kyu Sup Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Chung
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center and Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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Bonecchi R, Garlanda C, Mantovani A, Riva F. Cytokine decoy and scavenger receptors as key regulators of immunity and inflammation. Cytokine 2016; 87:37-45. [PMID: 27498604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IL-1R2 was the first decoy receptor to be described. Subsequently receptors which act as pure decoys or scavengers or trigger dampening of cytokine signaling have been described for cytokines and chemokines. Here we review the current understanding of the mode of action and significance in pathology of the chemokine atypical receptor ACKR2, the IL-1 decoy receptor IL-1R2 and the atypical IL-1 receptor family IL-1R8. Decoy and scavenger receptors with no or atypical signaling have emerged as a general strategy conserved in evolution to tune the action of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Bonecchi
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; Humanitas University, via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; Humanitas University, via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy.
| | - Federica Riva
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
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Jain A, Bahuguna R. Role of matrix metalloproteinases in dental caries, pulp and periapical inflammation: An overview. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2015; 5:212-8. [PMID: 26605147 PMCID: PMC4623218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of more than 25 secreted and membrane bound enzymes that represent class of enzymes responsible for degradation of pericellular substrates. They have been isolated from dentine, odontoblasts, pulp and periapical tissue. They play an important role in dentine matrix formation, modulating caries progression and secondary dentine formation. Earlier microbial proteolytic enzymes were believed to be responsible for degradation of dentine organic matrix, but lately the accumulated body of evidence suggests that MMPs have an important role in the process. During normal tissue modelling, differentiation during development, in modulating the cell behaviour, maintaining homeostasis and in numerous extracellular pathologic conditions, MMPs tends to be an equally important participant. Odontoblasts secrete some of the essential MMPs for both physiologic and pathologic conditions. MMPs also appear to be a participant in the process of reversible and irreversible pulpitis. Although they tend to have low expression and activity in adult tissues but at the onset of any destructive pathologic process, their production shoots up. They appear to have a significant presence during times of inflammation in the periapical region as well. We take a look at the various factors and evidence pointing towards the role of MMPs in the progression of caries, pulpal and periapical inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Jain
- Professor & HOD, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Rungta College of Dental Sciences & Research, Bhilai, India
| | - Rachana Bahuguna
- Professor & HOD, Department of Pedodontics, Rungta College of Dental Sciences & Research, Bhilai, India
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11
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Abnormal Expression of Prostaglandins E2 and F2α Receptors and Transporters in Patients with Endometriosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:808146. [PMID: 26240828 PMCID: PMC4512562 DOI: 10.1155/2015/808146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the level of expression of prostaglandin receptivity and uptake factors in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. Design. Prospective study. Setting. Human reproduction research laboratory. Patients. Seventy-eight patients with endometriosis and thirty healthy control subjects. Intervention(s). Endometrial and endometriotic tissue samples were obtained during laparoscopic surgery. Main Outcome Measure(s). Real-time polymerase chain reaction assay of mRNA encoding prostaglandin E2 receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4), prostaglandin F2α receptor (FP), prostaglandin transporter (PGT), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4); immunohistochemical localization of expressed proteins. Results. Marked increases in receptors EP3, EP4, and FP and transporters PGT and MRP4 in ectopic endometrial tissue were noted, without noticeable change associated with disease stage. An increase in EP3 expression and decreases in FP and PGT were observed in the eutopic endometrium of endometriosis patients in conjunction with the phases of the menstrual cycle. Conclusion(s). This study is the first to demonstrate a possible relationship between endometriosis and enhanced prostaglandin activity. In view of the wide range of prostaglandin functions, increasing cell receptivity and facilitating uptake in endometrial tissue could contribute to the initial steps of overgrowth and have an important role to play in the pathogenesis and symptoms of this disease.
