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O'Brien RM, Meltzer S, Buckley CE, Heeran AB, Nugent TS, Donlon NE, Reynolds JV, Ree AH, Redalen KR, Hafeez A, O'Ríordáin DS, Hannon RA, Neary P, Kalbassi R, Mehigan BJ, McCormick PH, Dunne C, Kelly ME, Larkin JO, O'Sullivan J, Lysaght J, Lynam-Lennon N. Complement is increased in treatment resistant rectal cancer and modulates radioresistance. Cancer Lett 2024; 604:217253. [PMID: 39278399 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (neo-CRT) is a significant clinical problem in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. Identification of novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers predicting therapeutic response is required to improve patient outcomes. Increasing evidence supports a role for the complement system in resistance to anti-cancer therapy. In this study, increased expression of complement effectors C3 and C5 and increased production of anaphylatoxins, C3a and C5a, was observed in radioresistant rectal cancer cells. Modulation of the central complement effector, C3, was demonstrated to functionally alter the radioresponse, with C3 overexpression significantly enhancing radioresistance, whilst C3 inhibition significantly increased sensitivity to a clinically-relevant dose of radiation. Inhibition of C3 was demonstrated to increase DNA damage and alter cell cycle distribution, mediating a shift towards a radiosensitive cell cycle phenotype suggesting a role for C3 in reprogramming of the tumoural radioresponse. Expression of the complement effectors C3 and C5 was significantly increased in human rectal tumour tissue, as was expression of CFB, a component of the alternative pathway of activation. Elevated levels of C3a and C5b-9 in pre-treatment sera from rectal cancer patients was associated with subsequent poor responses to neo-CRT and poorer survival. Together these data demonstrate a role for complement in the radioresistance of rectal cancer and identify key complement components as potential biomarkers predicting response to neo-CRT and outcome in rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M O'Brien
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sebastian Meltzer
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Croí E Buckley
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Aisling B Heeran
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Timothy S Nugent
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Surgery, Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Noel E Donlon
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Surgery, Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Gastrointestinal Medicine and Surgery (GEMS) Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - John V Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Anne Hansen Ree
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kathrine Røe Redalen
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Adnan Hafeez
- Department of Surgery, Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | | | - Paul Neary
- Department of Surgery, Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Reza Kalbassi
- Department of Surgery, Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Brian J Mehigan
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Gastrointestinal Medicine and Surgery (GEMS) Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Paul H McCormick
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Gastrointestinal Medicine and Surgery (GEMS) Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Cara Dunne
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Gastrointestinal Medicine and Surgery (GEMS) Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Michael E Kelly
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Gastrointestinal Medicine and Surgery (GEMS) Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - John O Larkin
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Gastrointestinal Medicine and Surgery (GEMS) Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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2
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He C, Wang X, Jiang B, Zhu M, Zhang H, Duan Y, Li Y. Complement Factor B (CFB) inhibits the malignant progression of lung adenocarcinoma by downregulating the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 760:110130. [PMID: 39173700 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAC) as the most common lung cancer, and its incidence is increasing. Complement factor B (CFB) is an important factor in the alternative complement pathway. CFB has been reported to be involved in the progression of many cancers, including in pancreatic cancer, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but the function and molecular mechanism of CFB in LUAC remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the role of CFB in LUAC malignant progression. In our previous study, we found that CFB was downregulated expression in LUAC clinical samples. Here, we firstly detected the cell function in vitro. Cell proliferation and migration were increased, while cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were suppressed after CFB knockdown. Overexpression of CFB repressed the malignant progression of LUAC in vitro. Besides, in vivo experiments revealed that upregulation of CFB inhibited tumor growth and Ki67 expression. Additionally, our data indicated that CFB negatively regulated Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Furthermore, upregulation of CFB inhibited the progression of LUAC was reversed by Ras/MAPK pathway activators (ML-098 or C16-PAF). Our study uncovered that CFB acts as a tumor suppressor repressed tumorigenesis of LUAC through inhibiting the Ras/MAPK pathway, suggesting that CFB may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for LUAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChengLu He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yong Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China.
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3
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He Q, Wei Y, Qian Y, Zhong M. Pathophysiological dynamics in the contact, coagulation, and complement systems during sepsis: Potential targets for nafamostat mesilate. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2024; 4:453-467. [PMID: 39310056 PMCID: PMC11411436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. It is the primary cause of death in the intensive care unit, posing a substantial challenge to human health and medical resource allocation. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of sepsis are complex. During its onset, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms engage in intricate interactions, possibly leading to hyperinflammation, immunosuppression, and long-term immune disease. Of all critical outcomes, hyperinflammation is the main cause of early death among patients with sepsis. Therefore, early suppression of hyperinflammation may improve the prognosis of these patients. Nafamostat mesilate is a serine protease inhibitor, which can inhibit the activation of the complement system, coagulation system, and contact system. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological changes occurring in these systems during sepsis, and describe the possible targets of the serine protease inhibitor nafamostat mesilate in the treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolan He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Wei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqi Qian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Montano E, Bhatia N, Ostojić J. Biomarkers in Cutaneous Keratinocyte Carcinomas. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2024; 14:2039-2058. [PMID: 39030446 PMCID: PMC11333699 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-024-01233-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common cancer type in the USA, with over five million annually treated cases and one in five Americans predicted to develop the disease by the age of 70. Skin cancer can be classified as melanoma or non-melanoma (NMSC), the latter including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Development of BCC and SCC is impacted by environmental, behavioral, and genetic risk factors and the incidence is on the rise, with the associated number of deaths surpassing those caused by melanoma, according to recent reports. Substantial morbidity is related to both BCC and SCC, including disfigurement, loss of function, and chronic pain, driving high treatment costs, and representing a heavy financial burden to patients and healthcare systems worldwide. Clinical presentations of BCC and SCC can be diverse, sometimes carrying considerable phenotypic similarities to benign lesions, and underscoring the need for the development of disease-specific biomarkers. Skin biomarker profiling plays an important role in deeper disease understanding, as well as in guiding clinical diagnosis and patient management, prompting the use of both invasive and non-invasive tools to evaluate specific biomarkers. In this work, we review the known and emerging biomarkers of BCC and SCC, with a focus on molecular and histologic biomarkers relevant for aspects of patient management, including prevention/risk assessments, tumor diagnosis, and therapy selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Montano
- DermTech, Inc., 12340 El Camino Real, San Diego, CA, 92130, USA
| | - Neal Bhatia
- Therapeutics Clinical Research, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jelena Ostojić
- DermTech, Inc., 12340 El Camino Real, San Diego, CA, 92130, USA.
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5
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Kunes RZ, Walle T, Land M, Nawy T, Pe'er D. Supervised discovery of interpretable gene programs from single-cell data. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:1084-1095. [PMID: 37735262 PMCID: PMC10958532 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Factor analysis decomposes single-cell gene expression data into a minimal set of gene programs that correspond to processes executed by cells in a sample. However, matrix factorization methods are prone to technical artifacts and poor factor interpretability. We address these concerns with Spectra, an algorithm that combines user-provided gene programs with the detection of novel programs that together best explain expression covariation. Spectra incorporates existing gene sets and cell-type labels as prior biological information, explicitly models cell type and represents input gene sets as a gene-gene knowledge graph using a penalty function to guide factorization toward the input graph. We show that Spectra outperforms existing approaches in challenging tumor immune contexts, as it finds factors that change under immune checkpoint therapy, disentangles the highly correlated features of CD8+ T cell tumor reactivity and exhaustion, finds a program that explains continuous macrophage state changes under therapy and identifies cell-type-specific immune metabolic programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Z Kunes
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Walle
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Max Land
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tal Nawy
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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6
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Nissinen L, Riihilä P, Viiklepp K, Rajagopal V, Storek MJ, Kähäri VM. C1s targeting antibodies inhibit the growth of cutaneous squamous carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13465. [PMID: 38866870 PMCID: PMC11169539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common metastatic skin cancer. The incidence of cSCC is increasing globally and the prognosis of metastatic disease is poor. Currently there are no specific targeted therapies for advanced or metastatic cSCC. We have previously shown abundant expression of the complement classical pathway C1 complex components, serine proteases C1r and C1s in tumor cells in invasive cSCCs in vivo, whereas the expression of C1r and C1s was lower in cSCCs in situ, actinic keratoses and in normal skin. We have also shown that knockdown of C1s expression results in decreased viability and growth of cSCC cells by promoting apoptosis both in culture and in vivo. Here, we have studied the effect of specific IgG2a mouse monoclonal antibodies TNT003 and TNT005 targeting human C1s in five primary non-metastatic and three metastatic cSCC cell lines that show intracellular expression of C1s and secretion of C1s into the cell culture media. Treatment of cSCC cells with TNT003 and TNT005 significantly inhibited their growth and viability and promoted apoptosis of cSCC cells. These data indicate that TNT003 and TNT005 inhibit cSCC cell growth in culture and warrant further investigation of C1s targeted inhibition in additional in vitro and in vivo models of cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology and FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology and FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kristina Viiklepp
- Department of Dermatology and FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology and FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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Suriano CM, Kumar N, Verpeut JL, Ma J, Jung C, Dunn CE, Carvajal BV, Nguyen AV, Boulanger LM. An innate immune response to adeno-associated virus genomes decreases cortical dendritic complexity and disrupts synaptic transmission. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1721-1738. [PMID: 38566414 PMCID: PMC11184335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) allow rapid and efficient gene delivery to the nervous system, are widely used in neuroscience research, and are the basis of FDA-approved neuron-targeting gene therapies. Here we find that an innate immune response to the AAV genome reduces dendritic length and complexity and disrupts synaptic transmission in mouse somatosensory cortex. Dendritic loss is apparent 3 weeks after injection of experimentally relevant viral titers, is not restricted to a particular capsid serotype, transgene, promoter, or production facility, and cannot be explained by responses to surgery or transgene expression. AAV-associated dendritic loss is accompanied by a decrease in the frequency and amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents and an increase in the proportion of GluA2-lacking, calcium-permeable AMPA receptors. The AAV genome is rich in unmethylated CpG DNA, which is recognized by the innate immunoreceptor Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), and acutely blocking TLR9 preserves dendritic complexity and AMPA receptor subunit composition in AAV-injected mice. These results reveal unexpected impacts of an immune response to the AAV genome on neuronal structure and function and identify approaches to improve the safety and efficacy of AAV-mediated gene delivery in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos M Suriano
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Biology, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Avenue, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; Sokol Institute for Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Avenue, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA.
