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Corsi-Zuelli F, Deakin B, de Lima MHF, Qureshi O, Barnes NM, Upthegrove R, Louzada-Junior P, Del-Ben CM. T regulatory cells as a potential therapeutic target in psychosis? Current challenges and future perspectives. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 17:100330. [PMID: 34661175 PMCID: PMC7611834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported that patients with psychosis, even before drug treatment, have mildly raised levels of blood cytokines relative to healthy controls. In contrast, there is a remarkable scarcity of studies investigating the cellular basis of immune function and cytokine changes in psychosis. The few flow-cytometry studies have been limited to counting the proportion of the major classes of monocyte and lymphocytes without distinguishing their pro- and anti-inflammatory subsets. Moreover, most of the investigations are cross-sectional and conducted with patients on long-term medication. These features make it difficult to eliminate confounding of illness-related changes by lifestyle factors, disease duration, and long exposure to antipsychotics. This article focuses on regulatory T cells (Tregs), cornerstone immune cells that regulate innate and adaptive immune forces and neuro-immune interactions between astrocytes and microglia. Tregs are also implicated in cardio-metabolic disorders that are common comorbidities of psychosis. We have recently proposed that Tregs are hypofunctional ('h-Tregs') in psychosis driven by our clinical findings and other independent research. Our h-Treg-glial imbalance hypothesis offers a new account for the co-occurrence of systemic immune dysregulation and mechanisms of psychosis development. This article extends our recent review, the h-Treg hypothesis, to cover new discoveries on Treg-based therapies from pre-clinical findings and their clinical implications. We provide a detailed characterisation of Treg studies in psychosis, identifying important methodological limitations and perspectives for scientific innovation. The outcomes presented in this article reaffirms our proposed h-Treg state in psychosis and reveals emerging preclinical research suggesting the potential benefit of Treg-enhancing therapies. There is a clear need for longitudinal studies conducted with drug-naïve or minimally treated patients using more sophisticated techniques of flow-cytometry, CyTOF expression markers, and in vitro co-culture assays to formally test the suppressive capacity of Tregs. Investment in Treg research offers major potential benefits in targeting emerging immunomodulatory treatment modalities on person-specific immune dysregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
- Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases – CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, 14048-900, Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bill Deakin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Mikhael Haruo Fernandes de Lima
- Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases – CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Omar Qureshi
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Celentyx Ltd, Birmingham Research Park, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2SQ, UK
| | - Nicholas M. Barnes
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Prichatts Rd, Edgbaston, B152TT, UK
- Birmingham Early Intervention Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, B4 6NH, UK
| | - Paulo Louzada-Junior
- Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases – CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Cristina Marta Del-Ben
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
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Meyer A, Yan S, Golumba-Nagy V, Esser RL, Barbarino V, Blakemore SJ, Rusyn L, Nikiforov A, Seeger-Nukpezah T, Grüll H, Pallasch CP, Kofler DM. Kinase activity profiling reveals contribution of G-protein signaling modulator 2 deficiency to impaired regulatory T cell migration in rheumatoid arthritis. J Autoimmun 2021; 124:102726. [PMID: 34555678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability of regulatory T (Treg) cells to migrate into inflammatory sites is reduced in autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The reasons for impaired Treg cell migration remain largely unknown. We performed multiplex human kinase activity arrays to explore possible differences in the post-translational phosphorylation status of kinase related proteins that could account for altered Treg cell migration in RA. Results were verified by migration assays and Western blot analysis of CD4+ T cells from RA patients and from mice with collagen type II induced arthritis. Kinome profiling of CD4+ T cells from RA patients revealed significantly altered post-translational phosphorylation of kinase related proteins, including G-protein-signaling modulator 2 (GPSM2), protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) and vitronectin precursor (VTNC). These proteins have not been associated with RA until now. We found that GPSM2 expression is reduced in CD4+ T cells from RA patients and is significantly downregulated in experimental autoimmune arthritis following immunization of mice with collagen type II. Interestingly, GPSM2 acts as a promoter of Treg cell migration in healthy individuals. Treatment of RA patients with interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) blocking antibodies restores GPSM2 expression, thereby improving Treg cell migration. Our study highlights the potential of multiplex kinase activity arrays as a tool for the identification of RA-related proteins which could serve as targets for novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Meyer
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shuaifeng Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Viktoria Golumba-Nagy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruth L Esser
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Verena Barbarino
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stuart J Blakemore
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Rusyn
