1
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Empitu MA, Kikyo M, Shirata N, Yamada H, Makino SI, Kadariswantiningsih IN, Aizawa M, Patrakka J, Nishimori K, Asanuma K. Inhibition of Importin- α -Mediated Nuclear Localization of Dendrin Attenuates Podocyte Loss and Glomerulosclerosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:1222-1239. [PMID: 37134307 PMCID: PMC10356163 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Nuclear translocation of dendrin is observed in injured podocytes, but the mechanism and its consequence are unknown. In nephropathy mouse models, dendrin ablation attenuates proteinuria, podocyte loss, and glomerulosclerosis. The nuclear translocation of dendrin promotes c-Jun N -terminal kinase phosphorylation in podocytes, altering focal adhesion and enhancing cell detachment-induced apoptosis. We identified mediation of dendrin nuclear translocation by nuclear localization signal 1 (NLS1) sequence and adaptor protein importin- α . Inhibition of importin- α prevents nuclear translocation of dendrin, decreases podocyte loss, and attenuates glomerulosclerosis in nephropathy models. Thus, inhibiting importin- α -mediated nuclear translocation of dendrin is a potential strategy to halt podocyte loss and glomerulosclerosis. BACKGROUND Nuclear translocation of dendrin is observed in the glomeruli in numerous human renal diseases, but the mechanism remains unknown. This study investigated that mechanism and its consequence in podocytes. METHODS The effect of dendrin deficiency was studied in adriamycin (ADR) nephropathy model and membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 2 ( MAGI2 ) podocyte-specific knockout ( MAGI2 podKO) mice. The mechanism and the effect of nuclear translocation of dendrin were studied in podocytes overexpressing full-length dendrin and nuclear localization signal 1-deleted dendrin. Ivermectin was used to inhibit importin- α . RESULTS Dendrin ablation reduced albuminuria, podocyte loss, and glomerulosclerosis in ADR-induced nephropathy and MAGI2 podKO mice. Dendrin deficiency also prolonged the lifespan of MAGI2 podKO mice. Nuclear dendrin promoted c-Jun N -terminal kinase phosphorylation that subsequently altered focal adhesion, reducing cell attachment and enhancing apoptosis in cultured podocytes. Classical bipartite nuclear localization signal sequence and importin- α mediate nuclear translocation of dendrin. The inhibition of importin- α / β reduced dendrin nuclear translocation and apoptosis in vitro as well as albuminuria, podocyte loss, and glomerulosclerosis in ADR-induced nephropathy and MAGI2 podKO mice. Importin- α 3 colocalized with nuclear dendrin in the glomeruli of FSGS and IgA nephropathy patients. CONCLUSIONS Nuclear translocation of dendrin promotes cell detachment-induced apoptosis in podocytes. Therefore, inhibiting importin- α -mediated dendrin nuclear translocation is a potential strategy to prevent podocyte loss and glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulana A. Empitu
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mitsuhiro Kikyo
- Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharmaceutical Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
- Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naritoshi Shirata
- Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharmaceutical Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
- Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Makino
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ika N. Kadariswantiningsih
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Masashi Aizawa
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- Karolinska Institute/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Huddinge, Sweden
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine and Department of Obesity and Internal Inflammation, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Asanuma
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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2
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Levin A, Schwarz A, Hulkko J, He L, Sun Y, Barany P, Bruchfeld A, Herthelius M, Wennberg L, Ebefors K, Patrakka J, Betsholtz C, Nyström J, Mölne J, Hultenby K, Witasp A, Wernerson A. The role of dendrin in IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 38:311-321. [PMID: 35767852 PMCID: PMC9923709 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and its systemic variant IgA vasculitis (IgAV) damage the glomeruli, resulting in proteinuria, hematuria and kidney impairment. Dendrin is a podocyte-specific protein suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of IgAN. Upon cell injury, dendrin translocates from the slit diaphragm to the nucleus, where it is suggested to induce apoptosis and cytoskeletal changes, resulting in proteinuria and accelerated disease progression in mice. Here we investigated gene and protein expression of dendrin in relation to clinical and histopathological findings to further elucidate its role in IgAN/IgAV. METHODS Glomerular gene expression was measured using microarray on 30 IgAN/IgAV patients, 5 patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) and 20 deceased kidney donors. Dendrin was spatially evaluated on kidney tissue sections by immunofluorescence (IF) staining (IgAN patients, n = 4; nephrectomized kidneys, n = 3) and semi-quantified by immunogold electron microscopy (IgAN/IgAV patients, n = 21; MN, n = 5; living kidney donors, n = 6). Histopathological grading was performed according to the Oxford and Banff classifications. Clinical data were collected at the time of biopsy and follow-up. RESULTS Dendrin mRNA levels were higher (P = .01) in IgAN patients compared with MN patients and controls and most prominently in patients with preserved kidney function and fewer chronic histopathological changes. Whereas IF staining did not differ between groups, immunoelectron microscopy revealed that a higher relative nuclear dendrin concentration in IgAN patients was associated with a slower annual progression rate and milder histopathological changes. CONCLUSION Dendrin messenger RNA levels and relative nuclear protein concentrations are increased and associated with a more benign phenotype and progression in IgAN/IgAV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina Schwarz
