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Rising A, Gherardi P, Chen G, Johansson J, Oskarsson ME, Westermark GT, Westermark P. AA amyloid in human food chain is a possible biohazard. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21069. [PMID: 34702933 PMCID: PMC8548551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00588-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AA amyloidosis can be transmitted experimentally in several mammalian and avian species as well as spontaneously between captive animals, even by oral intake of amyloid seeds. Amyloid seeding can cross species boundaries, and fibrils of one kind of amyloid protein may also seed other types. Here we show that meat from Swedish and Italian cattle for consumption by humans often contains AA amyloid and that bovine AA fibrils efficiently cross-seed human amyloid β peptide, associated with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rising
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paola Gherardi
- Unità Operativa Igiene Degli Alimenti Di Origine Animale, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Di Piacenza, Piazzale Milano, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gefei Chen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Marie E Oskarsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Per Westermark
- Rudbeck Laboratory, C11, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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Nevone A, Merlini G, Nuvolone M. Treating Protein Misfolding Diseases: Therapeutic Successes Against Systemic Amyloidoses. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1024. [PMID: 32754033 PMCID: PMC7366848 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolding and extracellular deposition of proteins is the hallmark of a heterogeneous group of conditions collectively termed protein misfolding and deposition diseases or amyloidoses. These include both localized (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease, prion diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus) and systemic amyloidoses. Historically regarded as a group of maladies with limited, even inexistent, therapeutic options, some forms of systemic amyloidoses have recently witnessed a series of unparalleled therapeutic successes, positively impacting on their natural history and sometimes even on their incidence. In this review article we will revisit the most relevant of these accomplishments. Collectively, current evidence converges towards a crucial role of an early and conspicuous reduction or stabilization of the amyloid-forming protein in its native conformation. Such an approach can reduce disease incidence in at risk individuals, limit organ function deterioration, promote organ function recovery, improve quality of life and extend survival in diseased subjects. Therapeutic success achieved in these forms of systemic amyloidoses may guide the research on other protein misfolding and deposition diseases for which effective etiologic therapeutic options are still absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Nevone
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Nuvolone
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Vahdat Shariat Panahi A, Hultman P, Öllinger K, Westermark GT, Lundmark K. Lipid membranes accelerate amyloid formation in the mouse model of AA amyloidosis. Amyloid 2019; 26:34-44. [PMID: 30929476 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2019.1576606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AA amyloidosis develops as a result of prolonged inflammation and is characterized by deposits of N-terminal proteolytic fragments of the acute phase reactant serum amyloid A (SAA). Macrophages are usually found adjacent to amyloid, suggesting their involvement in the formation and/or degradation of the amyloid fibrils. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that lipid membranes accelerate the fibrillation of different amyloid proteins. METHODS Using an experimental mouse model of AA amyloidosis, we compared the amyloidogenic effect of liposomes and/or amyloid-enhancing factor (AEF). Inflammation was induced by subcutaneous injection of silver nitrate followed by intravenous injection of liposomes and/or AEF to accelerate amyloid formation. RESULTS We showed that liposomes accelerate amyloid formation in inflamed mice, but the amyloidogenic effect of liposomes was weaker compared with AEF. Regardless of the induction method, amyloid deposits were mainly found in the marginal zones of the spleen and coincided with the depletion of marginal zone macrophages, while red pulp macrophages and metallophilic marginal zone macrophages proved insensitive to amyloid deposition. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that increased intracellular lipid content facilitates AA amyloid fibril formation and show that the mouse model of AA amyloidosis is a suitable system for further mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Vahdat Shariat Panahi
- a Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden.,b Departments of Clinical Pathology and Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Per Hultman
- c Molecular and Immunological Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Karin Öllinger
- a Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | | | - Katarzyna Lundmark
- a Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden.,b Departments of Clinical Pathology and Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