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12
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Freiberger SN, Cheng PF, Iotzova-Weiss G, Neu J, Liu Q, Dziunycz P, Zibert JR, Dummer R, Skak K, Levesque MP, Hofbauer GFL. Ingenol Mebutate Signals via PKC/MEK/ERK in Keratinocytes and Induces Interleukin Decoy Receptors IL1R2 and IL13RA2. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2132-42. [PMID: 26116359 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0023-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common human skin cancer and the second leading cause of skin cancer-related death. Recently, a new compound, ingenol mebutate, was approved for treatment of actinic keratosis, a precursor of SCC. As the mechanism of action is poorly understood, we have further investigated the mechanism of ingenol mebutate-induced cell death. We elucidate direct effects of ingenol mebutate on primary keratinocytes, patient-derived SCC cells, and a SCC cell line. Transcriptional profiling followed by pathway analysis was performed on ingenol mebutate-treated primary keratinocytes and patient-derived SCC cells to find key mediators and identify the mechanism of action. Activation of the resulting pathways was confirmed in cells and human skin explants and supported by a phosphorylation screen of treated primary cells. The necessity of these pathways was demonstrated by inhibition of certain pathway components. Ingenol mebutate inhibited viability and proliferation of all keratinocyte-derived cells in a biphasic manner. Transcriptional profiling identified the involvement of PKC/MEK/ERK signaling in the mechanism of action and inhibition of this signaling pathway rescued ingenol mebutate-induced cell death after treatment with 100 nmol/L ingenol mebutate, the optimal concentration for the first peak of response. We found the interleukin decoy receptors IL1R2 and IL13RA2 induced by ingenol mebutate in a PKC/MEK/ERK-dependent manner. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of IL1R2 and IL13RA2 partially rescued ingenol mebutate-treated cells. In conclusion, we have shown that ingenol mebutate-induced cell death is mediated through the PKCδ/MEK/ERK pathway, and we have functionally linked the downstream induction of IL1R2 and IL13RA2 expression to the reduced viability of ingenol mebutate-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Johannes Neu
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Qinxiu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Dziunycz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
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Che XH, Chen YC, Chen CL, Ye XL, Zhu H. Non-hormonal targets underlying endometriosis: A focus on molecular mechanisms. Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 82:410-31. [PMID: 25982890 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-hang Che
- Division of Drugs and Pharmacology; Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences; Ningbo China
- College of Chemistry and Bio-engineering; Yichun University; Yichun China
- Cancer Institute; Yinzhou People's Hospital; Ningbo China
| | - Yi-chen Chen
- Division of Drugs and Pharmacology; Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences; Ningbo China
| | - Chun-lin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Bio-engineering; Yichun University; Yichun China
| | - Xiao-lei Ye
- Division of Drugs and Pharmacology; Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences; Ningbo China
- Cancer Institute; Yinzhou People's Hospital; Ningbo China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo China
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Goda S, Kato Y, Domae E, Hayashi H, Tani-Ishii N, Iida J, Ikeo T. Effects of JNK1/2 on the inflammation cytokine TNF-α-enhanced production of MMP-3 in human dental pulp fibroblast-like cells. Int Endod J 2014; 48:1122-8. [PMID: 25393585 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1/2) on the inflammation cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-enhanced production of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in human dental pulp fibroblast-like cells (HPFs). METHODOLOGY HPFs were grown from pulp explants from healthy donors. Primary cultures were established by culturing the cells for 20 to 30 days. The experiments with HPFs were performed between passages 3 and 10. The HPFs were incubated in serum-free medium containing TNF-α for 24 h. The medium in each well was prepared in SDS sample buffer and was analysed for MMP-3 by Western blotting. RESULTS JNK inhibitor SP601245 markedly inhibited the production of MMP-3 in TNF-α-stimulated human dental pulp fibroblasts. MMP-3 production was enhanced by TNF-α in HPFs; silencing JNK1 and JNK2 expression inhibited this activation. cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) was activated by TNF-α in HPFs; silencing JNK1 and JNK2 expression inhibited this activation. CONCLUSION The activation of CREB via JNK pathways in the presence of TNF-α occurred with enhancement of MMP-3 production in dental pulp fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goda
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Y Kato
- Department of Endodontics, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - E Domae
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - H Hayashi
- Department of Endodontics, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - N Tani-Ishii
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - J Iida
- Department of Cell Biology, Windber Research Institute, Windber, USA
| | - T Ikeo
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
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15
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Khoufache K, Akoum A. [shrIL1R2, a potential candidate to treat endometriosis]. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:1097-8. [PMID: 24356139 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20132912012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Khoufache
- Endocrinologie de la reproduction, Centre de recherche, hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, CHUQ
| | - Ali Akoum
- Endocrinologie de la reproduction, Centre de recherche, hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, CHUQ - Département d'obstétrique et gynécologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, 10, rue de l'Espinay, local D0-711, Québec (Québec), G1L 3L5, Canada
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Abstract
The IL-1 family of ligands and receptors has a central role in both innate and adaptive immune responses and is tightly controlled by antagonists, decoy receptors, scavengers, dominant negative molecules, miRNAs and other mechanisms, acting extracellularly or intracellularly. During evolution, the development of multiple mechanisms of negative regulation reveals the need for tight control of the biological consequences of IL-1 family ligands in order to balance local and systemic inflammation and limit immunopathology. Indeed, studies with gene targeted mice for negative regulators and genetic studies in humans provide evidence for their non-redundant role in controlling inflammation, tissue damage and adaptive responses. In addition, studies have revealed the need of negative regulation of the IL-1 family not only in disease, but also in homeostatic conditions. In this review, the negative regulation mediated by decoy receptors are presented and include IL-1R2 and IL-IL-18BP as well as atypical receptors, which include TIR8/SIGIRR, IL-1RAcPb, TIGIRR-1 and IL-1RAPL. Particular emphasis is given to IL-1R2, since its discovery is the basis for the formulation of the decoy paradigm, now considered a general strategy to counter the primary inflammatory activities of cytokines and chemokines. Emphasis is also given to TIR8, a prototypical negative regulatory receptor having non-redundant roles in limiting inflammation and adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Garlanda
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Rozzano, Italy.
