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Lesovaya EA, Fetisov TI, Bokhyan BY, Maksimova VP, Kulikov EP, Belitsky GA, Kirsanov KI, Yakubovskaya MG. Genetic, Epigenetic and Transcriptome Alterations in Liposarcoma for Target Therapy Selection. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:271. [PMID: 38254762 PMCID: PMC10813500 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is one of the most common adult soft-tissue sarcomas (STS), characterized by a high diversity of histopathological features as well as to a lesser extent by a spectrum of molecular abnormalities. Current targeted therapies for STS do not include a wide range of drugs and surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for localized disease in all subtypes, while many LPS patients initially present with or ultimately progress to advanced disease that is either unresectable, metastatic or both. The understanding of the molecular characteristics of liposarcoma subtypes is becoming an important option for the detection of new potential targets and development novel, biology-driven therapies for this disease. Innovative therapies have been introduced and they are currently part of preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we provide an analysis of the molecular genetics of liposarcoma followed by a discussion of the specific epigenetic changes in these malignancies. Then, we summarize the peculiarities of the key signaling cascades involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and possible novel therapeutic approaches based on a better understanding of subtype-specific disease biology. Although heterogeneity in liposarcoma genetics and phenotype as well as the associated development of resistance to therapy make difficult the introduction of novel therapeutic targets into the clinic, recently a number of targeted therapy drugs were proposed for LPS treatment. The most promising results were shown for CDK4/6 and MDM2 inhibitors as well as for the multi-kinase inhibitors anlotinib and sunitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Lesovaya
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
- Faculty of Oncology, I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 9 Vysokovol’tnaya St., Ryazan 390026, Russia;
- Laboratory of Single Cell Biology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Timur I. Fetisov
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Beniamin Yu. Bokhyan
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Varvara P. Maksimova
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Evgeny P. Kulikov
- Faculty of Oncology, I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 9 Vysokovol’tnaya St., Ryazan 390026, Russia;
| | - Gennady A. Belitsky
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Kirill I. Kirsanov
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
- Laboratory of Single Cell Biology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Marianna G. Yakubovskaya
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
- Laboratory of Single Cell Biology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
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Costa A, Gozzellino L, Nannini M, Astolfi A, Pantaleo MA, Pasquinelli G. Preclinical Models of Visceral Sarcomas. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1624. [PMID: 38002306 PMCID: PMC10669128 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral sarcomas are a rare malignant subgroup of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). STSs, accounting for 1% of all adult tumors, are derived from mesenchymal tissues and exhibit a wide heterogeneity. Their rarity and the high number of histotypes hinder the understanding of tumor development mechanisms and negatively influence clinical outcomes and treatment approaches. Although some STSs (~20%) have identifiable genetic markers, as specific mutations or translocations, most are characterized by complex genomic profiles. Thus, identification of new therapeutic targets and development of personalized therapies are urgent clinical needs. Although cell lines are useful for preclinical investigations, more reliable preclinical models are required to develop and test new potential therapies. Here, we provide an overview of the available in vitro and in vivo models of visceral sarcomas, whose gene signatures are still not well characterized, to highlight current challenges and provide insights for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Costa
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Livia Gozzellino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Nannini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Abbondanza Pantaleo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Cassinelli G, Pasquali S, Lanzi C. Beyond targeting amplified MDM2 and CDK4 in well differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas: From promise and clinical applications towards identification of progression drivers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:965261. [PMID: 36119484 PMCID: PMC9479065 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.965261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Well differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas (WDLPS and DDLPS) are tumors of the adipose tissue poorly responsive to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy which currently remains the standard-of-care. The dismal prognosis of the DDLPS subtype indicates an urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets to improve the patient outcome. The amplification of the two driver genes MDM2 and CDK4, shared by WDLPD and DDLPS, has provided the rationale to explore targeting the