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Yang M, Liu Y, Dai J, Li L, Ding X, Xu Z, Mori M, Miyahara H, Sawashita J, Higuchi K. Apolipoprotein A-II induces acute-phase response associated AA amyloidosis in mice through conformational changes of plasma lipoprotein structure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5620. [PMID: 29618729 PMCID: PMC5884826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During acute-phase response (APR), there is a dramatic increase in serum amyloid A (SAA) in plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL). Elevated SAA leads to reactive AA amyloidosis in animals and humans. Herein, we employed apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II) deficient (Apoa2 -/- ) and transgenic (Apoa2Tg) mice to investigate the potential roles of ApoA-II in lipoprotein particle formation and progression of AA amyloidosis during APR. AA amyloid deposition was suppressed in Apoa2 -/- mice compared with wild type (WT) mice. During APR, Apoa2 -/- mice exhibited significant suppression of serum SAA levels and hepatic Saa1 and Saa2 mRNA levels. Pathological investigation showed Apoa2 -/- mice had less tissue damage and less inflammatory cell infiltration during APR. Total lipoproteins were markedly decreased in Apoa2 -/- mice, while the ratio of HDL to low density lipoprotein (LDL) was also decreased. Both WT and Apoa2 -/- mice showed increases in LDL and very large HDL during APR. SAA was distributed more widely in lipoprotein particles ranging from chylomicrons to very small HDL in Apoa2 -/- mice. Our observations uncovered the critical roles of ApoA-II in inflammation, serum lipoprotein stability and AA amyloidosis morbidity, and prompt consideration of therapies for AA and other amyloidoses, whose precursor proteins are associated with circulating HDL particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Yang
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Yingye Liu
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan.,Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Jian Dai
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mori
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan.,Department of Advanced Medicine for Health Promotion, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyahara
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan
| | - Jinko Sawashita
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan.,Department of Biological Science for Intractable Neurological Disease, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Keiichi Higuchi
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan.,Department of Biological Science for Intractable Neurological Disease, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
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Rising A, Cederlund E, Palmberg C, Uhlhorn H, Gaunitz S, Nordling K, Ågren E, Ihse E, Westermark GT, Tjernberg L, Jörnvall H, Johansson J, Westermark P. Systemic AA amyloidosis in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Protein Sci 2017; 26:2312-2318. [PMID: 28791746 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis occurs spontaneously in many mammals and birds, but the prevalence varies considerably among different species, and even among subgroups of the same species. The Blue fox and the Gray fox seem to be resistant to the development of AA amyloidosis, while Island foxes have a high prevalence of the disease. Herein, we report on the identification of AA amyloidosis in the Red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Edman degradation and tandem MS analysis of proteolyzed amyloid protein revealed that the amyloid partly was composed of full-length SAA. Its amino acid sequence was determined and found to consist of 111 amino acid residues. Based on inter-species sequence comparisons we found four residue exchanges (Ser31, Lys63, Leu71, Lys72) between the Red and Blue fox SAAs. Lys63 seems unique to the Red fox SAA. We found no obvious explanation to how these exchanges might correlate with the reported differences in SAA amyloidogenicity. Furthermore, in contrast to fibrils from many other mammalian species, the isolated amyloid fibrils from Red fox did not seed AA amyloidosis in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rising
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 57, Sweden
| | - Ella Cederlund
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Carina Palmberg
- Center of Proteomics Karolinska (PKKI), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Henrik Uhlhorn
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, 751 89, Sweden
| | - Stefan Gaunitz
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 57, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Nordling
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 57, Sweden
| | - Erik Ågren
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, 751 89, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Ihse
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
| | | | - Lars Tjernberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 57, Sweden
| | - Hans Jörnvall
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 57, Sweden
| | - Per Westermark
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
