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Hales D, Bogdan C, Tefas LR, Cornilă A, Chiver MA, Tomuță I, Casian T, Iovanov R, Katona G, Ambrus R, Iurian S. Exploring Vacuum Compression Molding as a Preparation Method for Flexible-Dose Pediatric Orodispersible Films. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:934. [PMID: 39065784 PMCID: PMC11280104 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, solid dosage forms have gained interest in pediatric therapy because they can provide valuable benefits in terms of dose accuracy and stability. Particularly for orodispersible films (ODFs), the literature evidences increased acceptability and dose flexibility. Among the various available technologies for obtaining ODFs, such as solvent casting, hot-melt extrusion, and ink printing technologies, the solvent-free preparation methods exhibit significant advantages. This study investigated Vacuum Compression Molding (VCM) as a solvent-free manufacturing method for the preparation of flexible-dose pediatric orodispersible films. The experimental approach focused on selecting the appropriate plasticizer and ratios of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, diclofenac sodium, followed by the study of their impacts on the mechanical properties, disintegration time, and drug release profile of the ODFs. Additional investigations were performed to obtain insights regarding the solid-state properties. The ODFs obtained by VCM displayed adequate quality in terms of their critical characteristics. Therefore, this proof-of-concept study shows how VCM could be utilized as a standalone method for the production of small-scale ODFs, enabling the customization of doses to meet the individual needs of pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Hales
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș St, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.H.); (L.R.T.); (A.C.); (M.-A.C.); (I.T.); (T.C.); (R.I.); (S.I.)
| | - Cătălina Bogdan
- Department of Dermopharmacy and Cosmetology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 Ion Creangă St, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucia Ruxandra Tefas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș St, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.H.); (L.R.T.); (A.C.); (M.-A.C.); (I.T.); (T.C.); (R.I.); (S.I.)
| | - Andreea Cornilă
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș St, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.H.); (L.R.T.); (A.C.); (M.-A.C.); (I.T.); (T.C.); (R.I.); (S.I.)
| | - Maria-Andreea Chiver
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș St, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.H.); (L.R.T.); (A.C.); (M.-A.C.); (I.T.); (T.C.); (R.I.); (S.I.)
| | - Ioan Tomuță
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș St, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.H.); (L.R.T.); (A.C.); (M.-A.C.); (I.T.); (T.C.); (R.I.); (S.I.)
| | - Tibor Casian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș St, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.H.); (L.R.T.); (A.C.); (M.-A.C.); (I.T.); (T.C.); (R.I.); (S.I.)
| | - Rareș Iovanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș St, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.H.); (L.R.T.); (A.C.); (M.-A.C.); (I.T.); (T.C.); (R.I.); (S.I.)
| | - Gábor Katona
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eotvos u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eotvos u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Sonia Iurian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș St, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.H.); (L.R.T.); (A.C.); (M.-A.C.); (I.T.); (T.C.); (R.I.); (S.I.)
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Wdowiak K, Tajber L, Miklaszewski A, Cielecka-Piontek J. Sweeteners Show a Plasticizing Effect on PVP K30-A Solution for the Hot-Melt Extrusion of Fixed-Dose Amorphous Curcumin-Hesperetin Solid Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:659. [PMID: 38794322 PMCID: PMC11124940 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The co-administration of curcumin and hesperetin might be beneficial in terms of neuroprotective activity; therefore, in this study, we attempted to develop a fixed-dose formulation comprising these two compounds in an amorphous state. The aim of obtaining an amorphous state was to overcome the limitations of the low solubility of the active compounds. First, we assessed the possibility of using popular sweeteners (erythritol, xylitol, and sorbitol) as plasticizers to reduce the glass transition temperature of PVP K30 to prepare the polymer-excipient blends, which allowed the preparation of amorphous solid dispersions via hot-melt extrusion at a temperature below the original glass transition of PVP K30. Erythritol proved to be the superior plasticizer. Then, we focused on the development of fixed-dose amorphous solid dispersions of curcumin and hesperetin. Powder X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis confirmed the amorphous character of dispersions, whereas infrared spectroscopy helped to assess the presence of intermolecular interactions. The amorphous state of the produced dispersions was maintained for 6 months, as shown in a stability study. Pharmaceutical parameters such as dissolution rate, solubility, and in vitro permeability through artificial membranes were evaluated. The best improvement in these features was noted for the dispersion, which contained 15% of the total content of the active compounds with erythritol used as the plasticizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wdowiak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Lidia Tajber
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Andrzej Miklaszewski
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawla II 24, 61-138 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
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Kim HS, Noh MH, White EM, Kandefer MV, Wright AF, Datta D, Lim HG, Smiggs E, Locklin JJ, Rahman MA, Feist AM, Pokorski JK. Biocomposite thermoplastic polyurethanes containing evolved bacterial spores as living fillers to facilitate polymer disintegration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3338. [PMID: 38688899 PMCID: PMC11061138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of hybrid engineered living materials seeks to pair living organisms with synthetic materials to generate biocomposite materials with augmented function since living systems can provide highly-programmable and complex behavior. Engineered living materials have typically been fabricated using techniques in benign aqueous environments, limiting their application. In this work, biocomposite fabrication is demonstrated in which spores from polymer-degrading bacteria are incorporated into a thermoplastic polyurethane using high-temperature melt extrusion. Bacteria are engineered using adaptive laboratory evolution to improve their heat tolerance to ensure nearly complete cell survivability during manufacturing at 135 °C. Furthermore, the overall tensile properties of spore-filled thermoplastic polyurethanes are substantially improved, resulting in a significant improvement in toughness. The biocomposites facilitate disintegration in compost in the absence of a microbe-rich environment. Finally, embedded spores demonstrate a rationally programmed function, expressing green fluorescent protein. This research provides a scalable method to fabricate advanced biocomposite materials in industrially-compatible processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sol Kim
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Myung Hyun Noh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30 Jongga-ro, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Evan M White
- New Materials Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | | | - Austin F Wright
- New Materials Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Debika Datta
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hyun Gyu Lim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ethan Smiggs
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jason J Locklin
- New Materials Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Md Arifur Rahman
- Thermoplastic Polyurethane Research, BASF Corporation, 1609 Biddle Ave., Wyandotte, MI, 48192, USA.