encoded ubiquitin-protein ligase and cell cycle regulating kinase as a therapeutic approach. Investigation of the genomic landscape of WD/DDLPS and preclinical studies have revealed additional potential targets such as receptor tyrosine kinases, the cell cycle kinase Aurora A, and the nuclear exporter XPO1. While the therapeutic significance of these targets is being investigated in clinical trials, insights into the molecular characteristics associated with dedifferentiation and progression from WDLPS to DDLPS highlighted additional genetic alterations including fusion transcripts generated by chromosomal rearrangements potentially providing new druggable targets (e.g. NTRK, MAP2K6). Recent years have witnessed the increasing use of patient-derived cell and tumor xenograft models which offer valuable tools to accelerate drug repurposing and combination studies. Implementation of integrated "multi-omics" investigations applied to models recapitulating WD/DDLPS genetics, histologic differentiation and biology, will hopefully lead to a better understanding of molecular alterations driving liposarcomagenesis and DDLPS progression, as well as to the identification of new therapies tailored on tumor histology and molecular profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Cassinelli
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Pasquali
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Sarcoma Service, Department of Surgery, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lanzi
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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The PTEN Tumor Suppressor Gene in Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081169. [PMID: 31416195 PMCID: PMC6721622 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare malignancy of mesenchymal origin classified into more than 50 different subtypes with distinct clinical and pathologic features. Despite the poor prognosis in the majority of patients, only modest improvements in treatment strategies have been achieved, largely due to the rarity and heterogeneity of these tumors. Therefore, the discovery of new prognostic and predictive biomarkers, together with new therapeutic targets, is of enormous interest. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a well-known tumor suppressor that commonly loses its function via mutation, deletion, transcriptional silencing, or protein instability, and is frequently downregulated in distinct sarcoma subtypes. The loss of PTEN function has consequent alterations in important pathways implicated in cell proliferation, survival, migration, and genomic stability. PTEN can also interact with other tumor suppressors and oncogenic signaling pathways that have important implications for the pathogenesis in certain STSs. The aim of the present review is to summarize the biological significance of PTEN in STS and its potential role in the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Codenotti S, Mansoury W, Pinardi L, Monti E, Marampon F, Fanzani A. Animal models of well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma: utility and limitations. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5257-5268. [PMID: 31308696 PMCID: PMC6613351 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s175710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of fat tissue. Well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WDL/DDL) represent the two most clinically observed histotypes occurring in middle-aged to older adults, particularly within the retroperitoneum or extremities. WDL/DDL are thought to represent the broad spectrum of one disease, as they are both associated with the amplification in the chromosomal 12q13-15 region that causes MDM2 and CDK4 overexpression, the most useful predictor for liposarcoma diagnosis. In comparison to WDL, DDL contains additional genetic abnormalities, principally coamplifications of 1p32 and 6q23, that increase recurrence and metastatic rate. In this review, we discuss the xenograft and transgenic animal models generated for studying progression of WDL/DDL, highlighting utilities and pitfalls in such approaches that can facilitate or impede the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Codenotti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Walaa Mansoury
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Pinardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fanzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Patient-derived xenografts undergo mouse-specific tumor evolution. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1567-1575. [PMID: 28991255 PMCID: PMC5659952 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) have become a prominent cancer model system, as they are presumed to faithfully represent the genomic features of primary tumors. Here we monitored the dynamics of copy number alterations (CNAs) in 1,110 PDX samples across 24 cancer types. We observed rapid accumulation of CNAs during PDX passaging, often due to selection of pre-existing minor clones. CNA acquisition in PDXs was correlated with the tissue-specific levels of aneuploidy and genetic heterogeneity observed in primary tumors. However, the particular CNAs acquired during PDX passaging differed from those acquired during tumor evolution in patients. Several CNAs recurrently observed in primary tumors gradually disappeared in PDXs, indicating that events undergoing positive selection in humans can become dispensable during propagation in mice. Importantly, the genomic stability of PDXs was associated with their response to chemotherapy and targeted drugs. These findings have important implications for PDX-based modeling of human cancer.
