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Ortega M, Sparks J, Lichy J, Nava VE. KRAS G12D mutation in Brunner gland adenoma. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e252160. [PMID: 36707100 PMCID: PMC9884920 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-252160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Brunner gland lesions (BGLs) encompass benign proliferations of the homonymous glands and have been designated as hyperplasia, adenoma (BGA), hamartoma or nodule. In general terms, lesions larger than 0.5 cm are considered true neoplasia with unknown malignant potential and unclear pathogenesis. Genetic alterations have seldom been reported in BGL, and include SMAD4/DPC4 and LRIG1, but not KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue) to the best of our knowledge.We present the case of a man in his 60s, evaluated for iron deficiency anaemia harbouring a 1.5 cm BGA found by duodenoscopy. Immunohistochemistry failed to reveal microsatellite instability, and next-generation sequencing revealed a KRAS G12D point mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahatma Ortega
- Pathology, George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jessica Sparks
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jack Lichy
- Department of Pathology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Victor E Nava
- Department of Pathology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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2
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HYPOTHESIS: Do LRIG Proteins Regulate Stem Cell Quiescence by Promoting BMP Signaling? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:59-66. [PMID: 35969315 PMCID: PMC9823064 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG) proteins are evolutionarily conserved integral membrane proteins. Mammalian LRIG1 regulates stem cell quiescence in various tissue compartments, including compartments in the epidermis, oral mucosa, intestines, neural system, and incisors. The planarian LRIG1 homolog regulates the quiescence of multipotent neoblasts. The mechanism through which LRIG proteins regulate stem cell quiescence has not been well documented, although it is generally assumed that LRIG1 regulates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or other receptor tyrosine kinases. However, Lrig-null (Lrig1-/-;Lrig2-/-; and Lrig3-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have been recently found to exhibit apparently normal receptor tyrosine kinase functions. Moreover, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling has been shown to depend on LRIG1 and LRIG3 expression. BMPs are well-known regulators of stem cell quiescence. Here, we hypothesize that LRIG1 might regulate stem cell quiescence by promoting BMP signaling. HYPOTHESIS: Based on recent findings, it is hypothesized that LRIG1 regulates stem cell quiescence in mammalian tissues as well as in planarian neoblasts by promoting BMP signaling.
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3
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Umeh-Garcia M, O'Geen H, Simion C, Gephart MH, Segal DJ, Sweeney CA. Aberrant promoter methylation contributes to LRIG1 silencing in basal/triple-negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:436-448. [PMID: 35440669 PMCID: PMC9346006 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LRIG1, the founding member of the LRIG (leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain) family of transmembrane proteins, is a negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinases and a tumour suppressor. Decreased LRIG1 expression is consistently observed in cancer, across diverse tumour types, and is linked to poor patient prognosis. However, mechanisms by which LRIG1 is repressed are not fully understood. Silencing of LRIG1 through promoter CpG island methylation has been reported in colorectal and cervical cancer but studies in breast cancer remain limited. METHODS In silico analysis of human breast cancer patient data were used to demonstrate a correlation between DNA methylation and LRIG1 silencing in basal/triple-negative breast cancer, and its impact on patient survival. LRIG1 gene expression, protein abundance, and methylation enrichment were examined by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, immunoblotting, and methylation immunoprecipitation, respectively, in breast cancer cell lines in vitro. We examined the impact of global demethylation on LRIG1 expression and methylation enrichment using 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. We also examined the effects of targeted demethylation of the LRIG1 CpG island, and transcriptional activation of LRIG1 expression, using the RNA guided deadCas9 transactivation system. RESULTS Across breast cancer subtypes, LRIG1 expression is lowest in the basal/triple-negative subtype so we investigated whether differential methylation may contribute to this. Indeed, we find that LRIG1 CpG island methylation is most prominent in basal/triple-negative cell lines and patient samples. Use of the global demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine decreases methylation leading to increased LRIG1 transcript expression in basal/triple-negative cell lines, while having no effect on LRIG1 expression in luminal/ER-positive cell lines. Using a CRISPR/deadCas9 (dCas9)-based targeting approach, we demonstrate that TET1-mediated demethylation (Tet1-dCas9) along with VP64-mediated transcriptional activation (VP64-dCas9) at the CpG island, increased endogenous LRIG1 expression in basal/triple-negative breast cancer cells, without transcriptional upregulation at predicted off-target sites. Activation of LRIG1 by the dCas9 transactivation system significantly increased LRIG1 protein abundance, reduced site-specific methylation, and reduced cancer cell viability. Our findings suggest that CRISPR-mediated targeted activation may be a feasible way to restore LRIG1 expression in cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our study contributes novel insight into mechanisms which repress LRIG1 in triple-negative breast cancer and demonstrates for the first time that targeted de-repression of LRIG1 in cancer cells is possible. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms associated with repression of tumour suppressor genes holds potential for the advancement of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Umeh-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | | - Catalina Simion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - David J Segal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Colleen A Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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4