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Divison of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Barany
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Divison of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annette Bruchfeld
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Divison of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköpings Universitet Hälsouniversitetet, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Maria Herthelius
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wennberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Ebefors
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Mölne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Basgen JM, Wong JS, Ray J, Nicholas SB, Campbell KN. Podocyte Foot Process Effacement Precedes Albuminuria and Glomerular Hypertrophy in CD2-Associated Protein Deficient Mice. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:745319. [PMID: 34568396 PMCID: PMC8460869 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.745319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Podocyte foot process effacement is a key histologic finding in proteinuric kidney disease. We previously showed that 3-week old CD2AP-deficient mice have significant proteinuria, glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial expansion. The goal of this study is to use morphometry to establish the temporal sequence of podocyte foot process effacement, glomerular volume expansion and albuminuria in Cd2ap−/− mice by measuring these parameters at the 2-week time point. Methods: Wild-type mice age 14 ± 1 days with the Cd2ap gene (WT, N = 5) and mice deficient for Cd2ap (Cd2ap KO, N = 5) were generated. Kidneys were harvested and fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and processed for examination by light and electron microscopy. An average of 415.2 (range 268–716) grid points were counted for all the glomeruli, and quantification of glomerular volume from each kidney. Urine was collected the day prior to sacrifice for urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) measurements. Results: There was no difference in albuminuria [median (range) mg/g] between WT [212.2 (177.6–388.4) mg/g] vs. Cd2ap KO mice [203.3 (164.7–910.2) mg/g], P = 0.89; or glomerular volume 68,307[10,931] vs. 66,844[13,022] μm3, p = 0.92. The volume densities of glomerular components of the podocyte, capillary lumen and mesangium were not different for the two groups, P = 0.14, 0.14 and 0.17 respectively. However, foot process width was increased in Cd2ap KO 1128[286] vs. WT [374 ± 42] nm, P = 0.02. Conclusion: Here we show that while 2-week old WT and Cd2ap KO mice have similar levels of albuminuria, glomerular and mesangial volume, Cd2ap KO mice have more extensive podocyte foot process effacement. The data suggests that podocyte injury is the initiating event leading to mesangial expansion and albuminuria in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Basgen
- Department of Research, Stereology and Morphometry Laboratory, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jenny S Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Justina Ray
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Susanne B Nicholas
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kirk N Campbell
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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4
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Yamada H, Shirata N, Makino S, Miyake T, Trejo JAO, Yamamoto-Nonaka K, Kikyo M, Empitu MA, Kadariswantiningsih IN, Kimura M, Ichimura K, Yokoi H, Mukoyama M, Hotta A, Nishimori K, Yanagita M, Asanuma K. MAGI-2 orchestrates the localization of backbone proteins in the slit diaphragm of podocytes. Kidney Int 2020; 99:382-395. [PMID: 33144214 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are highly specialized cells within the glomerulus that are essential for ultrafiltration. The slit diaphragm between the foot processes of podocytes functions as a final filtration barrier to prevent serum protein leakage into urine. The slit-diaphragm consists mainly of Nephrin and Neph1, and localization of these backbone proteins is essential to maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. However, the mechanisms that regulate the localization of these backbone proteins have remained elusive. Here, we focused on the role of membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 2 (MAGI-2) in order to investigate mechanisms that orchestrate localization of slit-diaphragm backbone proteins. MAGI-2 downregulation coincided with a reduced expression of slit-diaphragm backbone proteins in human kidneys glomerular disease such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or IgA nephropathy. Podocyte-specific deficiency of MAGI-2 in mice abrogated localization of Nephrin and Neph1 independently of other scaffold proteins. Although a deficiency of zonula occuldens-1 downregulated the endogenous Neph1 expression, MAGI-2 recovered Neph1 expression at the cellular edge in cultured podocytes. Additionally, overexpression of MAGI-2 preserved Nephrin localization to intercellular junctions. Co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays also revealed the importance of the PDZ domains of MAGI-2 for the interaction between MAGI-2 and slit diaphragm backbone proteins in podocytes. Thus, localization and stabilization of Nephrin and Neph1 in intercellular junctions is regulated mainly via the PDZ domains of MAGI-2 together with other slit-diaphragm scaffold proteins. Hence, these findings may elucidate a mechanism by which the backbone proteins are maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naritoshi Shirata
- Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharmaceutical Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Makino
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Miyake
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kanae Yamamoto-Nonaka
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kikyo
- Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharmaceutical Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | - Maulana A Empitu
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Maiko Kimura
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ichimura
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Yokoi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Mukoyama
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Department of Reprogramming Science, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Department of Obesity and Inflammation Research, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Asanuma
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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5
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Usui T, Morito N, Shawki HH, Sato Y, Tsukaguchi H, Hamada M, Jeon H, Yadav MK, Kuno A, Tsunakawa Y, Okada R, Ojima T, Kanai M, Asano K, Imamura Y, Koshida R, Yoh K, Usui J, Yokoi H, Kasahara M, Yoshimura A, Muratani M, Kudo T, Oishi H, Yamagata K, Takahashi S. Transcription factor MafB in podocytes protects against the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Int 2020; 98:391-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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6
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Ji Z, Li H, Yang Z, Huang X, Ke X, Ma S, Lin Z, Lu Y, Zhang M. Kibra Modulates Learning and Memory via Binding to Dendrin. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2064-2077.e7. [PMID: 30784589 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kibra is a synaptic scaffold protein regulating learning and memory. Alterations of Kibra-encoding gene WWC1 cause various neuronal disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Tourette syndrome. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Kibra's function in neurons is poorly understood. Here we discover that Kibra, via its N-terminal WW12 tandem domains, binds to a postsynaptic density enriched protein, Dendrin, with a nanomolar dissociation constant. On the basis of the structure of Kibra WW12 in complex with Dendrin PY motifs, we developed a potent peptide inhibitor capable of specifically blocking the binding between Kibra and Dendrin in neurons. Systematic administration of the inhibitory peptide attenuated excitatory synaptic transmission, completely blocked long-term potentiation induction, and impaired spatial learning and memory. A Kibra mutation found in Tourette syndrome patients causes defects in binding to Dendrin. Thus, Kibra can modulate spatial learning and memory via binding to Dendrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyang Ji
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sehui Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhijie Lin
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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7
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Christov M, Clark AR, Corbin B, Hakroush S, Rhee EP, Saito H, Brooks D, Hesse E, Bouxsein M, Galjart N, Jung JY, Mundel P, Jüppner H, Weins A, Greka A. Inducible podocyte-specific deletion of CTCF drives progressive kidney disease and bone abnormalities. JCI Insight 2018; 3:95091. [PMID: 29467330 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) are on the rise worldwide. However, the sequence of events resulting in CKD progression remain poorly understood. Animal models of CKD exploring these issues are confounded by systemic toxicities or surgical interventions to acutely induce kidney injury. Here we report the generation of a CKD mouse model through the inducible podocyte-specific ablation of an essential endogenous molecule, the chromatin structure regulator CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), which leads to rapid podocyte loss (iCTCFpod-/-). As a consequence, iCTCFpod-/- mice develop severe progressive albuminuria, hyperlipidemia, hypoalbuminemia, and impairment of renal function, and die within 8-10 weeks. CKD progression in iCTCFpod-/- mice leads to high serum phosphate and elevations in fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and parathyroid hormone that rapidly cause bone mineralization defects, increased bone resorption, and bone loss. Dissection of the timeline leading to glomerular pathology in this CKD model led to the surprising observation that podocyte ablation and the resulting glomerular filter destruction is sufficient to drive progressive CKD and osteodystrophy in the absence of interstitial fibrosis. This work introduces an animal model with significant advantages for the study of CKD progression, and it highlights the need for podocyte-protective strategies for future kidney therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Christov
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Abbe R Clark
