1
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Emamnejad R, Pagnin M, Petratos S. The iron maiden: Oligodendroglial metabolic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis and mitochondrial signaling. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105788. [PMID: 38950685 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease, governed by oligodendrocyte (OL) dystrophy and central nervous system (CNS) demyelination manifesting variable neurological impairments. Mitochondrial mechanisms may drive myelin biogenesis maintaining the axo-glial unit according to dynamic requisite demands imposed by the axons they ensheath. The promotion of OL maturation and myelination by actively transporting thyroid hormone (TH) into the CNS and thereby facilitating key transcriptional and metabolic pathways that regulate myelin biogenesis is fundamental to sustain the profound energy demands at each axo-glial interface. Deficits in regulatory functions exerted through TH for these physiological roles to be orchestrated by mature OLs, can occur in genetic and acquired myelin disorders, whereby mitochondrial efficiency and eventual dysfunction can lead to profound oligodendrocytopathy, demyelination and neurodegenerative sequelae. TH-dependent transcriptional and metabolic pathways can be dysregulated during acute and chronic MS lesion activity depriving OLs from critical acetyl-CoA biochemical mechanisms governing myelin lipid biosynthesis and at the same time altering the generation of iron metabolism that may drive ferroptotic mechanisms, leading to advancing neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahimeh Emamnejad
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Maurice Pagnin
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia.
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2
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Wang Y, Kim B, Gong S, Park J, Zhu M, Wong EM, Park AY, Chernoff J, Guo F. Control of OPC proliferation and repopulation by the intellectual disability gene PAK1 under homeostatic and demyelinating conditions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.591153. [PMID: 38746444 PMCID: PMC11092442 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Appropriate proliferation and repopulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) determine successful (re)myelination in homeostatic and demyelinating brains. Activating mutations in p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) cause intellectual disability, neurodevelopmental abnormality, and white matter anomaly in children. It remains unclear if and how PAK1 regulates oligodendroglial development. Here, we report that PAK1 controls proliferation and regeneration of OPCs. Unlike differentiating oligodendrocytes, OPCs display high PAK1 activity which maintains them in a proliferative state by modulating PDGFRa-mediated mitogenic signaling. PAK1-deficient or kinase-inhibited OPCs reduce their proliferation capacity and population expansion. Mice carrying OPC-specific PAK1 deletion or kinase inhibition are populated with fewer OPCs in the homeostatic and demyelinated CNS than control mice. Together, our findings suggest that kinase-activating PAK1 mutations stall OPCs in a progenitor state, impacting timely oligodendroglial differentiation in the CNS of affected children and that PAK1 is a potential molecular target for replenishing OPCs in demyelinating lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Shuaishuai Gong
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Joohyun Park
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Meina Zhu
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Evelyn M. Wong
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Audrey Y. Park
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Jonathan Chernoff
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Fuzheng Guo
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
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3
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Wu W, Luo Z, Shen D, Lan T, Xiao Z, Liu M, Hu L, Sun T, Wang Y, Zhang JN, Zhang C, Wang P, Lu Y, Yang F, Li Q. IL-10 protects against OPC ferroptosis by regulating lipid reactive oxygen species levels post stroke. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102982. [PMID: 38070317 PMCID: PMC10755589 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially on lipids, induces massive cell death in neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and causes severe neurologic deficits post stroke. While small compounds, such as deferoxamine, lipostatin-1, and ferrostatin-1, have been shown to be effective in reducing lipid ROS, the mechanisms by which endogenously protective molecules act against lipid ROS accumulation and subsequent cell death are still unclear, especially in OPCs, which are critical for maintaining white matter integrity and improving long-term outcomes after stroke. Here, using mouse primary OPC cultures, we demonstrate that interleukin-10 (IL-10), a cytokine playing roles in reducing neuroinflammation and promoting hematoma clearance, significantly reduced hemorrhage-induced lipid ROS accumulation and subsequent ferroptosis in OPCs. Mechanistically, IL-10 activated the IL-10R/STAT3 signaling pathway and upregulated the DLK1/AMPK/ACC axis. Subsequently, IL-10 reprogrammed lipid metabolism and reduced lipid ROS accumulation. In addition, in an autologous blood injection intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke (ICH) mouse model, deficiency of the endogenous Il-10, specific knocking out Il10r or Dlk1 in OPCs, or administration of ACC inhibitor was associated with increased OPC cell death, demyelination, axonal sprouting, and the cognitive deficits during the chronic phase of ICH and vice versa. These data suggest that IL-10 protects against OPC loss and white matter injury by reducing lipid ROS, supporting further development of potential clinical applications to benefit patients with stroke and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhaoli Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Danmin Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ting Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhongnan Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Liye Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jian-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yabin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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4
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Fernandes MGF, Mohammadnia A, Pernin F, Schmitz-Gielsdorf LE, Hodgins C, Cui QL, Yaqubi M, Blain M, Hall J, Dudley R, Srour M, Zandee SEJ, Klement W, Prat A, Stratton JA, Rodriguez M, Kuhlmann T, Moore W, Kennedy TE, Antel JP. Mechanisms of metabolic stress induced cell death of human oligodendrocytes: relevance for progressive multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:108. [PMID: 37408029 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte (OL) injury and loss are central features of evolving lesions in multiple sclerosis. Potential causative mechanisms of OL loss include metabolic stress within the lesion microenvironment. Here we use the injury response of primary human OLs (hOLs) to metabolic stress (reduced glucose/nutrients) in vitro to help define the basis for the in situ features of OLs in cases of MS. Under metabolic stress in vitro, we detected reduction in ATP levels per cell that precede changes in survival. Autophagy was initially activated, although ATP levels were not altered by inhibitors (chloroquine) or activators (Torin-1). Prolonged stress resulted in autophagy failure, documented by non-fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. Consistent with our in vitro results, we detected higher expression of LC3, a marker of autophagosomes in OLs, in MS lesions compared to controls. Both in vitro and in situ, we observe a reduction in nuclear size of remaining OLs. Prolonged stress resulted in increased ROS and cleavage of spectrin, a target of Ca2+-dependent proteases. Cell death was however not prevented by inhibitors of ferroptosis or MPT-driven necrosis, the regulated cell death (RCD) pathways most likely to be activated by metabolic stress. hOLs have decreased expression of VDAC1, VDAC2, and of genes regulating iron accumulation and cyclophilin. RNA sequencing analyses did not identify activation of these RCD pathways in vitro or in MS cases. We conclude that this distinct response of hOLs, including resistance to RCD, reflects the combined impact of autophagy failure, increased ROS, and calcium influx, resulting in metabolic collapse and degeneration of cellular structural integrity. Defining the basis of OL injury and death provides guidance for development of neuro-protective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Guilherme Forestieri Fernandes
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Abdulshakour Mohammadnia
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Florian Pernin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | - Caroline Hodgins
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Manon Blain
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jeffery Hall
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Roy Dudley
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Montreal Children's Hospital, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Stephanie E J Zandee
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger- Gaudry, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Wendy Klement
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger- Gaudry, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger- Gaudry, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Moses Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, 1216 2nd St SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Wayne Moore
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
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Packer D, Fresenko EE, Harrington EP. Remyelination in animal models of multiple sclerosis: finding the elusive grail of regeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1207007. [PMID: 37448959 PMCID: PMC10338073 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1207007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Remyelination biology and the therapeutic potential of restoring myelin sheaths to prevent neurodegeneration and disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) has made considerable gains over the past decade with many regeneration strategies undergoing tested in MS clinical trials. Animal models used to investigate oligodendroglial responses and regeneration of myelin vary considerably in the mechanism of demyelination, involvement of inflammatory cells, neurodegeneration and capacity for remyelination. The investigation of remyelination in the context of aging and an inflammatory environment are of considerable interest for the potential translation to progressive multiple sclerosis. Here we review how remyelination is assessed in mouse models of demyelination, differences and advantages of these models, therapeutic strategies that have emerged and current pro-remyelination clinical trials.
