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Liu Y, Zhang Z, He Y, Li R, Zhang Y, Liu H, Wang Y, Ma W. Mitochondria protective and anti-apoptotic effects of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor and its ligands on the treatment of asthma in vitro and vivo. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:11. [PMID: 38641850 PMCID: PMC11031857 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a prevalent respiratory inflammatory disease. Abnormal apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells is one of the major factors in the progression of asthma. Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors are highly expressed in bronchial epithelial cells, which act as a component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore to regulate its opening and closing and apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which peripheral benzodiazepine receptor and its ligands, agonist 4'-Chlorodiazepam (Ro5-4864) and antagonist 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide (PK 11,195), modulate the mitochondrial function and cell apoptosis in the treatment of asthma. METHODS In vitro study, Ro5-4864 and PK 11,195 were utilized to pretreat cells prior to the inflammatory injury induced by Lipopolysaccharide. The reactive oxygen species, the apoptosis of cell, the mitochondrial membrane potentials, the ultrastructures of the mitochondria and the expression levels of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors and apoptosis-related proteins and genes were detected. In vivo study, mice were administrated intraperitoneally with Ro5-4864 and PK 11,195 before sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin. Serum IgE and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytokines were detected, and lung tissues were underwent the histopathological examination. RESULTS The ligands of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor counteracted the effects of the increase of reactive oxygen species, the elevated extent of apoptosis, the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potentials and the disruption of mitochondrial ultrastructures induced by Lipopolysaccharide. The ligands also promoted the expression of anti-apoptosis-related proteins and genes and inhibited the expression of pro-apoptosis-related proteins and genes. Besides, the ligands reduced the levels of serum IgE and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytokines in asthmatic mice and attenuated the histopathological damage of lungs. CONCLUSION Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor serves as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of asthma, with its ligands exerting mitochondrial protective and anti-apoptotic effects on bronchial epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, 510405, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhengze Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, 510405, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuewen He
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, 510405, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ruogen Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, 510405, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, 510405, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, 510405, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, 510405, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wuhua Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, 510405, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
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Upadhyay P, Wu CW, Pham A, Zeki AA, Royer CM, Kodavanti UP, Takeuchi M, Bayram H, Pinkerton KE. Animal models and mechanisms of tobacco smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2023; 26:275-305. [PMID: 37183431 PMCID: PMC10718174 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2208886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide, and its global health burden is increasing. COPD is characterized by emphysema, mucus hypersecretion, and persistent lung inflammation, and clinically by chronic airflow obstruction and symptoms of dyspnea, cough, and fatigue in patients. A cluster of pathologies including chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, and cardiovascular disease in the form of hypertension and atherosclerosis variably coexist in COPD patients. Underlying causes for COPD include primarily tobacco use but may also be driven by exposure to air pollutants, biomass burning, and workplace related fumes and chemicals. While no single animal model might mimic all features of human COPD, a wide variety of published models have collectively helped to improve our understanding of disease processes involved in the genesis and persistence of COPD. In this review, the pathogenesis and associated risk factors of COPD are examined in different mammalian models of the disease. Each animal model included in this review is exclusively created by tobacco smoke (TS) exposure. As animal models continue to aid in defining the pathobiological mechanisms of and possible novel therapeutic interventions for COPD, the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Upadhyay
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Ching-Wen Wu
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Alexa Pham
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Amir A. Zeki
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, School of Medicine; University of California, Davis, School of Medicine; U.C. Davis Lung Center; Davis, CA USA
| | - Christopher M. Royer
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Minoru Takeuchi
- Department of Animal Medical Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hasan Bayram
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kent E. Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Zhong X, Chen R. Detection of Ferroptosis by Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2712:211-222. [PMID: 37578709 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3433-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death driven by oxidative damage, characterized by iron overload and lipid peroxidation, and regulated by a network of distinct molecules and organelles. Impaired ferroptotic response is implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including tumorigenesis, neurodegeneration, and ischemia-reperfusion damage. Classical techniques of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) can be employed to exhibit antigen expression and location in tissues observed with microscopy, making them powerful tools in studying the ferroptosis process. In this chapter, we introduce commonly used protocols and summarize typical markers used in IHC and IF to monitor ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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4
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Ge J, Xu WJ, Chen HF, Dong ZH, Liu W, Nian FZ, Liu J. Induction mechanism of cigarette smoke components (CSCs) on dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in rats. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:117. [DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of cigarette smoke component (CSC) exposure on serum lipid levels in rats and the underlying molecular mechanism.
Methods
Male SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into a control group and a CSC exposure group, with the CSC group being exposed to CSC for 6 weeks. RT–PCR and Western blotting methods were used to detect lipid metabolism gene expression in rats, and 16S RNA gene sequencing was used to detect the gut microbiota in the rat cecum. Rat serum exosomes were prepared and identified, and the interaction of exosomal miR-291a-3p and miR-126a-5p with AMPK and CYP7A1 was detected by a dual luciferase reporter gene assay (DLRG).
Results
Serum indicators, including cholesterol levels and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) content, were significantly affected in the CSC exposure group compared with the control group (P < 0.05), and the expression levels of adenylate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) and HMG-CoA reductase (HMG-CoAR) genes were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the liver, while the expression level of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) was markedly decreased (P < 0.01). 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the gut microbiota in the rat cecum showed that the abundance of Firmicutes in the CSC group increased significantly at the phylum level, while the abundances of Bacteroidota and Spirochaetota were reduced significantly (P < 0.01). The relative abundance of Romboutsia, Turicibacter, and Clostridium sensu stricto increased significantly (P < 0.01), and the relative abundance of Prevotella, Muribaculaceae_norank, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Roseburia, Treponema, and Ruminococcus significantly decreased (P < 0.01) at the genus level. In addition, the exosome miR-291a-3p and miR-126a-5p levels were markedly regulated by CSC exposure (P < 0.01). The interactions of miR-291a-3p and miR-126a-5p with AMPK and CYP7A1 mRNA were also validated by the DLRG method.
