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Spoto S, Basili S, Cangemi R, Yuste JR, Lucena F, Romiti GF, Raparelli V, Argemi J, D’Avanzo G, Locorriere L, Masini F, Calarco R, Testorio G, Spiezia S, Ciccozzi M, Angeletti S. A Focus on the Pathophysiology of Adrenomedullin Expression: Endothelitis and Organ Damage in Severe Viral and Bacterial Infections. Cells 2024; 13:892. [PMID: 38891025 PMCID: PMC11172186 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a peptide hormone produced primarily in the adrenal glands, playing a crucial role in various physiological processes. As well as improving vascular integrity and decreasing vascular permeability, ADM acts as a vasodilator, positive inotrope, diuretic, natriuretic and bronchodilator, antagonizing angiotensin II by inhibiting aldosterone secretion. ADM also has antihypertrophic, anti-apoptotic, antifibrotic, antioxidant, angiogenic and immunoregulatory effects and antimicrobial properties. ADM expression is upregulated by hypoxia, inflammation-inducing cytokines, viral or bacterial substances, strength of shear stress, and leakage of blood vessels. These pathological conditions are established during systemic inflammation that can result from infections, surgery, trauma/accidents or burns. The ability to rapidly identify infections and the prognostic, predictive power makes it a valuable tool in severe viral and bacterial infections burdened by high incidence and mortality. This review sheds light on the pathophysiological processes that in severe viral or bacterial infections cause endothelitis up to the development of organ damage, the resulting increase in ADM levels dosed through its more stable peptide mid-regional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM), the most significant studies that attest to its diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in highlighting the severity of viral or bacterial infections and appropriate therapeutic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Spoto
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (L.L.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (G.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefania Basili
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale dell’Università, 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (R.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Roberto Cangemi
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale dell’Università, 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (R.C.); (V.R.)
| | - José Ramón Yuste
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Lucena
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (F.L.); (J.A.)
| | - Giulio Francesco Romiti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale dell’Università, 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (R.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Valeria Raparelli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale dell’Università, 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (R.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Josepmaria Argemi
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (F.L.); (J.A.)
| | - Giorgio D’Avanzo
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (L.L.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (G.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Luciana Locorriere
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (L.L.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (G.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Francesco Masini
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (L.L.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (G.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Rodolfo Calarco
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (L.L.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (G.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Giulia Testorio
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (L.L.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (G.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Serenella Spiezia
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (L.L.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (G.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Silvia Angeletti
- Unit of Laboratory, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy;
- Research Unit of Clinical Laboratory Science, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Bayram P, Karamese SA, Erol HS, Ozdemir B, Toktay E, Salum C. Protective effects of a natural product, paeoniflorin, on ischemia reperfusion injury on rat ovary tissue: histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical study. J Histotechnol 2023; 46:170-183. [PMID: 37352381 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2023.2227409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the main hypothesis is that paeoniflorin may inhibit some cellular processes such as oxidative stress and inflammation. For this reason, we aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of a natural compound, paeoniflorin, on rat model of ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury by detecting the oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory process parameters. 42 female Wistar-albino rats were divided into 6 random groups. The rats were subjected to 3-hour ischemia and 3-hour reperfusion process. Then, paeoniflorin at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg were applied 30 min before the reperfusion. The levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-1-β, IL-6, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10, TGF-β) cytokines were measured by ELISA. Similarly, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, NF-κB p65) positivity rates were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Additionally, oxidative stress parameters (MDA, GSH, SOD) were measured by tissue biochemistry. Ischemia-reperfusion injury caused significant increase in the levels of SOD, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1-β, IL-6 and NF-κB p65, while paeoniflorin treatments improved the related parameters in a dose-dependent manner. As a conclusion, our findings support the evidence that paeoniflorin has a potential protective effects on ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury. Further detailed studies should be performed to shed light the molecular mechanism of these protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Bayram
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Selina Aksak Karamese
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Serkan Erol
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Bengul Ozdemir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Erdem Toktay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Salum
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