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6
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Molina-Gonzalez I, Miron VE, Antel JP. Chronic oligodendrocyte injury in central nervous system pathologies. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1274. [PMID: 36402839 PMCID: PMC9675815 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin, the membrane surrounding neuronal axons, is critical for central nervous system (CNS) function. Injury to myelin-forming oligodendrocytes (OL) in chronic neurological diseases (e.g. multiple sclerosis) ranges from sublethal to lethal, leading to OL dysfunction and myelin pathology, and consequent deleterious impacts on axonal health that drive clinical impairments. This is regulated by intrinsic factors such as heterogeneity and age, and extrinsic cellular and molecular interactions. Here, we discuss the responses of OLs to injury, and perspectives for therapeutic targeting. We put forward that targeting mature OL health in neurological disease is a promising therapeutic strategy to support CNS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Molina-Gonzalez
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor’s Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland UK
| | - Veronique E. Miron
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor’s Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland UK ,grid.415502.7Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jack P. Antel
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
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7
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Emerging Role of Neuron-Glia in Neurological Disorders: At a Glance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3201644. [PMID: 36046684 PMCID: PMC9423989 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3201644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Based on the diverse physiological influence, the impact of glial cells has become much more evident on neurological illnesses, resulting in the origins of many diseases appearing to be more convoluted than previously happened. Since neurological disorders are often random and unknown, hence the construction of animal models is difficult to build, representing a small fraction of people with a gene mutation. As a result, an immediate necessity is grown to work within in vitro techniques for examining these illnesses. As the scientific community recognizes cell-autonomous contributions to a variety of central nervous system illnesses, therapeutic techniques involving stem cells for treating neurological diseases are gaining traction. The use of stem cells derived from a variety of sources is increasingly being used to replace both neuronal and glial tissue. The brain's energy demands necessitate the reliance of neurons on glial cells in order for it to function properly. Furthermore, glial cells have diverse functions in terms of regulating their own metabolic activities, as well as collaborating with neurons via secreted signaling or guidance molecules, forming a complex network of neuron-glial connections in health and sickness. Emerging data reveals that metabolic changes in glial cells can cause morphological and functional changes in conjunction with neuronal dysfunction under disease situations, highlighting the importance of neuron-glia interactions in the pathophysiology of neurological illnesses. In this context, it is required to improve our understanding of disease mechanisms and create potential novel therapeutics. According to research, synaptic malfunction is one of the features of various mental diseases, and glial cells are acting as key ingredients not only in synapse formation, growth, and plasticity but also in neuroinflammation and synaptic homeostasis which creates critical physiological capacity in the focused sensory system. The goal of this review article is to elaborate state-of-the-art information on a few glial cell types situated in the central nervous system (CNS) and highlight their role in the onset and progression of neurological disorders.
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Single nucleotide variants around the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) gene and their association with multiple sclerosis risk, disability scores, and rate of disease progression. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:3867-3877. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Berger ND, Brownlee PM, Chen MJ, Morrison H, Osz K, Ploquin NP, Chan JA, Goodarzi AA. High replication stress and limited Rad51-mediated DNA repair capacity, but not oxidative stress, underlie oligodendrocyte precursor cell radiosensitivity. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac012. [PMID: 35425901 PMCID: PMC9004414 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cranial irradiation is part of the standard of care for treating pediatric brain tumors. However, ionizing radiation can trigger serious long-term neurologic sequelae, including oligodendrocyte and brain white matter loss enabling neurocognitive decline in children surviving brain cancer. Oxidative stress-mediated oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) radiosensitivity has been proposed as a possible explanation for this. Here, however, we demonstrate that antioxidants fail to improve OPC viability after irradiation, despite suppressing oxidative stress, suggesting an alternative etiology for OPC radiosensitivity. Using systematic approaches, we find that OPCs have higher irradiation-induced and endogenous γH2AX foci compared to neural stem cells, neurons, astrocytes and mature oligodendrocytes, and these correlate with replication-associated DNA double strand breakage. Furthermore, OPCs are reliant upon ATR kinase and Mre11 nuclease-dependent processes for viability, are more sensitive to drugs increasing replication fork collapse, and display synthetic lethality with PARP inhibitors after irradiation. This suggests an insufficiency for homology-mediated DNA repair in OPCs—a model that is supported by evidence of normal RPA but reduced RAD51 filament formation at resected lesions in irradiated OPCs. We therefore propose a DNA repair-centric mechanism of OPC radiosensitivity, involving chronically-elevated replication stress combined with ‘bottlenecks’ in RAD51-dependent DNA repair that together reduce radiation resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Daniel Berger
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter M Brownlee
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Myra J Chen
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hali Morrison
- Department of Oncology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Katalin Osz
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicolas P Ploquin
- Department of Oncology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aaron A Goodarzi
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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10
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Allanach JR, Farrell JW, Mésidor M, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Current status of neuroprotective and neuroregenerative strategies in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Mult Scler 2022; 28:29-48. [PMID: 33870797 PMCID: PMC8688986 DOI: 10.1177/13524585211008760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-mediated demyelination and consequent degeneration of oligodendrocytes and axons are hallmark features of multiple sclerosis (MS). Remyelination declines in progressive MS, causing permanent axonal loss and irreversible disabilities. Strategies aimed at enhancing remyelination are critical to attenuate disease progression. OBJECTIVE We systematically reviewed recent advances in neuroprotective and regenerative therapies for MS, covering preclinical and clinical studies. METHODS We searched three biomedical databases using defined keywords. Two authors independently reviewed articles for inclusion based on pre-specified criteria. The data were extracted from each study and assessed for risk of bias. RESULTS Our search identified 7351 studies from 2014 to 2020, of which 221 met the defined criteria. These studies reported 262 interventions, wherein 92% were evaluated in animal models. These interventions comprised protein, RNA, lipid and cellular biologics, small molecules, inorganic compounds, and dietary and physiological interventions. Small molecules were the most highly represented strategy, followed by antibody therapies and stem cell transplantation. CONCLUSION While significant strides have been made to develop regenerative treatments for MS, the current evidence illustrates a skewed representation of the types of strategies that advance to clinical trials. Further examination is thus required to address current barriers to implementing experimental treatments in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Allanach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John W. Farrell
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Miceline Mésidor
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada/Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada/Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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11
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Chu T, Shields LB, Zeng W, Zhang YP, Wang Y, Barnes GN, Shields CB, Cai J. Dynamic glial response and crosstalk in demyelination-remyelination and neurodegeneration processes. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1359-1368. [PMID: 33318418 PMCID: PMC8284258 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath in the central nervous system. It is characterized by blood-brain barrier dysfunction throughout the course of multiple sclerosis, followed by the entry of immune cells and activation of local microglia and astrocytes. Glial cells (microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte lineage cells) are known as the important mediators of neuroinflammation, all of which play major roles in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Network communications between glial cells affect the activities of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and influence the demyelination-remyelination process. A finely balanced glial response may create a favorable lesion environment for efficient remyelination and neuroregeneration. This review focuses on glial response and neurodegeneration based on the findings from multiple sclerosis and major rodent demyelination models. In particular, glial interaction and molecular crosstalk are discussed to provide insights into the potential cell- and molecule-specific therapeutic targets to improve remyelination and neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Chu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lisa B.E. Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Wenxin Zeng
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yi Ping Zhang
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yuanyi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Gregory N. Barnes
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Christopher B. Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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12
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Protective effect and mechanism of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide against optic neuritis in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107846. [PMID: 34174704 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are commonly accompanied by optic neuritis (ON) that causes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and even vision loss. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) can protect against cell apoptosis and attenuate MS-triggered symptoms. However, the effect of NAD+ on MS-triggered ON remains unclear. Herein, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was established by immunizing female C57BL/6 mice with MOG35-55 peptide. To investigate the effect of NAD+ on ON prevention and treatment, EAE mice received 250 mg/kg NAD+ daily via intraperitoneal injection after immunization and EAE onset, respectively. EX-527 (10 mg/kg, SIRT1 inhibitor) was intraperitoneally injected every two days to explore the role of SIRT1 in NAD+-induced therapeutic effect on EAE. NAD+ intervention attenuated the severity of EAE in mice. NAD+ intervention relieved inflammatory infiltration and CD3+ and CD4+ cell infiltration and decreased the number and activation of microglia and astrocytes in the optic nerve. NAD+ intervention also attenuated demyelination, axonal loss, oligodendrocyte apoptosis and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell recruitment and proliferation in the optic nerve and protected against RGC apoptosis in the retina. NAD+ intervention decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA and pro-apoptotic protein expression and enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression and the SIRT1 signaling in the optic nerve and retina and regulated the Th1/Th17/Tregs immune response in the spleen. In addition, EX-527 reversed the therapeutic effect of NAD+ on EAE, suggesting that NAD+ prevented MS-triggered ON by activating the SIRT1 signaling pathway. This study shows the potential of NAD+ to be used as a drug in preventing and treating MS-related ON.