| | - Neerav Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Jessica L Verpeut
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Jie Ma
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Caroline Jung
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Connor E Dunn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Brigett V Carvajal
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Ai Vy Nguyen
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Lisa M Boulanger
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
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Li C, Sun C, Mahapatra KD, Riihilä P, Knuutila J, Nissinen L, Lapins J, Kähäri VM, Homey B, Sonkoly E, Pivarcsi A. Long noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 is overexpressed in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and exon 2 is critical for its oncogenicity. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:415-426. [PMID: 37930852 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common and fastest increasing forms of cancer worldwide with metastatic potential. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of RNA molecules with essential regulatory functions in both physiological and pathological processes. OBJECTIVES To investigate the function and mode of action of lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in cSCC. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and single-molecule in situ hybridization were used to quantify the expression level of PVT1 in normal skin, premalignant skin lesions, actinic keratosis (AK) and primary and metastatic cSCCs. The function of PVT1 in cSCC was investigated both in vivo (tumour xenografts) and in vitro (competitive cell growth assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assay, colony formation assay and tumour spheroid formation assay) upon CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of the entire PVT1 locus, the knockout of exon 2 of PVT1, and locked nucleic acid (LNA) gapmer-mediated PVT1 knockdown. RNA sequencing analysis was conducted to identify genes and processes regulated by PVT1. RESULTS We identified PVT1 as a lncRNA upregulated in cSCC in situ and cSCC, associated with the malignant phenotype of cSCC. We showed that the expression of PVT1 in cSCC was regulated by MYC. Both CRISPR-Cas9 deletion of the entire PVT1 locus and LNA gapmer-mediated knockdown of PVT1 transcript impaired the malignant behaviour of cSCC cells, suggesting that PVT1 is an oncogenic transcript in cSCC. Furthermore, knockout of PVT1 exon 2 inhibited cSCC tumour growth both in vivo and in vitro, demonstrating that exon 2 is a critical element for the oncogenic role of PVT1. Mechanistically, we showed that PVT1 was localized in the cell nucleus and its deletion resulted in cellular senescence, increased cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21/CDKN1A) expression and cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a previously unrecognized role for exon 2 of PVT1 in its oncogenic role and that PVT1 suppresses cellular senescence in cSCC. PVT1 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
| | - Chengxi Sun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | | | - Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Knuutila
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jan Lapins
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Enikö Sonkoly
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andor Pivarcsi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Meri S, Magrini E, Mantovani A, Garlanda C. The Yin Yang of Complement and Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:1578-1588. [PMID: 37902610 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-related inflammation is a crucial component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Complement activation occurs in cancer and supports the development of an inflammatory microenvironment. Complement has traditionally been considered a mechanism of immune resistance against cancer, and its activation is known to contribute to the cytolytic effects of antibody-based immunotherapeutic treatments. However, several studies have recently revealed that complement activation may exert protumoral functions by sustaining cancer-related inflammation and immunosuppression through different molecular mechanisms, targeting both the TME and cancer cells. These new discoveries have revealed that complement manipulation can be considered a new strategy for cancer therapies. Here we summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms by which the different elements of the complement system exert antitumor or protumor functions, both in preclinical studies and in human tumorigenesis. Complement components can serve as disease biomarkers for cancer stratification and prognosis and be exploited for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Translational Immunology Research Program, University and University Hospital of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Alberto Mantovani
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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10
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Siljamäki E, Riihilä P, Suwal U, Nissinen L, Rappu P, Kallajoki M, Kähäri VM, Heino J. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling, invasion, and growth of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by PLX8394. Oncogene 2023; 42:3633-3647. [PMID: 37864034 PMCID: PMC10691969 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02863-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common metastatic skin cancer. The prognosis of patients with metastatic cSCC is poor emphasizing the need for new therapies. We have previously reported that the activation of Ras/MEK/ERK1/2 and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad2 signaling in transformed keratinocytes and cSCC cells leads to increased accumulation of laminin-332 and accelerated invasion. Here, we show that the next-generation B-Raf inhibitor PLX8394 blocks TGF-β signaling in ras-transformed metastatic epidermal keratinocytes (RT3 cells) harboring wild-type B-Raf and hyperactive Ras. PLX8394 decreased phosphorylation of TGF-β receptor II and Smad2, as well as p38 activity, MMP-1 and MMP-13 synthesis, and laminin-332 accumulation. PLX8394 significantly inhibited the growth of human cSCC tumors and in vivo collagen degradation in xenograft model. In conclusion, our data indicate that PLX8394 inhibits several serine-threonine kinases in malignantly transformed human keratinocytes and cSCC cells and inhibits cSCC invasion and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. We identify PLX8394 as a potential therapeutic compound for advanced human cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Siljamäki
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Life Technologies and InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ujjwal Suwal
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Life Technologies and InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Rappu
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Life Technologies and InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Kallajoki
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jyrki Heino
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Life Technologies and InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
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11
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Azimi A, Jabbour S, Patrick E, Fernandez-Penas P. Non-invasive diagnosis of early cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1946-1959. [PMID: 37688398 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Early cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) can be challenging to diagnose using clinical criteria as it could present similar to actinic keratosis (AK) or Bowen's disease (BD), precursors of cSCC. Currently, histopathological assessment of an invasive biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis. A non-invasive diagnostic approach would reduce patient and health system burden. Therefore, this study used non-invasive sampling by tape-stripping coupled with data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) proteomics to profile the proteome of histopathologically diagnosed AK, BD and cSCC, as well as matched normal samples. Proteomic data were analysed to identify proteins and biological functions that are significantly different between lesions. Additionally, a support vector machine (SVM) machine learning algorithm was used to assess the usefulness of proteomic data for the early diagnosis of cSCC. A total of 696 proteins were identified across the samples studied. A machine learning model constructed using the proteomic data classified premalignant (AK + BD) and malignant (cSCC) lesions at 77.5% accuracy. Differential abundance analysis identified 144 and 21 protein groups that were significantly changed in the cSCC, and BD samples compared to the normal skin, respectively (adj. p < 0.05). Changes in pivotal carcinogenic pathways such as LXR/RXR activation, production of reactive oxygen species, and Hippo signalling were observed that may explain the progression of cSCC from premalignant lesions. In summary, this study demonstrates that DIA-MS analysis of tape-stripped samples can identify non-invasive protein biomarkers with the potential to be developed into a complementary diagnostic tool for early cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azimi
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steven Jabbour
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ellis Patrick
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Precision Data Science Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pablo Fernandez-Penas
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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12
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Lin YW, Kang WP, Hong CQ, Huang BL, Qiu ZH, Liu CT, Chu LY, Xu YW, Guo HP, Wu FC. Nutritional and immune-related indicators-based Nomogram for predicting overall survival of surgical oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8525. [PMID: 37237026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is one of the most aggressive oral tumors. The aim of this study was to establish a nomogram to predict overall survival (OS) of TSCC patients after surgery. 169 TSCC patients who underwent surgical treatments in the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College were included. A nomogram based on Cox regression analysis results was established and internally validated using bootstrap resampling method. pTNM stage, age and total protein, immunoglobulin G, factor B and red blood cell count were identified as independent prognostic factors to create the nomogram. The Akaike Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion of the nomogram were lower than those of pTNM stage, indicating a better goodness-of-fit of the nomogram for predicting OS. The bootstrap-corrected concordance index of nomogram was higher than that of pTNM stage (0.794 vs. 0.665, p = 0.0008). The nomogram also had a good calibration and improved overall net benefit. Based on the cutoff value obtained from the nomogram, the proposed high-risk group had poorer OS than low-risk group (p < 0.0001). The nomogram based on nutritional and immune-related indicators represents a promising tool for outcome prediction of surgical OTSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Wei-Piao Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Chao-Qun Hong
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Department of Oncological Laboratory Research, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Bin-Liang Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Zi-Han Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Can-Tong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Ling-Yu Chu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - Hai-Peng Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - Fang-Cai Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
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13
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Tsang DA, Tam SYC, Oh CC. Molecular Alterations in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Hosts-A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1832. [PMID: 36980718 PMCID: PMC10046480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) at the molecular level is lacking in the current literature due to the high mutational burden of this disease. Immunosuppressed patients afflicted with cSCC experience considerable morbidity and mortality. In this article, we review the molecular profile of cSCC among the immunosuppressed and immunocompetent populations at the genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteometabolomic levels, as well as describing key differences in the tumor immune microenvironment between these two populations. We feature novel biomarkers from the recent literature which may serve as potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Ann Tsang
- Department of Dermatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore;
| | - Steve Y. C. Tam
- Education Resource Centre, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Choon Chiat Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore;
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169608, Singapore
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14
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Husk-like Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Apoptosis through ROS Generation in Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells: Effect of Incubation Period on Sol-Gel Synthesis and Anti-Cancerous Properties. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020320. [PMID: 36830857 PMCID: PMC9953567 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study effectively reports the influence of experimental incubation period on the sol-gel production of husk-like zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) and their anti-cancerous abilities. The surface morphology of ZNPs was studied with the help of SEM. With the use of TEM, the diameter range of the ZNPs was estimated to be ~86 and ~231 nm for ZNPA and ZNPB, prepared by incubating zinc oxide for 2 and 10 weeks, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation showed that ZNPs had a pure wurtzite crystal structure. On prolonging the experimental incubation, a relative drop in aspect ratio was observed, displaying a distinct blue-shift in the UV-visible spectrum. Furthermore, RBC lysis assay results concluded that ZNPA and ZNPB both demonstrated innoxious nature. As indicated by MTT assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and chromatin condensation investigations against the human epidermoid carcinoma (HEC) A431 cells, ZNPB demonstrated viable relevance to chemotherapy. Compared to ZNPB, ZNPA had a slightly lower IC50 against A431 cells due to its small size. This study conclusively describes a simple, affordable method to produce ZNP nano-formulations that display significant cytotoxicity against the skin cancer cell line A431, suggesting that ZNPs may be useful in the treatment of cancer.