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Bayram P, Aksak Karamese S, Ozdemir B, Salum C, Erol HS, Karamese M. Two flavonoids, baicalein and naringin, are effective as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agents in a rat model of polymicrobial sepsis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023; 45:597-606. [PMID: 36988563 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2197143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, our aim was to investigate the possible protective and therapeutic effects of these two flavonoids, baicalein, and naringin, in 50 and 100 mg/kg doses applied both before and after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) procedures in a polymicrobial sepsis rat model, and evaluate the possible contribution of oxidative and inflammatory markers by immunological, biochemical, molecular, and histopathological methods. METHODS Sixty-six Wistar albino rats were divided into 11 groups. The pro-inflammatory (TNF-alpha, IL-1-beta, and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-beta and IL-10) cytokine levels were measured by ELISA technique. CD3, CD68, and nuclear factor kappa B positivity rates were detected by immunohistochemical methods. Oxidative stress parameters (MDA, SOD, and GSH) were measured by tissue biochemistry. RESULTS Sepsis caused a significant increase in all pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and MDA activity. Also, it led to an increase in the positivities of CD3, CD68, and NF-κB markers. However, especially pre-CLP doses of baicalein and naringin inhibited the inflammation process by suppressing pro-inflammatory and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, as well as regulating the oxidative stress process by normalizing the oxidant/anti-oxidant enzyme levels. CONCLUSION Both pre- and post-application of baicalein and naringin are quite effective to prevent sepsis-caused cellular processes. This protective and therapeutic effects by baicalein and naringin in animals with sepsis seems to be originated from the high antioxidant capacity and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Thus, those natural agents may prove to be valuable protective agent against septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Bayram
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | | | - Bengul Ozdemir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Salum
- Department of Physiology, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | | | - Murat Karamese
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
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Song C, Zhao J, Hao J, Mi D, Zhang J, Liu Y, Wu S, Gao F, Jiang W. Aminoprocalcitonin protects against hippocampal neuronal death via preserving oxidative phosphorylation in refractory status epilepticus. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:144. [PMID: 37142587 PMCID: PMC10160063 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Refractory status epilepticus (RSE) is a neurological emergency where sustaining seizure causes severe neuronal death. Currently, there is no available neuroprotectant effective in RSE. Aminoprocalcitonin (NPCT) is a conserved peptide cleaved from procalcitonin, but its distribution and function in the brain remain enigmatic. Survival of neurons relies on sufficient energy supply. Recently, we found that NPCT was extensively distributed in the brain and had potent modulations on neuronal oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), suggesting that NPCT might be involved in neuronal death by regulating energy status. In the present study, combining biochemical and histological methods, high-throughput RNA-sequence, Seahorse XFe analyser, an array of mitochondria function assays, and behavior-electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring, we investigated the roles and translational values of NPCT in neuronal death after RSE. We found that NPCT was extensively distributed throughout gray matters in rat brain while RSE triggered NPCT overexpression in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons. High-throughput RNA-sequence demonstrated that the influences of NPCT on primary hippocampal neurons were enriched in OXPHOS. Further function assays verified that NPCT facilitated ATP production, enhanced the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, IV, V, and increased neuronal maximal respiration capacity. NPCT exerted multiple neurotrophic effects including facilitating synaptogenesis, neuritogenesis, spinogenesis, and suppression of caspase-3. A polyclonal NPCT immunoneutralization antibody was developed to antagonize NPCT. In the in vitro 0-Mg2+ seizure model, immunoneutralization of NPCT caused more neuronal death, while exogenous NPCT supplementation, though did not reverse death outcomes, preserved mitochondrial membrane potential. In rat RSE model, both peripheral and intracerebroventricular immunoneutralization of NPCT exacerbated hippocampal neuronal death and peripheral immunoneutralization increased mortality. Intracerebroventricular immunoneutralization of NPCT further led to more serious hippocampal ATP depletion, and significant EEG power exhaustion. We conclude that NPCT is a neuropeptide regulating neuronal OXPHOS. During RSE, NPCT was overexpressed to protect hippocampal neuronal survival via facilitating energy supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgeng Song
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianmin Hao
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Mi
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- National Translational Science Centre for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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Procalcitonin and Adrenomedullin in Infectious Diseases. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres14010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin (CT) and adrenomedullin (ADM) are members of the CT family. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a prohormone of CT. Elevations in serum PCT and ADM levels are associated with severe sepsis and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). PCT enhances sepsis mortality and it binds to the CGRP receptor, which is a heterodimer of CT receptor-like receptor and receptor activity-modifying protein 1. The N-terminal truncated form of PCT, PCT3-116, is produced by the cleavage of PCT by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) and is the main form of PCT in serum during sepsis, inducing microvascular permeability. Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) is used instead of ADM as a biological indicator because ADM is rapidly degraded, and MR-proADM is released at the same rate as ADM. ADM reduces endothelial permeability and promotes endothelial stability. Endothelial dysfunction is responsible for multiple organ failure in sepsis and COVID-19 patients. Therefore, ADM may be an important molecule for improving the severity associated with sepsis and COVID-19. This review focuses on the current knowledge of PCT and ADM in sepsis and COVID-19.