| | - Federica Riva
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bonavita
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
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17
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Abstract
The cytokine IL-1 is critical to the pathogenesis of a variety of human conditions and diseases. Unlike most other cytokines, IL-1 is counterbalanced by two endogenous inhibitors. The functional significance of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) is well documented due to the clinical utilization of the recombinant human IL-1RA analog, anakinra. In contrast, much less is known about the type 2 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R2), which acts as a decoy receptor for IL-1. While IL-1R2 is structurally similar to the type 1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1) responsible for IL-1 signal transduction, its truncated cytoplasmic domain and lack of Toll-IL-1 receptor (TIR) region renders IL-1R2 incapable of transmembrane signaling. IL-1R2 competes with IL-1R1 for ligands and for the IL-1R1 co-receptor, IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAP). Additionally, IL-1R2 exists in both a membrane bound and soluble form (sIL-1R2) that has biological properties similar to both a decoy receptor and a binding protein. Thus far, IL-1R2 has been implicated in arthritis, endometriosis, organ transplantation, sepsis/sickness behavior, diabetes, atherosclerosis, autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED), Alzheimer's disease and ulcerative colitis. In this review, we will detail the functional properties of IL-1R2 and examine its role in human disease.
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18
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Garlanda C, Riva F, Bonavita E, Gentile S, Mantovani A. Decoys and Regulatory "Receptors" of the IL-1/Toll-Like Receptor Superfamily. Front Immunol 2013; 4:180. [PMID: 23847621 PMCID: PMC3705552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the IL-1 family play a key role in innate and adaptive immunity and in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. Members of IL-1R like receptor (ILR) family include signaling molecules and negative regulators. The latter include decoy receptors (IL-1RII; IL-18BP) and “receptors” with regulatory function (TIR8/SIGIRR; IL-1RAcPb; DIGIRR). Structural considerations suggest that also TIGIRR-1 and IL-1RAPL may have regulatory function. The presence of multiple pathways of negative regulation of members of the IL-1/IL-1R family emphasizes the need for a tight control of members of this fundamental system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano , Italy
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Interplay between Misplaced Müllerian-Derived Stem Cells and Peritoneal Immune Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol Int 2013; 2013:527041. [PMID: 23843796 PMCID: PMC3697788 DOI: 10.1155/2013/527041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the genetic regulation of Müllerian structures development, a key role is played by Hoxa and Wnt clusters, because they lead the transcription of different genes according to the different phases of the organogenesis, addressing correctly cell-to-cell interactions, allowing, finally, the physiologic morphogenesis. Accumulating evidence is suggesting that dysregulation of Wnt and/or Hox genes may affect cell migration during organogenesis and differentiation of Müllerian structures of the female reproductive tract, with possible dislocation and dissemination of primordial endometrial stem cells in ectopic regions, which have high plasticity to differentiation. We hypothesize that during postpubertal age, under the influence of different stimuli, these misplaced and quiescent ectopic endometrial cells could acquire new phenotype, biological functions, and immunogenicity. So, these kinds of cells may differentiate, specializing in epithelium, glands, and stroma to form a functional ectopic endometrial tissue. This may provoke a breakdown in the peritoneal cavity homeostasis, with the consequent processes of immune alteration, documented by peripheral mononuclear cells recruitment and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in early phases and of angiogenic and fibrogenic cytokines in the late stages of the disease.
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