| | - Adam M Feist
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Han J, Tang M, Yang Y, Sun W, Yue Z, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Liu X, Wang J. Amorphous solid dispersions: Stability mechanism, design strategy and key production technique of hot melt extrusion. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123490. [PMID: 37805146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Solid dispersion (SD) system has been used as an effective formulation strategy to increase in vitro and in vivo performances of poorly water-soluble drugs, such as solubility/dissolution, stability and bioavailability. This review provides a comprehensive SD classification and identifies the most popular amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Meanwhile, this review further puts forward the systematic design strategy of satisfactory ASDs in terms of drug properties, carrier selection, preparation methods and stabilization mechanisms. In addition, hot melt extrusion (HME) as the continuous manufacturing technique is described including the principle and structure of HME instrument, key process parameters and production application, in order to guide the scale-up of ASDs and develop more ASD products to the market in pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Han
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China; Changzhou Pharmaceutical Factory Co., LTD, Changzhou 213018, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Tang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Wen Sun
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Zhimin Yue
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Yunran Zhang
- Changzhou Pharmaceutical Factory Co., LTD, Changzhou 213018, PR China
| | - Yijun Zhu
- Changzhou Pharmaceutical Factory Co., LTD, Changzhou 213018, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China.
| | - Jue Wang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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Polonini HC, Ferreira AO, Raposo NRB, da Silva PJLC, Brandão MAF. Compatibility Assessment of Novel Orodispersible Film Vehicle for Personalized Medicine with Selected Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1565. [PMID: 38003880 PMCID: PMC10672364 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Orodispersible films (ODFs) are solid pharmaceutical forms for rapid local or systemic release of active ingredients. They are formed by a water-soluble polymer film that hydrates rapidly, adhering and dissolving immediately when placed on the tongue or in the oral cavity. In this paper, we describe the compatibility and disintegration times of compounded ODFs using OrPhylloTM, a new ready-to-use-vehicle, and APIs from different pharmacological classes, such as 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) 50 mg, bromopride 5 mg, coenzyme Q10 20 mg, melatonin 3 mg, resveratrol 5 mg, tadalafil 10 mg, vitamin B12 1 mg, or vitamin D3 2000 UI. ODFs were compounded and, subsequently, the samples were assayed using HPLC at initial (t = 0), 7 days (t = 7), 14 days (t = 14), 30 days (t = 30), 60 days (t = 60), 90 days (t = 90), 120 days (t = 120), 150 days (t = 150), and 180 days (t = 180) after compounding. Given the percentage of recovery of the APIs within the films, the beyond-use date of the final products (API + vehicle) was at least 90 days for vitamin D3, 150 days for bromopride and 5-HTP, and 180 days for coenzyme Q10, tadalafil, vitamin B12, resveratrol, and melatonin, when stored at room temperature. The average disintegration time was 46.22 s. This suggests that the OrPhylloTM vehicle is suitable for compounding ODFs with APIs from different pharmacological classes, with good compatibility and fast disintegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson C. Polonini
- Fagron BV, Fascinatio Boulevard 350, 3065 WB Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Nádia R. B. Raposo
- Research and Innovation Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora 36038, MG, Brazil; (N.R.B.R.); (P.J.L.C.d.S.); (M.A.F.B.)
| | - Paulo José L. C. da Silva
- Research and Innovation Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora 36038, MG, Brazil; (N.R.B.R.); (P.J.L.C.d.S.); (M.A.F.B.)
| | - Marcos Antônio F. Brandão
- Research and Innovation Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora 36038, MG, Brazil; (N.R.B.R.); (P.J.L.C.d.S.); (M.A.F.B.)
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Palezi SC, Fernandes SS, Martins VG. Oral disintegration films: applications and production methods. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:2539-2548. [PMID: 37599841 PMCID: PMC10439052 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of orally disintegrating films (ODF) as a vehicle for the release of active compounds has drawn attention due to the advantages such as ease of swallowing, precise dosage, low thickness, flexibility, greater comfort and acceptability by the patient in relation to oral tablets, for do not require water for administration, it is ideal for people with difficulty in swallowing. In this review, recent advances in ODFs, their applications and production methods will be presented. The production of ODFs uses polymers, plasticizers and active compounds. Among the compounds added to the film that can affect its properties, the polymer used has a strong influence on the disintegration time and on the controlled release of active principles. Polymers used for the production of oral films must be non-toxic, have good wettability and spreadability, and may be of synthetic or natural origin. Regarding the methods used in the production of ODFs, those currently used are solvent evaporation and hot extrusion. However, one of the great challenges for the production of oral films is the scale up, from laboratory to industrial scale, as factors such as heating, mixing speed and temperatures can lead to changes in film quality. Recently, ODFs have been developed as carriers of natural compounds such as vitamins, phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Thus, it was found that orally disintegrating films are an alternative for the release of active compounds, different from those already existing, which justifies the growing interest in this type of film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Canabarro Palezi
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Avenida Itália km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS 96203900 Brazil
| | - Sibele Santos Fernandes
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Avenida Itália km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS 96203900 Brazil
| | - Vilásia Guimarães Martins
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Avenida Itália km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS 96203900 Brazil
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Buccal films: A review of therapeutic opportunities, formulations & relevant evaluation approaches. J Control Release 2022; 352:1071-1092. [PMID: 36351519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The potential of the mucoadhesive film technology is hard to ignore, owing to perceived superior patient acceptability versus buccal tablets, and significant therapeutic opportunities compared to conventional oral drug delivery systems, especially for those who suffer from dysphagia. In spite of this, current translation from published literature into the commercial marketplace is virtually non-existent, with no authorised mucoadhesive buccal films available in the UK and very few available in the USA. This review seeks to provide an overview of the mucoadhesive buccal film technology and identify key areas upon which to focus scientific efforts to facilitate the wider adoption of this patient-centric dosage form. Several indications and opportunities for development were identified, while discussing the patient-related factors influencing the use of these dosage forms. In addition, an overview of the technologies behind the manufacturing of these films was provided, highlighting manufacturing methods like solvent casting, hot melt extrusion, inkjet printing and three-dimensional printing. Over thirty mucoadhesive polymers were identified as being used in film formulations, with details surrounding their mucoadhesive capabilities as well as their inclusion alongside other key formulation constituents provided. Lastly, the importance of physiologically relevant in vitro evaluation methodologies was emphasised, which seek to improve in vivo correlations, potentially leading to better translation of mucoadhesive buccal films from the literature into the commercial marketplace.