Conclusions
In summary, the rat dyslipidemia induced by CSC exposure may be related to the interference of gut microbiota structure and interaction of miRNAs from serum exosomes with target mRNAs, which further regulated AMPK-ACC/CYP7A1 signaling in rats.
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Deng T, Huang Q, Lin K, Qian J, Li Q, Li L, Xu S, Yun H, Wang H, Wu X, Liu H, Jin G, Liu X. Midkine-Notch2 Pathway Mediates Excessive Proliferation of Airway Smooth Muscle Cells in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:794952. [PMID: 35774607 PMCID: PMC9239375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.794952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-induced proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) and subsequent airway remodeling is a hallmark of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). The role of midkine (MK) in COPD is unclear. In this work, we explored the role of MK-Notch2 signaling in COPD by inhibiting the expression of MK using lentivirus shRNA in ASMCs in vitro and instillation of AAV9-MK in the airway of a COPD rat model in vivo. The results demonstrated that LPS decreased ASMC migration and proliferation, increased apoptosis and induced the expression of MK and Notch2 signaling molecules. Inhibition of MK exacerbated the changes in migration and proliferation but decreased the expression of MK and Notch2 signaling molecules. Rats treated with smoke fumigation and LPS showed features of COPD. The small airways of COPD rats were remodeled and lung function was significantly reduced. The expressions of TGF-β, ICAM-1, HA, MMP-9, PC-III, and LN in BALF and the expression of MK and Notch2 signaling molecules were significantly increased in the COPD rats compared with controls. Inhibition of MK reversed these changes. In conclusion, the MK-Notch2 pathway plays a key role in airway remodeling induced by ASMC proliferation. Targeting the MK-Notch2 pathway may be a new strategy for improving airway remodeling and preventing progressive decline of pulmonary function in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Deng
- Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qifeng Huang
- Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Kaiwen Lin
- Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Jin Qian
- Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shuangqin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hongfang Yun
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hangfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Heng Liu, ; Guiyun Jin, ; Xiaoran Liu,
| | - Guiyun Jin
- Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Heng Liu, ; Guiyun Jin, ; Xiaoran Liu,
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Heng Liu, ; Guiyun Jin, ; Xiaoran Liu,
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6
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Lin H, Wang C, Yu H, Liu Y, Tan L, He S, Li Z, Wang C, Wang F, Li P, Liu J. Protective effect of total Saponins from American ginseng against cigarette smoke-induced COPD in mice based on integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112823. [PMID: 35334426 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent respiratory disease. Aiming at assessing the effect of total saponins from American ginseng on COPD, both the chemical composition and anti-COPD activity of total saponins from wild-simulated American ginseng (TSW) and field-grown American ginseng (TSF) were investigated in this study. Firstly, a HPLC-ELSD chromatographic method was established to simultaneously determine the contents of 22 saponins in TSW and TSF. Secondly, CS-induced COPD mouse model was established to evaluate the activity of TSW and TSF. The results indicated that both TSW and TSF had the protective effect against COPD by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory response. TSW showed a stronger effect than TSF. Thirdly, an integrated approach involving metabolomics and network pharmacology was used to construct the "biomarker-reaction-enzyme-target" correlation network aiming at further exploring the observed effects. As the results, 15 biomarkers, 9 targets and 5 pathways were identified to play vital roles in the treatment of TSW and TSF on COPD. Fourthly, based on network pharmacology and the CS-stimulated A549 cell model, ginsenoside Rgl, Rc, oleanolic acid, notoginsenoside R1, Fe, silphioside B were certified to be the material basis for the stronger effect of TSW than TSF. Finally, the molecular docking were performed to visualize the binding modes. Our findings suggested that both TSW and TSF could effectively ameliorate the progression of COPD and might be used for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yunhe Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Luying Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shanmei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhuoqiao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Cuizhu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Research Center of Natural Drug, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Pingya Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Research Center of Natural Drug, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Research Center of Natural Drug, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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7
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Burrage EN, Aboaziza E, Hare L, Reppert S, Moore J, Goldsmith WT, Kelley EE, Mills A, Dakhlallah D, Chantler PD, Olfert IM. Long-term cerebrovascular dysfunction in the offspring from maternal electronic cigarette use during pregnancy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H339-H352. [PMID: 34170194 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00206.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (E-cigs) have been promoted as harm-free or less risky than smoking, even for women during pregnancy. These claims are made largely on E-cig aerosol having fewer number of toxic chemicals compared with cigarette smoke. Given that even low levels of smoking are found to produce adverse birth outcomes, we sought to test the hypothesis that vaping during pregnancy (with or without nicotine) would not be harm-free and would result in vascular dysfunction that would be evident in offspring during adolescent and/or adult life. Pregnant female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to E-cig aerosol (1 h/day, 5 days/wk, starting on gestational day 2 until pups were weaned) using e-liquid with 0 mg/mL (E-cig0) or 18 mg/mL nicotine (E-cig18) and compared with ambient air-exposed controls. Body mass at birth and at weaning were not different between groups. Assessment of middle cerebral artery (MCA) reactivity revealed a 51%-56% reduction in endothelial-dependent dilation response to acetylcholine (ACh) for both E-cig0 and E-cig18 in 1-mo, 3-mo (adolescent), and 7-mo-old (adult) offspring (P < 0.05 compared with air, all time points). MCA responses to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and myogenic tone were not different across groups, suggesting that endothelial-independent responses were not altered. The MCA vasoconstrictor response (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) was also not different across treatment and age groups. These data demonstrate that maternal vaping during pregnancy is not harm-free and confers significant cerebrovascular health risk/dysfunction to offspring that persists into adult life. NEW & NOTEWORTHY These data established that vaping electronic cigarettes during pregnancy, with or without nicotine, is not safe and confers significant risk potential to the cerebrovascular health of offspring in early and adult life. A key finding is that vaping without nicotine does not protect offspring from cerebrovascular dysfunction and results in the same level of cerebrovascular dysfunction (compared with maternal vaping with nicotine), indicating that the physical and/or chemical properties from the base solution (other than nicotine) are responsible for the cerebrovascular dysfunction that we observed. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/maternal-vaping-impairs-vascular-function-in-theoffspring/.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Burrage