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Hellenthal KEM, Brabenec L, Wagner NM. Regulation and Dysregulation of Endothelial Permeability during Systemic Inflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121935. [PMID: 35741064 PMCID: PMC9221661 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation can be triggered by infection, surgery, trauma or burns. During systemic inflammation, an overshooting immune response induces tissue damage resulting in organ dysfunction and mortality. Endothelial cells make up the inner lining of all blood vessels and are critically involved in maintaining organ integrity by regulating tissue perfusion. Permeability of the endothelial monolayer is strictly controlled and highly organ-specific, forming continuous, fenestrated and discontinuous capillaries that orchestrate the extravasation of fluids, proteins and solutes to maintain organ homeostasis. In the physiological state, the endothelial barrier is maintained by the glycocalyx, extracellular matrix and intercellular junctions including adherens and tight junctions. As endothelial cells are constantly sensing and responding to the extracellular environment, their activation by inflammatory stimuli promotes a loss of endothelial barrier function, which has been identified as a hallmark of systemic inflammation, leading to tissue edema formation and hypotension and thus, is a key contributor to lethal outcomes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the major players, such as the angiopoietin-Tie2 signaling axis, adrenomedullin and vascular endothelial (VE-) cadherin, that substantially contribute to the regulation and dysregulation of endothelial permeability during systemic inflammation and elucidate treatment strategies targeting the preservation of vascular integrity.
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Brabenec L, Müller M, Hellenthal KE, Karsten OS, Pryvalov H, Otto M, Holthenrich A, Matos ALL, Weiss R, Kintrup S, Hessler M, Dell'Aquila A, Thomas K, Naß J, Margraf A, Nottebaum AF, Rossaint J, Zarbock A, Vestweber D, Gerke V, Wagner NM. Targeting Procalcitonin Protects Vascular Barrier Integrity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:488-500. [PMID: 35699655 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202201-0054oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Capillary leakage frequently occurs during sepsis and after major surgery and is associated with microvascular dysfunction and adverse outcome. Procalcitonin is a well-established biomarker in inflammation without known impact on vascular integrity. OBJECTIVE We determined how procalcitonin induces endothelial hyperpermeability and how targeting procalcitonin protects vascular barrier integrity. METHODS In a prospective observational clinical study, procalcitonin levels were assessed in 50 cardiac surgery patients and correlated to postoperative fluid and vasopressor requirements along with sublingual microvascular functionality. Effects of the procalcitonin signaling pathway on endothelial barrier and adherens junctional integrity were characterized in vitro and verified in mice. Inhibition of procalcitonin activation by dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) was evaluated in murine polymicrobial sepsis and clinically verified in cardiac surgery patients chronically taking the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Elevated postoperative procalcitonin levels identified patients with 2-fold increased fluid requirements (P<0.01), 1.8-fold higher vasopressor demand (P<0.05) and compromised microcirculation (reduction to 63.5±2.8% of perfused vessels, P<0.05). Procalcitonin induced 1.4-fold endothelial and 2.3-fold pulmonary capillary permeability (both P<0.001) by destabilizing VE-cadherin. Procalcitonin effects were dependent on activation by DPP4 and targeting the procalcitonin receptor or DPP4 during sepsis-induced hyperprocalcitonemia reduced capillary leakage by 54±10.1% and 60.4±6.9% (both P<0.01), respectively. Sitagliptin prior to cardiac surgery was associated with augmented microcirculation (74.1±1.7% vs. 68.6±1.9% perfused vessels in sitagliptin non-medicated patients, P<0.05) and 2.3-fold decreased fluid (P<0.05) and 1.8-fold reduced vasopressor demand postoperatively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Targeting procalcitonin's action on the endothelium is a feasible means to preserve vascular integrity during systemic inflammation associated with hyperprocalcitonemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Brabenec
- University Hospital Münster Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 235721, Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Müller
- University Hospital Münster Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 235721, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Em Hellenthal