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15
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Xiao Z, Yeung CLS, Yam JWP, Mao X. An update on the role of complement in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007382. [PMID: 36341431 PMCID: PMC9629811 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a main producer of complement, the environment in the liver is greatly affected by the complement system. Although the complement system is considered to have the ability of nonself discrimination, remarkable studies have revealed the tight association between improper complement activation in tumour initiation and progression. As complement activation predominantly occurs within the liver, the protumourigenic role of the complement system may contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Improvement in the understanding of the molecular targets involved in complement-mediated tumour development, metastasis, and tumour-promoting inflammation in HCC would certainly aid in the development of better treatments. This minireview is focused on recent findings of the protumourigenic role of the complement system in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xiao
- Scientific Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Charlie Lot Sum Yeung
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaowen Mao
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaowen Mao,
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16
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Naryzhny S, Ronzhina N, Zorina E, Kabachenko F, Klopov N, Zgoda V. Construction of 2DE Patterns of Plasma Proteins: Aspect of Potential Tumor Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911113. [PMID: 36232415 PMCID: PMC9569744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of tumor markers aids in the early detection of cancer recurrence and prognosis. There is a hope that they might also be useful in screening tests for the early detection of cancer. Here, the question of finding ideal tumor markers, which should be sensitive, specific, and reliable, is an acute issue. Human plasma is one of the most popular samples as it is commonly collected in the clinic and provides noninvasive, rapid analysis for any type of disease including cancer. Many efforts have been applied in searching for “ideal” tumor markers, digging very deep into plasma proteomes. The situation in this area can be improved in two ways—by attempting to find an ideal single tumor marker or by generating panels of different markers. In both cases, proteomics certainly plays a major role. There is a line of evidence that the most abundant, so-called “classical plasma proteins”, may be used to generate a tumor biomarker profile. To be comprehensive these profiles should have information not only about protein levels but also proteoform distribution for each protein. Initially, the profile of these proteins in norm should be generated. In our work, we collected bibliographic information about the connection of cancers with levels of “classical plasma proteins”. Additionally, we presented the proteoform profiles (2DE patterns) of these proteins in norm generated by two-dimensional electrophoresis with mass spectrometry and immunodetection. As a next step, similar profiles representing protein perturbations in plasma produced in the case of different cancers will be generated. Additionally, based on this information, different test systems can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Naryzhny
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics (PNPI) of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-911-176-4453
| | - Natalia Ronzhina
- Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics (PNPI) of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Elena Zorina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor Kabachenko
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay Klopov
- Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics (PNPI) of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Victor Zgoda
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia
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17
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Livson S, Virtanen S, Lokki AI, Holster T, Rahkonen L, Kalliala I, Nieminen P, Salonen A, Meri S. Cervicovaginal Complement Activation and Microbiota During Pregnancy and in Parturition. Front Immunol 2022; 13:925630. [PMID: 35958597 PMCID: PMC9358961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.925630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaginal microbiome and the local innate immune defense, including the complement system, contribute to anti- and proinflammatory homeostasis during pregnancy and parturition. The relationship between commensal vaginal bacteria and complement activation during pregnancy and delivery is not known. Objective To study the association of the cervicovaginal microbiota composition to activation and regulation of the complement system during pregnancy and labor. Study design We recruited women during late pregnancy (weeks 41 + 5 to 42 + 0, n=48) and women in active labor (weeks 38 + 4 to 42 + 2, n=25). Mucosal swabs were taken from the external cervix and lateral fornix of the vagina. From the same sampling site, microbiota was analyzed with 16S RNA gene amplicon sequencing. A Western blot technique was used to detect complement C3, C4 and factor B activation and presence of complement inhibitors. For semiquantitative analysis, the bands of the electrophoresed proteins in gels were digitized on a flatbed photo scanner and staining intensities were analyzed using ImageJ/Fiji win-64 software. Patient data was collected from medical records and questionnaires. Results The vaginal microbiota was Lactobacillus-dominant in most of the samples (n=60), L. iners and L. crispatus being the dominant species. L. gasseri and L. jensenii were found to be more abundant during pregnancy than active labor. L. jensenii abundance correlated with C4 activation during pregnancy but not in labor. Gardnerella vaginalis was associated with C4 activation both during pregnancy and labor. The amount of L. gasseri correlated with factor B activation during pregnancy but not during labor. Atopobium vaginae was more abundant during pregnancy than labor and correlated with C4 activation during labor and with factor B activation during pregnancy. Activation of the alternative pathway factor B was significantly stronger during pregnancy compared to labor. During labor complement activation may be inhibited by the abundant presence of factor H and FHL1. Conclusions These results indicate that bacterial composition of the vaginal microbiota could have a role in the local activation and regulation of complement-mediated inflammation during pregnancy. At the time of parturition complement activation appears to be more strictly regulated than during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Livson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Virtanen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Inkeri Lokki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Holster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Rahkonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Kalliala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pekka Nieminen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS) Diagnostic Center, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa laboratorio (HUSLAB), Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Quadri M, Marconi A, Sandhu SK, Kiss A, Efimova T, Palazzo E. Investigating Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in vitro and in vivo: Novel 3D Tools and Animal Models. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:875517. [PMID: 35646967 PMCID: PMC9131878 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.875517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC) represents the second most common type of skin cancer, which incidence is continuously increasing worldwide. Given its high frequency, cSCC represents a major public health problem. Therefore, to provide the best patients’ care, it is necessary having a detailed understanding of the molecular processes underlying cSCC development, progression, and invasion. Extensive efforts have been made in developing new models allowing to study the molecular pathogenesis of solid tumors, including cSCC tumors. Traditionally, in vitro studies were performed with cells grown in a two-dimensional context, which, however, does not represent the complexity of tumor in vivo. In the recent years, new in vitro models have been developed aiming to mimic the three-dimensionality (3D) of the tumor, allowing the evaluation of tumor cell-cell and tumor-microenvironment interaction in an in vivo-like setting. These models include spheroids, organotypic cultures, skin reconstructs and organoids. Although 3D models demonstrate high potential to enhance the overall knowledge in cancer research, they lack systemic components which may be solved only by using animal models. Zebrafish is emerging as an alternative xenotransplant model in cancer research, offering a high-throughput approach for drug screening and real-time in vivo imaging to study cell invasion. Moreover, several categories of mouse models were developed for pre-clinical purpose, including xeno- and syngeneic transplantation models, autochthonous models of chemically or UV-induced skin squamous carcinogenesis, and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of cSCC. These models have been instrumental in examining the molecular mechanisms of cSCC and drug response in an in vivo setting. The present review proposes an overview of in vitro, particularly 3D, and in vivo models and their application in cutaneous SCC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Quadri
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Simran K Sandhu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alexi Kiss
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tatiana Efimova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Elisabetta Palazzo
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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19
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Bahri R, Kiss O, Prise I, Garcia-Rodriguez KM, Atmoko H, Martínez-Gómez JM, Levesque MP, Dummer R, Smith MP, Wellbrock C, Bulfone-Paus S. Human Melanoma-Associated Mast Cells Display a Distinct Transcriptional Signature Characterized by an Upregulation of the Complement Component 3 That Correlates With Poor Prognosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:861545. [PMID: 35669782 PMCID: PMC9163391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.861545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive human malignancies and shows increasing incidence. Mast cells (MCs), long-lived tissue-resident cells that are particularly abundant in human skin where they regulate both innate and adaptive immunity, are associated with melanoma stroma (MAMCs). Thus, MAMCs could impact melanoma development, progression, and metastasis by secreting proteases, pro-angiogenic factors, and both pro-inflammatory and immuno-inhibitory mediators. To interrogate the as-yet poorly characterized role of human MAMCs, we have purified MCs from melanoma skin biopsies and performed RNA-seq analysis. Here, we demonstrate that MAMCs display a unique transcriptome signature defined by the downregulation of the FcεRI signaling pathway, a distinct expression pattern of proteases and pro-angiogenic factors, and a profound upregulation of complement component C3. Furthermore, in melanoma tissue, we observe a significantly increased number of C3+ MCs in stage IV melanoma. Moreover, in patients, C3 expression significantly correlates with the MC-specific marker TPSAB1, and the high expression of both markers is linked with poorer melanoma survival. In vitro, we show that melanoma cell supernatants and tumor microenvironment (TME) mediators such as TGF-β, IL-33, and IL-1β induce some of the changes found in MAMCs and significantly modulate C3 expression and activity in MCs. Taken together, these data suggest that melanoma-secreted cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-1β contribute to the melanoma microenvironment by upregulating C3 expression in MAMCs, thus inducing an MC phenotype switch that negatively impacts melanoma prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajia Bahri
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Orsolya Kiss
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Prise
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Karen M. Garcia-Rodriguez
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Haris Atmoko
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Julia M. Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P. Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael P. Smith
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Wellbrock
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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20
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Zhuang K, Zhang Y, Mo P, Deng L, Jiang Y, Yu L, Mei F, Huang S, Chen X, Yan Y, Tang H, Li X, Xiong Y, Wu S, Ke H, Gui X, Lan K. Plasma proteomic analysis reveals altered protein abundances in HIV-infected patients with or without Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3876-3889. [PMID: 35415847 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The identification of circulating proteins associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma (AIDS-NHL) may help in the development of promising biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Here, we used quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in plasma collected from patients with AIDS-NHL and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients without NHL (HIV+ ). Proteins with a log2 (fold change) in abundance >0.26 and p value less than 0.05 (p < 0.05) were considered differentially abundant. In total, 84 DEPs were identified, among which 20 were further validated as potential biomarkers, with immunoglobulin and complement components being the most common proteins. Some of the proteins were further verified in a retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients in a larger cohort. These markedly altered proteins were found to mediate pathophysiological pathways that likely contribute to AIDS-NHL pathogenesis, such as the humoral immune response, complement activation, and complement and coagulation cascades. Our findings provide a new molecular understanding of AIDS-NHL pathogenesis and provide new evidence supporting the identification of these proteins as possible biomarkers in AIDS-NHL. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhuang
- ABSL-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongxi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pingzheng Mo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liping Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Fanghua Mei
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaoxin Huang
- SpecAlly Life Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Chen
- SpecAlly Life Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yajun Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongbin Tang
- ABSL-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- ABSL-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Hengning Ke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xien Gui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Lan
- ABSL-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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21
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Tandem Mass Tagging-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals Damage to the Liver and Brain of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Exposed to Acute Hypoxia and Reoxygenation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030589. [PMID: 35326239 PMCID: PMC8945220 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture environments frequently experience hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation conditions, which have significant effects on hypoxia-sensitive fish populations. In this study, hepatic biochemical activity indices in serum and the content of major neurotransmitters in the brain were altered markedly after acute hypoxia and reoxygenation exposure in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Proteomics analysis of the liver showed that a number of immune-related and cytoskeletal organization-related proteins were downregulated, the ferroptosis pathway was activated, and several antioxidant molecules and detoxifying enzymes were upregulated. Proteomics analysis of the brain showed that somatostatin-1A (SST1A) was upregulated, dopamine-degrading enzyme catechol O methyltransferase (COMT) and ferritin, heavy subunit (FerH) were downregulated, and the levels of proteins involved in the nervous system were changed in different ways. In conclusion, these findings highlight that hypoxia–reoxygenation has potential adverse effects on growth, locomotion, immunity, and reproduction of silver carp, and represents a serious threat to liver and brain function, possibly via ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and cytoskeleton destruction in the liver, and abnormal expression of susceptibility genes for neurodegenerative disorders in the brain. Our present findings provide clues to the mechanisms of hypoxia and reoxygenation damage in the brain and liver of hypoxia-sensitive fish. They could also be used to develop methods to reduce hypoxia or reoxygenation injury to fish.