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - E Aboaziza
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - L Hare
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - S Reppert
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - J Moore
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - W T Goldsmith
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - E E Kelley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - A Mills
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - D Dakhlallah
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - P D Chantler
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - I M Olfert
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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8
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Comparative analysis of ACE2 protein expression in rodent, non-human primate, and human respiratory tract at baseline and after injury: A conundrum for COVID-19 pathogenesis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247510. [PMID: 33626084 PMCID: PMC7904186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the putative functional receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Current literature on the abundance and distribution of ACE2 protein in the human respiratory tract is controversial. We examined the effect of age and lung injury on ACE2 protein expression in rodent and non-human primate (NHP) models. We also examined ACE2 expression in human tissues with and without coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). ACE2 expression was detected at very low levels in preterm, but was absent in full-term and adult NHP lung homogenates. This pattern of ACE2 expression contrasted with that of transmembrane protease serine type 2 (TMPRSS2), which was significantly increased in full-term newborn and adult NHP lungs compared to preterm NHP lungs. ACE2 expression was not detected in NHP lungs with cigarette smoke-induced airway disease or bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Murine lungs lacked basal ACE2 immunoreactivity, but responded to hyperoxia, bacterial infection, and allergen exposure with new ACE2 expression in bronchial epithelial cells. In human specimens, robust ACE2 immunoreactivity was detected in ciliated epithelial cells in paranasal sinus specimens, while ACE2 expression was detected only in rare type 2 alveolar epithelial cells in control lungs. In autopsy specimens from patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, ACE2 was detected in rare ciliated epithelial and endothelial cells in the trachea, but not in the lung. There was robust expression of ACE2 expression in F344/N rat nasal mucosa and lung specimens, which authentically recapitulated the ACE2 expression pattern in human paranasal sinus specimens. Thus, ACE2 protein expression demonstrates a significant gradient between upper and lower respiratory tract in humans and is scarce in the lung. This pattern of ACE2 expression supports the notion of sinonasal epithelium being the main entry site for SARS-CoV-2 but raises further questions on the pathogenesis and cellular targets of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 pneumonia.
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McNulty MJ, Silberstein DZ, Kuhn BT, Padgett HS, Nandi S, McDonald KA, Cross CE. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and recombinant protein sources with focus on plant sources: Updates, challenges and perspectives. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:10-30. [PMID: 33279618 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by low plasma levels of A1AT, a serine protease inhibitor representing the most abundant circulating antiprotease normally present at plasma levels of 1-2 g/L. The dominant clinical manifestations include predispositions to early onset emphysema due to protease/antiprotease imbalance in distal lung parenchyma and liver disease largely due to unsecreted polymerized accumulations of misfolded mutant A1AT within the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes. Since 1987, the only FDA licensed specific therapy for the emphysema component has been infusions of A1AT purified from pooled human plasma at the 2020 cost of up to US $200,000/year with the risk of intermittent shortages. In the past three decades various, potentially less expensive, recombinant forms of human A1AT have reached early stages of development, one of which is just reaching the stage of human clinical trials. The focus of this review is to update strategies for the treatment of the pulmonary component of A1ATD with some focus on perspectives for therapeutic production and regulatory approval of a recombinant product from plants. We review other competitive technologies for treating the lung disease manifestations of A1ATD, highlight strategies for the generation of data potentially helpful for securing FDA Investigational New Drug (IND) approval and present challenges in the selection of clinical trial strategies required for FDA licensing of a New Drug Approval (NDA) for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J McNulty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David Z Silberstein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brooks T Kuhn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; University of California, Davis, Alpha-1 Deficiency Clinic, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Somen Nandi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Global HealthShare Initiative®, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karen A McDonald
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Global HealthShare Initiative®, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carroll E Cross
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; University of California, Davis, Alpha-1 Deficiency Clinic, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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10
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Almuntashiri S, Zhu Y, Han Y, Wang X, Somanath PR, Zhang D. Club Cell Secreted Protein CC16: Potential Applications in Prognosis and Therapy for Pulmonary Diseases. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9124039. [PMID: 33327505 PMCID: PMC7764992 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Club cell secretory protein (CC16) is encoded by the SCGB1A1 gene. It is also known as CC10, secretoglobin, or uteroglobin. CC16 is a 16 kDa homodimeric protein secreted primarily by the non-ciliated bronchial epithelial cells, which can be detected in the airways, circulation, sputum, nasal fluid, and urine. The biological activities of CC16 and its pathways have not been completely understood, but many studies suggest that CC16 has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. The human CC16 gene is located on chromosome 11, p12-q13, where several regulatory genes of allergy and inflammation exist. Studies reveal that factors such as gender, age, obesity, renal function, diurnal variation, and exercise regulate CC16 levels in circulation. Current findings indicate CC16 not only may reflect the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases, but also could serve as a potential biomarker in several lung diseases and a promising treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this review, we summarize our current understanding of CC16 in pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Almuntashiri
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (P.R.S.)
| | - Yin Zhu
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (P.R.S.)
| | - Yohan Han
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (P.R.S.)