- University Hospital Münster Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 235721, Münster, Germany
| | - Ole S Karsten
- University Hospital Münster Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 235721, Münster, Germany
| | - Heorhii Pryvalov
- University Hospital Münster Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 235721, Münster, Germany
| | - Mandy Otto
- University Hospital Münster Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 235721, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Holthenrich
- University of Münster Faculty of Medicine, 98883, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Raphael Weiss
- University Hospital Münster Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 235721, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kintrup
- University Hospital Münster Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 235721, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Hessler
- University Hospital Münster Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 235721, Münster, Germany
| | - Angelo Dell'Aquila
- University Hospital Münster, Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Thomas
- University Hospital Münster Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 235721, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Naß
- University of Münster Faculty of Medicine, 98883, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Margraf
- University Hospital Münster Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 235721, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Jan Rossaint
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, 39069, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- University Hospital Münster Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 235721, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Volker Gerke
- University of Münster Faculty of Medicine, 98883, Münster, Germany
| | - Nana-Maria Wagner
- University Hospital Münster Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 235721, Münster, Germany;
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Potruch A, Schwartz A, Ilan Y. The role of bacterial translocation in sepsis: a new target for therapy. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221094214. [PMID: 35574428 PMCID: PMC9092582 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221094214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of death in critically ill patients, primarily due to multiple organ failures. It is associated with a systemic inflammatory response that plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Intestinal barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation (BT) play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of sepsis and associated organ failure. In this review, we describe recent advances in understanding the mechanisms by which the gut microbiome and BT contribute to the pathogenesis of sepsis. We also discuss several potential treatment modalities that target the microbiome as therapeutic tools for patients with sepsis.
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Systemic calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonism decreases survival in a large animal model of polymicrobial sepsis: blinded randomised controlled laboratory trial. Br J Anaesth 2022; 128:864-873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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The authors reply. Crit Care Med 2021; 49:e1256-e1257. [PMID: 34793388 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Baranowsky A, Appelt J, Kleber C, Lange T, Ludewig P, Jahn D, Pandey P, Keller D, Rose T, Schetler D, Braumüller S, Huber-Lang M, Tsitsilonis S, Yorgan T, Frosch KH, Amling M, Schinke T, Keller J. Procalcitonin Exerts a Mediator Role in Septic Shock Through the Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor. Crit Care Med 2021; 49:e41-e52. [PMID: 33196529 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinically, procalcitonin represents the most widely used biomarker of sepsis worldwide with unclear pathophysiologic significance to date. Pharmacologically, procalcitonin was shown to signal through both calcitonin receptor and calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor in vitro, yet the identity of its biologically relevant receptor remains unknown. DESIGN Prospective randomized animal investigations and in vitro human blood studies. SETTING Research laboratory of a university hospital. SUBJECTS C57BL/6J mice and patients with post-traumatic sepsis. INTERVENTIONS Procalcitonin-deficient mice were used to decipher a potential mediator role in experimental septic shock and identify the relevant receptor for procalcitonin. Cecal ligation and puncture and endotoxemia models were employed to investigate septic shock. Disease progression was evaluated through survival analysis, histology, proteome profiling, gene expression, and flow