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13
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von Streitberg A, Jäkel S, Eugenin von Bernhardi J, Straube C, Buggenthin F, Marr C, Dimou L. NG2-Glia Transiently Overcome Their Homeostatic Network and Contribute to Wound Closure After Brain Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:662056. [PMID: 34012966 PMCID: PMC8128074 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.662056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult brain, NG2-glia represent a cell population that responds to injury. To further investigate if, how and why NG2-glia are recruited to the injury site, we analyzed in detail the long-term reaction of NG2-glia after a lesion by time-lapse two-photon in vivo microscopy. Live imaging over several weeks of GFP-labeled NG2-glia in the stab wounded cerebral cortex revealed their fast and heterogeneous reaction, including proliferation, migration, polarization, hypertrophy, or a mixed response, while a small subset of cells remained unresponsive. At the peak of the reaction, 2-4 days after the injury, NG2-glia accumulated around and within the lesion core, overcoming the homeostatic control of their density, which normalized back to physiological conditions only 4 weeks after the insult. Genetic ablation of proliferating NG2-glia demonstrated that this accumulation contributed beneficially to wound closure. Thus, NG2-glia show a fast response to traumatic brain injury (TBI) and participate in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel von Streitberg
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Jäkel
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jaime Eugenin von Bernhardi
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Straube
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Buggenthin
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Marr
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Leda Dimou
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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14
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Breton JM, Long KLP, Barraza MK, Perloff OS, Kaufer D. Hormonal Regulation of Oligodendrogenesis II: Implications for Myelin Repair. Biomolecules 2021; 11:290. [PMID: 33669242 PMCID: PMC7919830 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in myelin, the protective and insulating sheath surrounding axons, affect brain function, as is evident in demyelinating diseases where the loss of myelin leads to cognitive and motor dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests that changes in myelination, including both hyper- and hypo-myelination, may also play a role in numerous neurological and psychiatric diseases. Protecting myelin and promoting remyelination is thus crucial for a wide range of disorders. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the cells that generate myelin, and oligodendrogenesis, the creation of new OLs, continues throughout life and is necessary for myelin plasticity and remyelination. Understanding the regulation of oligodendrogenesis and myelin plasticity within disease contexts is, therefore, critical for the development of novel therapeutic targets. In our companion manuscript, we review literature demonstrating that multiple hormone classes are involved in the regulation of oligodendrogenesis under physiological conditions. The majority of hormones enhance oligodendrogenesis, increasing oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and inducing maturation and myelin production in OLs. Thus, hormonal treatments present a promising route to promote remyelination. Here, we review the literature on hormonal regulation of oligodendrogenesis within the context of disorders. We focus on steroid hormones, including glucocorticoids and sex hormones, peptide hormones such as insulin-like growth factor 1, and thyroid hormones. For each hormone, we describe whether they aid in OL survival, differentiation, or remyelination, and we discuss their mechanisms of action, if known. Several of these hormones have yielded promising results in both animal models and in human conditions; however, a better understanding of hormonal effects, interactions, and their mechanisms will ultimately lead to more targeted therapeutics for myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M Breton
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kimberly L P Long
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew K Barraza
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Olga S Perloff
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G1M1, Canada
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15
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Age-related injury responses of human oligodendrocytes to metabolic insults: link to BCL-2 and autophagy pathways. Commun Biol 2021; 4:20. [PMID: 33398046 PMCID: PMC7782481 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin destruction and oligodendrocyte (OL) death consequent to metabolic stress is a feature of CNS disorders across the age spectrum. Using cells derived from surgically resected tissue, we demonstrate that young (<age 5) pediatric-aged sample OLs are more resistant to in-vitro metabolic injury than fetal O4+ progenitor cells, but more susceptible to cell death and apoptosis than adult-derived OLs. Pediatric but not adult OLs show measurable levels of TUNEL+ cells, a feature of the fetal cell response. The ratio of anti- vs pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family genes are increased in adult vs pediatric (<age 5) mature OLs and in more mature OL lineage cells. Lysosomal gene expression was increased in adult and pediatric compared to fetal OL lineage cells. Cell death of OLs was increased by inhibiting pro-apoptotic BCL-2 gene and autophagy activity. These distinct age-related injury responses should be considered in designing therapies aimed at reducing myelin injury.
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16
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The Relationship of the Mechanisms of the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and the Expression of Endogenous Retroviruses. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120464. [PMID: 33322628 PMCID: PMC7764762 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system, develops at an early age and often leads to a disability. The etiological cause of the disease has not been fully elucidated, and as a result, no effective treatment is available. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the relationship between the expression of human endogenous retroviruses and the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. The epigenetic mechanisms of transcriptional regulation, the role of transcription factors, cytokines, and exogenous viruses are also addressed in this review. The elucidation of the mechanisms of an increase in endogenous retrovirus expression in multiple sclerosis could help to develop therapeutic strategies and novel methods for early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Abstract Two human endogenous retroviruses of the HERV-W family can act as cofactors triggering multiple sclerosis (MS): MS-associated retrovirus (MSRV) and ERVWE1. Endogenous retroviral elements are believed to have integrated in our ancestors’ DNA millions of years ago. Their involvement in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegenerative pathologies, has been demonstrated. Numerous studies have shown a correlation between the deterioration of patients’ health and increased expression of endogenous retroviruses. The exact causes and mechanisms of endogenous retroviruses activation remains unknown, which hampers development of therapeutics. In this review, we will summarize the main characteristics of human endogenous W retroviruses and describe the putative mechanisms of activation, including epigenetic mechanisms, humoral factors as well as the role of the exogenous viral infections.
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17
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Effect of Etazolate upon Cuprizone-induced Demyelination In Vivo: Behavioral and Myelin Gene Analysis. Neuroscience 2020; 455:240-250. [PMID: 33246058 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Demyelination is a well-known pathological process in CNS disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). It provokes progressive axonal degeneration and functional impairments and no efficient therapy is presently available to combat such insults. Recently, we have shown that etazolate, a pyrazolopyridine compound and an α-secretase activator, was able to promote myelin protection and remyelination after cuprizone (CPZ)-induced acute demyelination in C57Bl/6 mice. In continuation of this work, here we have further investigated the effects of etazolate treatment after acute cuprizone-induced demyelination at the molecular level (expression of myelin genes Plp, Mbp and Mag and inflammatory markers Il-1β, Tnf-α) and at the functional level (locomotor and spatial memory skills) in vivo. To this end, we have employed two protocols which consists of administering etazolate (10 mg/kg/d) for a period of 2 weeks either during (Protocol #1) or after (Protocol #2) 5-weeks of CPZ-induced demyelination. At the molecular level, we observed that CPZ intoxication altered inflammatory and myelin gene expression and it was not restored with either of the etazolate treatment protocols. At the functional level, the locomotor activity was impaired after 3-weeks of CPZ intoxication (Protocol #1) and our data indicates a modest but beneficial effect of etazolate treatment. Spatial memory evaluated was not affected either by CPZ intake or etazolate treatment in both protocols. Altogether, this study shows that the beneficial effect of etazolate upon demyelination does not occur at the gene expression level at the time points studied. Furthermore, our results also highlight the difficulty in revealing functional sequelae following CPZ intoxication.
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18
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Melero-Jerez C, Fernández-Gómez B, Lebrón-Galán R, Ortega MC, Sánchez-de Lara I, Ojalvo AC, Clemente D, de Castro F. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells support remyelination in a murine model of multiple sclerosis by promoting oligodendrocyte precursor cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Glia 2020; 69:905-924. [PMID: 33217041 PMCID: PMC7894183 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The most frequent variant of multiple sclerosis (MS) is the relapsing–remitting form, characterized by symptomatic phases followed by periods of total/partial recovery. Hence, it is possible that these patients can benefit from endogenous agents that control the inflammatory process and favor spontaneous remyelination. In this context, there is increasing interest in the role of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) during the clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). MDSCs speed up infiltrated T‐cell anergy and apoptosis. In different animal models of MS, a milder disease course is related to higher presence/density of MDSCs in the periphery, and smaller demyelinated lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). These observations lead us to wonder whether MDSCs might not only exert an anti‐inflammatory effect but might also have direct influence on oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and remyelination. In the present work, we reveal for the first time the relationship between OPCs and MDSCs in EAE, relationship that is guided by the distance from the inflammatory core. We describe the effects of MDSCs on survival, proliferation, as well as potent promoters of OPC differentiation toward mature phenotypes. We show for the first time that osteopontin is remarkably present in the analyzed secretome of MDSCs. The ablation of this cue from MDSCs‐secretome demonstrates that osteopontin is the main MDSC effector on these oligodendroglial cells. These data highlight a crucial pathogenic interaction between innate immunity and the CNS, opening ways to develop MDSC‐ and/or osteopontin‐based therapies to promote effective myelin preservation and repair in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Melero-Jerez
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos-SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Lebrón-Galán
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos-SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Maria Cristina Ortega
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos-SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Irene Sánchez-de Lara
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos-SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Ojalvo
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos-SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Diego Clemente
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos-SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
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19
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Ross-Munro E, Kwa F, Kreiner J, Khore M, Miller SL, Tolcos M, Fleiss B, Walker DW. Midkine: The Who, What, Where, and When of a Promising Neurotrophic Therapy for Perinatal Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2020; 11:568814. [PMID: 33193008 PMCID: PMC7642484 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.568814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a small secreted heparin-binding protein highly expressed during embryonic/fetal development which, through interactions with multiple cell surface receptors promotes growth through effects on cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. MK is upregulated in the adult central nervous system (CNS) after multiple types of experimental injury and has neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties. The potential for MK as a therapy for developmental brain injury is largely unknown. This review discusses what is known of MK's expression and actions in the developing brain, areas for future research, and the potential for using MK as a therapeutic agent to ameliorate the effects of brain damage caused by insults such as birth-related hypoxia and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ross-Munro
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Faith Kwa
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jenny Kreiner
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Madhavi Khore
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary Tolcos
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Neurodiderot, Inserm U1141, Universita de Paris, Paris, France
| | - David W Walker
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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20
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Functional Heterogeneity of Mouse and Human Brain OPCs: Relevance for Preclinical Studies in Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061681. [PMID: 32498223 PMCID: PMC7355819 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides giving rise to oligodendrocytes (the only myelin-forming cell in the Central Nervous System (CNS) in physiological conditions), Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells (OPCs) are responsible for spontaneous remyelination after a demyelinating lesion. They are present along the mouse and human CNS, both during development and in adulthood, yet how OPC physiological behavior is modified throughout life is not fully understood. The activity of adult human OPCs is still particularly unexplored. Significantly, most of the molecules involved in OPC-mediated remyelination are also involved in their development, a phenomenon that may be clinically relevant. In the present article, we have compared the intrinsic properties of OPCs isolated from the cerebral cortex of neonatal, postnatal and adult mice, as well as those recovered from neurosurgical adult human cerebral cortex tissue. By analyzing intact OPCs for the first time with 1H High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H HR-MAS NMR) spectroscopy, we show that these cells behave distinctly and that they have different metabolic patterns in function for their stage of maturity. Moreover, their response to Fibroblast Growth Gactor-2 (FGF-2) and anosmin-1 (two molecules that have known effects on OPC biology during development and that are overexpressed in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)) differs in relation to their developmental stage and in the function of the species. Our data reveal that the behavior of adult human and mouse OPCs differs in a very dynamic way that should be very relevant when testing drugs and for the proper design of effective pharmacological and/or cell therapies for MS.