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Payaningal R. Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (P.R.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Duo Zhang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (P.R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-6491; Fax: +1-706-721-3994
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11
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Ma H, Lu L, Xia H, Xiang Q, Sun J, Xue J, Xiao T, Cheng C, Liu Q, Shi A. Circ0061052 regulation of FoxC1/Snail pathway via miR-515-5p is involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of epithelial cells during cigarette smoke-induced airway remodeling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141181. [PMID: 32768781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) has been shown to be widely involved in a variety of lung diseases. Cigarette smoke (CS) may induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of airway remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), however, in which the roles and mechanisms of circRNA have not been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to determine whether circ0061052 is involved in the EMT of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and its potential mechanism for playing a biological role. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) caused elevated EMT indicators and the increases of circ0061052 in HBE cells. Circ0061052 has a ring structure and is mainly present in the cytoplasm of HBE cells. We analyzed the regulatory relationship between circ0061052 and miR-515-5p using bioinformatics, a luciferase reporter gene, and qRT-PCR. We found that circ0061052 is mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and competitively binds to miR-515-5p, acting as a sponge for miR-515-5p. The luciferase reporter gene showed that miR-515-5p binds to the 3'UTR region of FoxC1 mRNA to inhibit its transcription. For HBE cells, overexpression of miR-515-5p antagonized the CSE-induced EMT. In addition, circ0061052 acts by binding miR-515-5p competitively to regulate the expression of FoxC1/Snail. When circ0061052 siRNA and miR-515-5p inhibitor were co-transfected into HBE cells, the inhibitor reversed the effect of circ0061052 siRNA on reducing EMT. Chronic exposure of mice to CS induced increases of circ0061052 levels, decreases of miR-515-5p levels, and the EMT in lung tissue, which caused dysfunction and airway obstruction. Overall, the results show that, by regulating miR-515-5p through a FoxC1/Snail regulatory axis, circ0061052 is involved in the CS-induced EMT and airway remodeling in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Model Animal, Animal Core Facility, Jiangsu Animal Experimental Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal, Animal Core Facility, Jiangsu Animal Experimental Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyong Xiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aimin Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal, Animal Core Facility, Jiangsu Animal Experimental Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Tanner L, Single AB. Animal Models Reflecting Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Related Respiratory Disorders: Translating Pre-Clinical Data into Clinical Relevance. J Innate Immun 2019; 12:203-225. [PMID: 31527372 PMCID: PMC7265725 DOI: 10.1159/000502489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects the lives of an ever-growing number of people worldwide. The lack of understanding surrounding the pathophysiology of the disease and its progression has led to COPD becoming the third leading cause of death worldwide. COPD is incurable, with current treatments only addressing associated symptoms and sometimes slowing its progression, thus highlighting the need to develop novel treatments. However, this has been limited by the lack of experimental standardization within the respiratory disease research area. A lack of coherent animal models that accurately represent all aspects of COPD clinical presentation makes the translation of promising in vitrodata to human clinical trials exceptionally challenging. Here, we review current knowledge within the COPD research field, with a focus on current COPD animal models. Moreover, we include a set of advantages and disadvantages for the selection of pre-clinical models for the identification of novel COPD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Tanner
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,
| | - Andrew Bruce Single
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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13
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Wang X, Rojas-Quintero J, Wilder J, Tesfaigzi Y, Zhang D, Owen CA. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Promotes Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil (PMN) Pericellular Proteolysis by Anchoring Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 and -9 to PMN Surfaces. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:3267-3281. [PMID: 31019060 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and -9 released by degranulating polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) promote pericellular proteolysis by binding to PMN surfaces in a catalytically active tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-resistant forms. The PMN receptor(s) to which MMP-8 and MMP-9 bind(s) is not known. Competitive binding experiments showed that Mmp-8 and Mmp-9 share binding sites on murine PMN surfaces. A novel form of TIMP-1 (an inhibitor of soluble MMPs) is rapidly expressed on PMN surfaces when human PMNs are activated. Membrane-bound TIMP-1 is the PMN receptor for pro- and active MMP-8 and -9 as shown by the following: 1) TIMP-1 is strikingly colocalized with MMP-8 and -9 on activated human PMN surfaces and in PMN extracellular traps; 2) minimal immunoreactive and active Mmp-8 or Mmp-9 are detected on the surface of activated Timp-1-/- murine PMNs; and 3) binding of exogenous Timp-1 (but not Timp-2) to Timp-1-/- murine PMNs reconstitutes the binding of exogenous pro-Mmp-8 and pro-Mmp-9 to the surface of Timp-1-/- PMNs. Unlike full-length pro-Mmp-8 and pro-Mmp-9, mutant pro-Mmp proteins lacking the COOH-terminal hemopexin domain fail to bind to Mmp-8-/-x Mmp-9-/- murine PMNs. Soluble hemopexin inhibits the binding of pro-Mmp-8 and pro-Mmp-9 to Mmp-8-/-x Mmp-9-/- murine PMNs. Thus, the COOH-terminal hemopexin domains of pro-Mmp-8 and pro-Mmp-9 are required for their binding to membrane-bound Timp-1 on murine PMNs. Exposing nonhuman primates to cigarette smoke upregulates colocalized expression of TIMP-1 with MMP-8 and MMP-9 on peripheral blood PMN surfaces. By anchoring MMP-8 and MMP-9 to PMN surfaces, membrane-bound TIMP-1 plays a counterintuitive role in promoting PMN pericellular proteolysis occurring in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Julie Wilder
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108; and
| | | | - Duo Zhang
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Caroline A Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
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14
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Zhai J, Insel M, Addison KJ, Stern DA, Pederson W, Dy A, Rojas-Quintero J, Owen CA, Sherrill DL, Morgan W, Wright AL, Halonen M, Martinez FD, Kraft M, Guerra S, Ledford JG. Club Cell Secretory Protein Deficiency Leads to Altered Lung Function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199:302-312. [PMID: 30543455 PMCID: PMC6363971 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201807-1345oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE CC16 (club cell secretory protein-16), a member of the secretoglobin family, is one of the most abundant proteins in normal airway secretions and has been described as a serum biomarker for obstructive lung diseases. OBJECTIVES To determine whether low CC16 is a marker for airway pathology or is implicated in the pathophysiology of progressive airway damage in these conditions. METHODS Using human data from the birth cohort of the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study, we examined the relation of circulating CC16 levels with pulmonary function and responses to bronchial methacholine challenge from childhood up to age 32 years. In wild-type and CC16-/- mice, we set out to comprehensively examine pulmonary physiology, inflammation, and remodeling in the naive airway. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We observed that Tucson Children's Respiratory Study participants in the lowest tertile of serum CC16 had significant deficits in their lung function and enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine challenge from 11 years throughout young adult life. Similarly, CC16-/- mice had significant deficits in lung function and enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine as compared with wild-type mice, which were independent of inflammation and mucin production. As compared with wild-type mice, CC16-/- mice had significantly elevated gene expression of procollagen type I, procollagen type III, and α-smooth muscle actin, areas of pronounced collagen deposition and significantly enhanced smooth muscle thickness. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support clinical observations by providing evidence that lack of CC16 in the lung results in dramatically altered pulmonary function and structural alterations consistent with enhanced remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhai
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Caroline A. Owen
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Monica Kraft
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center
- Department of Medicine, and
| | - Stefano Guerra
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center
- Department of Medicine, and
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julie G. Ledford
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center
- Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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15
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Foreman TW, Mehra S, Lackner AA, Kaushal D. Translational Research in the Nonhuman Primate Model of Tuberculosis. ILAR J 2018; 58:151-159. [PMID: 28575319 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilx015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis predominantly establishes subclinical latent infection over the lifetime of an individual, with a fraction of infected individuals rapidly progressing to active disease. The immune control in latent infection can be perturbed by comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, and coinfection with helminthes or HIV. Modeling the varying aspects of natural infection remains incomplete when using zebrafish and mice. However, the nonhuman primate model of tuberculosis offers a unique and accurate model to investigate host responses to infection, test novel therapeutics, and thoroughly assess preclinical vaccine candidates. Rhesus macaques and cynomolgus macaques manifest the full gamut of clinical and pathological findings in human Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, including the ability to co-infect macaques with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus to model HIV co-infection. Here we discuss advanced techniques to assay various clinical outcomes of the natural progression of infection as well as therapeutics in development and novel preclinical vaccines. Finally, we survey the translational aspects of nonhuman primate research and argue the urgent need to thoroughly examine preclinical therapeutics and vaccines using this model prior to clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor W Foreman
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana.,Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Louisiana State University School, Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.,Tulane National Primate Research Center in Covington, Louisiana
| | - Andrew A Lackner
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana.,Immunology and Pathology at Tulane University School of Medicine in New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana.,Immunology at Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine in New Orleans, Louisiana
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16
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Miller LA, Royer CM, Pinkerton KE, Schelegle ES. Nonhuman Primate Models of Respiratory Disease: Past, Present, and Future. ILAR J 2018; 58:269-280. [PMID: 29216343 PMCID: PMC5886323 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilx030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system consists of an integrated network of organs and structures that primarily function for gas exchange. In mammals, oxygen and carbon dioxide are transmitted through a complex respiratory tract, consisting of the nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, and lung. Exposure to ambient air throughout the lifespan imposes vulnerability of the respiratory system to environmental challenges that can contribute toward development of disease. The importance of the respiratory system to human health is supported by statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; in 2015, chronic lower respiratory diseases were the third leading cause of death in the United States. In light of the significant mortality associated with respiratory conditions that afflict all ages of the human population, this review will focus on basic and preclinical research conducted in nonhuman primate models of respiratory disease. In comparison with other laboratory animals, the nonhuman primate lung most closely resembles the human lung in structure, physiology, and mucosal immune mechanisms. Studies defining the influence of inhaled microbes, pollutants, or allergens on the nonhuman primate lung have provided insight on disease pathogenesis, with the potential for elucidation of molecular targets leading to new treatment modalities. Vaccine trials in nonhuman primates have been crucial for confirmation of safety and protective efficacy against infectious diseases of the lung in a laboratory animal model that recapitulates pathology observed in humans. In looking to the future, nonhuman primate models of respiratory diseases will continue to be instrumental for translating biomedical research for improvement of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Miller
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Christopher M Royer
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Kent E Pinkerton
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Edward S Schelegle
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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17
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Effects of aging and environmental tobacco smoke exposure on ocular and plasma circulatory microRNAs in the Rhesus macaque. Mol Vis 2018; 24:633-646. [PMID: 30294202 PMCID: PMC6161805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify changes induced by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in circulatory microRNA (miRNA) in plasma and ocular fluids of the Rhesus macaque and compare these changes to normal age-related changes. Tobacco smoke has been identified as the leading environmental risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS All Rhesus macaques were housed at the California National Primate Research Center (CNPRC), University of California, Davis. Four groups of animals were used: Group 1 (1-3 years old), Group 2 (19-28 years old), Group 3 (10-16 years old), and Group 4 (middle aged, 9-14 years old). Group 4 was exposed to smoke for 1 month. Ocular fluids and plasma samples were collected, miRNAs isolated, and expression data obtained using Affymetrix miRNA GeneTitan Array Plates 4.0. Bioinformatics analysis was done on the Affymetrix Expression Console (EC), Transcriptome Analysis Software (TAS) using ANOVA for candidate miRNA selection, followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). RESULTS The expression of circulatory miRNAs showed statistically significant changes with age and ETS. In the plasma samples, 45 miRNAs were strongly upregulated (fold change >±1.5, p<0.05) upon ETS exposure. In the vitreous, three miRNAs were statistically significantly downregulated with ETS, and two of them (miR-6794 and miR-6790) were also statistically significantly downregulated with age. Some retinal layers exhibited a thinning trend measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. The pathways activated were IL-17A, VEGF, and recruitment of eosinophils, Th2 lymphocytes, and macrophages. CONCLUSIONS ETS exposure of Rhesus macaques resulted in statistically significant changes in the expression of the circulatory miRNAs, distinct from those affected by aging. The pathways activated appear to be common for ETS and AMD pathogenesis. These data will be used to develop an animal model of early dry AMD.
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18
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Vandivier RW, Ghosh M. Understanding the Relevance of the Mouse Cigarette Smoke Model of COPD: Peering through the Smoke. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 57:3-4. [PMID: 28665224 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0110ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R William Vandivier
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine University of Colorado Aurora, Colorado and
| | - Moumita Ghosh
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado
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19
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Abstract
Animal models of disease help accelerate the translation of basic science discoveries to the bedside, because they permit experimental interrogation of mechanisms at relatively high throughput, while accounting for the complexity of an intact organism. From the groundbreaking observation of emphysema-like alveolar destruction after direct instillation of elastase in the lungs to the more clinically relevant model of airspace enlargement induced by chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, animal models have advanced our understanding of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) function. Experimental in vivo models that, at least in part, replicate clinical human phenotypes facilitate the translation of mechanistic findings into individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and with AAT deficiency. In addition, unexpected findings of alveolar enlargement in various transgenic mice have led to novel hypotheses of emphysema development. Previous challenges in manipulating the AAT genes in mice can now be overcome with new transgenic approaches that will likely advance our understanding of functions of this essential, lung-protective serine protease inhibitor (serpin).