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Palatable Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride Solid Dispersed Fast-Dissolving Films: Formulation and In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization. ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:1552602. [PMID: 36479553 PMCID: PMC9722282 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1552602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important issues for bitter-tasting drugs such as levocetirizine dihydrochloride (LCD) is the production of palatable dosage forms. LCD also has a delayed onset of action following oral administration. In this study, solid dispersed fast-dissolving films (FDFs) of LCD using the solvent casting method for oral application were prepared and evaluated. The FDF is composed of HPMC as the film forming polymer and different types of superdisintegrants (sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, or crospovidone). FDF containing crospovidone showed the highest percentage release of the drug (100.54% ± 1.47 within 3 min.) and was chosen for fabricating into palatable solid dispersed FDFs using different ratios of gelatine. The results of Raman and FTIR revealed that the drug's crystalline structure has been disrupted, and the drug has intermolecular hydrogen bonds with gelatine. The solid dispersed FDF (LF-7), which contained the drug in the form of a 1 : 1 solid dispersion with gelatine, showed a rapid in vitro disintegration (25 seconds) and a burst release of the drug (99.22% ± 2.22 within one min). The in vivo studies were conducted on human participants and showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in disintegration time (9.43 ± 2.16 sec.) and higher taste masking ability of the solid dispersed FDF (LF-7) compared to the nonsolid dispersed FDF (LF-4). The stability studies indicated that the prepared FDF remained stable over three months. Overall, FDFs of levocetirizine dihydrochloride with a palatable and rapid onset of action were developed to relieve allergic symptoms.
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Investigation of Patient-Centric 3D-Printed Orodispersible Films Containing Amorphous Aripiprazole. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070895. [PMID: 35890191 PMCID: PMC9319750 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to design and evaluate an orodispersible film (ODF) composed of aripiprazole (ARP), prepared using a conventional solvent casting technique, and to fuse a three-dimensional (3D) printing technique with a hot-melt extrusion (HME) filament. Klucel® LF (hydroxypropyl cellulose, HPC) and PE-05JPS® (polyvinyl alcohol, PVA) were used as backbone polymers for 3D printing and solvent casting. HPC-, PVA-, and ARP-loaded filaments were applied for 3D printing using HME. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of the 3D printing filaments and films were optimized based on the composition of the polymers and the processing parameters. The crystalline states of drug and drug-loaded formulations were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The dissolution and disintegration of the 3D-printed films were faster than those of solvent-cast films. HPC-3D printed film was fully disintegrated within 45 ± 3.5 s. The dissolution rate of HPC films reached 80% within 30 min at pH 1.2 and pH 4.0 USP buffer. There was a difference in the dissolution rate of about 5 to 10% compared to PVA films at the same sampling time. The root mean square of the roughness (Rq) values of each sample were evaluated using atomic force microscopy. The higher the Rq value, the rougher the surface, and the larger the surface area, the more salivary fluid penetrated the film, resulting in faster drug release and disintegration. Specifically, The HPC 3D-printed film showed the highest Rq value (102.868 nm) and average surface roughness (85.007 nm). The puncture strength of 3D-printed films had desirable strength with HPC (0.65 ± 0.27 N/mm2) and PVA (0.93 ± 0.15 N/mm2) to prevent deformation compared to those of marketed film products (over 0.34 N/mm2). In conclusion, combining polymer selection and 3D printing technology could innovatively design ODFs composed of ARP to solve the unmet medical needs of psychiatric patients.
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Zhang W, Xiao C, Xiao Y, Tian B, Gao D, Fan W, Li G, He S, Zhai G. An overview of in vitro dissolution testing for film dosage forms. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Özcan Bülbül E, Üstündağ Okur N, Mısırlı D, Cevher E, Tsanaktsis V, Bingöl Özakpınar Ö, Siafaka PI. Applying quality by design approach for the determination of potent paclitaxel loaded poly(lactic acid) based implants for localized tumor drug delivery. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2067538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ece Özcan Bülbül
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Mısırlı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdal Cevher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vasilios Tsanaktsis
- Faculty of Sciences, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Panoraia I. Siafaka
- School of Health Studies, KES College, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Assessment of the Extrusion Process and Printability of Suspension-Type Drug-Loaded Affinisol TM Filaments for 3D Printing. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040871. [PMID: 35456703 PMCID: PMC9027497 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology enables the design of new drug delivery systems for personalised medicine. Polymers that can be molten are needed to obtain extruded filaments for Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), one of the most frequently employed techniques for 3D printing. The aim of this work was to evaluate the extrusion process and the physical appearance of filaments made of a hydrophilic polymer and a non-molten model drug. Metformin was used as model drug and Affinisol™ 15LV as the main carrier. Drug-loaded filaments were obtained by using a single-screw extruder and, subsequently, their printability was tested. Blends containing up to a 60% and 50% drug load with 5% and 7.5% of auxiliary excipients, respectively, were successfully extruded. Between the obtained filaments, those containing up to 50% of the drug were suitable for use in FDM 3D printing. The studied parameters, including residence time, flow speed, brittleness, and fractal dimension, reflect a critical point in the extrusion process at between 30-40% drug load. This finding could be essential for understanding the behaviour of filaments containing a non-molten component.