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Russell TA, Eckardt MA, Murakami T, Elliott IA, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Igarashi K, Li Y, Crompton JG, Graham DS, Dry SM, Bernthal N, Yanagawa J, Kalbasi A, Federman N, Chmielowski B, Singh AS, Hoffman RM, Eilber FC. Clinical Factors That Affect the Establishment of Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenografts: A University of California, Los Angeles, Sarcoma Program Prospective Clinical Trial. JCO Precis Oncol 2017; 2017. [PMID: 30613825 DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Given the diverse and aggressive nature of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), a need exists for more-precise therapy. Patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOXs) provide a unique platform for personalized treatment. Thus, identification of patient and treatment factors that predict PDOX establishment is important. This study assessed the feasibility of incorporating PDOXs into the clinical setting and identifying factors associated with PDOX establishment. Patients and Methods From May 2015 to May 2016, 107 patients with biopsy-proven or potential STS were enrolled. Tumor samples were obtained intraoperatively and orthotopically implanted into nude mice in the corresponding anatomic location. PDOXs were considered established after engraftment and serial passage. Factors associated with establishment were analyzed by logistic regression and time to establishment by time-to-event analysis. Results Only high-grade tumors established (32 of 72 [44.4%]). The establishment rate (ER) varied by neoadjuvant therapy and treatment response, with the highest ER among untreated high-grade tumors (26 of 42 [61.9%]). Tumors exposed to radiation preoperatively did not establish (zero of 11 [0%]), and tumors exposed to neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a lower ER(31.9%) than untreated tumors. Only STSs with minimal pathologic response to neoadjuvant treatment (≤ 30%) established a PDOX (six of 18 [33.3%]). Median establishment time was 54 days, which varied by neoadjuvant therapy but was not statistically significant (P = .180). Conclusion To our knowledge, in the largest STS PDOX study to date, we demonstrate a 62% ER among untreated high-grade tumors with a median establishment time of 54 days. Neoadjuvant therapy, particularly radiation, and pathologic response to treatment were associated with a reduced rate of PDOX establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara A Russell
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Irmina A Elliott
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Yungfeng Li
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Joseph G Crompton
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Danielle S Graham
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Nicholas Bernthal
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Jane Yanagawa
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Anusha Kalbasi
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Noah Federman
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
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9
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Alteration of PDGFRβ-Akt-mTOR pathway signaling in fibrosarcomatous transformation of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Hum Pathol 2017; 67:60-68. [PMID: 28711648 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a cutaneous mesenchymal tumor of intermediate malignancy and fibroblastic/myofibroblastic differentiation. Fibrosarcomatous (FS) component is a high-grade component of DFSP. The detailed oncogenic difference between DFSP and FS components is not clear. We thus investigated the Akt-mTOR pathway in both components. We used 65 tumor samples obtained from 65 patients. The phosphorylation of Akt-mTOR pathway proteins (Akt, mTOR, 4EBP1, and S6RP) and PDGFRα/β was assessed by immunohistochemical staining, the results of which were confirmed by Western blotting. The immunohistochemical results were as follows: in ordinary DFSP components, p-PDGFRα-positive tumors were 41.9% (18/43 cases), p-PDGFRβ 55.8% (24/43 cases), p-Akt 51.2% (22/43 cases), p-mTOR 39.5% (17/43 cases), p-4EBP1 46.5% (20/43 cases), and p-S6RP 41.8% (18/43 cases); in DFSP components of FS-DFSP, 52.6% (10/19 cases), 47.4% (9/19 cases), 52.6% (10/19 cases), 36.8% (7/19 cases), 52.6% (10/19 cases), and 52.6% (10/19 cases); and in FS components, 45.5% (10/22 cases), 36.4% (8/22 cases), 72.7% (16/22 cases), 54.5% (12/22 cases), 72.7% (16/22 cases), and 68.2% (15/22 cases), respectively. There were significant positive correlations of the phosphorylation of most of the Akt-mTOR pathway proteins (p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-4EBP1, and p-S6RP) with each other (P < .05). Phospho-PDGFRβ was well correlated with the phosphorylation of Akt-mTOR pathway proteins in DFSP components of ordinary and FS-DFSPs, but these correlations were weaker in FS components. This study suggested the association of activation of Akt-mTOR pathway proteins and PDGFR with the progression of DFSP to FS. The Akt-mTOR pathway is thus a potential therapeutic target in imatinib-resistant DFSP/FS.