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21
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Cui QL, Lin YH, Xu YKT, Fernandes MGF, Rao VTS, Kennedy TE, Antel J. Effects of Biotin on survival, ensheathment, and ATP production by oligodendrocyte lineage cells in vitro. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233859. [PMID: 32470040 PMCID: PMC7259710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms implicated in disease progression in multiple sclerosis include continued oligodendrocyte (OL)/myelin injury and failure of myelin repair. Underlying causes include metabolic stress with resultant energy deficiency. Biotin is a cofactor for carboxylases involved in ATP production that impact myelin production by promoting fatty acid synthesis. Here, we investigate the effects of high dose Biotin (MD1003) on the functional properties of post-natal rat derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). A2B5 positive OPCs were assessed using an in vitro injury assay, culturing cells in either DFM (DMEM/F12+N1) or “stress media” (no glucose (NG)-DMEM), with Biotin added over a range from 2.5 to 250 μg/ml, and cell viability determined after 24 hrs. Biotin reduced the increase in OPC cell death in the NG condition. In nanofiber myelination assays, biotin increased the percentage of ensheathing cells, the number of ensheathed segments per cell, and length of ensheathed segments. In dispersed cell culture, Biotin also significantly increased ATP production, assessed using a Seahorse bio-analyzer. For most assays, the positive effects of Biotin were observed at the higher end of the dose-response analysis. We conclude that Biotin, in vitro, protects OL lineage cells from metabolic injury, enhances myelin-like ensheathment, and is associated with increased ATP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Ling Cui
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yun Hsuan Lin
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yu Kang T. Xu
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jack Antel
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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22
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Morello M, Pieri M, Zenobi R, Talamo A, Stephan D, Landel V, Féron F, Millet P. The Influence of Vitamin D on Neurodegeneration and Neurological Disorders: A Rationale for its Physio-pathological Actions. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2475-2491. [PMID: 32175837 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200316145725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone implicated in the regulation of neuronal integrity and many brain functions. Its influence, as a nutrient and a hormone, on the physiopathology of the most common neurodegenerative diseases is continuously emphasized by new studies. This review addresses what is currently known about the action of vitamin D on the nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Further vitamin D research is necessary to understand how the action of this "neuroactive" steroid can help to optimize the prevention and treatment of several neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morello
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" and University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" and University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Zenobi
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" and University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Talamo
- Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Delphine Stephan
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France
| | - Verena Landel
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France
| | - François Féron
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Millet
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France.,Association UNIVI (Agirc-Arrco), 75010 Paris, France.,Hôpital Gériatrique les Magnolias, Ballainvilliers, France
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23
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Raabe FJ, Slapakova L, Rossner MJ, Cantuti-Castelvetri L, Simons M, Falkai PG, Schmitt A. Oligodendrocytes as A New Therapeutic Target in Schizophrenia: From Histopathological Findings to Neuron-Oligodendrocyte Interaction. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121496. [PMID: 31771166 PMCID: PMC6952785 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging and postmortem studies have revealed disturbed oligodendroglia-related processes in patients with schizophrenia and provided much evidence for disturbed myelination, irregular gene expression, and altered numbers of oligodendrocytes in the brains of schizophrenia patients. Oligodendrocyte deficits in schizophrenia might be a result of failed maturation and disturbed regeneration and may underlie the cognitive deficits of the disease, which are strongly associated with impaired long-term outcome. Cognition depends on the coordinated activity of neurons and interneurons and intact connectivity. Oligodendrocyte precursors form a synaptic network with parvalbuminergic interneurons, and disturbed crosstalk between these cells may be a cellular basis of pathology in schizophrenia. However, very little is known about the exact axon-glial cellular and molecular processes that may be disturbed in schizophrenia. Until now, investigations were restricted to peripheral tissues, such as blood, correlative imaging studies, genetics, and molecular and histological analyses of postmortem brain samples. The advent of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) will enable functional analysis in patient-derived living cells and holds great potential for understanding the molecular mechanisms of disturbed oligodendroglial function in schizophrenia. Targeting such mechanisms may contribute to new treatment strategies for previously treatment-resistant cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian J. Raabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany; (F.J.R.); (L.S.); (P.G.F.)
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Kraepelinstr, 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Lenka Slapakova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany; (F.J.R.); (L.S.); (P.G.F.)
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Kraepelinstr, 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz J. Rossner
- Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Ludovico Cantuti-Castelvetri
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.C.-C.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikael Simons
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.C.-C.); (M.S.)
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter G. Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany; (F.J.R.); (L.S.); (P.G.F.)
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany; (F.J.R.); (L.S.); (P.G.F.)
- Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, 05453-010 São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)89-4400-52761; Fax: +49-(0)89-4400-55530
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Healy LM, Yaqubi M, Ludwin S, Antel JP. Species differences in immune-mediated CNS tissue injury and repair: A (neuro)inflammatory topic. Glia 2019; 68:811-829. [PMID: 31724770 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems in the brain parenchyma and in the meningeal spaces contribute to physiologic functions and disease states in the central nervous system (CNS). Animal studies have demonstrated the involvement of immune constituents, along with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, in neural development and rare genetic disorders (e.g., colony stimulating factor 1 receptor [CSF1R] deficiency). Genome wide association studies suggest a comparable role of the immune system in humans. Although the CNS can be the target of primary autoimmune disorders, no current experimental model captures all of the features of the most common human disorder placed in this category, multiple sclerosis (MS). Such features include spontaneous onset, environmental contributions, and a recurrent/progressive disease course in a genetically predisposed host. Numerous therapeutic interventions related to antigen and cytokine specific therapies have demonstrated effectiveness in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model used to define principles underlying immune-mediated mechanisms in MS. Despite the similarities in the two diseases, most treatments used to ameliorate EAE have failed to translate to the human disease. As directly demonstrated in animal models and implicated by correlative studies in humans, adaptive and innate immune constituents within the systemic compartment and resident in the CNS contribute to the disease course of neurodegenerative and neurobehavioral disorders. The expanding knowledge of the molecular properties of glial cells provides increasing insights into species related variables. These variables affect glial bidirectional interactions with the immune system as well as their own production of "immune molecules" that mediate tissue injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke M Healy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel Ludwin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Beigi Boroujeni F, Pasbakhsh P, Mortezaee K, Pirhajati V, Alizadeh R, Aryanpour R, Madadi S, Ragerdi Kashani I. Intranasal delivery of SDF-1α-preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal cells improves remyelination in the cuprizone-induced mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:499-511. [PMID: 31631484 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to disability in middle-aged individuals. High rates of apoptosis and inappropriate homing are limitations for the application of stem cells in cell therapy. Preconditioning of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α), also called C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), is an approach for improving the functional features of the cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of intranasal delivery of SDF-1α preconditioned BMSCs in the cuprizone-induced chronically demyelinated mice model. BMSCs were isolated, cultured, and preconditioned with SDF-1α. Then, intranasal delivery of the preconditioned cells was performed in the C57BL/6 mice receiving cuprizone for 12 weeks. Animals were killed at 30 days after cell delivery. SDF-1α preconditioning increased C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression on the surface of BMSCs, improved survival of the cells, and decreased their apoptosis in vitro. SDF-1α preconditioning also improved CXCL12 level within the brain, and enhanced spatial learning and memory (assessed by Morris water maze [MWM]), and myelination (assessed by Luxol fast blue [LFB] and transmission electron microscopy [TEM]). In addition, preconditioning of BMSCs with SDF-1α reduced the protein expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (Iba-1) and increased the expressions of oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor-2 (Olig-2) and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), evaluated by immunofluorescence. The results showed the efficacy of intranasal delivery of SDF-1α-preconditioned BMSCs for improving remyelination in the cuprizone model of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Beigi Boroujeni
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1417653761, Iran
| | - Parichehr Pasbakhsh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1417653761, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Vahid Pirhajati
- Neuroscience Research Center, Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran, 1445613131, Iran
| | - Roya Aryanpour
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, 7591741417, Iran
| | - Soheila Madadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1417653761, Iran
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1417653761, Iran
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Stadelmann C, Timmler S, Barrantes-Freer A, Simons M. Myelin in the Central Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Pathology. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1381-1431. [PMID: 31066630 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00031.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes generate multiple layers of myelin membrane around axons of the central nervous system to enable fast and efficient nerve conduction. Until recently, saltatory nerve conduction was considered the only purpose of myelin, but it is now clear that myelin has more functions. In fact, myelinating oligodendrocytes are embedded in a vast network of interconnected glial and neuronal cells, and increasing evidence supports an active role of oligodendrocytes within this assembly, for example, by providing metabolic support to neurons, by regulating ion and water homeostasis, and by adapting to activity-dependent neuronal signals. The molecular complexity governing these interactions requires an in-depth molecular understanding of how oligodendrocytes and axons interact and how they generate, maintain, and remodel their myelin sheaths. This review deals with the biology of myelin, the expanded relationship of myelin with its underlying axons and the neighboring cells, and its disturbances in various diseases such as multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Furthermore, we will highlight how specific interactions between astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia contribute to demyelination in hereditary white matter pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Stadelmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany ; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich , Germany ; Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany ; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich , Germany ; and Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen , Germany