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22
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Dutta K, Friscic J, Hoffmann MH. Targeting the tissue-complosome for curbing inflammatory disease. Semin Immunol 2022; 60:101644. [PMID: 35902311 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivated local tissue is a cardinal feature of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases of various organs such as the joints, the gut, the skin, or the lungs. Tissue-resident structural and stromal cells, which get primed during repeated or long-lasting bouts of inflammation form the basis of this sensitization of the tissue. During priming, cells change their metabolism to make them fit for the heightened energy demands that occur during persistent inflammation. Epigenetic changes and, curiously, an activation of intracellularly expressed parts of the complement system drive this metabolic invigoration and enable tissue-resident cells and infiltrating immune cells to employ an arsenal of inflammatory functions, including activation of inflammasomes. Here we provide a current overview on complement activation and inflammatory transformation in tissue-occupying cells, focusing on fibroblasts during arthritis, and illustrate ways how therapeutics directed at complement C3 could potentially target the complosome to unprime cells in the tissue and induce long-lasting abatement of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuheli Dutta
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jasna Friscic
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus H Hoffmann
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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23
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Johnson EM, Uppalapati CK, Pascual AS, Estrada SI, Averitte RL, Leyva KJ, Hull EE. Complement Factor H in cSCC: Evidence of a Link Between Sun Exposure and Immunosuppression in Skin Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:819580. [PMID: 35223500 PMCID: PMC8869607 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.819580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common form of skin cancer with an estimated 750,000 cases diagnosed annually in the United States. Most cases are successfully treated with a simple excision procedure, but ~5% of cases metastasize and have a 5-year survival rate of 25-45%. Thus, identification of biomarkers correlated to cSCC progression may be useful in the early identification of high-risk cSCC and in the development of new therapeutic strategies. This work investigates the role of complement factor H (CFH) in the development of cSCC. CFH is a regulatory component of the complement cascade which affects cell mediated immune responses and increases in complement proteins are associated with poor outcomes in multiple cancer types. We provide evidence that sun exposure may increase levels of CFH, suggesting an immunomodulatory role for CFH early in the development of cSCC. We then document increased levels of CFH in cSCC samples, compared to adjacent normal tissue (ANT) routinely excised in a dermatology clinic which, in paired samples, received the same level of sun exposure. We also provide evidence that levels of CFH are even greater in more advanced cases of cSCC. To provide a potential link between CFH and immune modulation, we assessed immune system function by measuring interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and FOXP3 in patient samples. IFN-γ levels were unchanged in cSCC relative to ANT which is consistent with an ineffective cell-mediated immune response. FOXP3 was used to assess prevalence of regulatory T cells within the tissues, indicating either a derailed or inhibitory immune response. Our data suggest that FOXP3 levels are higher in cSCC than in ANT. Our current working model is that increased CFH downstream of sun exposure is an early event in the development of cSCC as it interferes with proper immune surveillance and decreases the effectiveness of the immune response, and creates a more immunosuppressive environment, thus promoting cSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellise M Johnson
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Chandana K Uppalapati
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Agnes S Pascual
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Sarah I Estrada
- Affiliated Dermatology & Affiliated Laboratories, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Richard L Averitte
- Affiliated Dermatology & Affiliated Laboratories, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Kathryn J Leyva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Elizabeth E Hull
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
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24
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Rahmati Nezhad P, Riihilä P, Knuutila JS, Viiklepp K, Peltonen S, Kallajoki M, Meri S, Nissinen L, Kähäri VM. Complement Factor D Is a Novel Biomarker and Putative Therapeutic Target in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020305. [PMID: 35053469 PMCID: PMC8773783 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The incidence of the most common metastatic skin malignancy, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), is growing worldwide, and the prognosis of the metastatic disease is poor. Presently, there are no biomarkers or therapeutic targets for high-risk cSCCs. Recent studies have demonstrated the essential role of autocrine complement synthesis in the progression of cSCC. Here, we have evaluated the role of complement Factor D (FD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the alternative complement pathway, in cSCC development. The results identify FD as a novel biomarker and putative therapeutic target for cSCC and propose the small-molecule FD inhibitor Danicopan as a highly specific drug candidate in the therapy of advanced cSCC. It is expected that the discovery of complement-associated molecular markers for cSCC progression would improve diagnosis, classification, prognostication, and targeted therapy of cSCC and its precursors in the future. Abstract Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most prevalent metastatic skin cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated the autocrine role of complement components in cSCC progression. We have investigated factor D (FD), the key enzyme of the alternative complement pathway, in the development of cSCC. RT-qPCR analysis of cSCC cell lines and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) demonstrated significant up-regulation of FD mRNA in cSCC cells compared to NHEKs. Western blot analysis also showed more abundant FD production by cSCC cell lines. Significantly higher FD mRNA levels were noted in cSCC tumors than in normal skin. Strong tumor cell-associated FD immunolabeling was detected in the invasive margin of human cSCC xenografts. More intense tumor cell-specific immunostaining for FD was seen in the tumor edge in primary and metastatic cSCCs, in metastases, and in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa-associated cSCCs, compared with cSCC in situ, actinic keratosis and normal skin. FD production by cSCC cells was dependent on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, and it was induced by interferon-γ and interleukin-1β. Blocking FD activity by Danicopan inhibited activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and attenuated proliferation of cSCC cells. These results identify FD as a novel putative biomarker and therapeutic target for cSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Rahmati Nezhad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (P.R.N.); (P.R.); (J.S.K.); (K.V.); (S.P.); (L.N.)
- FICAN West Cancer Centre, Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (P.R.N.); (P.R.); (J.S.K.); (K.V.); (S.P.); (L.N.)
- FICAN West Cancer Centre, Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko S. Knuutila
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (P.R.N.); (P.R.); (J.S.K.); (K.V.); (S.P.); (L.N.)
- FICAN West Cancer Centre, Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Kristina Viiklepp
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (P.R.N.); (P.R.); (J.S.K.); (K.V.); (S.P.); (L.N.)
- FICAN West Cancer Centre, Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sirkku Peltonen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (P.R.N.); (P.R.); (J.S.K.); (K.V.); (S.P.); (L.N.)
| | - Markku Kallajoki
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, The Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (P.R.N.); (P.R.); (J.S.K.); (K.V.); (S.P.); (L.N.)
- FICAN West Cancer Centre, Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (P.R.N.); (P.R.); (J.S.K.); (K.V.); (S.P.); (L.N.)