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Gupta MS, Gowda DV, Kumar TP, Rosenholm JM. A Comprehensive Review of Patented Technologies to Fabricate Orodispersible Films: Proof of Patent Analysis (2000–2020). Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040820. [PMID: 35456654 PMCID: PMC9031760 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Orodispersible films (ODFs)are ultra-thin, stamp-sized, rapidly disintegrating, and attractive oral drug delivery dosage forms best suited for the pediatric and geriatric patient populations. They can be fabricated by different techniques, but the most popular, simple, and industrially applicable technique is the solvent casting method (SCM). In addition, they can also be fabricated by extrusion, printing, electrospinning, and by a combination of these technologies (e.g., SCM + printing). The present review is aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of patented technologies of the last two decades to fabricate ODFs. Through this review, we present evidence to adamantly confirm that SCM is the most popular method while electrospinning is the most recent and upcoming method to fabricate ODFs. We also speculate around the more patent-protected technologies especially in the domain of printing (two or three-dimensional), extrusion (ram or hot-melt extrusion), and electrospinning, or a combination of the methods thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Suresh Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore 570015, India; (D.V.G.); (T.P.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-99-4549-0571
| | - Devegowda Vishakante Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore 570015, India; (D.V.G.); (T.P.K.)
| | - Tegginamath Pramod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore 570015, India; (D.V.G.); (T.P.K.)
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, ÅboAkademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
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14
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Orally Disintegrating Film of High-Dose BCS II Drug by Hot Melt Extrusion through Design of Experiment. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Morath B, Sauer S, Zaradzki M, Wagner A. TEMPORARY REMOVAL: Orodispersible films – Recent developments and new applications in drug delivery and therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 200:115036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Švára D, Kopřivová B, Picek T, Mikeš P, Kluk A, Šoóš M. The impact of the lamination pressure on the properties of electrospinned nanofibrous films. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 173:106170. [PMID: 35367572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to explore the preparation of nanofibrous orally dispersible films (ODFs) by needleless electrospinning from the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) Tadalafil using particles suspended in a solution of polymers and other excipients. The prepared films were characterized by a combination of scanning electron microscopy, mechanical tests, measurements of the disintegration time and dissolution characteristic, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of lamination pressures in the range of 0 to 5 bars combined with films at various relative humidity values on the mechanical properties of the ODF. An increase in lamination pressure resulted in higher Young's modulus values, with the maximum value observed for a sample laminated at a pressure of 5 bar and the maximum stress and strain of the prepared ODF at a lamination pressure of 1.2 bar. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the disintegration time with increase in lamination pressure. The disintegration time ranged from 0.35 s for non-laminated samples to 12 s for samples laminated at a pressure of 5 bar. On the contrary, the lamination pressure did not reveal to have any impact on the dissolution kinetics. These results confirmed that the lamination pressure can improve the processability of ODFs without affecting the API dissolution kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Švára
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Kopřivová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Picek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mikeš
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Kluk
- Zentiva, k.s., U kabelovny 130, Prague 10, Prague 102 00, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šoóš
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Prague, Czech Republic.
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17
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de Assis JMC, Barbosa EJ, Bezzon VDN, Lourenço FR, Carvalho FMS, Matos JR, Araci Bou-Chacra N, Benmore CJ, Byrn SR, Costa FN, de Araujo GLB. Hot-melt extrudability of amorphous solid dispersions of flubendazole-copovidone: An exploratory study of the effect of drug loading and the balance of adjuvants on extrudability and dissolution. Int J Pharm 2022; 614:121456. [PMID: 35017024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The FDA-approved anthelmintic flubendazole has shown potential to be repositioned to treat cancer and dry macular degeneration; however, its poor water solubility limits its use. Amorphous solid dispersions may overcome this challenge, but the balance of excipients may impact the preparation method and drug release. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of adjuvants and drug loading on the development of an amorphous solid dispersion of flubendazole-copovidone by hot-melt extrusion. The drug, copovidone, and adjuvants (magnesium stearate and hydroxypropyl cellulose) mixtures were statistically designed, and the process was performed in a twin-screw extruder. The study showed that flubendazole and copovidone mixtures were highly extrudable, except when drug loading was high (>40%). Furthermore, magnesium stearate positively impacted the extrusion and was more effective than hydroxypropyl cellulose. The extruded materials were evaluated by modulated differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction, obtaining positive amorphization and physical stability results. Pair distribution function analysis indicated the presence of drug-rich domains with medium-range order structure and no evidence of polymer-drug interaction. All extrudates presented faster dissolution (HCl, pH 1.2) than pure flubendazole, and both adjuvants had a notable influence on the dissolution rate. In conclusion, hot-melt extrusion may be a viable option to obtain stable flubendazole:copovidone amorphous dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M C de Assis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J Barbosa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinícius D N Bezzon
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210580, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe R Lourenço
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavio M S Carvalho
- Geosciences Institute, Department of Mineralogy and Geotectonics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-08, SP, Brazil
| | - J R Matos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nadia Araci Bou-Chacra
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Chris J Benmore
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, IL, 60439, United States
| | - Stephen R Byrn
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States
| | - Fanny N Costa
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX110DE, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel L B de Araujo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil.
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Gupta MS, Kumar TP, Gowda DV, Rosenholm JM. Orodispersible films: Conception to quality by design. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113983. [PMID: 34547323 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Orodispersible films (ODFs) are ultra-thin, stamp-sized, elegant, portable and patient-centric pharmaceutical dosage forms that do not need water to be ingested. They are particularly useful for paediatric and geriatric patient populations with special needs such as dysphagia, Parkinson's disease, and oral cancer. Accordingly, they hold tremendous potential in gaining patient compliance, convenience and pharmacotherapy. In the present review, conception and evolution of ODFs as a product and its technology are discussed. The review continues by providing overview about the potential of ODFs as carriers for delivering drugs, herbal extracts, probiotics and vaccines. Besides, strategies employed in drug cargo loading, taste masking of bitter drugs and enhancing drug stability are discussed. Finally, the review concludes by providing a brief overview about quality by design (QbD) principles in development of ODFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Suresh Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore 570 015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Tegginamath Pramod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Devegowda Vishkante Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
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19
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Machine Learning for Process Monitoring and Control of Hot-Melt Extrusion: Current State of the Art and Future Directions. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091432. [PMID: 34575508 PMCID: PMC8466632 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, hot-melt extrusion (HME) has emerged as a rapidly growing technology in the pharmaceutical industry, due to its various advantages over other fabrication routes for drug delivery systems. After the introduction of the ‘quality by design’ (QbD) approach by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), many research studies have focused on implementing process analytical technology (PAT), including near-infrared (NIR), Raman, and UV–Vis, coupled with various machine learning algorithms, to monitor and control the HME process in real time. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the application of machine learning algorithms for HME processes, with a focus on pharmaceutical HME applications. The main current challenges in the application of machine learning algorithms for pharmaceutical processes are discussed, with potential future directions for the industry.