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Braden Corbin
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samy Hakroush
- Department of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eugene P Rhee
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Heisenberg-Group for Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Trauma, Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dan Brooks
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Hesse
- Heisenberg-Group for Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Trauma, Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mary Bouxsein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Niels Galjart
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ji Yong Jung
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Pediatric Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Astrid Weins
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Greka
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Zhou Y, Castonguay P, Sidhom EH, Clark AR, Dvela-Levitt M, Kim S, Sieber J, Wieder N, Jung JY, Andreeva S, Reichardt J, Dubois F, Hoffmann SC, Basgen JM, MontesinoS MS, Weins A, Johnson AC, Lander ES, Garrett MR, Hopkins CR, Greka A. A small-molecule inhibitor of TRPC5 ion channels suppresses progressive kidney disease in animal models. Science 2017; 358:1332-1336. [PMID: 29217578 PMCID: PMC6014699 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Progressive kidney diseases are often associated with scarring of the kidney's filtration unit, a condition called focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). This scarring is due to loss of podocytes, cells critical for glomerular filtration, and leads to proteinuria and kidney failure. Inherited forms of FSGS are caused by Rac1-activating mutations, and Rac1 induces TRPC5 ion channel activity and cytoskeletal remodeling in podocytes. Whether TRPC5 activity mediates FSGS onset and progression is unknown. We identified a small molecule, AC1903, that specifically blocks TRPC5 channel activity in glomeruli of proteinuric rats. Chronic administration of AC1903 suppressed severe proteinuria and prevented podocyte loss in a transgenic rat model of FSGS. AC1903 also provided therapeutic benefit in a rat model of hypertensive proteinuric kidney disease. These data indicate that TRPC5 activity drives disease and that TRPC5 inhibitors may be valuable for the treatment of progressive kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Philip Castonguay
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eriene-Heidi Sidhom
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Abbe R. Clark
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Moran Dvela-Levitt
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sookyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jonas Sieber
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicolas Wieder
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ji Yong Jung
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Svetlana Andreeva
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jana Reichardt
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank Dubois
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sigrid C. Hoffmann
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John M. Basgen
- Life Sciences Institute, Charles R. Drew University of Science and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Mónica S. MontesinoS
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Astrid Weins
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ashley C. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Eric S. Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael R. Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Corey R. Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Anna Greka
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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9
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Oyama N, Fuchigami Y, Fumoto S, Sato M, Hagimori M, Shimizu K, Kawakami S. Characterization of transgene expression and pDNA distribution of the suctioned kidney in mice. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:906-917. [PMID: 28585867 PMCID: PMC8241128 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1333171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously developed an efficient and safe transfection method for the kidney in mice: renal suction-mediated transfection. In this study, we verified the detailed characteristics of transgene expression and plasmid DNA (pDNA) in mice to develop therapeutic strategies and application to gene function analysis in the kidney. After naked pDNA was administered intravenously, the right kidney was immediately suctioned by a tissue suction device. We examined the spatial distribution of transgene expression and pDNA in the suctioned kidney using tissue clearing by CUBIC, ClearT2, and Scale SQ reagents. Spatial distribution analysis showed that pDNA was transfected into extravascular cells and sufficiently delivered to the deep renal cortex. In addition, we revealed that transgene expression occurred mainly in peritubular fibroblasts of the suctioned kidney by tissue clearing and immunohistochemistry. Next, we confirmed the periods of pDNA uptake and activation of transcription factors nuclear factor-κB and activator protein 1 by luciferase assays. Moreover, the use of a pCpG-free plasmid enabled sustained transgene expression in the suctioned kidney. In conclusion, analyses of the spatial distribution and immunostaining of the section suggest that pDNA and transgene expression occurs mainly in peritubular fibroblasts of the suctioned kidney. In addition, we clarified some factors for efficient and/or sustained transgene expression in the suctioned kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Oyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Fuchigami