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Eicher AK, Kechele DO, Sundaram N, Berns HM, Poling HM, Haines LE, Sanchez JG, Kishimoto K, Krishnamurthy M, Han L, Zorn AM, Helmrath MA, Wells JM. Functional human gastrointestinal organoids can be engineered from three primary germ layers derived separately from pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:36-51.e6. [PMID: 34856121 PMCID: PMC8741755 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human organoid model systems lack important cell types that, in the embryo, are incorporated into organ tissues during development. We developed an organoid assembly approach starting with cells from the three primary germ layers-enteric neuroglial, mesenchymal, and epithelial precursors-that were derived separately from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). From these three cell types, we generated human antral and fundic gastric tissue containing differentiated glands surrounded by layers of smooth muscle containing functional enteric neurons that controlled contractions of the engineered antral tissue. Using this experimental system, we show that human enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) promote mesenchyme development and glandular morphogenesis of antral stomach organoids. Moreover, ENCCs can act directly on the foregut to promote a posterior fate, resulting in organoids with a Brunner's gland phenotype. Thus, germ layer components that are derived separately from PSCs can be used for tissue engineering to generate complex human organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K. Eicher
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA,Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Daniel O. Kechele
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Nambirajan Sundaram
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - H. Matthew Berns
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Holly M. Poling
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Lauren E. Haines
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - J. Guillermo Sanchez
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA,Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Keishi Kishimoto
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA,CuSTOM-RIKEN BDR Collaborative Laboratory, CCHMC, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA,Laboratory for Lung Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mansa Krishnamurthy
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Lu Han
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Aaron M. Zorn
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Michael A. Helmrath
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - James M. Wells
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA,Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA,Lead Contact and Corresponding Author,Corresponding Author’s:
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5
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Duan S, Rico K, Merchant JL. Gastrin: From Physiology to Gastrointestinal Malignancies. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 3:zqab062. [PMID: 35330921 PMCID: PMC8788842 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abetted by widespread usage of acid-suppressing proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), the mitogenic actions of the peptide hormone gastrin are being revisited as a recurring theme in various gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. While pathological gastrin levels are intricately linked to hyperplasia of enterochromaffin-like cells leading to carcinoid development, the signaling effects exerted by gastrin on distinct cell types of the gastric mucosa are more nuanced. Indeed, mounting evidence suggests dichotomous roles for gastrin in both promoting and suppressing tumorigenesis. Here, we review the major upstream mediators of gastrin gene regulation, including inflammation secondary to Helicobacter pylori infection and the use of PPIs. We further explore the molecular biology of gastrin in GI malignancies, with particular emphasis on the regulation of gastrin in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Finally, we highlight tissue-specific transcriptional targets as an avenue for targetable therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzann Duan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Karen Rico
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Niitsu H, Lu Y, Huh WJ, Love AM, Franklin JL, Coffey RJ. Cell-Autonomous Role of EGFR in Spontaneous Duodenal Tumors in LRIG1 Null Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1159-1162.e4. [PMID: 33989815 PMCID: PMC8413138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Niitsu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Y Lu
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - W J Huh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - A M Love
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - J L Franklin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - R J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
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7
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Kondo J, Huh WJ, Franklin JL, Heinrich MC, Rubin BP, Coffey RJ. A smooth muscle-derived, Braf-driven mouse model of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): evidence for an alternative GIST cell-of-origin. J Pathol 2020; 252:441-450. [PMID: 32944951 PMCID: PMC7802691 DOI: 10.1002/path.5552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gut. GISTs are thought to arise solely from interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), a KIT-positive population that controls gut motility. Activating gain-of-function mutations in KIT and PDGFRA are the most frequent driver events, and most of these tumors are responsive to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. Less common drivers include mutant BRAFV600E and these tumors are resistant to imatinib. A mouse model of GIST was recently reported using Etv1, the master transcriptional regulator of ICC-intramuscular (IM) and ICC-myenteric (MY), to induce mutant Braf expression. ICC hyperplasia was observed in Etv1CreERT2 ;BrafLSL-V600E/+ mice but loss of Trp53 was required for development of GIST. We identified previously expression of the pan-ErbB negative regulator, LRIG1, in two distinct subclasses of ICC [ICC-deep muscular plexus (DMP) in small intestine and ICC-submucosal plexus (SMP) in colon] and that LRIG1 regulated their development from smooth muscle cell progenitors. Using Lrig1CreERT2 to induce BrafV600E , we observed ICC hyperplasia beyond the confines of ICC-DMP and ICC-SMP expression, suggesting smooth muscle cells as the cell-of-origin. To examine this possibility, we selectively activated BrafV600E in smooth muscle cells. Myh11CreERT2 ;BrafLSL-V600E/+ mice developed not only ICC hyperplasia but also GIST and in the absence of Trp53 disruption. In addition to providing a simpler model for mutant Braf GIST, these results provide conclusive evidence for smooth muscle cells as an alternative cell-of-origin for GIST. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, USA
- Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Won Jae Huh
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Franklin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, USA
| | - Michael C Heinrich
- Hematology/Medical Oncology, Portland VA Health Care System and OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, OR, USA
| | - Brian P Rubin
- Robert J Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, USA
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8
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Byrd KM, Piehl NC, Patel JH, Huh WJ, Sequeira I, Lough KJ, Wagner BL, Marangoni P, Watt FM, Klein OD, Coffey RJ, Williams SE. Heterogeneity within Stratified Epithelial Stem Cell Populations Maintains the Oral Mucosa in Response to Physiological Stress. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 25:814-829.e6. [PMID: 31809739 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells in stratified epithelia are generally believed to adhere to a non-hierarchical single-progenitor model. Using lineage tracing and genetic label-retention assays, we show that the hard palatal epithelium of the oral cavity is unique in displaying marked proliferative heterogeneity. We identify a previously uncharacterized, infrequently-dividing stem cell population that resides within a candidate niche, the junctional zone (JZ). JZ stem cells tend to self-renew by planar symmetric divisions, respond to masticatory stresses, and promote wound healing, whereas frequently-dividing cells reside outside the JZ, preferentially renew through perpendicular asymmetric divisions, and are less responsive to injury. LRIG1 is enriched in the infrequently-dividing population in homeostasis, dynamically changes expression in response to tissue stresses, and promotes quiescence, whereas Igfbp5 preferentially labels a rapidly-growing, differentiation-prone population. These studies establish the oral mucosa as an important model system to study epithelial stem cell populations and how they respond to tissue stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Byrd
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, the University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalie C Piehl
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeet H Patel
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Won Jae Huh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Inês Sequeira
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London E1 9RT, UK
| | - Kendall J Lough
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bethany L Wagner
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Pauline Marangoni
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London E1 9RT, UK
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Vanderbilt University, TN 37212, USA
| | - Scott E Williams
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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9
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Huh WJ, Niitsu H, Carney B, McKinley ET, Houghton JL, Coffey RJ. Identification and Characterization of Unique Neutralizing Antibodies to Mouse EGF Receptor. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1500-1502. [PMID: 31866246 PMCID: PMC7103561 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Won Jae Huh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hiroaki Niitsu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Brandon Carney
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eliot T. McKinley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jacob L. Houghton
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Li Q, Liu B, Chao HP, Ji Y, Lu Y, Mehmood R, Jeter C, Chen T, Moore JR, Li W, Liu C, Rycaj K, Tracz A, Kirk J, Calhoun-Davis T, Xiong J, Deng Q, Huang J, Foster BA, Gokhale A, Chen X, Tang DG. LRIG1 is a pleiotropic androgen receptor-regulated feedback tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5494. [PMID: 31792211 PMCID: PMC6889295 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LRIG1 has been reported to be a tumor suppressor in gastrointestinal tract and epidermis. However, little is known about the expression, regulation and biological functions of LRIG1 in prostate cancer (PCa). We find that LRIG1 is overexpressed in PCa, but its expression correlates with better patient survival. Functional studies reveal strong tumor-suppressive functions of LRIG1 in both AR+ and AR- xenograft models, and transgenic expression of LRIG1 inhibits tumor development in Hi-Myc and TRAMP models. LRIG1 also inhibits castration-resistant PCa and exhibits therapeutic efficacy in pre-established tumors. We further show that 1) AR directly transactivates LRIG1 through binding to several AR-binding sites in LRIG1 locus, and 2) LRIG1 dampens ERBB expression in a cell type-dependent manner and inhibits ERBB2-driven tumor growth. Collectively, our study indicates that LRIG1 represents a pleiotropic AR-regulated feedback tumor suppressor that functions to restrict oncogenic signaling from AR, Myc, ERBBs, and, likely, other oncogenic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Bigang Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Hsueh-Ping Chao
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Yibing Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Rashid Mehmood
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Collene Jeter
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Taiping Chen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - John R Moore
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Kiera Rycaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Amanda Tracz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Jason Kirk
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Tammy Calhoun-Davis
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Qu Deng
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University of School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Barbara A Foster
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Abhiram Gokhale
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 430030, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA.
- Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200120, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang Q, Higginbotham JN, Jeppesen DK, Yang YP, Li W, McKinley ET, Graves-Deal R, Ping J, Britain CM, Dorsett KA, Hartman CL, Ford DA, Allen RM, Vickers KC, Liu Q, Franklin JL, Bellis SL, Coffey RJ. Transfer of Functional Cargo in Exomeres. Cell Rep 2019; 27:940-954.e6. [PMID: 30956133 PMCID: PMC6559347 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exomeres are a recently discovered type of extracellular nanoparticle with no known biological function. Herein, we describe a simple ultracentrifugation-based method for separation of exomeres from exosomes. Exomeres are enriched in Argonaute 1-3 and amyloid precursor protein. We identify distinct functions of exomeres mediated by two of their cargo, the β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6Gal-I) that α2,6- sialylates N-glycans, and the EGFR ligand, amphiregulin (AREG). Functional ST6Gal-I in exomeres can be transferred to cells, resulting in hypersialylation of recipient cell-surface proteins including β1-integrin. AREG-containing exomeres elicit prolonged EGFR and downstream signaling in recipient cells, modulate EGFR trafficking in normal intestinal organoids, and dramatically enhance the growth of colonic tumor organoids. This study provides a simplified method of exomere isolation and demonstrates that exomeres contain and can transfer functional cargo. These findings underscore the heterogeneity of nanoparticles and should accelerate advances in determining the composition and biological functions of exomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James N Higginbotham
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dennis K Jeppesen
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Yang
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ramona Graves-Deal
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jie Ping
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Britain
- Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A Dorsett
- Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Celine L Hartman
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - David A Ford
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Department of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Franklin
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Vanderbilt University, TN 37212, USA
| | - Susan L Bellis
- Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Vanderbilt University, TN 37212, USA.
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12
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Abstract
CONTEXT.— Duodenal epithelial polyps are reported in 1.5% to 3% of individuals referred for upper endoscopy. Most duodenal epithelial polyps are asymptomatic and nonneoplastic; however, a small subset is neoplastic and may progress to adenocarcinoma. Recent advances in immunohistochemical and molecular techniques have helped further characterize these polyps, shedding light on their origin, classification, and risk of progression to adenocarcinoma. OBJECTIVE.— To provide a comprehensive clinicopathologic review of nonneoplastic and neoplastic duodenal epithelial polyps, with particular emphasis on recent developments in classification schemes and risk stratification based upon immunohistochemical and molecular profiles. DATA SOURCES.— This review is based on peer-reviewed literature and the authors' experiences. CONCLUSIONS.— In this review we provide an update on the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of duodenal epithelial polyps and discuss the surveillance recommendations and treatment options available. Particular attention should be placed on recognizing duodenal adenomas with intestinal, gastric, and serrated phenotype, as they have an increased risk of malignant transformation if not completely excised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Collins
- From the Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Saverio Ligato
- From the Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
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13
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Yu S, Yang M, Lim KM, Cho Y, Kim H, Lee K, Jeong SH, Coffey RJ, Goldenring JR, Nam KT. Expression of LRIG1, a Negative Regulator of EGFR, Is Dynamically Altered during Different Stages of Gastric Carcinogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2912-2923. [PMID: 30248341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG)-1 is a transmembrane protein that antagonizes epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in epithelial tissues. LRIG1 is down-regulated in various epithelial cancers, including bladder, breast, and colorectal cancer, suggesting that it functions as a tumor suppressor. However, its role in gastric carcinogenesis is not well understood. Here, we investigated the changes in LRIG1 expression during the stages of gastric cancer. We used a DMP-777-induced spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia mouse model and a tissue array of human gastric cancer lesions. The effects of LRIG1 knockdown were also assessed using the human gastric cancer cell line SNU638 in a xenograft model. LRIG1 expression varied over the course of gastric carcinogenesis, increasing in spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia lesions but disappearing in intestinal metaplasia and cancer lesions, and the increase was concurrent with the up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor. In addition, LRIG1 knockdown promoted the tumorigenic potential in vitro, which was manifested as increased proliferation, invasiveness, and migration as well as increased tumor size in vivo in the xenograft model. Furthermore, LRIG1 expression was determined to be a positive prognostic biomarker for the survival of gastric cancer patients. Collectively, our findings indicate that LRIG1 expression is closely related wto gastric carcinogenesis and may play a vital role as a tumor suppressor through the modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsook Yu