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20
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Gul I, Yunus U, Ajmal M, Bhatti MH, Chaudhry GES. Development of biodegradable thin films for efficient, specific and controlled delivery of capecitabine. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34375958 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac1c61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Capecitabine (CP) shows severe side effects because of early metabolism in stomach that affects the normal cells and organs, particularly liver and stomach. In this scope, we report the biocompatible, nontoxic polymeric thin films loaded with anti-cancer drug, CP for target specific, sublingual delivery of CP. Chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were used as biodegradable polymers alongwith glutaraldehyde (GLA) cross linker. CP-loaded thin films (TFCP1-TFCP5) were fabricated by solvent casting method. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of CP and polymers (CS and PVA) with GLA which binds through hydrogen bonding, and compatibility of drug with different excipients. Thermogravemetric analysis showed that the thin films are highly stable while differential scanning calorimeter thermograms confirmed the complete miscibility/entrapment of CP within PVA/CS thin film matrix. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the molecular ineractions between CP and polymer matrix. High degree of swelling index of thin films at pH 7.4 was observed in comparison to pH 5.5. CP release studies in acetate (pH 5.5) and phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) showed that the thin films swell and result in drug diffusion faster in phosphate buffer through diffusion governed by Higuchi's model. Cytotoxicity results displayed that CPTFs killed MCF-7 and T47D (human breast adenocarcinoma) cells more effectively as compared to CP alone. The results of adhesion assay also showed that the PVA and CS both are safe and biocompatible. TFCP1 and TFCP3 thin films efficiently induced the apoptosis as compared to CP alone. The improved ability of TFCP1 and TFCP3 to induce cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells reflects the potential of these thin films for targeted drug delivery. The CPTFs were stable for 4 months at 4 °C/60% ± 2%RH and 25 °C/70% ± 2%RH. In conclusion, the thin film formulations showed target specific controlled and burst release properties and thus could prove to be effective for human breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irum Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Yunus
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Gul-E-Saba Chaudhry
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala, Terengganu, Malaysia
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21
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Development, optimization and in-vivo evaluation of cyanocobalamin loaded orodispersible films using hot-melt extrusion technology: A quality by design (QbD) approach. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Roulon S, Soulairol I, Cazes M, Lemierre L, Payre N, Delbreilh L, Alié J. D-Sorbitol Physical Properties Effects on Filaments Used by 3D Printing Process for Personalized Medicine. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103000. [PMID: 34070087 PMCID: PMC8158342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a process used to manufacture oral forms adapted to the needs of patients. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) filaments were produced by hot melt extrusion (HME) to obtain a filament suitable for the production of amiodarone hydrochloride oral forms by FFF 3D printing. In order to produce personalized oral forms adapted to the patient characteristics, filaments used by FFF must be controlled in terms of mass homogeneity along filament. This work highlights the relation between filament mass homogeneity and its diameter. This is why the impact of filler excipients physical properties was studied. It has been showed that the particle’s size distribution of the filler can modify the filament diameter variability which has had an impact on the mass of oral forms produced by FFF. Through this work it was shown that D-Sorbitol from Carlo Erba allows to obtain a diameter variability of less than 2% due to its unique particle’s size distribution. Using the filament produced by HME and an innovating calibration method based on the filament length, it has been possible to carry out three dosages of 125 mg, 750 mg and 1000 mg by 3D printing with acceptable mass uniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Roulon
- Group of Materials Physics, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Normandie University, Av. Université, 76801 St Etienne du Rouvray, France
- Solid State Characterization and 3D Printing Laboratory, SMO-A Department, Sanofi R&D, 371 rue du Pr. Joseph Blayac, 34080 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (L.L.); (N.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (L.D.); (J.A.); Tel.: +336-2150-4482 (S.R.); +332-3295-5084 (L.D.); +334-9977-5896 (J.A.)
| | - Ian Soulairol
- Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, 30900 Nimes, France;
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Maxime Cazes
- Solid State Characterization and 3D Printing Laboratory, SMO-A Department, Sanofi R&D, 371 rue du Pr. Joseph Blayac, 34080 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (L.L.); (N.P.)
| | - Léna Lemierre
- Solid State Characterization and 3D Printing Laboratory, SMO-A Department, Sanofi R&D, 371 rue du Pr. Joseph Blayac, 34080 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (L.L.); (N.P.)
| | - Nicolas Payre
- Solid State Characterization and 3D Printing Laboratory, SMO-A Department, Sanofi R&D, 371 rue du Pr. Joseph Blayac, 34080 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (L.L.); (N.P.)
| | - Laurent Delbreilh
- Group of Materials Physics, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Normandie University, Av. Université, 76801 St Etienne du Rouvray, France
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (L.D.); (J.A.); Tel.: +336-2150-4482 (S.R.); +332-3295-5084 (L.D.); +334-9977-5896 (J.A.)
| | - Jean Alié
- Solid State Characterization and 3D Printing Laboratory, SMO-A Department, Sanofi R&D, 371 rue du Pr. Joseph Blayac, 34080 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (L.L.); (N.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (L.D.); (J.A.); Tel.: +336-2150-4482 (S.R.); +332-3295-5084 (L.D.); +334-9977-5896 (J.A.)