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shintaro Fumoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Megumu Sato
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masayori Hagimori
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kawakami
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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10
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Meliambro K, Wong JS, Ray J, Calizo RC, Towne S, Cole B, El Salem F, Gordon RE, Kaufman L, He JC, Azeloglu EU, Campbell KN. The Hippo pathway regulator KIBRA promotes podocyte injury by inhibiting YAP signaling and disrupting actin cytoskeletal dynamics. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21137-21148. [PMID: 28982981 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.819029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney podocytes represent a key constituent of the glomerular filtration barrier. Identifying the molecular mechanisms of podocyte injury and survival is important for better understanding and management of kidney diseases. KIBRA (kidney brain protein), an upstream regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway encoded by the Wwc1 gene, shares the pro-injury properties of its putative binding partner dendrin and antagonizes the pro-survival signaling of the downstream Hippo pathway effector YAP (Yes-associated protein) in Drosophila and MCF10A cells. We recently identified YAP as an essential component of the glomerular filtration barrier that promotes podocyte survival by inhibiting dendrin pro-apoptotic function. Despite these recent advances, the signaling pathways that mediate podocyte injury remain poorly understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that, similar to its role in other model systems, KIBRA promotes podocyte injury. We found increased expression of KIBRA and phosphorylated YAP protein in glomeruli of patients with biopsy-proven focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). KIBRA/WWc1 overexpression in murine podocytes promoted LATS kinase phosphorylation, leading to subsequent YAP Ser-127 phosphorylation, YAP cytoplasmic sequestration, and reduction in YAP target gene expression. Functionally, KIBRA overexpression induced significant morphological changes in podocytes, including disruption of the actin cytoskeletal architecture and reduction of focal adhesion size and number, all of which were rescued by subsequent YAP overexpression. Conversely, constitutive KIBRA knockout mice displayed reduced phosphorylated YAP and increased YAP expression at baseline. These mice were protected from acute podocyte foot process effacement following protamine sulfate perfusion. KIBRA knockdown podocytes were also protected against protamine-induced injury. These findings suggest an important role for KIBRA in the pathogenesis of podocyte injury and the progression of proteinuric kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sara Towne
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, and
| | | | - Fadi El Salem
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Ronald E Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | | | - John C He
- From the Division of Nephrology.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, and
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11
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Shirata N, Ihara KI, Yamamoto-Nonaka K, Seki T, Makino SI, Oliva Trejo JA, Miyake T, Yamada H, Campbell KN, Nakagawa T, Mori K, Yanagita M, Mundel P, Nishimori K, Asanuma K. Glomerulosclerosis Induced by Deficiency of Membrane-Associated Guanylate Kinase Inverted 2 in Kidney Podocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2654-2669. [PMID: 28539383 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016121356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 2 (MAGI-2) is a component of the slit diaphragm (SD) of glomerular podocytes. Here, we investigated the podocyte-specific function of MAGI-2 using newly generated podocyte-specific MAGI-2-knockout (MAGI-2-KO) mice. Compared with podocytes from wild-type mice, podocytes from MAGI-2-KO mice exhibited SD disruption, morphologic abnormalities of foot processes, and podocyte apoptosis leading to podocyte loss. These pathologic changes manifested as massive albuminuria by 8 weeks of age and glomerulosclerosis and significantly higher plasma creatinine levels at 12 weeks of age; all MAGI-2-KO mice died by 20 weeks of age. Loss of MAGI-2 in podocytes associated with decreased expression and nuclear translocation of dendrin, which is also a component of the SD complex. Dendrin translocates from the SD to the nucleus of injured podocytes, promoting apoptosis. Our coimmunoprecipitation and in vitro reconstitution studies showed that dendrin is phosphorylated by Fyn and dephosphorylated by PTP1B, and that Fyn-induced phosphorylation prevents Nedd4-2-mediated ubiquitination of dendrin. Under physiologic conditions in vivo, phosphorylated dendrin localized at the SDs; in the absence of MAGI-2, dephosphorylated dendrin accumulated in the nucleus. Furthermore, induction of experimental GN in rats led to the downregulation of MAGI-2 expression and the nuclear accumulation of dendrin in podocytes. In summary, MAGI-2 and Fyn protect dendrin from Nedd4-2-mediated ubiquitination and from nuclear translocation, thereby maintaining the physiologic homeostasis of podocytes, and the lack of MAGI-2 in podocytes results in FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naritoshi Shirata