- FICAN West Cancer Centre, Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-2-3131600
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25
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Lin YW, Kang WP, Huang BL, Qiu ZH, Wei LF, Zhang B, Ding TY, Luo Y, Liu CT, Chu LY, Guo HP, Xu YW, Peng YH. Nomogram based on clinical characteristics and serological inflammation markers to predict overall survival of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma patient after surgery. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:667. [PMID: 34961504 PMCID: PMC8711158 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-02028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is a prevalent malignant disease that is characterized by high rates of metastasis and postoperative recurrence. The aim of this study was to establish a nomogram to predict the outcome of OTSCC patients after surgery. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 169 OTSCC patients who underwent treatments in the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from 2008 to 2019. The Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the independent prognostic factors associated with patient's overall survival (OS). A nomogram based on these prognostic factors was established and internally validated using a bootstrap resampling method. RESULTS Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed the independent prognostic factors for OS were TNM stage, age, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio and immunoglobulin G, all of which were identified to create the nomogram. The Akaike Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion of the nomogram were lower than those of TNM stage (292.222 vs. 305.480; 298.444 vs. 307.036, respectively), indicating a better goodness-of-fit of the nomogram for predicting OS. The bootstrap-corrected of concordance index (C-index) of nomogram was 0.784 (95% CI 0.708-0.860), which was higher than that of TNM stage (0.685, 95% CI 0.603-0.767, P = 0.017). The results of time-dependent C-index for OS also showed that the nomogram had a better discriminative ability than that of TNM stage. The calibration curves of the nomogram showed good consistency between the probabilities and observed values. The decision curve analysis also revealed the potential clinical usefulness of the nomogram. Based on the cutoff value obtained from the nomogram, the proposed high-risk group had poorer OS than low-risk group (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The nomogram based on clinical characteristics and serological inflammation markers might be useful for outcome prediction of OTSCC patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Piao Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Liang Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Han Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lai-Feng Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Yan Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Can-Tong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yu Chu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Peng Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Wu P, Shi J, Sun W, Zhang H. The prognostic value of plasma complement factor B (CFB) in thyroid carcinoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12854-12866. [PMID: 34898340 PMCID: PMC8810132 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2005745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal and immune cells are major components of tumor microenvironment (TME) and affect the growth and development of thyroid carcinoma (THCA). However, data on the exact mechanisms that define the relationship between the TME and THCA remain scant. We calculated stromal and immune cells scores and the proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) by CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE based on the THCA gene expression data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In addition, we evaluated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from high- and low-score groups and performed functional enrichment analysis. Furthermore, our data show a significant correlation between plasma complement factor B (CFB) and PTC development and prognosis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) demonstrated that the CFB was mainly enriched in immune response pathways. The expression of CFB was positively correlated with T cells CD8, Macrophages M1, Plasma cells, T cells CD4 memory activated, T cells follicular helper and T cells regulatory (Tregs), whereas negatively correlated with Eosinophils, Macrophages M0, Macrophages M2, Mast cells resting, T cells CD4 memory resting in the TME. Finally, the expression level of CFB was verified by other cohorts from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses, which was consistent with the results of bioinformatic analysis. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the CFB could be a prognostic marker for THCA and its expression influences the infiltration of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinyuan Shi
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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27
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Lee MJ, Na K, Shin H, Kim CY, Cho JY, Kang CM, Kim SH, Kim H, Choi HJ, Lee CK, Bae S, Son S, Paik YK. Early Diagnostic Ability of Human Complement Factor B in Pancreatic Cancer Is Partly Linked to Its Potential Tumor-Promoting Role. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:5315-5328. [PMID: 34766501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although plasma complement factor B (CFB, NX_P00751), both alone and in combination with CA19-9 (i.e., the ComB-CAN), previously exhibited a reliable diagnostic ability for pancreatic cancer (PC), its detectability of the early stages and the cancer detection mechanism remained elusive. We first evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of ComB-CAN using plasma samples from healthy donors (HDs), patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP), and patients with different PC stages (I/II vs III/IV). An analysis of the area under the curve (AUC) by PanelComposer using logistic regression revealed that ComB-CAN has a superior diagnostic ability for early-stage PC (97.1.% [95% confidence interval (CI): (97.1-97.2)]) compared with CFB (94.3% [95% CI: 94.2-94.4]) or CA19-9 alone (34.3% [95% CI: 34.1-34.4]). In the comparisons of all stages of patients with PC vs CP and HDs, the AUC values of ComB-CAN, CFB, and CA19-9 were 0.983 (95% CI: 0.983-0.983), 0.950 (95% CI: 0.950-0.951), and 0.873 (95% CI: 0.873-0.874), respectively. We then investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the detection of early-stage PC by using stable cell lines of CFB knockdown and CFB overexpression. A global transcriptomic analysis coupled to cell invasion assays of both CFB-modulated cell lines suggested that CFB plays a tumor-promoting role in PC, which likely initiates the PI3K-AKT cancer signaling pathway. Thus our study establishes ComB-CAN as a reliable early diagnostic marker for PC that can be clinically applied for early PC screening in the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Lee
- Yonsei Proteome Research Center, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-ku, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Keun Na
- Yonsei Proteome Research Center, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-ku, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Heon Shin
- Yonsei Proteome Research Center, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-ku, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Chae-Yeon Kim
- Yonsei Proteome Research Center, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-ku, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Cho
- Yonsei Proteome Research Center, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-ku, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sumi Bae
- JW Bioscience Corp., 2477, Nambusunhwan-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06725, South Korea
| | - Sunghwa Son
- JW Holdings Corp., 2477, Nambusunhwan-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06725, South Korea
| | - Young-Ki Paik
- Yonsei Proteome Research Center, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-ku, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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C1r Upregulates Production of Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 and Promotes Invasion of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1478-1488.e9. [PMID: 34756877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common metastatic skin cancer with increasing incidence worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated the role of complement system in cSCC progression. In this study we have investigated the mechanistic role of serine protease C1r, a component of the classical pathway of complement system, in cSCC. Knockout of C1r in cSCC cells using CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in significant decrease in their proliferation, migration, and invasion through collagen type I compared to wild type cSCC cells. Knockout of C1r suppressed growth and vascularization of cSCC xenograft tumors, and promoted apoptosis of tumor cells in vivo. mRNA-seq analysis after C1r knockdown revealed significantly regulated GO terms Cell-matrix adhesion, Extracellular matrix component, Basement membrane, Metalloendopeptidase activity and KEGG pathway Extracellular matrix-receptor interaction. Among the significantly regulated genes were invasion-associated matrix metalloproteinases MMP1, MMP13, MMP10, and MMP12. Knockout of C1r resulted in decreased production of MMP-1, MMP-13, MMP-10, and MMP-12 by cSCC cells in culture. Knockout of C1r inhibited expression of MMP-13 by tumor cells, suppressed invasion, and reduced the amount of degraded collagen in vivo in xenografts. These results provide evidence for the role of C1r in promoting the invasion of cSCC cells by increasing MMP production.
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He XS, Zou SY, Yao JL, Yu W, Deng ZY, Wang JR, Gan WJ, Wan S, Yang XQ, Wu H. Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Complement Component 3 as a Potential Predictive Biomarker for Chemotherapy Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:763652. [PMID: 34722636 PMCID: PMC8554154 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.763652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: 5-fluorouracil- and oxaliplatin-based FOLFOX regimens are mainstay chemotherapeutics for colorectal cancer (CRC) but drug resistance represents a major therapeutic challenge. To improve patient survival, there is a need to identify resistance genes to better understand the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance. Methods: Transcriptomic datasets were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and combined with our own microarray data. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to dissect the functional networks and hub genes associated with FOLFOX resistance and cancer recurrence. We then conducted analysis of prognosis, profiling of tumor infiltrating immune cells, and pathway overrepresentation analysis to comprehensively elucidate the biological impact of the identified hub gene in CRC. Results: WGCNA analysis identified the complement component 3 (C3) gene as the only hub gene associated with both FOLFOX chemotherapy resistance and CRC recurrence after FOLFOX chemotherapy. Subsequent survival analysis confirmed that high C3 expression confers poor progression-free survival, disease-free survival, and recurrence-free survival. Further correlational analysis revealed significant negative association of C3 expression with sensitivity to oxaliplatin, but not 5-fluorouracil. Moreover, in silico analysis of tumor immune cell infiltration suggested the change of C3 expression could affect tumor microenvironment. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed a hyperactivation of pathways contributing to invasion, metastasis, lymph node spread, and oxaliplatin resistance in CRC samples with C3 overexpression. Conclusion: Our results suggest that high C3 expression is a debilitating factor for FOLFOX chemotherapy, especially for oxaliplatin sensitivity, and C3 may represent a novel biomarker for treatment decision of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shun He
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University and The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Yi Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Lu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wangjianfei Yu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Deng
- Department of Pathology, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, China
| | - Jing-Ru Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University and The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Juan Gan
- Department of Pathology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shan Wan
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University and The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University and The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Shimazaki R, Takano S, Satoh M, Takada M, Miyahara Y, Sasaki K, Yoshitomi H, Kagawa S, Furukawa K, Takayashiki T, Kuboki S, Sogawa K, Motohashi S, Nomura F, Miyazaki M, Ohtsuka M. Complement factor B regulates cellular senescence and is associated with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:937-950. [PMID: 34075561 PMCID: PMC8338870 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between cancer cells and stromal components, including soluble mediators released from cancer cells, contributes to the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, we set out to identify key secreted proteins involved in PDAC progression. METHODS We performed secretome analyses of culture media of mouse pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and PDAC cells using Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino acid in Cell culture (SILAC) with click chemistry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results obtained were verified in primary PDAC tissue samples and cell line models. RESULTS Complement factor B (CFB) was identified as one of the robustly upregulated proteins, and found to exhibit elevated expression in PDAC cells compared to PanIN cells. Endogenous CFB knockdown by a specific siRNA dramatically decreased the proliferation of PDAC cells, PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-II. CFB knockdown induced increases in the number of senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) positive cells exhibiting p21 expression upregulation, which promotes cellular senescence with cyclinD1 accumulation. Furthermore, CFB knockdown facilitated downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and led to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in PDAC cells. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that high stromal CFB expression was associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes with hematogenous dissemination after surgery in human PDAC patients. Despite the presence of enriched CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in the PDAC tumor microenvironments, patients with a high stromal CFB expression exhibited a significantly poorer prognosis compared to those with a low stromal CFB expression. Immunofluorescence staining revealed a correlation between stromal CFB expression in the tumor microenvironment and an enrichment of immunosuppressive regulatory T-cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We also found that high stromal CFB expression showed a positive correlation with high CD8+/Foxp3+ Tregs populations in PDAC tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that CFB, a key secreted protein, promotes proliferation by preventing cellular senescence and is associated with immunological tumor promotion in PDAC. These findings suggest that CFB may be a potential target for the treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiri Shimazaki
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260- 8677, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Takano
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260- 8677, Japan.