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10
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Epistatic interaction between the lipase-encoding genes Pnpla2 and Lipe causes liposarcoma in mice. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006716. [PMID: 28459858 PMCID: PMC5432192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma is an often fatal cancer of fat cells. Mechanisms of liposarcoma development are incompletely understood. The cleavage of fatty acids from acylglycerols (lipolysis) has been implicated in cancer. We generated mice with adipose tissue deficiency of two major enzymes of lipolysis, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), encoded respectively by Pnpla2 and Lipe. Adipocytes from double adipose knockout (DAKO) mice, deficient in both ATGL and HSL, showed near-complete deficiency of lipolysis. All DAKO mice developed liposarcoma between 11 and 14 months of age. No tumors occurred in single knockout or control mice. The transcriptome of DAKO adipose tissue showed marked differences from single knockout and normal controls as early as 3 months. Gpnmb and G0s2 were among the most highly dysregulated genes in premalignant and malignant DAKO adipose tissue, suggesting a potential utility as early markers of the disease. Similar changes of GPNMB and G0S2 expression were present in a human liposarcoma database. These results show that a previously-unknown, fully penetrant epistatic interaction between Pnpla2 and Lipe can cause liposarcoma in mice. DAKO mice provide a promising model for studying early premalignant changes that lead to late-onset malignant disease. Liposarcoma is an often fatal adult-onset tumor of fat tissue. Lipolysis, the central pathway of fat tissue metabolism, has been implicated in cancer. We generated mice that were deficient in two key enzymes of lipolysis, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). Strikingly, all mice with combined ATGL and HSL deficiency developed liposarcoma by 11–14 months of age. No liposarcoma occurred in single knockout or normal controls. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a subset of genes is dysregulated by 3 months of age. Our study reveals a novel epistatic interaction in fat cells between these two lipase genes and that causes a unique form of liposarcoma in mice. The double knockout mice provide a novel tool to study the early stages of liposarcoma development, prognostic markers and preventive treatments.
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11
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Cheng X, Li H, Yan Y, Wang G, Berman Z, Chuai M, Yang X. From the Cover: Usage of Dexamethasone Increases the Risk of Cranial Neural Crest Dysplasia in the Chick Embryo. Toxicol Sci 2017; 158:36-47. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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12
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Qi Y, Hu Y, Yang H, Zhuang R, Hou Y, Tong H, Feng Y, Huang Y, Jiang Q, Ji Q, Gu Q, Zhang Z, Tang X, Lu W, Zhou Y. Establishing a patient-derived xenograft model of human myxoid and round-cell liposarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54320-54330. [PMID: 28903344 PMCID: PMC5589583 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoid and round cell liposarcoma (MRCL) is a common type of soft tissue sarcoma. The lack of patient-derived tumor xenograft models that are highly consistent with human tumors has limited the drug experiments for this disease. Hence, we aimed to develop and validate a patient-derived tumor xenograft model of MRCL. A tumor sample from a patient with MRCL was implanted subcutaneously in an immunodeficient mouse shortly after resection to establish a patient-derived tumor xenograft model. After the tumor grew, it was resected and divided into several pieces for re-implantation and tumor passage. After passage 1, 3, and 5 (i.e. P1, P3, and P5, respectively), tumor morphology and the presence of the FUS-DDIT3 gene fusion were consistent with those of the original patient tumor. Short tandem repeat analysis demonstrated consistency from P1 to P5. Whole exome sequencing also showed that P5 tumors harbored many of the same gene mutations present in the original patient tumor, one of which was a PIK3CA mutation. PF-04691502 significantly inhibited tumor growth in P5 models (tumor volumes of 492.62 ± 652.80 vs 3303.81 ± 1480.79 mm3, P < 0.001, in treated vs control tumors, respectively) after 29 days of treatment. In conclusion, we have successfully established the first patient-derived xenograft model of MRCL. In addition to surgery, PI3K/mTOR inhibitors could potentially be used for the treatment of PIK3CA-positive MRCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Qi
- Departments of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Departments of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Departments of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongyuan Zhuang
- Departments of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Departments of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanxing Tong
- Departments of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Departments of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Departments of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunsheng Ji
- Oncology BU, Research Service Division, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyang Gu
- Oncology BU, Research Service Division, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Oncology BU, Research Service Division, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuzhen Tang
- Oncology BU, Research Service Division, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqi Lu
- Departments of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Departments of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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MDM2 antagonists synergize with PI3K/mTOR inhibition in well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53968-53977. [PMID: 28903316 PMCID: PMC5589555 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS/DDLPS) are characterized by a consistent amplification of the MDM2 gene. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway has been suggested to play also an important role in their tumorigenesis. Our goal was to determine whether combined MDM2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR targeting is associated with higher anti-tumor activity than single agent alone in preclinical models of WDLPS/DDLPS. METHODS WDLPS/DDLPS cells were exposed to RG7388 (MDM2 antagonist) and BEZ235 (PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor) after which apoptosis and signaling/survival pathway perturbations were monitored by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. Xenograft mouse models were used to assess tumor growth and animal survival. Western blotting, histopathology, and tumor volume evolution were used for the assessment of treatment efficacy. RESULTS The PI3K/AKT/mTOR was upregulated in up to 81% of the human WDLPS/DDLPS samples analysed. Treatment with RG7388 and BEZ235 resulted in a greater tumor activity than either drug alone with a significant difference in terms of cell viability after 72h of treatment with RG-73888 alone, BEZ235 alone and a combination of both agents. Consistent with these observations, we found a significant increase in apoptosis with the combination versus the single agent treatment alone. We then analysed the in vivo antitumor activity of RG7388 and BEZ235 in a xenograft model of DDLPS. The combination regimen significantly reduced tumor growth rate in comparison with single agent alone. CONCLUSIONS Our results represent the first in vivo evidence of synergy between MDM2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR antagonists and represent a strong rationale to evaluate the therapeutic potential of such a combination in WDLPS/DDLPS.