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharmaceutical Corporation, Toda, Japan
| | - Kan-Ichiro Ihara
- The Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kanae Yamamoto-Nonaka
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuto Seki
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Makino
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Juan Alejandro Oliva Trejo
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Miyake
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kirk Nicholas Campbell
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Mori
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Peter Mundel
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- The Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Asanuma
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; .,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Huang Z, Zhang L, Chen Y, Zhang H, Yu C, Zhou F, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Li R, Ma J, Li Z, Lai Y, Lin T, Zhao X, Zhang Q, Zhang B, Ye Z, Liu S, Wang W, Liang X, Liao R, Shi W. RhoA deficiency disrupts podocyte cytoskeleton and induces podocyte apoptosis by inhibiting YAP/dendrin signal. BMC Nephrol 2016; 17:66. [PMID: 27389190 PMCID: PMC4936208 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-016-0287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Podocyte apoptosis is a major mechanism that leads to proteinuria in many kidney diseases. However, the concert mechanisms that cause podocyte apoptosis in these kidney diseases are not fully understood. RhoA is one of Rho GTPases that has been well studied and plays a key role in regulating cytoskeletal architecture. Previous study showed that insufficient RhoA could result in rat aortic smooth muscle cell apoptosis. However, whether RhoA is involved in podocyte apoptosis remains unknown. Methods Culture podocytes were treated with LPS, ADR or siRNA for 48 h before harvest. Subcellular immunoblotting, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to exam the expression and function of RhoA or YAP in podocytes. Results We found that the expression of RhoA and its activity were significantly decreased in LPS or ADR-injured podocytes, accompanying loss of stress fibers and increased cell apoptosis. Knocking down RhoA or its downstream effector mDia expression by siRNA also caused loss of stress fibers and podocyte apoptosis. Moreover, our results further demonstrated that RhoA deficiency could reduce the mRNA and protein expression of YAP, which had been regarded as an anti-apoptosis protein in podocyte. Silenced dendrin expression significantly abolished RhoA, mDia or YAP deficiency-induced podocyte apoptosis. Conclusion RhoA deficiency could disrupt podocyte cytoskeleton and induce podocyte apoptosis by inhibiting YAP/dendrin signal. RhoA/mDia/YAP/dendrin signal pathway may potentially play an important role in regulating podocyte apoptosis. Maintaining necessary RhoA would be one potent way to prevent proteinuria kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongshun Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuanhan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chunping Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fangjian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Zhiling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianchao Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuxiong Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinchen Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qianmei Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhiming Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuangxin Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ruyi Liao
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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13
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Raij L, Tian R, Wong JS, He JC, Campbell KN. Podocyte injury: the role of proteinuria, urinary plasminogen, and oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F1308-F1317. [PMID: 27335373 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00162.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are the key target for injury in proteinuric glomerular diseases that result in podocyte loss, progressive focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS), and renal failure. Current evidence suggests that the initiation of podocyte injury and associated proteinuria can be separated from factors that drive and maintain these pathogenic processes leading to FSGS. In nephrotic urine aberrant glomerular filtration of plasminogen (Plg) is activated to the biologically active serine protease plasmin by urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). In vivo inhibition of uPA mitigates Plg activation and development of FSGS in several proteinuric models of renal disease including 5/6 nephrectomy. Here, we show that Plg is markedly increased in the urine in two murine models of proteinuric kidney disease associated with podocyte injury: Tg26 HIV-associated nephropathy and the Cd2ap-/- model of FSGS. We show that human podocytes express uPA and three Plg receptors: uPAR, tPA, and Plg-RKT. We demonstrate that Plg treatment of podocytes specifically upregulates NADPH oxidase isoforms NOX2/NOX4 and increases production of mitochondrial-dependent superoxide anion (O2-) that promotes endothelin-1 synthesis. Plg via O2- also promotes expression of the B scavenger receptor CD36 and subsequent increased intracellular cholesterol uptake resulting in podocyte apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that following disruption of the glomerular filtration barrier at the onset of proteinuric disease, podocytes are exposed to Plg resulting in further injury mediated by oxidative stress. We suggest that chronic exposure to Plg could serve as a "second hit" in glomerular disease and that Plg is potentially an attractive target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo Raij