| | - Mamoru Satoh
- Division of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Mamoru Takada
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260- 8677, Japan
| | - Yoji Miyahara
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260- 8677, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sasaki
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260- 8677, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yoshitomi
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260- 8677, Japan
| | - Shingo Kagawa
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260- 8677, Japan
| | - Katsunori Furukawa
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260- 8677, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Takayashiki
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260- 8677, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuboki
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260- 8677, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sogawa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 252-5201, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Motohashi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 260-8677, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fumio Nomura
- Division of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Masaru Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260- 8677, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohtsuka
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260- 8677, Japan
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Khan MJ, Ahmad A, Khan MA, Siddiqui S. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Induces Apoptosis in Human Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells Through Reactive Oxygen Species and DNA Degradation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2172-2181. [PMID: 32840725 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are used immensely in technology and medicine, but very less is known about toxicity mechanism to human epidermal cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate possible anticancer properties of ZnO-NPs on human epidermoid carcinoma cells using MTT assay, measurement of reactive oxygen species, DNA fragmentation, and nuclear condensation. ZnO-NPs were synthesized by sol-gel method using zinc acetate dihydrate, ethylene glycol, and 2-propyl alcohol. Numerous characterization techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering spectroscopy were used to confirm synthesis, purity, optical, and surface characteristics, size, shape, and distribution of ZnO-NPs. Our finding showed that ZnO-NPs considerably decreased cell viability of human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells with a parallel increase in nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, real time PCR expression study showed that treatment of human epidermoid carcinoma cells with ZnO-NPs trigger increased expression of tumor suppressor gene p53, bax, and caspase-3 while downregulate antiapoptotic gene bcl-2. Thus ZnO-NPs induce apoptosis in A431 cells through DNA degradation and generation of reactive oxygen species via p53, bax/bcl-2, and caspase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Jahir Khan
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmood Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India
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Rahmati Nezhad P, Riihilä P, Piipponen M, Kallajoki M, Meri S, Nissinen L, Kähäri VM. Complement factor I upregulates expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 and -2 and promotes invasion of cutaneous squamous carcinoma cells. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1631-1641. [PMID: 33813765 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is increasing globally. Here, we have studied the functional role of complement factor I (CFI) in the progression of cSCC. CFI was knocked down in cSCC cells, and RNA-seq analysis was performed. Significant downregulation of genes in IPA biofunction categories Proliferation of cells and Growth of malignant tumor, in Gene Ontology (GO) terms Metallopeptidase activity and Extracellular matrix component, as well as Reactome Degradation of extracellular matrix was detected after CFI knockdown. Further analysis of the latter three networks, revealed downregulation of several genes coding for invasion-associated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) after CFI knockdown. The downregulation of MMP-13 and MMP-2 was confirmed at mRNA, protein and tissue levels by qRT-qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Knockdown of CFI decreased the invasion of cSCC cells through type I collagen. Overexpression of CFI in cSCC cells resulted in enhanced production of MMP-13 and MMP-2 and increased invasion through type I collagen and Matrigel, and in increased ERK1/2 activation and cell proliferation. Altogether, these findings identify a novel mechanism of action of CFI in upregulation of MMP-13 and MMP-2 expression and cSCC invasion. These results identify CFI as a prospective molecular marker for invasion and metastasis of cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Rahmati Nezhad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Piipponen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Kallajoki
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and the Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Zhu H, Yu X, Zhang S, Shu K. Targeting the Complement Pathway in Malignant Glioma Microenvironments. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:657472. [PMID: 33869223 PMCID: PMC8047198 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.657472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma is a highly fatal type of brain tumor, and its reoccurrence is largely due to the ordered interactions among the components present in the complex microenvironment. Besides its role in immune surveillance and clearance under physiological conditions, the complement system is expressed in a variety of tumor types and mediates the interactions within the tumor microenvironments. Recent studies have uncovered the broad expression spectrum of complement signaling molecules in the tumor microenvironment and various tumor cells, in particular, malignant glioma cells. Involvement of the complement system in tumor growth, immunosuppression and phenotype transition have also been elucidated. In this review, we enumerate the expression and function of complement molecules in multiple tumor types reported. Moreover, we elaborate the complement pathways in glioma cells and various components of malignant glioma microenvironments. Finally, we summarize the possibility of the complement molecules as prognostic factors and therapeutic targets in the treatment of malignant glioma. Specific targeting of the complement system maybe of great significance and value in the future treatment of multi-type tumors including malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingjiang Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Suojun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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A highly expressed mRNA signature for predicting survival in patients with stage I/II non-small-cell lung cancer after operation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5855. [PMID: 33712694 PMCID: PMC7955117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers that predict the prognosis of patients with NSCLC. In this study,we aim to find out mRNA signature closely related to the prognosis of NSCLC by new algorithm of bioinformatics. Identification of highly expressed mRNA in stage I/II patients with NSCLC was performed with the “Limma” package of R software. Survival analysis of patients with different mRNA expression levels was subsequently calculated by Cox regression analysis, and a multi-RNA signature was obtained by using the training set. Kaplan–Meier estimator, log-rank test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyse the predictive ability of the multi-RNA signature. RT-PCR used to verify the expression of the multi-RNA signature, and Westernblot used to verify the expression of proteins related to the multi-RNA signature. We identified fifteen survival-related mRNAs in the training set and classified the patients as high risk or low risk. NSCLC patients with low risk scores had longer disease-free survival than patients with high risk scores. The fifteen-mRNA signature was an independent prognostic factor, as shown by the ROC curve. ROC curve also showed that the combined model of the fifteen-mRNA signature and tumour stage had higher precision than stage alone. The expression of fifteen mRNAs and related proteins were higher in stage II NSCLC than in stage I NSCLC. Multi-gene expression profiles provide a moderate prognostic tool for NSCLC patients with stage I/II disease.
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O’Brien RM, Cannon A, Reynolds JV, Lysaght J, Lynam-Lennon N. Complement in Tumourigenesis and the Response to Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1209. [PMID: 33802004 PMCID: PMC7998562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, our knowledge of the complement system beyond innate immunity has progressed significantly. A modern understanding is that the complement system has a multifaceted role in malignancy, impacting carcinogenesis, the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype and response to therapies. The ability of local immune cells to produce and respond to complement components has provided valuable insights into their regulation, and the subsequent remodeling of the tumour microenvironment. These novel discoveries have advanced our understanding of the immunosuppressive mechanisms supporting tumour growth and uncovered potential therapeutic targets. This review discusses the current understanding of complement in cancer, outlining both direct and immune cell-mediated roles. The role of complement in response to therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation and immunotherapy is also presented. While complement activities are largely context and cancer type-dependent, it is evident that promising therapeutic avenues have been identified, in particular in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. O’Brien
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Aoife Cannon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
| | - John V. Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
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Raschdorf A, Sünderhauf A, Skibbe K, Ghebrehiwet B, Peerschke EI, Sina C, Derer S. Heterozygous P32/ C1QBP/ HABP1 Polymorphism rs56014026 Reduces Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation and Is Expressed in Low-grade Colorectal Carcinomas. Front Oncol 2021; 10:631592. [PMID: 33628739 PMCID: PMC7897657 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.631592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid proliferation of cancer cells is enabled by favoring aerobic glycolysis over mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). P32 (C1QBP/gC1qR) is essential for mitochondrial protein translation and thus indispensable for OXPHOS activity. It is ubiquitously expressed and directed to the mitochondrial matrix in almost all cell types with an excessive up-regulation of p32 expression reported for tumor tissues. We recently demonstrated high levels of non-mitochondrial p32 to be associated with high-grade colorectal carcinoma. Mutations in human p32 are likely to disrupt proper mitochondrial function giving rise to various diseases including cancer. Hence, we aimed to investigate the impact of the most common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs56014026 in the coding sequence of p32 on tumor cell metabolism. In silico homology modeling of the resulting p.Thr130Met mutated p32 revealed that the single amino acid substitution potentially induces a strong conformational change in the protein, mainly affecting the mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS). In vitro experiments confirmed an impaired mitochondrial import of mutated p32-T130M, resulting in reduced OXPHOS activity and a shift towards a low metabolic phenotype. Overexpression of p32-T130M maintained terminal differentiation of a goblet cell-like colorectal cancer cell line compared to p32-wt without affecting cell proliferation. Sanger sequencing of tumor samples from 128 CRC patients identified the heterozygous SNP rs56014026 in two well-differentiated, low proliferating adenocarcinomas, supporting our in vitro data. Together, the SNP rs56014026 reduces metabolic activity and proliferation while promoting differentiation in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Raschdorf
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Annika Sünderhauf
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kerstin Skibbe
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Berhane Ghebrehiwet
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Ellinor I Peerschke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,1st Department of Medicine, Division of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefanie Derer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Complement activation promoted by the lectin pathway mediates C3aR-dependent sarcoma progression and immunosuppression. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:218-232. [PMID: 34505065 PMCID: PMC8425276 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Complement has emerged as a component of tumor promoting inflammation. We conducted a systematic assessment of the role of complement activation and effector pathways in sarcomas. C3-/-, MBL1/2-/- and C4-/- mice showed reduced susceptibility to 3-methylcholanthrene sarcomagenesis and transplanted sarcomas, whereas C1q and factor B deficiency had marginal effects. Complement 3a receptor (C3aR), but not C5aR1 and C5aR2, deficiency mirrored the phenotype of C3-/- mice. C3 and C3aR deficiency were associated with reduced accumulation and functional skewing of tumor-associated macrophages, increased T cell activation and response to anti-PD-1 therapy. Transcriptional profiling of sarcoma infiltrating macrophages and monocytes revealed the enrichment of MHC II-dependent antigen presentation pathway in C3-deficient cells. In patients, C3aR expression correlated with a macrophage population signature and C3 deficiency-associated signatures predicted better clinical outcome. These results suggest that the lectin pathway and C3a/C3aR axis are key components of complement and macrophage-mediated sarcoma promotion and immunosuppression.