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23
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Dumpa N, Butreddy A, Wang H, Komanduri N, Bandari S, Repka MA. 3D printing in personalized drug delivery: An overview of hot-melt extrusion-based fused deposition modeling. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120501. [PMID: 33746011 PMCID: PMC8089048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in pharmaceutical technologies have led to the personalization of therapies over the last decade. Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is an emerging technique in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical dosage forms because of its potential to create complex and customized dosage forms according to the patient's needs. Among the various 3DP techniques based on different functioning mechanisms, fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing is a versatile and widely used method with advantages such as precision of quantity and the ability to incorporate different fill densities. This method is also economical and easily produces complex designs. Hot-melt extrusion (HME) is an established technique in pharmaceutical manufacturing that is utilized in the development of filaments which are used as "ink roll" or feedstock material in FDM 3D printing. This review discusses the various stages involved in FDM 3D printing, including feedstock filament preparation using HME, digital dosage form designs, filament characterization, and various novel applications, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagireddy Dumpa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Arun Butreddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Honghe Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Neeraja Komanduri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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24
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Gupta MS, Kumar TP, Davidson R, Kuppu GR, Pathak K, Gowda DV. Printing Methods in the Production of Orodispersible Films. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:129. [PMID: 33835297 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Orodispersible film (ODF) formulations are promising and progressive drug delivery systems that are widely accepted by subjects across all the age groups. They are traditionally fabricated using the most popular yet conventional method called solvent casting method. The most modern and evolving method is based on printing technologies and such printed products are generally termed as printed orodispersible films (POFs). This modern technology is well suited to fabricate ODFs across different settings (laboratory or industrial) in general and in a pharmacy setting in particular. The present review provides an overview of various printing methods employed in fabricating POFs. Particularly, it provides insight about preparing POFs using inkjet, flexographic, and three-dimensional printing (3DP) or additive manufacturing techniques like filament deposition modeling, hot-melt ram extrusion 3DP, and semisolid extrusion 3DP methods. Additionally, the review is focused on patenting trends in POFs using ESPACENET, a European Patent Office search database. Finally, the review captures future market potential of 3DP in general and ODFs market potential in particular.
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25
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Panraksa P, Tipduangta P, Jantanasakulwong K, Jantrawut P. Formulation of Orally Disintegrating Films as an Amorphous Solid Solution of a Poorly Water-Soluble Drug. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10120376. [PMID: 33261025 PMCID: PMC7759778 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to develop an orally disintegrating film (ODF) for a poorly water-soluble drug, phenytoin (PHT), using the cosolvent solubilization technique to achieve the amorphization of the drug, followed by the preparation of ODFs. Eleven formulations were prepared with different polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and high methoxyl pectin (HMP) by the solvent casting method. The prepared films were subjected to characterization for weight variations, thickness, surface pH, disintegration time and mechanical strength properties. Then, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction analysis and the drug release patterns of the selected films were evaluated. Among the prepared formulations, the formulation composed of 1% w/w of PVA, 0.04% w/w of sodium starch glycolate with polyethylene glycol 400, glycerin and water as cosolvents (PVA-S4) showed promising results. The physical appearance and mechanical strength properties were found to be good. The PVA-S4 film was clear and colorless with a smooth surface. The surface pH was found to be around 7.47 and the in vitro disintegration time was around 1.44 min. The drug content of the PVA-S4 film was 100.27%. X-ray diffractometry and thermal analysis confirmed the transition of phenytoin in the PVA-S4 film into a partially amorphous state during film preparation using the cosolvent solubilization approach. The resulting PVA-S4 film showed a higher dissolution rate in comparison to the film without a cosolvent. Overall, this study indicated the influence of cosolvents on enhancing the solubility of a poorly water-soluble drug and its film dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattaraporn Panraksa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Pratchaya Tipduangta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- Division of Packaging Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Pensak Jantrawut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.T.)
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +66-5394-4309
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26
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Dhaval M, Sharma S, Dudhat K, Chavda J. Twin-Screw Extruder in Pharmaceutical Industry: History, Working Principle, Applications, and Marketed Products: an In-depth Review. J Pharm Innov 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Deshkar S, Rathi M, Zambad S, Gandhi K. Hot Melt Extrusion and its Application in 3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 18:387-407. [PMID: 33176646 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817999201110193655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hot Melt Extrusion (HME) is a continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing process that has been extensively investigated for solubility improvement and taste masking of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Recently, it is being explored for its application in 3D printing. 3D printing of pharmaceuticals allows flexibility of dosage form design, customization of dosage form for personalized therapy and the possibility of complex designs with the inclusion of multiple actives in a single unit dosage form. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a 3D printing technique with a variety of applications in pharmaceutical dosage form development. FDM process requires a polymer filament as the starting material that can be obtained by hot melt extrusion. Recent reports suggest enormous applications of a combination of hot melt extrusion and FDM technology in 3D printing of pharmaceuticals and need to be investigated further. This review in detail describes the HME process, along with its application in 3D printing. The review also summarizes the published reports on the application of HME coupled with 3D printing technology in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevani Deshkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharamceutical Sciences and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| | - Mrunali Rathi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharamceutical Sciences and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| | - Shital Zambad
- ThinCR Technologies India Pvt Ltd, Rahatani, Pune, Maharashtra 411017, India
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Tan DK, Davis DA, Miller DA, Williams RO, Nokhodchi A. Innovations in Thermal Processing: Hot-Melt Extrusion and KinetiSol® Dispersing. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:312. [PMID: 33161479 PMCID: PMC7649167 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal processing has gained much interest in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly for the enhancement of solubility, bioavailability, and dissolution of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with poor aqueous solubility. Formulation scientists have developed various techniques which may include physical and chemical modifications to achieve solubility enhancement. One of the most commonly used methods for solubility enhancement is through the use of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Examples of commercialized ASDs include Kaletra®, Kalydeco®, and Onmel®. Various technologies produce ASDs; some of the approaches, such as spray-drying, solvent evaporation, and lyophilization, involve the use of solvents, whereas thermal approaches often do not require solvents. Processes that do not require solvents are usually preferred, as some solvents may induce toxicity due to residual solvents and are often considered to be damaging to the environment. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on recent innovations reported for using hot-melt extrusion and KinetiSol® Dispersing technologies to formulate poorly water-soluble APIs in amorphous solid dispersions. We will address development challenges for poorly water-soluble APIs and how these two processes meet these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deck Khong Tan
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Arundel Building, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Daniel A Davis
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Dave A Miller
- DisperSol Technologies, LLC, 111 W. Cooperative Way, Building 3, Suite 300, Georgetown, Texas, 78626, USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Arundel Building, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK.