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20
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Polverino F, Laucho-Contreras ME, Petersen H, Bijol V, Sholl LM, Choi ME, Divo M, Pinto-Plata V, Chetta A, Tesfaigzi Y, Celli BR, Owen CA. A Pilot Study Linking Endothelial Injury in Lungs and Kidneys in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:1464-1476. [PMID: 28085500 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201609-1765oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently have albuminuria (indicative of renal endothelial cell injury) associated with hypoxemia. OBJECTIVES To determine whether (1) cigarette smoke (CS)-induced pulmonary and renal endothelial cell injury explains the association between albuminuria and COPD, (2) CS-induced albuminuria is linked to increases in the oxidative stress-advanced glycation end products (AGEs) receptor for AGEs (RAGE) pathway, and (3) enalapril (which has antioxidant properties) limits the progression of pulmonary and renal injury by reducing activation of the AGEs-RAGE pathway in endothelial cells in both organs. METHODS In 26 patients with COPD, 24 ever-smokers without COPD, 32 nonsmokers who underwent a renal biopsy or nephrectomy, and in CS-exposed mice, we assessed pathologic and ultrastructural renal lesions, and measured urinary albumin/creatinine ratios, tissue oxidative stress levels, and AGEs and RAGE levels in pulmonary and renal endothelial cells. The efficacy of enalapril on pulmonary and renal lesions was assessed in CS-exposed mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patients with COPD and/or CS-exposed mice had chronic renal injury, increased urinary albumin/creatinine ratios, and increased tissue oxidative stress and AGEs-RAGE levels in pulmonary and renal endothelial cells. Treating mice with enalapril attenuated CS-induced increases in urinary albumin/creatinine ratios, tissue oxidative stress levels, endothelial cell AGEs and RAGE levels, pulmonary and renal cell apoptosis, and the progression of chronic renal and pulmonary lesions. CONCLUSIONS Patients with COPD and/or CS-exposed mice have pulmonary and renal endothelial cell injury linked to increased endothelial cell AGEs and RAGE levels. Albuminuria could identify patients with COPD in whom angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy improves renal and lung function by reducing endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Polverino
- 1 Pulmonary Division and.,2 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,3 University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Hans Petersen
- 2 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Vanesa Bijol
- 5 Pathology Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lynette M Sholl
- 5 Pathology Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary E Choi
- 6 Nephrology Division, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Miguel Divo
- 1 Pulmonary Division and.,2 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Victor Pinto-Plata
- 1 Pulmonary Division and.,2 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | | | - Bartolomé R Celli
- 1 Pulmonary Division and.,2 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Caroline A Owen
- 1 Pulmonary Division and.,2 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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21
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Goldklang MP, Tekabe Y, Zelonina T, Trischler J, Xiao R, Stearns K, Romanov A, Muzio V, Shiomi T, Johnson LL, D'Armiento JM. Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography Imaging in a Rabbit Model of Emphysema Reveals Ongoing Apoptosis In Vivo. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:848-857. [PMID: 27483341 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0407oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of lung disease is limited by the inability to visualize ongoing pathological processes. Molecular imaging that targets cellular processes related to disease pathogenesis has the potential to assess disease activity over time to allow intervention before lung destruction. Because apoptosis is a critical component of lung damage in emphysema, a functional imaging approach was taken to determine if targeting apoptosis in a smoke exposure model would allow the quantification of early lung damage in vivo. Rabbits were exposed to cigarette smoke for 4 or 16 weeks and underwent single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography scanning using technetium-99m-rhAnnexin V-128. Imaging results were correlated with ex vivo tissue analysis to validate the presence of lung destruction and apoptosis. Lung computed tomography scans of long-term smoke-exposed rabbits exhibit anatomical similarities to human emphysema, with increased lung volumes compared with controls. Morphometry on lung tissue confirmed increased mean linear intercept and destructive index at 16 weeks of smoke exposure and compliance measurements documented physiological changes of emphysema. Tissue and lavage analysis displayed the hallmarks of smoke exposure, including increased tissue cellularity and protease activity. Technetium-99m-rhAnnexin V-128 single-photon emission computed tomography signal was increased after smoke exposure at 4 and 16 weeks, with confirmation of increased apoptosis through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining and increased tissue neutral sphingomyelinase activity in the tissue. These studies not only describe a novel emphysema model for use with future therapeutic applications, but, most importantly, also characterize a promising imaging modality that identifies ongoing destructive cellular processes within the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valeria Muzio
- 4 Preclinical Pharmacology R&D, Advanced Accelerator Applications (Italy), Saint-Genis-Pouilly, Italy
| | | | | | - Jeanine M D'Armiento
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology.,2 Department of Medicine.,5 Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and
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22
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Dahlmann F, Sewald K. Use of nonhuman primates in obstructive lung disease research - is it required? Primate Biol 2017; 4:131-142. [PMID: 32110701 PMCID: PMC7041527 DOI: 10.5194/pb-4-131-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In times of increasing costs for health insurances, obstructive lung
diseases are a burden for both the patients and the economy. Pulmonary symptoms
of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are similar;
nevertheless, the diseases differ in pathophysiology and therapeutic
approaches. Novel therapeutics are continuously developed, and nonhuman
primates (NHPs) provide valuable models for investigating novel biologicals
regarding efficacy and safety. This review discusses the role of nonhuman primate models for drug
development in asthma and COPD and investigates whether alternative methods
are able to prevent animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Dahlmann
- German Primate Center GmbH, Infection Pathology Unit, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Preclinical Pharmacology and Immunology, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Preclinical Pharmacology and Immunology, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hanover, Germany
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23
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Selim AO, Gouda ZA, Selim SA. An experimental study of a rat model of emphysema induced by cigarette smoke exposure and the effect of Survanta therapy. Ann Anat 2017; 211:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter Induced COPD in a Rat Model and a Description of the Underlying Mechanism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45666. [PMID: 28361885 PMCID: PMC5374504 DOI: 10.1038/srep45666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While the health effects of air pollution have been an international public health concern since at least the 1950s, recent research has focused on two broad sources of air pollution, namely, biomass fuel (BMF) and motor vehicle exhaust (MVE). Many studies have shown associations between air pollution PM and exacerbations of pre-existing COPD, but the role of air pollution PM in the development and progression of COPD is still uncertain. The current study indicates that rats can develop pronounced COPD following chronic exposure to air pollution PM (BMF and MVE), as characterized by lung function reduction, mucus metaplasia, lung and systemic inflammation, emphysema, and small airway remodeling. Comparative analyses demonstrate that both BMF and MVE activate similar pathogenesis that are linked to the development of COPD. These findings also show that some differences are found in the lungs of rats exposed to BMF or MVE, which might result in different phenotypes of COPD.