- Renal and Hypertension Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; .,Nephrology and Hypertension Section Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center (111C1), Miami, Florida; and
| | - Runxia Tian
- Nephrology and Hypertension Section Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center (111C1), Miami, Florida; and
| | - Jenny S Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - John C He
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kirk N Campbell
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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14
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Sever S, Reiser J. CD2AP, dendrin, and cathepsin L in the kidney. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 185:3129-30. [PMID: 26506476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Sever
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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15
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Puelles VG, van der Wolde JW, Schulze KE, Short KM, Wong MN, Bensley JG, Cullen-McEwen LA, Caruana G, Hokke SN, Li J, Firth SD, Harper IS, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Bertram JF. Validation of a Three-Dimensional Method for Counting and Sizing Podocytes in Whole Glomeruli. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3093-3104. [PMID: 26975438 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015121340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte depletion is sufficient for the development of numerous glomerular diseases and can be absolute (loss of podocytes) or relative (reduced number of podocytes per volume of glomerulus). Commonly used methods to quantify podocyte depletion introduce bias, whereas gold standard stereologic methodologies are time consuming and impractical. We developed a novel approach for assessing podocyte depletion in whole glomeruli that combines immunofluorescence, optical clearing, confocal microscopy, and three-dimensional analysis. We validated this method in a transgenic mouse model of selective podocyte depletion, in which we determined dose-dependent alterations in several quantitative indices of podocyte depletion. This new approach provides a quantitative tool for the comprehensive and time-efficient analysis of podocyte depletion in whole glomeruli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor G Puelles
- Departments of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and
| | - James W van der Wolde
- Departments of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and
| | - Keith E Schulze
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; and
| | - Kieran M Short
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Milagros N Wong
- Departments of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and
| | - Jonathan G Bensley
- Departments of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and
| | - Luise A Cullen-McEwen
- Departments of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and
| | - Georgina Caruana
- Departments of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and
| | - Stacey N Hokke
- Departments of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and
| | - Jinhua Li
- Departments of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and
| | - Stephen D Firth
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; and
| | - Ian S Harper
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; and
| | | | - John F Bertram
- Departments of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and
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16
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Abstract
Podocytes are highly specialized cells of the kidney glomerulus that wrap around capillaries and that neighbor cells of the Bowman’s capsule. When it comes to glomerular filtration, podocytes play an active role in preventing plasma proteins from entering the urinary ultrafiltrate by providing a barrier comprising filtration slits between foot processes, which in aggregate represent a dynamic network of cellular extensions. Foot processes interdigitate with foot processes from adjacent podocytes and form a network of narrow and rather uniform gaps. The fenestrated endothelial cells retain blood cells but permit passage of small solutes and an overlying basement membrane less permeable to macromolecules, in particular to albumin. The cytoskeletal dynamics and structural plasticity of podocytes as well as the signaling between each of these distinct layers are essential for an efficient glomerular filtration and thus for proper renal function. The genetic or acquired impairment of podocytes may lead to foot process effacement (podocyte fusion or retraction), a morphological hallmark of proteinuric renal diseases. Here, we briefly discuss aspects of a contemporary view of podocytes in glomerular filtration, the patterns of structural changes in podocytes associated with common glomerular diseases, and the current state of basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mehmet M Altintas
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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17
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Becherucci F, Lazzeri E, Romagnani P. A Road to Chronic Kidney Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:2072-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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