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Jackson WD, Gulino A, Fossati-Jimack L, Castro Seoane R, Tian K, Best K, Köhl J, Belmonte B, Strid J, Botto M. C3 Drives Inflammatory Skin Carcinogenesis Independently of C5. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:404-414.e6. [PMID: 32682912 PMCID: PMC8150327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancer such as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common form of cancer and can occur as a consequence of DNA damage to the epithelium by UVR or chemical carcinogens. There is growing evidence that the complement system is involved in cancer immune surveillance; however, its role in cSCC remains unclear. Here, we show that complement genes are expressed in tissue from patients with cSCC, and C3 activation fragments are present in cSCC biopsies, indicating complement activation. Using a range of complement-deficient mice in a two-stage mouse model of chemically-induced cSCC, where a subclinical dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene causes oncogenic mutations in epithelial cells and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate promotes the outgrowth of these cells, we found that C3-deficient mice displayed a significantly reduced tumor burden, whereas an opposite phenotype was observed in mice lacking C5aR1, C5aR2, and C3a receptor. In addition, in mice unable to form the membrane attack complex, the tumor progression was unaltered. C3 deficiency did not affect the cancer response to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene treatment alone but reduced the epidermal hyperplasia during 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation. Collectively, these data indicate that C3 drives tumorigenesis during chronic skin inflammation, independently of the downstream generation of C5a or membrane attack complex.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/administration & dosage
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/toxicity
- Animals
- Carcinogens/administration & dosage
- Carcinogens/toxicity
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Complement Activation/genetics
- Complement Activation/immunology
- Complement C3/genetics
- Complement C3/metabolism
- Complement C5/metabolism
- Complement Membrane Attack Complex/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms, Experimental/blood
- Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/genetics
- Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/metabolism
- Receptors, Complement/genetics
- Receptors, Complement/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Escape
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Jackson
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Liliane Fossati-Jimack
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Rocio Castro Seoane
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kunyuan Tian
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Best
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jessica Strid
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Marina Botto
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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Yao Z, Zhang Y, Yan J, Yan L. Deciphering biomarkers of endometriosis by proteomic analysis of eutopic endometrium in infertile patients. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020; 50:102043. [PMID: 33310135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Endometriosis is associated with infertility. The aim of this study was to examine the overall proteomic changes of eutopic endometrium in infertile women with endometriosis. METHODS Tandem mass tags combined with multidimensional liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses were used to screen the proteomic profiles of eutopic endometrium from infertile patients with endometriosis (N = 4), compared with that from patients without endometriosis (N = 4). Quantitative proteomic analysis, functional categories and significant pathway analysis were investigated subsequently. RESULTS In total, 6.698 proteins were identified, among which 5,812 proteins were quantified. Compared with controls, proteomic analysis showed some differentially expressed proteins: 16 up-regulated proteins and 23 down-regulated proteins. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that differentially expressed proteins were involved in humoral immune response pathways, antimicrobial humoral response and regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process. Besides, our results showed that alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2, complement factor B and zinc transporter Zip14 were important resources for investigating potential mechanism of infertility in infertile women with endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS This study provided a reference proteome map of eutopic endometrium from infertile women with endometriosis. The long-term benefits of using those markers to stratify clinical treatment warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhina Yao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yousheng Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Junhao Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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40
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Complement System: Promoter or Suppressor of Cancer Progression? Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9040057. [PMID: 33113844 PMCID: PMC7709131 DOI: 10.3390/antib9040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Constituent of innate immunity, complement is present in the tumor microenvironment. The functions of complement include clearance of pathogens and maintenance of homeostasis, and as such could contribute to an anti-tumoral role in the context of certain cancers. However, multiple lines of evidence show that in many cancers, complement has pro-tumoral actions. The large number of complement molecules (over 30), the diversity of their functions (related or not to the complement cascade), and the variety of cancer types make the complement-cancer topic a very complex matter that has just started to be unraveled. With this review we highlight the context-dependent role of complement in cancer. Recent studies revealed that depending of the cancer type, complement can be pro or anti-tumoral and, even for the same type of cancer, different models presented opposite effects. We aim to clarify the current knowledge of the role of complement in human cancers and the insights from mouse models. Using our classification of human cancers based on the prognostic impact of the overexpression of complement genes, we emphasize the strong potential for therapeutic targeting the complement system in selected subgroups of cancer patients.
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Siljamäki E, Rappu P, Riihilä P, Nissinen L, Kähäri VM, Heino J. H-Ras activation and fibroblast-induced TGF-β signaling promote laminin-332 accumulation and invasion in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Matrix Biol 2020; 87:26-47. [PMID: 31655292 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common metastatic skin cancer, with increasing incidence worldwide. The molecular basis of cSCC progression to invasive and metastatic disease is still incompletely understood. Here, we show that fibroblasts and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling promote laminin-332 synthesis in cancer cells in an activated H-Ras-dependent manner, which in turn promotes cancer cell invasion. Immunohistochemical analysis of sporadic UV-induced invasive human cSCCs (n = 208) revealed prominent cSCC cell specific immunostaining for laminin-332 γ2 chain, located in the majority of cases (90%, n = 173) in the invasive edge of the tumors. To mimic the progression of cSCC we established 3D spheroid cocultures using primary skin fibroblasts and HaCaT/ras-HaCaT human keratinocytes. Our results indicate that in 3D spheroids, unlike in monolayer cultures, TGF-β upregulates laminin-332 production, but only in cells that harbour oncogenic H-Ras. Accumulation of laminin-332 was prevented by both H-Ras knock down and inhibition of TGF-β signaling by SB431542 or RAdKD-ALK5 kinase-defective adenovirus. Furthermore, fibroblasts accelerated the invasion of ras-HaCaT cells through collagen I gels in a Ras/TGF-β signaling dependent manner. In conclusion, we demonstrate the presence of laminin-332 in the invasive front of cSCC tumors and report a new Ras/TGF-β-dependent mechanism that promotes laminin-332 accumulation and cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Siljamäki
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Pekka Rappu
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Pilvi Riihilä
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Dermatology, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11, 20520, Turku, Finland; The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Centre Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Dermatology, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11, 20520, Turku, Finland; The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Centre Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Dermatology, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11, 20520, Turku, Finland; The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Centre Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jyrki Heino
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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Baldan-Martin M, Martin-Rojas T, Corbacho-Alonso N, Lopez JA, Sastre-Oliva T, Gil-Dones F, Vazquez J, Arevalo JM, Mourino-Alvarez L, Barderas MG. Comprehensive Proteomic Profiling of Pressure Ulcers in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury Identifies a Specific Protein Pattern of Pathology. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020; 9:277-294. [PMID: 32226651 PMCID: PMC7099418 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.0968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Severe pressure ulcers (PUs) do not respond to conservative wound therapy and need surgical repair. To better understand the pathogenesis and to advance on new therapeutic options, we focused on the proteomic analysis of PU, which offers substantial opportunities to identify significant changes in protein abundance during the course of PU formation in an unbiased manner. Approach: To better define the protein pattern of this pathology, we performed a proteomic approach in which we compare severe PU tissue from spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with control tissue from the same patients. Results: We found 76 proteins with difference in abundance. Of these, 10 proteins were verified as proteins that define the pathology: antithrombin-III, alpha-1-antitrypsin, kininogen-1, alpha-2-macroglobulin, fibronectin, apolipoprotein A-I, collagen alpha-1 (XII) chain, haptoglobin, apolipoprotein B-100, and complement factor B. Innovation: This is the first study to analyze differential abundance protein of PU tissue from SCI patients using high-throughput protein identification and quantification by tandem mass tags followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Conclusion: Differential abundance proteins are mainly involved in tissue regeneration. These proteins might be considered as future therapeutic options to enhance the physiological response and permit cellular repair of damaged tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Baldan-Martin
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, National Hospital for Paraplegics (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Tatiana Martin-Rojas
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, National Hospital for Paraplegics (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Nerea Corbacho-Alonso
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, National Hospital for Paraplegics (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Lopez
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Hospital for Paraplegics (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Tamara Sastre-Oliva
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, National Hospital for Paraplegics (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Felix Gil-Dones
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, National Hospital for Paraplegics (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jesus Vazquez
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Hospital for Paraplegics (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Laura Mourino-Alvarez
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, National Hospital for Paraplegics (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Maria G. Barderas
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, National Hospital for Paraplegics (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
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Wang H, Li Y, Shi G, Wang Y, Lin Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Dai L, Cheng L, Su X, Yang Y, Zhang S, Li Z, Li J, Wei Y, Yu D, Deng H. A Novel Antitumor Strategy: Simultaneously Inhibiting Angiogenesis and Complement by Targeting VEGFA/PIGF and C3b/C4b. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020; 16:20-29. [PMID: 31909182 PMCID: PMC6940616 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have become a critical regimen for tumor therapy, but the efficacy of monotherapy is usually limited by drug resistance and multiple angiogenic mechanisms. Complement proteins are becoming potential candidates for cancer-targeted therapy based on their role in promoting cancer progression and angiogenesis. However, the antitumor abilities of simultaneous VEGF and complement blockade were unknown. We generated a humanized soluble VEGFR-Fc fusion protein (VID) binding VEGFA/PIGF and a CR1-Fc fusion protein (CID) targeting C3b/C4b. Both VID and CID had good affinities to their ligands and showed effective bioactivities. In vitro, angiogenesis effects induced by VEGF and hemolysis induced by complement were inhibited by VID and CID, respectively. Further, VID and CID confer a synergetic therapeutic effect in a colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) model and an orthotopic 4T1 breast cancer model. Mechanically, combination therapy inhibited tumor angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and MDSC infiltration in the tumor microenvironment and promoted tumor cell apoptosis. Our study offers a novel therapeutic strategy for anti-VEGF-resistant tumors and chronic-inflammation-associated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Gang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qianmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Dechao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Riihilä P, Viiklepp K, Nissinen L, Farshchian M, Kallajoki M, Kivisaari A, Meri S, Peltonen J, Peltonen S, Kähäri V. Tumour-cell-derived complement components C1r and C1s promote growth of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 2020; 182:658-670. [PMID: 31049937 PMCID: PMC7065064 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of epidermal keratinocyte-derived cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is increasing worldwide. OBJECTIVES To study the role of the complement classical pathway components C1q, C1r and C1s in the progression of cSCC. METHODS The mRNA levels of C1Q subunits and C1R and C1S in cSCC cell lines, normal human epidermal keratinocytes, cSCC tumours in vivo and normal skin were analysed with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The production of C1r and C1s was determined with Western blotting. The expression of C1r and C1s in tissue samples in vivo was analysed with immunohistochemistry and further investigated in human cSCC xenografts by knocking down C1r and C1s. RESULTS Significantly elevated C1R and C1S mRNA levels and production of C1r and C1s were detected in cSCC cells, compared with normal human epidermal keratinocytes. The mRNA levels of C1R and C1S were markedly elevated in cSCC tumours in vivo compared with normal skin. Abundant expression of C1r and C1s by tumour cells was detected in invasive sporadic cSCCs and recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa-associated cSCCs, whereas the expression of C1r and C1s was lower in cSCC in situ, actinic keratosis and normal skin. Knockdown of C1r and C1s expression in cSCC cells inhibited activation of extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 and Akt, promoted apoptosis of cSCC cells and significantly suppressed growth and vascularization of human cSCC xenograft tumours in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence for the role of tumour-cell-derived C1r and C1s in the progression of cSCC and identify them as biomarkers and putative therapeutic targets in cSCC. What's already known about this topic? The incidences of actinic keratosis, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in situ and invasive cSCC are increasing globally. Few specific biomarkers for progression of cSCC have been identified, and no biological markers are in clinical use to predict the aggressiveness of actinic keratosis, cSCC in situ and invasive cSCC. What does this study add? Our results provide novel evidence for the role of complement classical pathway components C1r and C1s in the progression of cSCC. What is the translational message? Our results identify complement classical pathway components C1r and C1s as biomarkers and putative therapeutic targets in cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Riihilä