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25
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Jang JH, Chand HS, Bruse S, Doyle-Eisele M, Royer C, McDonald J, Qualls C, Klingelhutz AJ, Lin Y, Mallampalli R, Tesfaigzi Y, Nyunoya T. Connective Tissue Growth Factor Promotes Pulmonary Epithelial Cell Senescence and Is Associated with COPD Severity. COPD 2016; 14:228-237. [PMID: 28026993 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2016.1262340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) protein in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is consistent in humans and animal models of COPD and to investigate the role of this protein in lung epithelial cells. CTGF in lung epithelial cells of ex-smokers with COPD was compared with ex-smokers without COPD by immunofluorescence. A total of twenty C57Bl/6 mice and sixteen non-human primates (NHPs) were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 4 weeks. Ten mice of these CS-exposed mice and eight of the CS-exposed NHPs were infected with H3N2 influenza A virus (IAV), while the remaining ten mice and eight NHPs were mock-infected with vehicle as control. Both mRNA and protein expression of CTGF in lung epithelial cells of mice and NHPs were determined. The effects of CTGF overexpression on cell proliferation, p16 protein, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity were examined in cultured human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). In humans, CTGF expression increased with increasing COPD severity. We found that protein expression of CTGF was upregulated in lung epithelial cells in both mice and NHPs exposed to CS and infected with IAV compared to those exposed to CS only. When overexpressed in HBECs, CTGF accelerated cellular senescence accompanied by p16 accumulation. Both CTGF and p16 protein expression in lung epithelia are positively associated with the severity of COPD in ex-smokers. These findings show that CTGF is consistently expressed in epithelial cells of COPD lungs. By accelerating lung epithelial senescence, CTGF may block regeneration relative to epithelial cell loss and lead to emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Jang
- a Department of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.,b VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- c Department of Immunology , Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University Miami , Miami , FL , USA
| | | | - Melanie Doyle-Eisele
- e COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - Christopher Royer
- e COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - Jacob McDonald
- e COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | | | - Aloysius J Klingelhutz
- g Department of Microbiology , University of Iowa, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Yong Lin
- e COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - Rama Mallampalli
- a Department of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.,b VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- e COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - Toru Nyunoya
- a Department of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.,b VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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26
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Desoubeaux G, Reichert JM, Sleeman M, Reckamp KL, Ryffel B, Adamczewski JP, Sweeney TD, Vanbever R, Diot P, Owen CA, Page C, Lerondel S, Le Pape A, Heuze-Vourc'h N. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for respiratory diseases: Current challenges and perspectives, March 31 - April 1, 2016, Tours, France. MAbs 2016; 8:999-1009. [PMID: 27266390 PMCID: PMC4968091 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1196521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics have tremendous potential to benefit patients with lung diseases, for which there remains substantial unmet medical need. To capture the current state of mAb research and development in the area of respiratory diseases, the Research Center of Respiratory Diseases (CEPR-INSERM U1100), the Laboratory of Excellence “MAbImprove,” the GDR 3260 “Antibodies and therapeutic targeting,” and the Grant Research program ARD2020 “Biotherapeutics” invited speakers from industry, academic and government organizations to present their recent research results at the Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies for Respiratory Diseases: Current challenges and perspectives congress held March 31 – April 1, 2016 in Tours, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Desoubeaux
- a Université François-Rabelais , Tours , France.,b INSERM, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France.,c Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Janice M Reichert
- d The Antibody Society , Framingham , MA , USA.,e Reichert Biotechnology Consulting LLC , Framingham MA , USA
| | | | - Karen L Reckamp
- g City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center , Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- h Université d'Orléans , Orléans , France.,i University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM) , Cape Town , South Africa
| | | | | | - Rita Vanbever
- l Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Patrice Diot
- a Université François-Rabelais , Tours , France.,b INSERM, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France.,c Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Caroline A Owen
- m Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,n Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - Clive Page
- o King's College, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology , London , UK
| | | | - Alain Le Pape
- a Université François-Rabelais , Tours , France.,b INSERM, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France.,p PHENOMIN-TAAM CNRS, CIPA , Orléans , France
| | - Nathalie Heuze-Vourc'h
- a Université François-Rabelais , Tours , France.,b INSERM, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France
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Polverino F, Laucho-Contreras M, Rojas Quintero J, Divo M, Pinto-Plata V, Sholl L, de-Torres JP, Celli BR, Owen CA. Increased expression of A Proliferation-inducing Ligand (APRIL) in lung leukocytes and alveolar epithelial cells in COPD patients with non small cell lung cancer: a possible link between COPD and lung cancer? Multidiscip Respir Med 2016; 11:17. [PMID: 27047662 PMCID: PMC4819280 DOI: 10.1186/s40248-016-0051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by an excessive activation of the adaptive immune system and, in particular, uncontrolled expansion of the B-cell pool. One of the key promoters of B cell expansion is A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL). APRIL has been strongly linked to non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) onset and progression previously. However, little is known about the expression of APRIL in the lungs of COPD patients. Methods Using immuno-fluorescence staining, the expression of APRIL was assessed in sections of lungs from 4 subjects with primary diagnosis of COPD (FEV1 33 ± 20 % predicted), 4 subjects with primary diagnosis of NSCLC, 4 subjects diagnosed with both COPD and NSCLC, smokers without COPD or NSCLC and 3 healthy never-smokers. The percentage of B cells, alveolar macrophages (AMs) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in the lung and alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) that stained positively for APRIL was quantified using epi-fluorescence microscopy and image analysis software. Results The percentage of APRIL-expressing B cells, AMs, PMNs and alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) was higher in patients having both COPD and NSCLC than in patients with either COPD or NSCLC alone, SC or NSC (p < 0.03 for all comparisons). The percentage of APRIL-expressing AMs and AECs (but not in B cells) was higher in patients with NSCLC alone than in patients with COPD alone. The percentage of APRIL-expressing AECs (but not B cells or AMs) was higher in COPD patients than in SC and NSC (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). The percentage of APRIL-expressing B cells, AMs and AECs cells was similar in NSC and SC. Conclusion The percentage of APRIL-expressing B cells, AMs and AECs is higher in the lungs of patients with both COPD and NSCLC than in patients with COPD or NSCLC alone or control subjects. These findings suggest that APRIL may contribute to the pathogenesis of both COPD and NSCLC, and possibly to the development of NSCLC in patients with established COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Polverino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Room 855B, Harvard Institutes of Medicine Building, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM USA.,University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Laucho-Contreras