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14
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Shurell E, Vergara-Lluri ME, Li Y, Crompton JG, Singh A, Bernthal N, Wu H, Eilber FC, Dry SM. Comprehensive adipocytic and neurogenic tissue microarray analysis of NY-ESO-1 expression - a promising immunotherapy target in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and liposarcoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:72860-72867. [PMID: 27655679 PMCID: PMC5341949 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy targeting cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1 shows promise for tumors with poor response to chemoradiation. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) and liposarcomas (LPS) are chemoresistant and have few effective treatment options. Materials Methods: Using a comprehensive tissue microarray (TMA) of both benign and malignant tumors in primary, recurrent, and metastatic samples, we examined NY-ESO-1 expression in peripheral nerve sheath tumor (PNST) and adipocytic tumors. The PNST TMA included 42 MPNSTs (spontaneous n = 26, NF1-associated n = 16), 35 neurofibromas (spontaneous n = 22, NF-1 associated n = 13), 11 schwannomas, and 18 normal nerves. The LPS TMA included 48 well-differentiated/dedifferentiated (WD/DD) LPS, 13 myxoid/round cell LPS, 3 pleomorphic LPS, 8 lipomas, 1 myelolipoma, and 3 normal adipocytic tissue samples. Stained in triplicate, NY-ESO-1 intensity and density were scored. RESULTS NY-ESO-1 expression was exclusive to malignant tumors. 100% of myxoid/round cell LPS demonstrated NY-ESO-1 expression, while only 6% of WD/DD LPS showed protein expression, one of which was WD LPS. Of MPNST, 4/26 (15%) spontaneous and 2/16 (12%) NF1-associated MPNSTs demonstrated NY-ESO-1 expression. Strong NY-ESO-1 expression was observed in myxoid/round cell and dedifferentiated LPS, and MPNST in primary, neoadjuvant, and metastatic settings. CONCLUSIONS We found higher prevalence of NY-ESO-1 expression in MPNSTs than previously reported, highlighting a subset of MPNST patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. This study expands our understanding of NY-ESO-1 in WD/DD LPS and is the first demonstration of staining in a WD LPS and metastatic/recurrent myxoid/round cell LPS. These results suggest immunotherapy targeting NY-ESO-1 may benefit patients with aggressive tumors resistant to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Shurell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Maria E. Vergara-Lluri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joseph G. Crompton
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arun Singh
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas Bernthal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sarah M. Dry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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15
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Bi P, Yue F, Karki A, Castro B, Wirbisky SE, Wang C, Durkes A, Elzey BD, Andrisani OM, Bidwell CA, Freeman JL, Konieczny SF, Kuang S. Notch activation drives adipocyte dedifferentiation and tumorigenic transformation in mice. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2019-37. [PMID: 27573812 PMCID: PMC5030803 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte-specific activation of Notch signaling suppresses lipid metabolism pathways that provide ligands to Pparγ, leading to adipocyte dedifferentiation and development of liposarcomas (LPSs) resembling human dedifferentiated LPSs with complete penetrance. Pparγ ligand supplementation prevents liposarcoma development. Liposarcomas (LPSs) are the most common soft-tissue cancer. Because of the lack of animal models, the cellular origin and molecular regulation of LPS remain unclear. Here, we report that mice with adipocyte-specific activation of Notch signaling (Ad/N1ICD) develop LPS with complete penetrance. Lineage tracing confirms the adipocyte origin of Ad/N1ICD LPS. The Ad/N1ICD LPS resembles human dedifferentiated LPS in histological appearance, anatomical localization, and gene expression signature. Before transformation, Ad/N1ICD adipocytes undergo dedifferentiation that leads to lipodystrophy and metabolic dysfunction. Although concomitant Pten deletion normalizes the glucose metabolism of Ad/N1ICD mice, it dramatically accelerates the LPS prognosis and malignancy. Transcriptomes and lipidomics analyses indicate that Notch activation suppresses lipid metabolism pathways that supply