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Screening of pharmaceutical polymers for extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of patient-tailored tablets. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Orodispersible Polymer Films with the Poorly Water-Soluble Drug, Olanzapine: Hot-Melt Pneumatic Extrusion for Single-Process 3D Printing. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080692. [PMID: 32707862 PMCID: PMC7466134 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) improve the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. ASDs of olanzapine (OLZ), which have a high melting point and low solubility, are performed using a complicated process. Three-dimensional (3D) printing based on hot-melt pneumatic extrusion (HMPE) is a simplified method for producing ASDs. Unlike general 3D printing, printlet extrusion is possible without the preparation of drug-loaded filaments. By heating powder blends, direct fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing through a nozzle is possible, and this step produces ASDs of drugs. In this study, we developed orodispersible films (ODFs) loaded with OLZ as a poorly water-soluble drug. Various ratios of film-forming polymers and plasticizers were investigated to enhance the printability and optimize the printing temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the surface morphology of the film for the optimization of the polymer carrier ratios. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to evaluate thermal properties. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) confirmed the physical form of the drug during printing. The 3D printed ODF formulations successfully loaded ASDs of OLZ using HMPE. Our ODFs showed fast disintegration patterns within 22 s, and rapidly dissolved and reached up to 88% dissolution within 5 min in the dissolution test. ODFs fabricated using HMPE in a single process of 3D printing increased the dissolution rates of the poorly water-soluble drug, which could be a suitable formulation for fast drug absorption. Moreover, this new technology showed prompt fabrication feasibility of various formulations and ASD formation of poorly water-soluble drugs as a single process. The immediate dissolution within a few minutes of ODFs with OLZ, an atypical antipsychotic, is preferred for drug compliance and administration convenience.
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Gupta MS, Kumar TP. Characterization of Orodispersible Films: An Overview of Methods and Introduction to a New Disintegration Test Apparatus Using LDR - LED Sensors. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2925-2942. [PMID: 32565356 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Orodispersible Film (ODF) is a promising and progressive dosage form that offers exceptional drug delivery benefits to patients. Indeed, they are the most transformational alternatives to traditional/conventional dosage forms such as tablets and capsules. ODFs are portable and highly comfortable for self-administration by patients with swallowing problems. The key to gain end-user acceptance is to have an ODF with outstanding quality. Poor quality may lead to choking or spitting, accordingly leading to a lack of compliance. It is vital to employ suitable experimental methodologies that facilitate characterization or determination of the quality of ODF. Nonetheless, there are no standard techniques prescribed in official compendia of any country. But, there is a consensus in the thin-film research community about the characterization techniques that one relies on deciding the quality of an ODF. We review various experimental techniques and highlight its importance in determining the performance and quality of an ODF. We provide a relatively novel and inventive disintegration test apparatus, which works using 'Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and Light Emitting Diode (LED) sensors' for clear and accurate determination of start and end disintegration time of an ODF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Suresh Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore 570 015, India.
| | - Tegginamath Pramod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore 570 015, India
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Mašková E, Kubová K, Raimi-Abraham BT, Vllasaliu D, Vohlídalová E, Turánek J, Mašek J. Hypromellose - A traditional pharmaceutical excipient with modern applications in oral and oromucosal drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 324:695-727. [PMID: 32479845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), also known as Hypromellose, is a traditional pharmaceutical excipient widely exploited in oral sustained drug release matrix systems. The choice of numerous viscosity grades and molecular weights available from different manufacturers provides a great variability in its physical-chemical properties and is a basis for its broad successful application in pharmaceutical research, development, and manufacturing. The excellent mucoadhesive properties of HPMC predetermine its use in oromucosal delivery systems including mucoadhesive tablets and films. HPMC also possesses desirable properties for formulating amorphous solid dispersions increasing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Printability and electrospinnability of HPMC are promising features for its application in 3D printed drug products and nanofiber-based drug delivery systems. Nanoparticle-based formulations are extensively explored as antigen and protein carriers for the formulation of oral vaccines, and oral delivery of biologicals including insulin, respectively. HPMC, being a traditional pharmaceutical excipient, has an irreplaceable role in the development of new pharmaceutical technologies, and new drug products leading to continuous manufacturing processes, and personalized medicine. This review firstly provides information on the physical-chemical properties of HPMC and a comprehensive overview of its application in traditional oral drug formulations. Secondly, this review focuses on the application of HPMC in modern pharmaceutical technologies including spray drying, hot-melt extrusion, 3D printing, nanoprecipitation and electrospinning leading to the formulation of printlets, nanoparticle-, microparticle-, and nanofiber-based delivery systems for oral and oromucosal application. Hypromellose is an excellent excipient for formulation of classical dosage forms and advanced drug delivery systems. New methods of hypromellose processing include spray draying, hot-melt extrusion, 3D printing, and electrospinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Mašková
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kubová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Bahijja T Raimi-Abraham
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Vohlídalová
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Turánek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Mašek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic.