| | - Sebastian Timmler
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany ; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich , Germany ; Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany ; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich , Germany ; and Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen , Germany
| | - Alonso Barrantes-Freer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany ; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich , Germany ; Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany ; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich , Germany ; and Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen , Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany ; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich , Germany ; Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany ; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich , Germany ; and Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen , Germany
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27
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Esmonde-White C, Yaqubi M, Bilodeau PA, Cui QL, Pernin F, Larochelle C, Ghadiri M, Xu YKT, Kennedy TE, Hall J, Healy LM, Antel JP. Distinct Function-Related Molecular Profile of Adult Human A2B5-Positive Pre-Oligodendrocytes Versus Mature Oligodendrocytes. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:468-479. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | | | - Qiao Ling Cui
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Florian Pernin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | | | - Mahtab Ghadiri
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yu Kang T Xu
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Jeffery Hall
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luke M Healy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
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28
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Hoch-Kraft P, Trotter J, Gonsior C. Missing in Action: Dysfunctional RNA Metabolism in Oligodendroglial Cells as a Contributor to Neurodegenerative Diseases? Neurochem Res 2019; 45:566-579. [PMID: 30843138 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The formation of myelin around axons by oligodendrocytes (OL) poses an enormous synthetic and energy challenge for the glial cell. Local translation of transcripts, including the mRNA for the essential myelin protein Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) at the site of myelin deposition has been recognised as an efficient mechanism to assure proper myelin sheath assembly. Oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs) form synapses with neurons and may localise many additional mRNAs in a similar fashion to synapses between neurons. In some diseases in which demyelination occurs, an abundance of OPCs is present but there is a failure to efficiently remyelinate and to synthesise MBP. This compromises axonal survival and function. OPCs are especially sensitive to cellular stress as occurring in neurodegenerative diseases, which can impinge on their ability to translate mRNAs into protein. Stress causes the build up of cytoplasmic stress granules (SG) in which many RNAs are sequestered and translationally stalled until the stress ceases. Chronic stress in particular could convert this initially protective reaction of the cell into damage, as persistence of SG may lead to pathological aggregate formation or long-term translation block of SG-associated RNAs. The recent recognition that many neurodegenerative diseases often exhibit an early white matter pathology with a proliferation of surviving OPCs, renders a study of the stress-associated processes in oligodendrocytes and OPCs especially relevant. Here, we discuss a potential dysfunction of RNA regulation in myelin diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Vanishing white matter disease (VWM) and potential contributions of OL dysfunction to neurodegenerative diseases such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Fragile X syndrome (FXS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hoch-Kraft
- Cellular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzelweg 3, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Trotter
- Cellular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzelweg 3, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Constantin Gonsior
- Cellular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzelweg 3, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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29
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Altered human oligodendrocyte heterogeneity in multiple sclerosis. Nature 2019; 566:543-547. [PMID: 30747918 PMCID: PMC6544546 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte pathology is increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative diseases as oligodendrocytes both myelinate and provide metabolic support to axons. In multiple sclerosis (MS), demyelination in the central nervous system thus leads to neurodegeneration, but the severity of MS between patients is very variable. Disability does not correlate well with the extent of demyelination1, which suggests that other factors contribute to this variability. One such factor may be oligodendrocyte heterogeneity. Not all oligodendrocytes are the same-those from the mouse spinal cord inherently produce longer myelin sheaths than those from the cortex2, and single-cell analysis of the mouse central nervous system identified further differences3,4. However, the extent of human oligodendrocyte heterogeneity and its possible contribution to MS pathology remain unknown. Here we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing from white matter areas of post-mortem human brain from patients with MS and from unaffected controls. We identified subclusters of oligodendroglia in control human white matter, some with similarities to mouse, and defined new markers for these cell states. Notably, some subclusters were underrepresented in MS tissue, whereas others were more prevalent. These differences in mature oligodendrocyte subclusters may indicate different functional states of oligodendrocytes in MS lesions. We found similar changes in normal-appearing white matter, showing that MS is a more diffuse disease than its focal demyelination suggests. Our findings of an altered oligodendroglial heterogeneity in MS may be important for understanding disease progression and developing therapeutic approaches.
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Interactive Repression of MYRF Self-Cleavage and Activity in Oligodendrocyte Differentiation by TMEM98 Protein. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9829-9839. [PMID: 30249802 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0154-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin sheath formed by oligodendrocytes (OLs) is essential for the rapid propagation of action potentials in the vertebrate CNS. Myelin regulatory factor (MYRF) is one of the critical factors that control OL differentiation and myelin maintenance. Previous studies showed that MYRF is a membrane-bound transcription factor associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). After self-cleavage, the N-fragment of MYRF is released from the ER and translocated into the nucleus where it functions as a transcription factor to activate myelin gene expression. At present, it remains unknown whether MYRF self-cleavage and functional activation can be regulated during OL differentiation. Here, we report that TMEM98, an ER-associated transmembrane protein, is capable of binding to the C-terminal of MYRF and inhibiting its self-cleavage and N-fragment nuclear translocation. In the developing CNS, TMEM98 is selectively expressed in early maturing OLs in mouse pups of either sex. Forced expression of TMEM98 in embryonic chicken spinal cord of either sex suppresses endogenous OL differentiation and MYRF-induced ectopic expression of myelin genes. These results suggest that TMEM98, through inhibiting the self-cleavage of MYRF, functions as a negative feedback regulator of MYRF in oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT MYRF protein is initially synthesized as an ER-associated membrane protein that undergoes autoproteolytic cleavage to release the N-fragment, which is then transported into the nucleus and activates the transcription of myelin genes. To date, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the self-cleavage and function of MYRF in regulating oligodendrocyte differentiation have remained unknown. In this study, we present the molecular and functional evidence that TMEM98 membrane protein physically interacts with MYRF in the ER and subsequently blocks its self-cleavage, N-terminal nuclear translocation, and functional activation of myelin gene expression. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the regulation of MYRF self-proteolytic activity and function by an interacting protein, providing new insights into the molecular regulation of OL differentiation and myelinogenesis.
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Chedrawe MAJ, Holman SP, Lamport AC, Akay T, Robertson GS. Pioglitazone is superior to quetiapine, clozapine and tamoxifen at alleviating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 321:72-82. [PMID: 29957391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that clozapine and quetiapine (atypical antipsychotics), tamoxifen (selective-estrogen receptor modulator) and pioglitazone (PPARγ agonist) may improve functional recovery in multiple sclerosis (MS). We have compared the effectiveness of oral administration of these drugs, beginning at peak disease, at reducing ascending paralysis, motor deficits and demyelination in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Mice were immunized with an immunogenic peptide corresponding to amino acids 35-55 of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) in complete Freund's adjuvant and injected with pertussis toxin to induce EAE. Unlike clozapine, quetiapine and tamoxifen, administration of pioglitazone beginning at peak disease decreased both clinical scores and lumbar white matter loss in EAE mice. Using kinematic gait analysis, we found that pioglitazone also maintained normal movement of the hip, knee and ankle joints for at least 44 days after MOG35-55 immunization. This long-lasting preservation of hindleg joint movements was accompanied by reduced white matter loss, microglial and macrophage activation and the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in the lumbar spinal cords of EAE mice. These results support clinical findings that suggest pioglitazone may reduce the progressive loss of motor function in MS by decreasing inflammation and myelin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A J Chedrawe
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, 2nd floor, Life Sciences Research Institute, 1348 Summer Street, P.O. Box 15000, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Scott P Holman
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, 2nd floor, Life Sciences Research Institute, 1348 Summer Street, P.O. Box 15000, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Anna-Claire Lamport
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, 2nd floor, Life Sciences Research Institute, 1348 Summer Street, P.O. Box 15000, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Turgay Akay
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, 3rd floor, Life Sciences Research Institute, 1348 Summer Street, P.O. Box 15000, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - George S Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, 2nd floor, Life Sciences Research Institute, 1348 Summer Street, P.O. Box 15000, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, 8th floor, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 2E2, Canada.
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32
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TRPV4 is functionally expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells and increases their proliferation. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:705-716. [PMID: 29569183 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes, which differentiate from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), ensheath axons with myelin, play an essential role in rapid conduction of action potentials and metabolically support neurons. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival of OPCs is considered indispensable for determining the causes of central nervous system diseases. However, the relationship between these functions of OPCs and their intracellular Ca2+ signaling has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the function of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a Ca2+-permeable channel that responds to hypo-osmolarity, mild temperature, mechanical stimulation, and endogenous arachidonic acid metabolites, in OPCs. Trpv4 mRNA was detected in OPCs in vivo and in primary cultured rat OPCs. In Ca2+ imaging experiments, treatment with the selective TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A induced sustained elevation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in OPCs in a concentration-dependent manner, which was almost completely suppressed by co-treatment with the selective TRPV4 antagonist HC067047. Stimulation of TRPV4 by GSK1016790A augmented OPC proliferation, which was abolished by co-treatment with HC067047, the intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM, and the protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide II. By contrast, GSK1016790A did not significantly affect the migration or differentiation of OPCs. Taken together, these results suggest that TRPV4 is functionally expressed in OPCs and increases the proliferation of these cells without affecting their ability to differentiate into oligodendrocytes.