cytometry. Mechanistic studies were performed with cultured macrophages, dendritic cells, and gamma delta T cells. Main findings were confirmed in serum samples of patients with post-traumatic sepsis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Procalcitonin-deficient mice are protected from septic shock and show decreased pulmonary inflammation. Mechanistically, procalcitonin potentiates proinflammatory cytokine expression in innate immune cells, required for interleukin-17A expression in gamma delta T cells. In patients with post-traumatic sepsis, procalcitonin positively correlates with systemic interleukin-17A levels. In mice with endotoxemia, immunoneutralization of interleukin-17A inhibits the deleterious effect of procalcitonin on disease outcome. Although calcitonin receptor expression is irrelevant for disease progression, the nonpeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist olcegepant, a prototype of currently introduced antimigraine drugs, inhibits procalcitonin signaling and increases survival time in septic shock. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental data suggest that procalcitonin exerts a moderate but harmful effect on disease progression in experimental septic shock. In addition, the study points towards the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor as relevant for procalcitonin signaling and suggests a potential therapeutic application for calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor inhibitors in sepsis, which warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Baranowsky
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessika Appelt
- Julius Wolff Institut for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Kleber
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Ludewig
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Denise Jahn
- Julius Wolff Institut for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Puja Pandey
- Julius Wolff Institut for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Keller
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rose
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Schetler
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Braumüller
- Department of Traumatology, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Department of Traumatology, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Serafeim Tsitsilonis
- Julius Wolff Institut for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timur Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Frosch
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Keller
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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12
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Zhang H, Sha J, Feng X, Hu X, Chen Y, Li B, Fan H. Dexmedetomidine ameliorates LPS induced acute lung injury via GSK-3β/STAT3-NF-κB signaling pathway in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105717. [PMID: 31254953 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious complication of sepsis and an important cause of death in intensive care. Studies have shown that DEX can inhibit inflammation. However, the anti-inflammatory effect and protective mechanism of DEX in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ALI are still unclear. ALI model was established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats. Firstly, at 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h after LPS treatment, lung injury including pathologic histology, lung edema, and inflammation were detected. The optimal time point for lung injury was determined to be 12 h, at which time DEX was added to further test. Furthermore, STAT3 inhibitor (NSC74859) and GSK-3β inhibitor (SB216763) were added to verify the role of STAT3, GSK-3β and NF-κB in ameliorated ALI. Our results show that DEX pretreatment significantly decreased lung Wet-to-Dry weight (W/D) ratio and MPO activity and ameliorated LPS induced lung histopathological alterations. In addition, we confirmed that DEX can increased the phosphorylation of STAT3 and GSK-3β, and inhibit the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in the inflammatory response induced by LPS. What's more, NSC74859 inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 and reversed the protect effect of DEX on LPS. SB216763 inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB and reversed the damage effect of LPS and plays the same anti-inflammatory effect as DEX. In summary, our data demonstrated that DEX can ameliorate ALI induced by LPS through GSK-3β/STAT3-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jichen Sha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiujing Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xueyuan Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Honggang Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin 150030, China.