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Watanabe K, Uchida K, Chambers JK, Ushio N, Nakayama H. Deposition, Clearance, and Reinduction of Amyloid A Amyloid in Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Knockout Mice. Vet Pathol 2016; 54:99-110. [PMID: 27565681 DOI: 10.1177/0300985816658772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is characterized by the extracellular deposition of AA amyloid and results in the irreversible dysfunction of parenchymal organs. In experimental models, AA amyloid deposits are cleared following a decrease in circulating serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations. Additional inflammatory stimuli during this recovery process may induce more severe amyloid redeposition. In the present study, we confirmed the deposition, clearance, and reinduction of AA amyloid deposits in interleukin 1 receptor antagonist knockout mice (IL-1raKO) and studied the SAA levels and amyloid-enhancing factor activity based on the time-dependent changes of amyloid deposition. Histopathologically, following initial (day 0) injection of amyloid-enhancing factor in combination with an inflammatory stimulus (silver nitrate [AgNO3]), amyloid deposition peaked by day 20, and its deposition gradually decreased after day 35. SAA concentrations in serum were precipitously elevated on day 1 but returned to normal levels by day 10, whereas the SAA dimer was detected in serum after day 45. An additional AgNO3 injection was administered to mice with amyloidosis on day 5, 10, 35, or 50, and all mice developed large amyloid deposits. Amyloid deposition was most severe in mice treated with AgNO3 on day 35. The inoculation of sera from mice with AA amyloidosis, combined with AgNO3, induced AA amyloidosis. Serum samples collected on days 35 and 50, which contained high concentrations of the SAA dimer, induced amyloidosis in a high proportion (83%) of mice. Therefore, increased SAA and/or its dimer in serum during the recovery process may markedly exacerbate the development of AA amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Watanabe
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Uchida
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J K Chambers
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Ushio
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Nakayama
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Muhammad N, Murakami T, Inoshima Y, Ishiguro N. Long-term kinetics of AA amyloidosis and effects of inflammatory restimulation after disappearance of amyloid depositions in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 181:133-41. [PMID: 25736960 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is characterized by extracellular pathogenic deposition of insoluble fibril protein in various body organs. Deposited amyloid generally remains in a variety of organs for long periods, but its disappearance has been reported after the precursor protein is diminished. The kinetics of AA deposition are not completely understood and, in particular, the roles of cells and cytokines in the deposition and clearance of amyloid remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the disappearance of amyloid depositions in mice over a 1-year period. AA amyloidosis was induced experimentally in mice by injecting amyloid-enhancing factor (AEF) and silver nitrate. Mice were killed at different time-points to examine the occurrence and disappearance of amyloid depositions. Maximum levels of amyloid depositions were observed at 20 days after inoculation. Clearance of amyloid depositions was observed from the 40th day onwards, with only minute traces of amyloid present by 240 days. A second inflammatory stimulus consisting of AEF and silver nitrate was given at 330 or 430 days, after amyloid depositions had disappeared almost completely. After that, serum amyloid A was overproduced and redeposition of amyloid was observed, indicating that all mice were primed for aggressive amyloid depositions. After administration of the inflammatory stimuli, the proinflammatory environment was found to have increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6, while anti-inflammatory conditions were established by IL-10 as regression of amyloid deposition occurred. These results suggest that the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory status have key roles in both amyloid deposition and clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Muhammad
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - T Murakami
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Inoshima
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - N Ishiguro
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Depletion of spleen macrophages delays AA amyloid development: a study performed in the rapid mouse model of AA amyloidosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79104. [PMID: 24236094 PMCID: PMC3827313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AA amyloidosis is a systemic disease that develops secondary to chronic inflammatory diseases Macrophages are often found in the vicinity of amyloid deposits and considered to play a role in both formation and degradation of amyloid fibrils. In spleen reside at least three types of macrophages, red pulp macrophages (RPM), marginal zone macrophages (MZM), metallophilic marginal zone macrophages (MMZM). MMZM and MZM are located in the marginal zone and express a unique collection of scavenger receptors that are involved in the uptake of blood-born particles. The murine AA amyloid model that resembles the human form of the disease has been used to study amyloid effects on different macrophage populations. Amyloid was induced by intravenous injection of amyloid enhancing factor and subcutaneous injections of silver nitrate and macrophages were identified with specific antibodies. We show that MZMs are highly sensitive to amyloid and decrease in number progressively with increasing amyloid load. Total area of MMZMs is unaffected by amyloid but cells are activated and migrate into the white pulp. In a group of mice spleen macrophages were depleted by an intravenous injection of clodronate filled liposomes. Subsequent injections of AEF and silver nitrate showed a sustained amyloid development. RPMs that constitute the majority of macrophages in spleen, appear insensitive to amyloid and do not participate in amyloid formation.
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