ligands to Pparγ, the master regulator of adipocyte homeostasis. Accordingly, synthetic Pparγ ligand supplementation induces redifferentiation of Ad/N1ICD adipocytes and tumor cells, and prevents LPS development in Ad/N1ICD mice. Importantly, the Notch target HES1 is abundantly expressed in human LPS, and Notch inhibition suppresses the growth of human dedifferentiated LPS xenografts. Collectively, ectopic Notch activation is sufficient to induce dedifferentiation and tumorigenic transformation of mature adipocytes in mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Bi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Anju Karki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Beatriz Castro
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Sara E Wirbisky
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Abigail Durkes
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Bennett D Elzey
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Ourania M Andrisani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | | | - Jennifer L Freeman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Stephen F Konieczny
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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16
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Tseng WW, Chopra S, Engleman EG, Pollock RE. Hypothesis: The Intratumoral Immune Response against a Cancer Progenitor Cell Impacts the Development of Well-Differentiated versus Dedifferentiated Disease in Liposarcoma. Front Oncol 2016; 6:134. [PMID: 27376027 PMCID: PMC4901033 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-differentiated/dedifferentiated (WD/DD) liposarcoma is a rare malignancy of adipocyte origin (“fat cancer”). Tumors may be entirely WD, WD with a DD component, or rarely DD without a clear WD component. WD tumors are low grade and generally indolent, while tumors with a DD component are high grade and behave much more aggressively, with a modest potential for distant metastasis. The presence of cancer progenitor cells in WD/DD liposarcoma is suggested by clinical evidence and reported research findings. In addition, there are emerging data to support the existence of a naturally occurring, antigen-driven, and adaptive immune response within the tumor microenvironment. We hypothesize that the intratumoral immune response is directed against a cancer progenitor cell and that the outcome of this response impacts the development of WD versus DD disease. Further study will likely provide interesting insights into the disease biology of WD/DD liposarcoma that may be readily translated to other more common cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Tseng
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Sarcoma Program, Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, Newport Beach, CA, USA
| | - Shefali Chopra
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Edgar G Engleman
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto, CA , USA
| | - Raphael E Pollock
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
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17
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Asparagine promotes cancer cell proliferation through use as an amino acid exchange factor. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11457. [PMID: 27126896 PMCID: PMC4855534 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular amino acid uptake is critical for mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activation and cell proliferation. However, the regulation of amino acid uptake is not well-understood. Here we describe a role for asparagine as an amino acid exchange factor: intracellular asparagine exchanges with extracellular amino acids. Through asparagine synthetase knockdown and altering of media asparagine concentrations, we show that intracellular asparagine levels regulate uptake of amino acids, especially serine, arginine and histidine. Through its exchange factor role, asparagine regulates mTORC1 activity and protein synthesis. In addition, we show that asparagine regulation of serine uptake influences serine metabolism and nucleotide synthesis, suggesting that asparagine is involved in coordinating protein and nucleotide synthesis. Finally, we show that maintenance of intracellular asparagine levels is critical for cancer cell growth. Collectively, our results indicate that asparagine is an important regulator of cancer cell amino acid homeostasis, anabolic metabolism and proliferation.