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijeong Yang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Cho
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunwook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James R Goldenring
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Section of Surgical Science, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Choi E, Lantz TL, Vlacich G, Keeley TM, Samuelson LC, Coffey RJ, Goldenring JR, Powell AE. Lrig1+ gastric isthmal progenitor cells restore normal gastric lineage cells during damage recovery in adult mouse stomach. Gut 2018; 67:1595-1605. [PMID: 28814482 PMCID: PMC5815959 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-313874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lrig1 is a marker of proliferative and quiescent stem cells in the skin and intestine. We examined whether Lrig1-expressing cells are long-lived gastric progenitors in gastric glands in the mouse stomach. We also investigated how the Lrig1-expressing progenitor cells contribute to the regeneration of normal gastric mucosa by lineage commitment to parietal cells after acute gastric injury in mice. DESIGN We performed lineage labelling using Lrig1-CreERT2/+;R26R-YFP/+ (Lrig1/YFP) or R26R-LacZ/+ (Lrig1/LacZ) mice to examine whether the Lrig1-YFP-marked cells are gastric progenitor cells. We studied whether Lrig1-YFP-marked cells give rise to normal gastric lineage cells in damaged mucosa using Lrig1/YFP mice after treatment with DMP-777 to induce acute injury. We also studied Lrig1-CreERT2/CreERT2 (Lrig1 knockout) mice to examine whether the Lrig1 protein is required for regeneration of gastric corpus mucosa after acute injury. RESULTS Lrig1-YFP-marked cells give rise to gastric lineage epithelial cells both in the gastric corpus and antrum, in contrast to published results that Lgr5 only marks progenitor cells within the gastric antrum. Lrig1-YFP-marked cells contribute to replacement of damaged gastric oxyntic glands during the recovery phase after acute oxyntic atrophy in the gastric corpus. Lrig1 null mice recovered normally from acute gastric mucosal injury indicating that Lrig1 protein is not required for lineage differentiation. Lrig1+ isthmal progenitor cells did not contribute to transdifferentiating chief cell lineages after acute oxyntic atrophy. CONCLUSIONS Lrig1 marks gastric corpus epithelial progenitor cells capable of repopulating the damaged oxyntic mucosa by differentiating into normal gastric lineage cells in mouse stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Choi
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Nashville, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tyler L Lantz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Oregon, USA
| | - Gregory Vlacich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Nashville, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James R Goldenring
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Nashville, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anne E Powell
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Oregon, USA
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) were initially identified as a separate entity in the early 1900s as a unique malignancy that secretes bioactive amines. GI-NETs are the most frequent type and represent a unique subset of NETs, because at least 75% of these tumors represent gastrin stimulation of the enterochromaffin-like cell located in the body of the stomach. The purpose of this review is to understand the specific role of gastrin in the generation of Gastric NETs (G-NETs). RECENT FINDINGS We review here the origin of enterochromaffin cells gut and the role of hypergastrinemia in gastric enteroendocrine tumorigenesis. We describe generation of the first genetically engineered mouse model of gastrin-driven G-NETs that mimics the human phenotype. The common mechanism observed in both the hypergastrinemic mouse model and human carcinoids is translocation of the cyclin-dependent inhibitor p27kip to the cytoplasm and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. Therapies that block degradation of p27kip, the CCKBR2 gastrin receptor, or gastrin peptide are likely to facilitate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinju Sundaresan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, BSRB, 2051, 109 Zina Pitcher PL, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Anthony J Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, BSRB, 2051, 109 Zina Pitcher PL, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Juanita L Merchant
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, BSRB, 2051, 109 Zina Pitcher PL, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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16