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33
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Antel JP, Lin YH, Cui QL, Pernin F, Kennedy TE, Ludwin SK, Healy LM. Immunology of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in vivo and in vitro. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 331:28-35. [PMID: 29566973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Remyelination following myelin/oligodendrocyte injury in the central nervous system (CNS) is dependent on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) migrating into lesion sites, differentiating into myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs), and ensheathing axons. Experimental models indicate that robust OPC-dependent remyelination can occur in the CNS; in contrast, histologic and imaging studies of lesions in the human disease multiple sclerosis (MS) indicate the variable extent of this response, which is particularly limited in more chronic MS lesions. Immune-mediated mechanisms can contribute either positively or negatively to the presence and functional responses of OPCs. This review addresses i) the molecular signature and functional properties of OPCs in the adult human brain; ii) the status (presence and function) of OPCs in MS lesions; iii) experimental models and in vitro data highlighting the contribution of adaptive and innate immune constituents to OPC injury and remyelination; and iv) effects of MS-directed immunotherapies on OPCs, either directly or indirectly via effects on specific immune constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yun Hsuan Lin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florian Pernin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel K Ludwin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Luke M Healy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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34
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Teske N, Liessem A, Fischbach F, Clarner T, Beyer C, Wruck C, Fragoulis A, Tauber SC, Victor M, Kipp M. Chemical hypoxia-induced integrated stress response activation in oligodendrocytes is mediated by the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2). J Neurochem 2018; 144:285-301. [PMID: 29210072 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The extent of remyelination in multiple sclerosis lesions is often incomplete. Injury to oligodendrocyte progenitor cells can be a contributing factor for such incomplete remyelination. The precise mechanisms underlying insufficient repair remain to be defined, but oxidative stress appears to be involved. Here, we used immortalized oligodendrocyte cell lines as model systems to investigate a causal relation of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling cascades. OLN93 and OliNeu cells were subjected to chemical hypoxia by blocking the respiratory chain at various levels. Mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative stress levels were quantified by flow cytometry. Endoplasmic reticulum stress was monitored by the expression induction of activating transcription factor 3 and 4 (Atf3, Atf4), DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (Ddit3), and glucose-regulated protein 94. Lentiviral silencing of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 or kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 was applied to study the relevance of NRF2 for endoplasmic reticulum stress responses. We demonstrate that inhibition of the respiratory chain induces oxidative stress in cultured oligodendrocytes which is paralleled by the expression induction of distinct mediators of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, namely Atf3, Atf4, and Ddit3. Atf3 and Ddit3 expression induction is potentiated in kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-deficient cells and absent in cells lacking the oxidative stress-related transcription factor NRF2. This study provides strong evidence that oxidative stress in oligodendrocytes activates endoplasmic reticulum stress response in a NRF2-dependent manner and, in consequence, might regulate oligodendrocyte degeneration in multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Teske
- Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Liessem
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and JARA-BRAIN, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Fischbach
- Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Clarner
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and JARA-BRAIN, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and JARA-BRAIN, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Simone C Tauber
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marion Victor
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Kipp
- Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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35
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Kotelnikova E, Kiani NA, Abad E, Martinez-Lapiscina EH, Andorra M, Zubizarreta I, Pulido-Valdeolivas I, Pertsovskaya I, Alexopoulos LG, Olsson T, Martin R, Paul F, Tegnér J, Garcia-Ojalvo J, Villoslada P. Dynamics and heterogeneity of brain damage in multiple sclerosis. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005757. [PMID: 29073203 PMCID: PMC5657613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease driving inflammatory and degenerative processes that damage the central nervous system (CNS). However, it is not well understood how these events interact and evolve to evoke such a highly dynamic and heterogeneous disease. We established a hypothesis whereby the variability in the course of MS is driven by the very same pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the disease, the autoimmune attack on the CNS that leads to chronic inflammation, neuroaxonal degeneration and remyelination. We propose that each of these processes acts more or less severely and at different times in each of the clinical subgroups. To test this hypothesis, we developed a mathematical model that was constrained by experimental data (the expanded disability status scale [EDSS] time series) obtained from a retrospective longitudinal cohort of 66 MS patients with a long-term follow-up (up to 20 years). Moreover, we validated this model in a second prospective cohort of 120 MS patients with a three-year follow-up, for which EDSS data and brain volume time series were available. The clinical heterogeneity in the datasets was reduced by grouping the EDSS time series using an unsupervised clustering analysis. We found that by adjusting certain parameters, albeit within their biological range, the mathematical model reproduced the different disease courses, supporting the dynamic CNS damage hypothesis to explain MS heterogeneity. Our analysis suggests that the irreversible axon degeneration produced in the early stages of progressive MS is mainly due to the higher rate of myelinated axon degeneration, coupled to the lower capacity for remyelination. However, and in agreement with recent pathological studies, degeneration of chronically demyelinated axons is not a key feature that distinguishes this phenotype. Moreover, the model reveals that lower rates of axon degeneration and more rapid remyelination make relapsing MS more resilient than the progressive subtype. Therefore, our results support the hypothesis of a common pathogenesis for the different MS subtypes, even in the presence of genetic and environmental heterogeneity. Hence, MS can be considered as a single disease in which specific dynamics can provoke a variety of clinical outcomes in different patient groups. These results have important implications for the design of therapeutic interventions for MS at different stages of the disease. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which inflammatory and degenerative processes damage the brain. We tested the hypothesis that the variability in disease progression and the clinical heterogeneity observed in MS is driven by a single mechanism, namely the autoimmune attack on the CNS that provokes this chronic inflammation and degeneration. As such, it is the difference in the intensity of these processes at distinct times that is responsible for establishing each of the disease subtypes defined to date. Mathematical models of brain damage and disease course were generated that were fitted to clinical data. We found that the phenotypes of the different MS subtypes were reproduced by the model, supporting the concept of a common pathogenesis and thus, that of a single disease in which specific dynamics can produce a variety of clinical outcomes in different groups of patients. These results are likely to be helpful when designing new therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Kotelnikova
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Narsis A. Kiani
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine & Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Abad
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena H. Martinez-Lapiscina
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magi Andorra
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irati Zubizarreta
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inna Pertsovskaya
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Tomas Olsson
- Unit of Neuroimmunology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Martin
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research, Neurology Clinic, University Hospital, University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Friedemann Paul
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, and the Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jesper Tegnér
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine & Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division & Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Pablo Villoslada
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- University of California, San Francisco, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rao VTS, Khan D, Cui QL, Fuh SC, Hossain S, Almazan G, Multhaup G, Healy LM, Kennedy TE, Antel JP. Distinct age and differentiation-state dependent metabolic profiles of oligodendrocytes under optimal and stress conditions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182372. [PMID: 28792512 PMCID: PMC5549710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the microenvironment of multiple sclerosis lesions, oligodendrocytes are subject to metabolic stress reflecting effects of focal ischemia and inflammation. Previous studies have shown that under optimal conditions in vitro, the respiratory activity of human adult brain-derived oligodendrocytes is lower and more predominantly glycolytic compared to oligodendrocytes differentiated in vitro from post natal rat brain oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. In response to sub-lethal metabolic stress, adult human oligodendrocytes reduce overall energy production rate impacting the capacity to maintain myelination. Here, we directly compare the metabolic profiles of oligodendrocytes derived from adult rat brain with oligodendrocytes newly differentiated in vitro from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells obtained from the post natal rat brain, under both optimal culture and metabolic stress (low/no glucose) conditions. Oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates were measured using a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer. Our findings indicate that under optimal conditions, adult rat oligodendrocytes preferentially use glycolysis whereas newly differentiated post natal rat oligodendrocytes, and the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from which they are derived, mainly utilize oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP. Metabolic stress increases the rate of ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation and significantly reduces glycolysis in adult oligodendrocytes. The rate of ATP production was relatively unchanged in newly differentiated post natal oligodendrocytes under these stress conditions, while it was significantly reduced in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Our study indicates that both age and maturation influence the metabolic profile under optimal and stressed conditions, emphasizing the need to consider these variables for in vitro studies that aim to model adult human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayaraghava T. S. Rao
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Damla Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shih-Chieh Fuh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shireen Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillermina Almazan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gerhard Multhaup
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luke M. Healy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jack P. Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Oligodendrogliopathy in Multiple Sclerosis: Low Glycolytic Metabolic Rate Promotes Oligodendrocyte Survival. J Neurosci 2017; 36:4698-707. [PMID: 27122029 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4077-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions feature demyelination with limited remyelination. A distinct injury phenotype of MS lesions features dying back of oligodendrocyte (OL) terminal processes, a response that destabilizes myelin/axon interactions. This oligodendrogliopathy has been linked with local metabolic stress, similar to the penumbra of ischemic/hypoxic states. Here, we developed an in vitro oligodendrogliopathy model using human CNS-derived OLs and related this injury response to their distinct bioenergetic properties. We determined the energy utilization properties of adult human surgically derived OLs cultured under either optimal or metabolic stress conditions, deprivation of growth factors, and glucose and/or hypoxia using a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer. Baseline studies were also performed on OL progenitor cells derived from the same tissue and postnatal rat-derived cells. Under basal conditions, adult human OLs were less metabolically active than their progenitors and both were less active than the rat cells. Human OLs and progenitors both used aerobic glycolysis for the majority of ATP production, a process that contributes to protein and lipid production necessary for myelin biosynthesis. Under stress conditions that induce significant process retraction with only marginal cell death, human OLs exhibited a significant reduction in overall energy utilization, particularly in glycolytic ATP production. The stress-induced reduction of glycolytic ATP production by the human OLs would exacerbate myelin process withdrawal while favoring cell survival, providing a potential basis for the oligodendrogliopathy observed in MS. The glycolytic pathway is a potential therapeutic target to promote myelin maintenance and enhance repair in MS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The neurologic deficits that characterize multiple sclerosis (MS) reflect disruption of myelin (demyelination) within the CNS and failure of repair (remyelination). We define distinct energy utilization properties of human adult brain-derived oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells under conditions of metabolic stress that model the initial relapsing and subsequent progressive phases of MS. The observed changes in energy utilization affect both cell survival and myelination capacity. These processes may be amenable to therapeutic interventions to limit the extent of cumulative tissue injury and to promote repair in MS.