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18
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Ou WB, Zhu J, Eilers G, Li X, Kuang Y, Liu L, Mariño-Enríquez A, Yan Z, Li H, Meng F, Zhou H, Sheng Q, Fletcher JA. HDACi inhibits liposarcoma via targeting of the MDM2-p53 signaling axis and PTEN, irrespective of p53 mutational status. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10510-20. [PMID: 25888633 PMCID: PMC4496371 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The MDM2-p53 pathway plays a prominent role in well-differentiated liposarcoma (LPS) pathogenesis. Here, we explore the importance of MDM2 amplification and p53 mutation in LPS independently, to determine whether HDACi are therapeutically useful in LPS. We demonstrated that simultaneous knockdown of MDM2 and p53 in p53-mutant LPS lines resulted in increased apoptosis, anti-proliferative effects, and cell cycle arrest, as compared to either intervention alone. HDACi treatment resulted in the dephosphorylation and depletion of MDM2 and p53 without affecting CDK4 and JUN expression, irrespective of p53 mutational status in MDM2-amplified LPS. In control mesothelioma cell lines, HDACi treatment resulted in down-regulation of p53 in the p53 mutant cell line JMN1B, but resulted in no changes of MDM2 and p53 in two mesothelioma lines with normal MDM2 and wild-type p53. HDACi treatment substantially decreased LPS and mesothelioma proliferation and survival, and was associated with upregulation of PTEN and p21, and inactivation of AKT. Our findings indicate that wild-type p53 depletion by HDACi is MDM2 amplification-dependent. These findings underscore the importance of targeting both MDM2 and p53 in LPS and other cancers harboring p53 mutations. Moreover, the pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effect of HDACi warrants further evaluation as a therapeutic strategy in MDM2-amplified LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Ou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiaqing Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Grant Eilers
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuhui Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Kuang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Adrián Mariño-Enríquez
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziqin Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanguo Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haimeng Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Sheng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jonathan A Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Tan R, Liu T, Zhuang R, Zhu M, Han W, Hou Y, Liu J, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Tong H, Shao Y, Zhu J, Lu W. Liposarcoma miRNA signatures identified from genome-wide miRNA expression profiling. Future Oncol 2015; 10:1373-86. [PMID: 25052748 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To identify the miRNA expression profile of liposarcoma (LPS) that could facilitate detection of LPS, and provide the basis for further investigation of molecular-targeted therapeutic drugs. MATERIALS & METHODS A real-time quantitative PCR assay was performed to analyze the expression of 1888 miRNAs from 25 LPS tumor tissue samples, 16 samples of adipose tissue adjacent to the tumors and 18 normal adipose tissue samples from patients with LPS. RESULTS Ten dysregulated miRNAs were identified that effectively distinguished LPS tissue from adipose tissue and benign lipoma tissue, and LPS tumor tissues from normal adipose tissues in LPS patients. Furthermore, the expression profiles of miRNAs could also classify the subtype of LPS. CONCLUSION The identified miRNAs appear to be novel biomarkers for the detection of LPS, and may contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms of LPS tumorigenesis and its development, and further elucidate the characteristics of LPS subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Puzio-Kuter AM, Laddha SV, Castillo-Martin M, Sun Y, Cordon-Cardo C, Chan CS, Levine AJ. Involvement of tumor suppressors PTEN and p53 in the formation of multiple subtypes of liposarcoma. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1785-91. [PMID: 25822339 PMCID: PMC4648325 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is a type of soft tissue sarcoma that mostly occurs in adults, and in humans is characterized by amplifications of MDM2 and CDK4. The molecular pathogenesis of this malignancy is still poorly understood and, therefore, we developed a mouse model with conditional inactivation of PTEN and p53 to investigate these pathways in the progression of the disease. We show that deletion of these two tumor suppressors cooperate in the formation of multiple subtypes of LPS (from well-differentiated LPS to pleomorphic LPS). In addition, progression of the tumors is further characterized by the expression of D cyclins and CDK4/6, which allow for continued cell division. Microarray analysis also revealed novel genes that are differentially expressed between different subtypes of LPS, which could aid in understanding the disease and to unravel potential new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Puzio-Kuter
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - S V Laddha
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - M Castillo-Martin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Y Sun
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - C Cordon-Cardo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - C S Chan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Jersey, USA
| | - A J Levine
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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21
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Guan Z, Yu X, Wang H, Wang H, Zhang J, Li G, Cao J, Teng L. Advances in the targeted therapy of liposarcoma. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:125-36. [PMID: 25609980 PMCID: PMC4293924 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s72722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is the most common type of soft-tissue sarcoma. Complete surgical resection is the only curative means for localized disease; however, both radiation and conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy remain controversial for metastatic or unresectable disease. An increasing number of trials with novel targeted therapy of LPS have provided encouraging data during recent years. This review will provide an overview of the advances in our understanding of LPS and summarize the results of recent trials with novel therapies targeting different genetic and molecular aberrations for different subtypes of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghai Guan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongfei Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohao Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangliang Li