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Ahmad R, Kumar B, Pan K, Dhawan P, Singh AB. HDAC-4 regulates claudin-2 expression in EGFR-ERK1/2 dependent manner to regulate colonic epithelial cell differentiation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:87718-87736. [PMID: 29152115 PMCID: PMC5675667 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In normal colon, claudin-2 expression is restricted to the crypt bottom containing the undifferentiated and proliferative colonocytes. Claudin-2 expression is also upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and promotes carcinogenesis. However, cellular mechanism/s regulated by increased claudin-2 expression during the CRC and mechanism/s regulating this increase remain poorly understood. Epigenetic mechanisms help regulate expression of cancer-associated genes and inhibition of Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) induces cell cycle arrest and differentiation. Accordingly, based on a comprehensive in vitro and in vivo analysis we here report that Histone Deacetylases regulate claudin-2 expression in causal association with colonocyte dedifferentiation to promote CRC. Detailed differentiation analyses using colon cancer cells demonstrated inverse association between claudin-2 expression and epithelial differentiation. Genetic manipulation studies revealed the causal role of HDAC-4 in regulating claudin-2 expression during this process. Further analysis identified transcriptional regulation as the underlying mechanism, which was dependent on HDAC-4 dependent modulation of the EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling. Accordingly, colon tumors demonstrated marked upregulation of the HDAC-4/ERK1/2/Claudin-2 signaling. Taken together, we demonstrate a novel role for HDAC-4/EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling in regulating claudin-2 expression to modulate colonocyte differentiation. These findings are of clinical significance and highlight epigenetic regulation as potential mechanism to regulate claudin-2 expression during mucosal pathologies including CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Balawant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kaichao Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar B Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
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17
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Neirinckx V, Hedman H, Niclou SP. Harnessing LRIG1-mediated inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:109-116. [PMID: 28259645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains containing protein 1 (LRIG1) is an endogenous feedback regulator of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and was recently shown to inhibit growth of different types of malignancies. Additionally, this multifaceted RTK inhibitor was reported to be a tumor suppressor, a stem cell regulator, and a modulator of different cellular phenotypes. This mini-review provides a concise and up-to-date summary about the known functions of LRIG1 and its related family members, with a special emphasis on underlying molecular mechanisms and the opportunities for harnessing its therapeutic potential against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Neirinckx
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526, Luxembourg
| | - Hakan Hedman
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526, Luxembourg; K.G. Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Centre, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
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18
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Septin oligomerization regulates persistent expression of ErbB2/HER2 in gastric cancer cells. Biochem J 2016; 473:1703-18. [PMID: 27048593 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Septins are a family of cytoskeletal GTP-binding proteins that assemble into membrane-associated hetero-oligomers and organize scaffolds for recruitment of cytosolic proteins or stabilization of membrane proteins. Septins have been implicated in a diverse range of cancers, including gastric cancer, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The hypothesis tested here is that septins contribute to cancer by stabilizing the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2, an important target for cancer treatment. Septins and ErbB2 were highly over-expressed in gastric cancer cells. Immunoprecipitation followed by MS analysis identified ErbB2 as a septin-interacting protein. Knockdown of septin-2 or cell exposure to forchlorfenuron (FCF), a well-established inhibitor of septin oligomerization, decreased surface and total levels of ErbB2. These treatments had no effect on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), emphasizing the specificity and functionality of the septin-ErbB2 interaction. The level of ubiquitylated ErbB2 at the plasma membrane was elevated in cells treated with FCF, which was accompanied by a decrease in co-localization of ErbB2 with septins at the membrane. Cathepsin B inhibitor, but not bafilomycin or lactacystin, prevented FCF-induced decrease in total ErbB2 by increasing accumulation of ubiquitylated ErbB2 in lysosomes. Therefore, septins protect ErbB2 from ubiquitylation, endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. The FCF-induced degradation pathway is distinct from and additive with the degradation induced by inhibiting ErbB2 chaperone Hsp90. These results identify septins as novel regulators of ErbB2 expression that contribute to the remarkable stabilization of the receptor at the plasma membrane of cancer cells and may provide a basis for the development of new ErbB2-targeting anti-cancer therapies.
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