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Cui QL, Khan D, Rone M, T.S. Rao V, Johnson RM, Lin YH, Bilodeau PA, Hall JA, Rodriguez M, Kennedy TE, Ludwin SK, Antel JP. Sublethal oligodendrocyte injury: A reversible condition in multiple sclerosis? Ann Neurol 2017; 81:811-824. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.24944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Ling Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Damla Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Malena Rone
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Vijayaraghava T.S. Rao
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Yun Hsuan Lin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Philippe-Antoine Bilodeau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Jeffery A. Hall
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Samuel K. Ludwin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; Queens University; Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Jack P. Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
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39
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Medina-Rodríguez EM, Bribián A, Boyd A, Palomo V, Pastor J, Lagares A, Gil C, Martínez A, Williams A, de Castro F. Promoting in vivo remyelination with small molecules: a neuroreparative pharmacological treatment for Multiple Sclerosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43545. [PMID: 28256546 PMCID: PMC5335257 DOI: 10.1038/srep43545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease where immune-driven demyelination occurs with inefficient remyelination, but therapies are limited, especially those to enhance repair. Here, we show that the dual phosphodiesterase (PDE)7- glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3 inhibitor, VP3.15, a heterocyclic small molecule with good pharmacokinetic properties and safety profile, improves in vivo remyelination in mouse and increases both adult mouse and adult human oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation, in addition to its immune regulatory action. The dual inhibition is synergistic, as increasing intracellular levels of cAMP by cyclic nucleotide PDE inhibition both suppresses the immune response and increases remyelination, and in addition, inhibition of GSK3 limits experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. This combination of an advantageous effect on the immune response and an enhancement of repair, plus demonstration of its activity on adult human OPCs, leads us to propose dual PDE7-GSK3 inhibition, and specifically VP3.15, as a neuroprotective and neuroreparative disease-modifying treatment for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva María Medina-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca la Peraleda s/n, E- 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ana Bribián
- Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca la Peraleda s/n, E- 45071, Toledo, Spain
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Avda. Dr. Arce 37, E-28002, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda Boyd
- MRC-Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH164UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Valle Palomo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB-CSIC, Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pastor
- Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica, Hospital La Princesa, Calle Diego de León 62, E-28006,Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Lagares
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Córdoba s/n, E-28041,Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB-CSIC, Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB-CSIC, Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Williams
- MRC-Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH164UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fernando de Castro
- Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca la Peraleda s/n, E- 45071, Toledo, Spain
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Avda. Dr. Arce 37, E-28002, Madrid, Spain
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40
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Meyer K, Kaspar BK. Glia-neuron interactions in neurological diseases: Testing non-cell autonomy in a dish. Brain Res 2017; 1656:27-39. [PMID: 26778174 PMCID: PMC4939136 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For the past century, research on neurological disorders has largely focused on the most prominently affected cell types - the neurons. However, with increasing knowledge of the diverse physiological functions of glial cells, their impact on these diseases has become more evident. Thus, many conditions appear to have more complex origins than initially thought. Since neurological pathologies are often sporadic with unknown etiology, animal models are difficult to create and might only reflect a small portion of patients in which a mutation in a gene has been identified. Therefore, reliable in vitro systems to studying these disorders are urgently needed. They might be a pre-requisite for improving our understanding of the disease mechanisms as well as for the development of potential new therapies. In this review, we will briefly summarize the function of different glial cell types in the healthy central nervous system (CNS) and outline their implication in the development or progression of neurological conditions. We will then describe different types of culture systems to model non-cell autonomous interactions in vitro and evaluate advantages and disadvantages. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Exploiting human neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Meyer
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian K Kaspar
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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41
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Transplanted miR-219-overexpressing oligodendrocyte precursor cells promoted remyelination and improved functional recovery in a chronic demyelinated model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41407. [PMID: 28145507 PMCID: PMC5286453 DOI: 10.1038/srep41407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) have the ability to repair demyelinated lesions by maturing into myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. Recent evidence suggests that miR-219 helps regulate the differentiation of OPCs into oligodendrocytes. We performed oligodendrocyte differentiation studies using miR-219-overexpressing mouse embryonic stem cells (miR219-mESCs). The self-renewal and multiple differentiation properties of miR219-mESCs were analyzed by the expression of the stage-specific cell markers Nanog, Oct4, nestin, musashi1, GFAP, Tuj1 and O4. MiR-219 accelerated the differentiation of mESC-derived neural precursor cells (NPCs) into OPCs. We further transplanted OPCs derived from miR219-mESCs (miR219-OPCs) into cuprizone-induced chronically demyelinated mice to observe remyelination, which resulted in well-contained oligodendrocyte grafts that migrated along the corpus callosum and matured to express myelin basic protein (MBP). Ultrastructural studies further confirmed the presence of new myelin sheaths. Improved cognitive function in these mice was confirmed by behavioral tests. Importantly, the transplanted miR219-OPCs induced the proliferation of endogenous NPCs. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that miR-219 rapidly transforms mESCs into oligodendrocyte lineage cells and that the transplantation of miR219-OPCs not only promotes remyelination and improves cognitive function but also enhances the proliferation of host endogenous NPCs following chronic demyelination. These results support the potential of a therapeutic role for miR-219 in demyelinating diseases.
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42
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Dulamea AO. Role of Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in Demyelination, Remyelination and Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 958:91-127. [PMID: 28093710 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47861-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS) during development and throughout adulthood. They result from a complex and well controlled process of activation, proliferation, migration and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) from the germinative niches of the CNS. In multiple sclerosis (MS), the complex pathological process produces dysfunction and apoptosis of OLs leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration. This review attempts to describe the patterns of demyelination in MS, the steps involved in oligodendrogenesis and myelination in healthy CNS, the different pathways leading to OLs and myelin loss in MS, as well as principles involved in restoration of myelin sheaths. Environmental factors and their impact on OLs and pathological mechanisms of MS are also discussed. Finally, we will present evidence about the potential therapeutic targets in re-myelination processes that can be accessed in order to develop regenerative therapies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Octaviana Dulamea
- Neurology Clinic, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Fundeni Clinical Institute, Building A, Neurology Clinic, Room 201, 022328, Bucharest, Romania.
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43
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Shroff G. Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Lyme Disease. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2016; 17:944-949. [PMID: 27956736 PMCID: PMC5156555 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.899745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Case series Patient: Male, 42 • Female, 30 Final Diagnosis: Human embryonic stem cells showed good therapeutic potential for treatment of multiple sclerosis with lyme disease Symptoms: Fatigue • weakness in limbs Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Human embryonic stem cells transplantation Specialty: Transplantology
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Shroff
- Department of Stem Cell Therapy, Nutech Mediworld, New Delhi, India
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Development of a high throughput drug screening assay to identify compounds that protect oligodendrocyte viability and differentiation under inflammatory conditions. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:444. [PMID: 27629829 PMCID: PMC5024459 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newly proliferated oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) migrate and surround lesions of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating diseases, but fail to differentiate into oligodendrocytes (OLs) and remyelinate remaining viable axons. The abundance of secreted inflammatory factors within and surrounding these lesions likely plays a major inhibitory role, promoting cell death and preventing OL differentiation and axon remyelination. To identify clinical candidate compounds that may protect existing and differentiating OLs in patients, we have developed a high throughput screening (HTS) assay that utilizes purified rat OPCs. Results Using a fluorescent indicator of cell viability coupled with image quantification, we developed an assay to allow the identification of compounds that promote OL viability and differentiation in the presence of the synergistic inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor α and interferon-γ. We have utilized this assay to screen the NIH clinical collection library and identify compounds that protect OLs and promote OL differentiation in the presence of these inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion This primary OL-based cytokine protection assay is adaptable for HTS and may be easily modified for profiling of compounds in the presence of other potentially inhibitory molecules found in MS lesions. This assay should be of use to those interested in identifying drugs for the treatment of MS and other demyelinating diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2219-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Potential Benefit of the Charge-Stabilized Nanostructure Saline RNS60 for Myelin Maintenance and Repair. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30020. [PMID: 27451946 PMCID: PMC4958964 DOI: 10.1038/srep30020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin injury in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been attributed both to “outside-in” primary immune mediated and “inside-out” metabolic stress of oligodendrocyte (OL) related mechanisms. Subsequent remyelination is dependent on recruitment and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). RNS60 is a physically-modified saline containing charge-stabilized nanobubbles generated by subjecting normal saline to Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille (TCP) flow under elevated oxygen pressure. Administration of RNS60 has been shown to reduce the severity of EAE by dampening the immune response and myelin loss. Additionally, RNS60 has been demonstrated to enhance mitochondrial ATP synthesis in neurons. Here, we used post-natal rat derived OLs and OPCs to assess the impact of RNS60 on the response of OLs to metabolic stress in vitro (glucose-nutrient deprivation, referred to as ‘NG’) and on OPC differentiation capacity. Under the NG condition, our findings indicate that RNS60 decreases caspases 3/7 activation. Respirometric analyses revealed that RNS60 increased spare glycolytic capacity (SGC) under normal culture conditions. However, RNS60 enhanced OL spare respiratory capacity (SRC) when a metabolic stress was present. Furthermore, we show that RNS60 promotes OPC differentiation under physiological conditions. Our findings provide evidence for the potential therapeutic efficacy of RNS60 through the promotion of OL survival and OPC differentiation.