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13
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Aslankoc R, Savran M, Ozmen O, Asci S. Hippocampus and cerebellum damage in sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide in aged rats - Pregabalin can prevent damage. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1384-1392. [PMID: 30372841 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The aim of this study was to investigate the oxidative damage and inflammatory effects in the hippocampus and cerebellum in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis model and possible ameliorating effects of pregabalin (PG). METHODS Twenty four female Wistar Albino rats (12 month old) were divided into 3 groups as follows: Group I (Control; 0.1 ml/gavage and i.p. saline, single dose), Group II (LPS; 5 mg/kg LPS, i.p, single dose), Group III (LPS + PG; 5 mg/kg LPS, i.p, single dose + 30 mg/kg, gavage, single dose). DNA damage, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) oxidative stress index (OSI), leukocyte (WBC), lymphocyte, neutrophil, hemoglobin (HGB), erythrocyte (RBC), and thrombocyte counts were measured in blood and brain tissues. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of Caspase- 3, G-CSF, IL-6, SAA, iNOS expressions were conducted using hippocampus and cerebellum tissues. RESULTS Comet analysis score, lymphocytes, neutrophils, WBC, IMA, TOS and OSI values were increased in Group II compared with to Group I (p < 0.05). IMA levels in blood, TOS and OSI levels in the brain were significantly decreased in Group III compared to Group II (p < 0.05). We observed increased hemorrhages, neutrophils, leukocytes infiltrations and neuron degeneration in Group II compared to Group I. Caspase 3, G-CSF, IL-6, SAA, iNOS expressions were increased in group II compared to Group I (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Pregabalin partly ameliorated the damage caused by the exposure to LPS in hippocampus and cerebellum; however, further studies are needed to determine pregabalin's possible protective effects at different doses and with different techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahime Aslankoc
- Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Mehtap Savran
- Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Sanem Asci
- Isparta City Hospital, Neurology Clinic, Isparta, Turkey
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14
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Xu H, Xu J, Xu L, Jin S, Turnquist HR, Hoffman R, Loughran P, Billiar TR, Deng M. Interleukin-33 contributes to ILC2 activation and early inflammation-associated lung injury during abdominal sepsis. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:935-947. [PMID: 29672927 PMCID: PMC10116412 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as infection with organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated immune response. The lung is one of the most vulnerable organs at the onset of sepsis. Interleukin (IL)-33 can be released by injured epithelial and endothelial cells in the lung and regulate immune activation and infiltration. Therefore, we postulated that IL-33 would contribute to the immune response in the lung during sepsis. Using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model, we show here that IL-33 contributes significantly to both sepsis-induced inflammation in the lung and systemic inflammatory response in the early phase of sepsis. Despite the higher intra-peritoneal bacterial burden, the absence of IL-33 resulted in less infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes into the lungs in association with lower circulating, lung and liver cytokine levels as well as reduced lung injury at 6 h after sepsis. IL-33 was required for the upregulation of IL-5 in type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2), while IL-5 neutralization suppressed neutrophil and monocyte infiltration in the lungs during CLP sepsis. This reduction in leukocyte infiltration in IL-33-deficient mice was reversed by administration of recombinant IL-5. These results indicate that IL-33 plays a major role in the local inflammatory changes in the lung, in part, by regulating IL-5 and this axis contributes to lung injury early after the onset of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Emergency, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shuqing Jin
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Heth R Turnquist
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Rosemary Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Patricia Loughran
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Meihong Deng
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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15
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Karamese M, Erol HS, Albayrak M, Findik Guvendi G, Aydin E, Aksak Karamese S. Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin in a rat model of sepsis: an immunological, biochemical, and histopathological study. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 38:228-37. [PMID: 27144896 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2016.1173058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesize that apigenin may inhibit some cellular process of sepsis-induced spleen injury and simultaneously improve inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of apigenin in a polymicrobial sepsis rat model of by cecal ligation and puncture. MATERIALS AND METHODS 64 female Wistar albino rats were divided into 8 groups. The pro-inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1-beta) and anti-inflammatory (tumor growth factor-beta and interleukin-10) cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CD3, CD68, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) positivity rates were detected by immunohistochemical methods. Oxidative stress parameters were measured by tissue biochemistry. RESULTS Sepsis caused a significant increase in TNF-alpha, IL-1-beta, IL-6, and TGF-beta levels whereas it reduced IL-10 level. Additionally, it led to an increase in CD3, CD68, and NF-κB positivity rates as well as oxidative stress parameters levels. However, apigenin inhibited the inflammation process, increased the IL-10 level and normalized the oxidative stress parameters. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Pretreatment with apigenin results in a significant reduction in the amount of inflammatory cells. The beneficial effect of apigenin on spleen injury also involved inhibition of NF-κB pathway, suppression of proinflammatory cytokines, and induction of anti-inflammatory cytokine production. Additionally, it led to a decrease in oxidative stress in spleen tissue. Taking everything into account, apigenin may be an alternative therapeutic option for prevention of sepsis-induced organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Karamese