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Room 855B, Harvard Institutes of Medicine Building, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Joselyn Rojas Quintero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Room 855B, Harvard Institutes of Medicine Building, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Miguel Divo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Room 855B, Harvard Institutes of Medicine Building, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Victor Pinto-Plata
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Room 855B, Harvard Institutes of Medicine Building, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Lynette Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Bartolome R Celli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Room 855B, Harvard Institutes of Medicine Building, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Caroline A Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Room 855B, Harvard Institutes of Medicine Building, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM USA
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Didier ES, MacLean AG, Mohan M, Didier PJ, Lackner AA, Kuroda MJ. Contributions of Nonhuman Primates to Research on Aging. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:277-90. [PMID: 26869153 PMCID: PMC5027759 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815622974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the biological process of declining physiologic function associated with increasing mortality rate during advancing age. Humans and higher nonhuman primates exhibit unusually longer average life spans as compared with mammals of similar body mass. Furthermore, the population of humans worldwide is growing older as a result of improvements in public health, social services, and health care systems. Comparative studies among a wide range of organisms that include nonhuman primates contribute greatly to our understanding about the basic mechanisms of aging. Based on their genetic and physiologic relatedness to humans, nonhuman primates are especially important for better understanding processes of aging unique to primates, as well as for testing intervention strategies to improve healthy aging and to treat diseases and disabilities in older people. Rhesus and cynomolgus macaques are the predominant monkeys used in studies on aging, but research with lower nonhuman primate species is increasing. One of the priority topics of research about aging in nonhuman primates involves neurologic changes associated with cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Additional areas of research include osteoporosis, reproductive decline, caloric restriction, and their mimetics, as well as immune senescence and chronic inflammation that affect vaccine efficacy and resistance to infections and cancer. The purpose of this review is to highlight the findings from nonhuman primate research that contribute to our understanding about aging and health span in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Didier
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - A G MacLean
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - M Mohan
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - P J Didier
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - A A Lackner
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - M J Kuroda
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
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Polverino F, Cosio BG, Pons J, Laucho-Contreras M, Tejera P, Iglesias A, Rios A, Jahn A, Sauleda J, Divo M, Pinto-Plata V, Sholl L, Rosas IO, Agustí A, Celli BR, Owen CA. B Cell-Activating Factor. An Orchestrator of Lymphoid Follicles in Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:695-705. [PMID: 26073875 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201501-0107oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have increased pulmonary lymphoid follicle (LF) counts. B cell-activating factor of tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) regulates B cells in health, but its role in COPD pathogenesis is unclear. OBJECTIVES To determine whether BAFF expression in pulmonary LFs correlates with COPD severity, LF size or number, and/or readouts of B-cell function in LFs. METHODS We correlated BAFF immunostaining in LFs in lung explants or biopsies from nonsmoking control subjects (NSC), smokers without COPD (SC), and patients with COPD with the number and size of LFs, and LF B-cell apoptosis, activation, and proliferation. We analyzed serum BAFF levels and BAFF expression in B cells in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage samples from the same subject groups. We assessed whether: (1) cigarette smoke extract (CSE) increases B-cell BAFF expression and (2) recombinant BAFF (rBAFF) rescues B cells from CSE-induced apoptosis by inhibiting activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage IV COPD had increased numbers and larger pulmonary LFs than patients with GOLD stages I-II COPD and SC. We identified two main types of pulmonary LFs: (1) type A, the predominant type in GOLD stages I-II COPD and SC, characterized by abundant apoptotic but few BAFF-positive cells (mostly B cells); and (2) type B, the main type in GOLD stage IV COPD, characterized by abundant BAFF-positive cells but few apoptotic cells (mostly B cells). BAFF levels were also higher in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage B cells in patients with COPD versus NSC and SC. Surprisingly, rBAFF blocked CSE-induced B-cell apoptosis by inhibiting CSE-induced NF-κB activation. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the hypothesis that B-cell BAFF expression creates a self-perpetuating loop contributing to COPD progression by promoting pulmonary B-cell survival and LF expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Polverino
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,3 University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Borja G Cosio
- 4 Research Unit, FISIB, IdISPa, and.,5 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Son Espases, Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jaime Pons
- 4 Research Unit, FISIB, IdISPa, and.,6 Immunology Department, Hospital Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Paula Tejera
- 7 Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | | | | | | | - Jaume Sauleda
- 4 Research Unit, FISIB, IdISPa, and.,5 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Son Espases, Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Divo
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Victor Pinto-Plata
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Lynette Sholl
- 8 Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Alvar Agustí
- 5 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Son Espases, Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Mallorca, Spain.,9 Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and CIBERES, FISIB, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Bartolome R Celli
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Caroline A Owen
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Why do we need a nonhuman primate model of smoking-induced COPD? THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:610-3. [PMID: 25576784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This Commentary highlights the article by Polverino et al, describing the development of a novel nonhuman primate model of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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