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46
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Flygt J, Gumucio A, Ingelsson M, Skoglund K, Holm J, Alafuzoff I, Marklund N. Human Traumatic Brain Injury Results in Oligodendrocyte Death and Increases the Number of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:503-15. [PMID: 27105664 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte (OL) death may contribute to white matter pathology, a common cause of network dysfunction and persistent cognitive problems in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) persist throughout the adult CNS and may replace dead OLs. OL death and OPCs were analyzed by immunohistochemistry of human brain tissue samples, surgically removed due to life-threatening contusions and/or focal brain swelling at 60.6 ± 75 hours (range 4-192 hours) postinjury in 10 severe TBI patients (age 51.7 ± 18.5 years). Control brain tissue was obtained postmortem from 5 age-matched patients without CNS disorders. TUNEL and CC1 co-labeling was used to analyze apoptotic OLs, which were increased in injured brain tissue (p < 0.05), without correlation with time from injury until surgery. The OPC markers Olig2, A2B5, NG2, and PDGFR-α were used. In contrast to the number of single-labeled Olig2, A2B5, NG2, and PDGFR-α-positive cells, numbers of Olig2 and A2B5 co-labeled cells were increased in TBI samples (p < 0.05); this was inversely correlated with time from injury to surgery (r = -0.8, p < 0.05). These results indicate that severe focal human TBI results in OL death and increases in OPCs postinjury, which may influence white matter function following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Flygt
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery (JF, KS, JH, NM), and Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics (AG, MI), and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IA), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Astrid Gumucio
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery (JF, KS, JH, NM), and Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics (AG, MI), and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IA), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery (JF, KS, JH, NM), and Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics (AG, MI), and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IA), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Skoglund
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery (JF, KS, JH, NM), and Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics (AG, MI), and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IA), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Holm
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery (JF, KS, JH, NM), and Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics (AG, MI), and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IA), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irina Alafuzoff
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery (JF, KS, JH, NM), and Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics (AG, MI), and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IA), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niklas Marklund
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery (JF, KS, JH, NM), and Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics (AG, MI), and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IA), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Spring cleaning: time to rethink imaging research lines in MS? J Neurol 2016; 263:1893-902. [PMID: 26886204 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Together with recently advanced MRI technological capability, new needs and updated questions are emerging in imaging research in multiple sclerosis (MS), especially with respect to the identification of novel in vivo biomarkers of MS-relevant pathological processes. Expected benefits will involve approaches to diagnosis and clinical classification. In detail, three main points of discussion are addressed in this review: (1) new imaging biomarkers (centrifugal/centripetal lesion enhancement, central vein, paramagnetic rims at the lesion edge, subpial cortical demyelination); (2) thinking about high-resolution MR from a pathological perspective (from postmortem to in vivo staging); and (3) the clinical utility of quantitative MRI. In this context, research efforts should increasingly be focused on the direct in vivo visualization of "hidden" inflammation, beyond what can be detected with conventional gadolinium-based methods, as well as remyelination and repair, since these are likely to represent critical pathological processes and potential therapeutic targets. Concluding remarks concern the limitations, challenges, and ultimately clinical role of non-conventional MRI techniques.
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Influence of Jagged1 on apoptosis-related gene expression: a microarray database analysis. Genes Genomics 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-015-0316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Maus F, Sakry D, Binamé F, Karram K, Rajalingam K, Watts C, Heywood R, Krüger R, Stegmüller J, Werner HB, Nave KA, Krämer-Albers EM, Trotter J. The NG2 Proteoglycan Protects Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells against Oxidative Stress via Interaction with OMI/HtrA2. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137311. [PMID: 26340347 PMCID: PMC4560422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The NG2 proteoglycan is characteristically expressed by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) and also by aggressive brain tumours highly resistant to chemo- and radiation therapy. Oligodendrocyte-lineage cells are particularly sensitive to stress resulting in cell death in white matter after hypoxic or ischemic insults of premature infants and destruction of OPC in some types of Multiple Sclerosis lesions. Here we show that the NG2 proteoglycan binds OMI/HtrA2, a mitochondrial serine protease which is released from damaged mitochondria into the cytosol in response to stress. In the cytosol, OMI/HtrA2 initiates apoptosis by proteolytic degradation of anti-apoptotic factors. OPC in which NG2 has been downregulated by siRNA, or OPC from the NG2-knockout mouse show an increased sensitivity to oxidative stress evidenced by increased cell death. The proapoptotic protease activity of OMI/HtrA2 in the cytosol can be reduced by the interaction with NG2. Human glioma expressing high levels of NG2 are less sensitive to oxidative stress than those with lower NG2 expression and reducing NG2 expression by siRNA increases cell death in response to oxidative stress. Binding of NG2 to OMI/HtrA2 may thus help protect cells against oxidative stress-induced cell death. This interaction is likely to contribute to the high chemo- and radioresistance of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Maus
- Department of Biology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik Sakry
- Department of Biology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabien Binamé
- Department of Biology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Khalad Karram
- Department of Biology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Krishnaraj Rajalingam
- Research Center for Immune Therapy, Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Colin Watts
- Cambridge University, Dept. Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Heywood
- Cambridge University, Dept. Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg and Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Judith Stegmüller
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hauke B. Werner
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Krämer-Albers
- Department of Biology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Trotter
- Department of Biology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail:
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50
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Carlson NG, Bellamkonda S, Schmidt L, Redd J, Huecksteadt T, Weber LM, Davis E, Wood B, Maruyama T, Rose JW. The role of the prostaglandin E2 receptors in vulnerability of oligodendrocyte precursor cells to death. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:101. [PMID: 25997851 PMCID: PMC4449524 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activity of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in mouse oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) modulates vulnerability to excitotoxic challenge. The mechanism by which COX-2 renders OPCs more sensitive to excitotoxicity is not known. In the present study, we examined the hypothesis that OPC excitotoxic death is augmented by COX-2-generated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) acting on specific prostanoid receptors which could contribute to OPC death. Methods Dispersed OPC cultures prepared from mice brains were examined for expression of PGE2 receptors and the ability to generate PGE2 following activation of glutamate receptors with kainic acid (KA). OPC death in cultures was induced by either KA, 3′-O-(Benzoyl) benzoyl ATP (BzATP) (which stimulates the purinergic receptor P2X7), or TNFα, and the effects of EP3 receptor agonists and antagonists on OPC viability were examined. Results Stimulation of OPC cultures with KA resulted in nearly a twofold increase in PGE2. OPCs expressed all four PGE receptors (EP1–EP4) as indicated by immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses; however, EP3 was the most abundantly expressed. The EP3 receptor was identified as a candidate contributing to OPC excitotoxic death based on pharmacological evidence. Treatment of OPCs with an EP1/EP3 agonist 17 phenyl-trinor PGE2 reversed protection from a COX-2 inhibitor while inhibition of EP3 receptor protected OPCs from excitotoxicity. Inhibition with an EP1 antagonist had no effect on OPC excitotoxic death. Moreover, inhibition of EP3 was protective against toxic stimulation with KA, BzATP, or TNFα. Conclusion Therefore, inhibitors of the EP3 receptor appear to enhance survival of OPCs following toxic challenge and may help facilitate remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel G Carlson
- Geriatric Research, Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Salt Lake City, USA. .,Neurovirology Laboratory, VASLCHCS, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Center on Aging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Departments of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology Division, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Neurovirology Research Laboratory, (151B), VA SLCHCS, 500 Foothill Dr., Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA.
| | | | - Linda Schmidt
- Neurovirology Laboratory, VASLCHCS, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Jonathan Redd
- Neurovirology Laboratory, VASLCHCS, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | | | | | - Ethan Davis
- Neurovirology Laboratory, VASLCHCS, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Blair Wood
- Neurovirology Laboratory, VASLCHCS, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | | | - John W Rose
- Neurovirology Laboratory, VASLCHCS, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology Division, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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