- a Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , Kafkas University , Kars , Turkey
| | - Huseyin Serkan Erol
- b Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Mevlut Albayrak
- c Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | | | - Emsal Aydin
- e Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , Kafkas University , Kars , Turkey
| | - Selina Aksak Karamese
- f Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Kafkas University , Kars , Turkey
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Tavares E, Antequera D, López-González I, Ferrer I, Miñano FJ, Carro E. Potential Role of Aminoprocalcitonin in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2723-35. [PMID: 27497681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory responses cause brain atrophy and play a prominent and early role in the progression of Alzheimer disease. Recent findings show that the neuroendocrine peptide aminoprocalcitonin (NPCT) plays a critical role in the development of systemic inflammatory response; however, the presence, possible function, regulation, and mechanisms by which NPCT may be involved in Alzheimer disease neuropathology remain unknown. We explored the expression of NPCT and its interaction with amyloid-β (Aβ), and proinflammatory and neurogenic effects. By using brain samples of Alzheimer disease patients and APP/PS1 transgenic mice, we evaluated the potential role of NPCT on Aβ-related pathology. We found that NPCT is expressed in hippocampal and cortical neurons and Aβ-induced up-regulation of NPCT expression. Peripherally administered antibodies against NPCT decreased microglial activation, decreased circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and prevented Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in experimental models of Alzheimer disease. Remarkably, anti-NPTC therapy resulted in a significant improvement in the behavioral status of APP/PS1 mice. Our results indicate a central role of NPCT in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis and suggest NPCT as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tavares
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Research Unit, Valme University Hospital, Seville, Spain.
| | - Desiree Antequera
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Neurodegenerative Diseases Biomedical Research Center (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene López-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Neurodegenerative Diseases Biomedical Research Center (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Institut de Neuropatologia, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Neurodegenerative Diseases Biomedical Research Center (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Institut de Neuropatologia, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Miñano
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Research Unit, Valme University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Neurodegenerative Diseases Biomedical Research Center (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Soliman AM, Fahmy SR, Sayed AA, Abd El-Latif AA. New Insights into Sepsis Therapy Using Sepia Officinalis. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e29331. [PMID: 27099690 PMCID: PMC4834027 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.29331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis remains a major problem for both scientists and clinicians. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) is considered the gold standard for animal models of sepsis. The undesirable side effects of certain antibiotics have forced scientists to discover new, natural, and safe antimicrobial agents, such as cephalopods, which are known to display significant antimicrobial activity. OBJECTIVES The present investigation aims to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial and antiseptic efficacy of Sepia officinalis body tissue (SOBT) extract and S. officinalis polysaccharide (SOP) from its cuttlebone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight rats were divided into 4 groups, and starting 2 hours after CLP, treatments were given for 2 days as follows: sham control rats treated orally with distilled water, septic rats treated orally distilled water, septic rats treated orally methanolic extract of SOBT (500 mg/kg b.wt) suspended in distilled water, and septic rats treated orally SOP extract (200 mg /kg b.wt) dissolved in distilled water. On the third day, half of the rats in each group were euthanized for blood collection. The other half were kept alive and used for the survival study. RESULTS The present study revealed that the SOBT and SOP extracts showed in vitro bactericidal activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, administration of SOBT and SOP increased the rats' survival rates by 66.7% and 83.33%, respectively, as compared to the untreated CLP-septic rats. Treatment of the CLP-septic rats with SOBT and SOP significantly alleviated alterations in procalcitonin levels and in some hematological parameters induced by CLP. CONCLUSIONS SOBT and SOP had profound antiseptic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel M. Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sohair R. Fahmy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany A. Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Corresponding author: Amany A. Sayed, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Tel: +10-67431988, Fax: +10-35727556, E-mail:
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