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Germany; Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anastasia Nikiforov
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Germany; Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamina Seeger-Nukpezah
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Germany; Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Grüll
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian P Pallasch
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David M Kofler
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Lightbourn CO, Wolf D, Copsel SN, Wang Y, Pfeiffer BJ, Barreras H, Bader CS, Komanduri KV, Perez VL, Levy RB. Use of Post-transplant Cyclophosphamide Treatment to Build a Tolerance Platform to Prevent Liquid and Solid Organ Allograft Rejection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636789. [PMID: 33737937 PMCID: PMC7962410 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal transplantation (CT) is the most frequent type of solid organ transplant (SOT) performed worldwide. Unfortunately, immunological rejection is the primary cause of graft failure for CT and therefore advances in immune regulation to induce tolerance remains an unmet medical need. Recently, our work and others in pre-clinical studies found that cyclophosphamide (Cy) administered after (“post-transplant,” PTCy) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), i.e., liquid transplants is effective for graft vs. host disease prophylaxis and enhances overall survival. Importantly, within the past 10 years, PTCy has been widely adopted for clinical HSCT and the results at many centers have been extremely encouraging. The present studies found that Cy can be effectively employed to prolong the survival of SOT, specifically mouse corneal allografts. The results demonstrated that the timing of PTCy administration is critical for these CT and distinct from the kinetics employed following allogeneic HSCT. PTCy was observed to interfere with neovascularization, a process critically associated with immune rejection of corneal tissue that ensues following the loss of ocular “immune privilege.” PTCy has the potential to delete or directly suppress allo-reactive T cells and treatment here was shown to diminish T cell rejection responses. These PTCy doses were observed to spare significant levels of CD4+ FoxP3+ (Tregs) which were found to be functional and could readily receive stimulating signals leading to their in vivo expansion via TNFRSF25 and CD25 agonists. In total, we posit future studies can take advantage of Cy based platforms to generate combinatorial strategies for long-term tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey O Lightbourn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Dietlinde Wolf
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sabrina N Copsel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Brent J Pfeiffer
- Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Henry Barreras
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Cameron S Bader
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Krishna V Komanduri
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Victor L Perez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Foster Center for Ocular Immunology at Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Robert B Levy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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Guo Y, Shi J, Wang Q, Hong L, Chen M, Liu S, Yuan X, Jiang S. Metformin alleviates allergic airway inflammation and increases Treg cells in obese asthma. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2279-2284. [PMID: 33421348 PMCID: PMC7882927 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the morbidity and severity of asthma, with poor sensitivity to corticosteroid treatment. Metformin has potential effects on improving asthma airway inflammation. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in suppressing the immunoreaction to allergens. We built an obese asthmatic mouse model by administering a high-fat diet (HFD) and ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization, with daily metformin treatment. We measured the body weight and airway inflammatory status by histological analysis, qRT-PCR, and ELISA. The percentage of Tregs was measured by flow cytometry. Obese asthmatic mice displayed more severe airway inflammation and more significant changes in inflammatory cytokines. Metformin reversed the obese situation and alleviated the airway inflammation and remodelling with increased Tregs and related transcript factors. The anti-inflammatory function of metformin may be mediated by increasing Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Second University Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University Second University Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianting Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Second University Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University Second University Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiujie Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Second University Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University Second University Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luna Hong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Second University Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University Second University Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Second University Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University Second University Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanying Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University Second University Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Center of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Second University Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University Second University Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanping Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Second University Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University Second University Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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