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Singh A, Magee R, Balasubramanian S. An In Vitro Study to Investigate Biomechanical Responses of Peripheral Nerves in Hypoxic Neonatal Piglets. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:114501. [PMID: 34041534 PMCID: PMC8299807 DOI: 10.1115/1.4051283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite occurrence of neonatal hypoxia and peripheral nerve injuries in complicated birthing scenarios, the effect of hypoxia on the biomechanical responses of neonatal peripheral nerves is not studied. In this study, neonatal brachial plexus (BP) and tibial nerves, obtained from eight normal and eight hypoxic 3-5-day-old piglets, were tested in uniaxial tension until failure at a rate of 0.01 mm/s or 10 mm/s. Failure load, stress, and modulus of elasticity were reported to be significantly lower in hypoxic neonatal BP and tibial nerves than respective normal tissue at both 0.01 and 10 mm/s rates. Failure strain was significantly lower in the hypoxic neonatal BP nerves only at 10 mm/s rate when compared to normal BP nerve. This is the first available data that indicate weaker mechanical behavior of hypoxic neonatal peripheral nerves as compared to normal tissue and offer an understanding of the biomechanical responses of peripheral nerves of hypoxic neonatal piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Singh
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013
| | - Rachel Magee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sriram Balasubramanian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Allan KC, Hu LR, Scavuzzo MA, Morton AR, Gevorgyan AS, Cohn EF, Clayton BL, Bederman IR, Hung S, Bartels CF, Madhavan M, Tesar PJ. Non-canonical Targets of HIF1a Impair Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Function. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:257-272.e11. [PMID: 33091368 PMCID: PMC7867598 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells respond to insufficient oxygen through transcriptional regulators called hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Although transiently protective, prolonged HIF activity drives distinct pathological responses in different tissues. Using a model of chronic HIF1a accumulation in pluripotent-stem-cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPCs), we demonstrate that HIF1a activates non-canonical targets to impair generation of oligodendrocytes from OPCs. HIF1a activated a unique set of genes in OPCs through interaction with the OPC-specific transcription factor OLIG2. Non-canonical targets, including Ascl2 and Dlx3, were sufficient to block differentiation through suppression of the oligodendrocyte regulator Sox10. Chemical screening revealed that inhibition of MEK/ERK signaling overcame the HIF1a-mediated block in oligodendrocyte generation by restoring Sox10 expression without affecting canonical HIF1a activity. MEK/ERK inhibition also drove oligodendrocyte formation in hypoxic regions of human oligocortical spheroids. This work defines mechanisms by which HIF1a impairs oligodendrocyte formation and establishes that cell-type-specific HIF1a targets perturb cell function in response to low oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. Allan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Lucille R. Hu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Marissa A. Scavuzzo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Andrew R. Morton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Artur S. Gevorgyan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Erin F. Cohn
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Benjamin L.L. Clayton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Ilya R. Bederman
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Stevephen Hung
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Cynthia F. Bartels
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Mayur Madhavan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Paul J. Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,Lead Contact,Correspondence:
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Lucido CT, Wynja E, Madeo M, Williamson CS, Schwartz LE, Imblum BA, Drapkin R, Vermeer PD. Innervation of cervical carcinoma is mediated by cancer-derived exosomes. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 154:228-235. [PMID: 31003747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, our laboratory identified sensory innervation within head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) and subsequently defined a mechanism whereby HNSCCs promote their own innervation via the release of exosomes that stimulate neurite outgrowth. Interestingly, we noted that exosomes from human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cell lines were more effective at promoting neurite outgrowth than those from HPV-negative cell lines. As nearly all cervical tumors are HPV-positive, we hypothesized that these findings would extend to cervical cancer. METHODS We use an in vitro assay with PC12 cells to quantify the axonogenic potential of cervical cancer exosomes. PC12 cells are treated with cancer-derived exosomes, stained with the pan-neuronal marker (β-III tubulin) and the number of neurites quantified. To assess innervation in cervical cancer, we immunohistochemically stained cervical cancer patient samples for β-III tubulin and TRPV1 (sensory marker) and compared the staining to normal cervix. RESULTS Here, we show the presence of sensory nerves within human cervical tumors. Additionally, we show that exosomes derived from HPV-positive cervical cancer cell lines effectively stimulate neurite outgrowth. CONCLUSIONS These data identify sensory nerves as components of the cervical cancer microenvironment and suggest that tumor- derived exosomes promote their recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Lucido
- Sanford Research, Cancer Biology and Immunotherapy Group, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, 414 E. Clark St, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Emily Wynja
- Sanford Research, Cancer Biology and Immunotherapy Group, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, 414 E. Clark St, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Marianna Madeo
- Sanford Research, Cancer Biology and Immunotherapy Group, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Caitlin S Williamson
- Sanford Research, Cancer Biology and Immunotherapy Group, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Lauren E Schwartz
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brittney A Imblum
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paola D Vermeer
- Sanford Research, Cancer Biology and Immunotherapy Group, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.
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Janowska J, Sypecka J. Therapeutic Strategies for Leukodystrophic Disorders Resulting from Perinatal Asphyxia: Focus on Myelinating Oligodendrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:4388-4402. [PMID: 28660484 PMCID: PMC5884907 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia results from the action of different risk factors like complications during pregnancy, preterm delivery, or long and difficult labor. Nowadays, it is still the leading cause of neonatal brain injury known as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and resulting neurological disorders. A temporal limitation of oxygen, glucose, and trophic factors supply results in alteration of neural cell differentiation and functioning and/or leads to their death. Among the affected cells are oligodendrocytes, responsible for myelinating the central nervous system (CNS) and formation of white matter. Therefore, one of the major consequences of the experienced HIE is leukodystrophic diseases resulting from oligodendrocyte deficiency or malfunctioning. The therapeutic strategies applied after perinatal asphyxia are aimed at reducing brain damage and promoting the endogenous neuroreparative mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the biology of oligodendrocytes and discuss present clinical treatments in the context of their efficiency in preserving white matter structure and preventing cognitive and behavioral deficits after perinatal asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Janowska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Sypecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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