- Department of Medicine Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Clinical Research Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Pazopanib, a Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Suppresses Tumor Growth through Angiogenesis in Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma Xenograft Models. Transl Oncol 2014; 7:665-71. [PMID: 25500074 PMCID: PMC4311036 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rarity of dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) and the lack of experimental DDLPS models limit the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Pazopanib (PAZ) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of non-adipocytic advanced soft tissue sarcoma. The activity of this agent has not yet been properly explored in preclinical liposarcoma models nor in a randomized phase Ш clinical trial in this entity. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PAZ had antitumor activity in DDLPS models in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS We established two patient-derived DDLPS xenograft models (UZLX-STS3 and UZLX-STS5) through implantation of tumor material from sarcoma patients in athymic nude NMRI mice. An animal model of the SW872 liposarcoma cell line was also used. To investigate the efficacy of PAZ in vivo, mice bearing tumors were treated for 2 weeks with sterile water, doxorubicin (1.2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, twice per week), PAZ [40 mg/kg, orally (p.o.), twice per day], or PAZ plus doxorubicin (same schedules as for single treatments). RESULTS Patient-derived xenografts retained the histologic and molecular features of DDLPS. PAZ significantly delayed tumor growth by decreasing proliferation and inhibited angiogenesis in all models tested. Combining the angiogenesis inhibitor with an anthracycline did not show superior efficacy. CONCLUSION These results suggest that PAZ has potential antitumor activity in DDLPS primarily through antiangiogenic effects and therefore should be explored in clinical trials.
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Farid M, Ahn L, Brohl A, Cioffi A, Maki RG. The mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway in sarcomas: from biology to therapy. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2014. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2014.917951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Synergistic effects of targeted PI3K signaling inhibition and chemotherapy in liposarcoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93996. [PMID: 24695632 PMCID: PMC3973642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While liposarcoma is the second most common soft tissue malignant tumor, the molecular pathogenesis in this malignancy is poorly understood. Our goal was therefore to expand the understanding of molecular mechanisms that drive liposarcoma and identify therapeutically-susceptible genetic alterations. We studied a cohort of high-grade liposarcomas and benign lipomas across multiple disease sites, as well as two liposarcoma cell lines, using multiplexed mutational analysis. Nucleic acids extracted from diagnostic patient tissue were simultaneously interrogated for 150 common mutations across 15 essential cancer genes using a clinically-validated platform for cancer genotyping. Western blot analysis was implemented to detect activation of downstream pathways. Liposarcoma cell lines were used to determine the effects of PI3K targeted drug treatment with or without chemotherapy. We identified mutations in the PIK3CA gene in 4 of 18 human liposarcoma patients (22%). No PIK3CA mutations were identified in benign lipomas. Western blot analysis confirmed downstream activation of AKT in both PIK3CA mutant and non-mutant liposarcoma samples. PI-103, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, effectively inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT in liposarcoma cell lines and induced apoptosis. Importantly, combination with PI-103 treatment strongly synergized the growth-inhibitory effects of the chemotherapy drugs doxorubicin and cisplatin in liposarcoma cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is an important cancer mechanism in liposarcoma. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/pathway with small molecule inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy could be exploited as a novel strategy in the treatment of liposarcoma.
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25
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Tseng WW, Somaiah N, Lazar AJ, Lev DC, Pollock RE. Novel systemic therapies in advanced liposarcoma: a review of recent clinical trial results. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:529-49. [PMID: 24216990 PMCID: PMC3730323 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5020529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma is one of the most common adult soft tissue sarcomas an consists of three histologic subtypes (well and dedifferentiated, myxoid/round cell, and pleomorphic). Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for localized disease; however for unresectable or metastatic disease, effective treatment options are currently limited. In the past decade, a better understanding of the distinct genetic and molecular aberrations for each of the three histologic subtypes has led to the development of several novel systemic therapies. Data from phase I and early phase II clinical trials have been reported. Despite challenges with conducting clinical trials in liposarcoma, preliminary results for several of these novel, biology-driven therapies are encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W. Tseng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Neeta Somaiah
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Alexander J. Lazar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Dina C. Lev
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Raphael E. Pollock
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mail:
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-713-792-6928; Fax: +1-713-563-4637
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