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalHämeentie 11 TE6FI‐20520TurkuFinland
- MediCity Research LaboratoryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West)University of Turku and Turku University HospitalHämeentie 11 TE6FI‐20520TurkuFinland
| | - K. Viiklepp
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalHämeentie 11 TE6FI‐20520TurkuFinland
- MediCity Research LaboratoryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West)University of Turku and Turku University HospitalHämeentie 11 TE6FI‐20520TurkuFinland
| | - L. Nissinen
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalHämeentie 11 TE6FI‐20520TurkuFinland
- MediCity Research LaboratoryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West)University of Turku and Turku University HospitalHämeentie 11 TE6FI‐20520TurkuFinland
| | - M. Farshchian
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalHämeentie 11 TE6FI‐20520TurkuFinland
- MediCity Research LaboratoryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - M. Kallajoki
- Department of PathologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - A. Kivisaari
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalHämeentie 11 TE6FI‐20520TurkuFinland
- MediCity Research LaboratoryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - S. Meri
- Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - J. Peltonen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - S. Peltonen
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalHämeentie 11 TE6FI‐20520TurkuFinland
| | - V.‐M. Kähäri
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalHämeentie 11 TE6FI‐20520TurkuFinland
- MediCity Research LaboratoryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West)University of Turku and Turku University HospitalHämeentie 11 TE6FI‐20520TurkuFinland
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45
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Xu Y, Huang Y, Xu W, Zheng X, Yi X, Huang L, Wang Y, Wu K. Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSCs) Exert Immunosuppressive Effects in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Producing Complement C3. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1497-1505. [PMID: 32110047 PMCID: PMC7035898 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s234920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the important players in liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. They also act as critical mediators of immunosuppression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we hypothesized that HSCs promote HCC progression via C3. Methods C3 in HSCs was knocked down using a shRNA retroviral plasmid. The conditioned medium from HSCs or shC3 HSCs (knockdown of C3 by shRNA in HSCs) was collected to detect their effects on bone marrow (BM) and T cells (including expansion and apoptosis) in vitro, and in an HCC in situ model in mice. Results We found that HSCs promoted T-cell apoptosis and decreased their proliferation, inhibited dendritic cell (DC) maturation, and induced myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) expansion through the C3 pathway in vitro. In addition, the knockdown of C3 suppressed HSC-promoted HCC development in the orthotopic transplantation tumor model of HCC in mice. Conclusion These findings provide more insights into the immunomodulatory roles of HSCs in HCC progression and indicate that modulation of the C3 pathway might be a novel therapeutic approach for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Department of Physiology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, People's Republic of China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen 361023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Department of Physiology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqiong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Department of Physiology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Department of Physiology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yi
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Department of Physiology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, People's Republic of China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen 361023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyue Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Department of Physiology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Department of Physiology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangni Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, People's Republic of China
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46
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Piipponen M, Nissinen L, Riihilä P, Farshchian M, Kallajoki M, Peltonen J, Peltonen S, Kähäri VM. p53-Regulated Long Noncoding RNA PRECSIT Promotes Progression of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma via STAT3 Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 190:503-517. [PMID: 31837949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as putative biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer. The role of lncRNA LINC00346 in cutaneous squamous carcinoma (cSCC) was examined. The expression of LINC00346 was up-regulated in cSCC cells compared with normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Elevated expression of LINC00346 was noted in tumor cells in cSCC tissue sections in vivo, as compared with cSCC in situ, and actinic keratosis by RNA in situ hybridization; and the expression in seborrheic keratosis and normal skin was very low. Immunohistochemical analysis of cSCC tissue sections and functional assays of cSCC cells in culture showed that LINC00346 expression is down-regulated by p53. Knockdown of LINC00346 inhibited invasion of cSCC cells in culture and suppressed growth of human cSCC xenografts in vivo. Knockdown of LINC00346 inhibited expression of activated STAT3 and resulted in down-regulation of the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, MMP-10, and MMP-13. Based on these observations LINC00346 was named p53 regulated carcinoma-associated STAT3-activating long intergenic non-protein coding transcript (PRECSIT). These results identify PRECSIT as a new p53-regulated lncRNA, which promotes progression of cSCC via STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Piipponen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Cancer Research Laboratory, Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Cancer Research Laboratory, Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Cancer Research Laboratory, Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mehdi Farshchian
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Kallajoki
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Peltonen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirkku Peltonen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Cancer Research Laboratory, Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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47
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Roumenina LT, Daugan MV, Petitprez F, Sautès-Fridman C, Fridman WH. Context-dependent roles of complement in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:698-715. [PMID: 31666715 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) highly influences the growth and spread of tumours, thus impacting the patient's clinical outcome. In this context, the complement system plays a major and complex role. It may either act to kill antibody-coated tumour cells, support local chronic inflammation or hamper antitumour T cell responses favouring tumour progression. Recent studies demonstrate that these opposing effects are dependent upon the sites of complement activation, the composition of the TME and the tumour cell sensitivity to complement attack. In this Review, we present the evidence that has so far accrued showing a role for complement activation and its effects on cancer control and clinical outcome under different TME contexts. We also include a new analysis of the publicly available transcriptomic data to provide an overview of the prognostic value of complement gene expression in 30 cancer types. We argue that the interplay of complement components within each cancer type is unique, governed by the properties of the tumour cells and the TME. This concept is of critical importance for the design of efficient therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting complement components and their signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubka T Roumenina
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Marie V Daugan
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florent Petitprez
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Wolf Herman Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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48
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Riihilä P, Nissinen L, Knuutila J, Rahmati Nezhad P, Viiklepp K, Kähäri VM. Complement System in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143550. [PMID: 31331124 PMCID: PMC6678994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal keratinocyte-derived cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common metastatic skin cancer with high mortality rates in the advanced stage. Chronic inflammation is a recognized risk factor for cSCC progression and the complement system, as a part of innate immunity, belongs to the microenvironment of tumors. The complement system is a double-edged sword in cancer, since complement activation is involved in anti-tumor cytotoxicity and immune responses, but it also promotes cancer progression directly and indirectly. Recently, the role of several complement components and inhibitors in the regulation of progression of cSCC has been shown. In this review, we will discuss the role of complement system components and inhibitors as biomarkers and potential new targets for therapeutic intervention in cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Knuutila
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pegah Rahmati Nezhad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Kristina Viiklepp
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
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Mangogna A, Agostinis C, Bonazza D, Belmonte B, Zacchi P, Zito G, Romano A, Zanconati F, Ricci G, Kishore U, Bulla R. Is the Complement Protein C1q a Pro- or Anti-tumorigenic Factor? Bioinformatics Analysis Involving Human Carcinomas. Front Immunol 2019; 10:865. [PMID: 31130944 PMCID: PMC6509152 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
C1q is the first subcomponent of the classical pathway of the complement system and belongs to the C1q/Tumor Necrosis Factor superfamily. C1q can perform a diverse range of immune and non-immune functions in a complement-dependent as well as -independent manner. Being a pattern recognition molecule of the innate immunity, C1q can recognize a number of self, non-self and altered-self ligands and bring about effector mechanisms designed to clear pathogens via opsonisation and inflammatory response. C1q is locally synthesized by macrophages and dendritic cells, and thus, can get involved in a range of biological processes, such as angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, immune modulation, and immunologic tolerance. The notion of C1q involvement in the pathogenesis of cancer is still evolving. C1q appears to have a dual role in cancer: tumor promoting as well as tumor-protective, depending on the context of the disease. In the current study, we performed a bioinformatics analysis to investigate whether C1q can serve as a potential prognostic marker for human carcinoma. We used the Oncomine database and the survival analysis platforms Kaplan-Meier plotter. Our results showed that high levels of C1q have a favorable prognostic index in basal-like breast cancer for disease-free survival, and in HER2-positive breast cancer for overall survival, while it showed a pro-tumorigenic role of C1q in lung adenocarcinoma, and in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. This in silico study, if validated via a retrospective study, can be a step forward in establishing C1q as a new tool as a prognostic biomarker for various carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Agostinis
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Deborah Bonazza
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Zacchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriella Zito
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Romano
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Bulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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50
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Pio R, Ajona D, Ortiz-Espinosa S, Mantovani A, Lambris JD. Complementing the Cancer-Immunity Cycle. Front Immunol 2019; 10:774. [PMID: 31031765 PMCID: PMC6473060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell responses has set a new direction for cancer immunotherapy. Neutralizing antibodies targeting immune checkpoint programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1) have been particularly successful for tumor types with limited therapeutic options such as melanoma and lung cancer. However, reactivation of T cells is only one step toward tumor elimination, and a substantial fraction of patients fails to respond to these therapies. In this context, combination therapies targeting more than one of the steps of the cancer-immune cycle may provide significant benefits. To find the best combinations, it is of upmost importance to understand the interplay between cancer cells and all the components of the immune response. This review focuses on the elements of the complement system that come into play in the cancer-immunity cycle. The complement system, an essential part of innate immunity, has emerged as a major regulator of cancer immunity. Complement effectors such as C1q, anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, and their receptors C3aR and C5aR1, have been associated with tolerogenic cell death and inhibition of antitumor T-cell responses through the recruitment and/or activation of immunosuppressive cell subpopulations such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), or M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Evidence is provided to support the idea that complement blocks many of the effector routes associated with the cancer-immunity cycle, providing the rationale for new therapeutic combinations aimed to enhance the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Pio
- Program in Solid Tumors (CIMA) and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (School of Medicine), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Ajona
- Program in Solid Tumors (CIMA) and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (School of Medicine), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Ortiz-Espinosa
- Program in Solid Tumors (CIMA) and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (School of Medicine), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John D. Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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