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Musazzi UM, Khalid GM, Selmin F, Minghetti P, Cilurzo F. Trends in the production methods of orodispersible films. Int J Pharm 2020; 576:118963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ehtezazi T, Algellay M, Hardy A. Next Steps in 3D Printing of Fast Dissolving Oral Films for Commercial Production. RECENT PATENTS ON DRUG DELIVERY & FORMULATION 2019; 14:5-20. [PMID: 31886755 DOI: 10.2174/1872211314666191230115851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
3D printing technique has been utilised to develop novel and complex drug delivery systems that are almost impossible to produce by employing conventional formulation techniques. For example, this technique may be employed to produce tablets or Fast Dissolving oral Films (FDFs) with multilayers of active ingredients, which are personalised to patient's needs. In this article, we compared the production of FDFs by 3D printing to conventional methods such as solvent casting. Then, we evaluated the need for novel methods of producing fast dissolving oral films, and why 3D printing may be able to meet the shortfalls of FDF production. The challenges of producing 3D printed FDFs are identified at commercial scale by referring to the identification of suitable materials, hardware, qualitycontrol tests and Process Analytical Technology. In this paper, we discuss that the FDF market will grow to more than $1.3 billion per annum in the next few years and 3D printing of FDFs may share part of this market. Although companies are continuing to invest in technologies, which provide alternatives to standard drug delivery systems, the market for thin-film products is already well established. Market entry for a new technology such as 3D printing of FDFs will, therefore, be hard, unless, this technology proves to be a game changer. A few approaches are suggested in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touraj Ehtezazi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marwan Algellay
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Hardy
- Knowledge Exchange and Commercialisation, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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35
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Özcan Bülbül E, Mesut B, Cevher E, Öztaş E, Özsoy Y. Product transfer from lab-scale to pilot-scale of quetiapine fumarate orodispersible films using quality by design approach. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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36
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McKinley D, Patel SK, Regev G, Rohan LC, Akil A. Delineating the effects of hot-melt extrusion on the performance of a polymeric film using artificial neural networks and an evolutionary algorithm. Int J Pharm 2019; 571:118715. [PMID: 31560958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to utilize an artificial neural network (ANN) in conjunction with an evolutionary algorithm to investigate the relationship between hot melt extrusion (HME) process parameters and vaginal film performance. Investigated HME process parameters were: barrel temperature, screw speed, and feed rate. Investigated film performance attributes were: percent dissolution at 30 min, puncture strength, and drug content. An ANN model was successfully developed and validated with a root mean squared error of 0.043 and 0.098 for training and validation, respectively. Of all three assessed process parameters, the model revealed that barrel temperature has a significant impact on film performance. An increase in barrel temperature resulted in increased dissolution and punctures strength and decreased drug content. Additionally, a successful implementation of an evolutionary algorithm was carried out in order to demonstrate the potential applicability of the developed ANN model in film formulation optimization. In this analysis, the values predicted of film performance attributes were within 1% error of the experimental data. The findings of this study provide a quantitative framework to understand the relationship between HME parameters and film performance. This quantitative framework has the potential to be used for film formulation development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeAngelo McKinley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Sravan Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Galit Regev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Lisa C Rohan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ayman Akil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
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37
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McKinley D, Kumar Patel S, Regev G, Rohan LC, Akil A. WITHDRAWN: Delineating the Effects of Hot-Melt Extrusion on the Performance of a Polymeric Film using Artificial Neural Networks and an Evolutionary Algorithm. Int J Pharm X 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2019.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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38
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Venkatesh C, Clear O, Major I, Lyons JG, Devine DM. Faster Release of Lumen-Loaded Drugs than Matrix-Loaded Equivalent in Polylactic Acid/Halloysite Nanotubes. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12111830. [PMID: 31195738 PMCID: PMC6600978 DOI: 10.3390/ma12111830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite-based drug delivery systems with intrinsic controlled release properties are of great interest in biomedical applications. We report a novel polylactic acid (PLA)/halloysite nanotube (HNT) nanocomposite-based drug delivery system. PLA/HNT nanocomposites have shown immense potential for use in biomedical applications due to their favorable cyto- and hemo-compatibility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the release of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) from PLA/HNT composites matrix and the effect of preloading the API into the lumen of the HNT on its release profile. Aspirin was used in this study as a model drug as it is a common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet agent widely used for various medical conditions. These two types of drug-loaded PLA/HNT nanocomposites were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), surface wettability and mechanical testing. Statistical analysis was conducted on numerical data. Drug entrapment and in vitro drug release studies were conducted using UV spectrophotometry. Results indicate that aspirin was successfully loaded into the lumen of HNT, which resulted in the sustained release of aspirin from the nanocomposites. Furthermore, the addition of HNT into the polymer matrix increased the mechanical properties, indicating its suitability as a drug-eluting reinforcing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitra Venkatesh
- Material Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone N37 FK59, Ireland.
| | - Oran Clear
- Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone N37 FK59, Ireland.
| | - Ian Major
- Material Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone N37 FK59, Ireland.
| | - John G Lyons
- Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone N37 FK59, Ireland.
| | - Declan M Devine
- Material Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone N37 FK59, Ireland.
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39
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Carlier E, Marquette S, Peerboom C, Denis L, Benali S, Raquez JM, Amighi K, Goole J. Investigation of the parameters used in fused deposition modeling of poly(lactic acid) to optimize 3D printing sessions. Int J Pharm 2019; 565:367-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wesholowski J, Berghaus A, Thommes M. Investigations Concerning the Residence Time Distribution of Twin-Screw-Extrusion Processes as Indicator for Inherent Mixing. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E207. [PMID: 30373197 PMCID: PMC6320920 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent years Twin-Screw-Extrusion (TSE) has been established as a platform technology for pharmaceutical manufacturing. Compared to other continuous operation, one of the major benefits of this method is the combination of several unit operations within one apparatus. Several of these are linked to the Residence Time Distribution (RTD), which is typically expressed by the residence time density function. One relevant aspect for pharmaceutical processes is the mixing capacity, which is represented by the width of this distribution. In the frame of this study the influence of the mass flow, the temperature and the screw-barrel clearance were investigated for a constant barrel load (specific feed load, SFL). While the total mass flow as well as the external screw diameter affected the mixing performance, the barrel temperature had no influence for the investigated range. The determined results were additionally evaluated with respect to a fit to the Twin-Dispersion-Model (TDM). This model is based on the superimposition of two mixing functions. The correlations between varied process parameters and the obtained characteristic model parameters proved this general physical view on extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Wesholowski
- Institute of Solids Process Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | | | - Markus Thommes
- Institute of Solids Process Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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41
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Ehtezazi T, Algellay M, Islam Y, Roberts M, Dempster NM, Sarker SD. The Application of 3D Printing in the Formulation of Multilayered Fast Dissolving Oral Films. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1076-1085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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42
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Ross SA, Lamprou DA, Douroumis D. Engineering and manufacturing of pharmaceutical co-crystals: a review of solvent-free manufacturing technologies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:8772-86. [PMID: 27302311 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01289b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of pharmaceutical cocrystals have received great interest in recent years. Cocrystallization of drug substances offers a tremendous opportunity for the development of new drug products with superior physical and pharmacological properties such as solubility, stability, hydroscopicity, dissolution rates and bioavailability. It is now possible to engineer and develop cocrystals via 'green chemistry' and environmentally friendly approaches such as solid-state synthesis in the absence of organic solvents. In addition, significant efforts have been directed towards computational screening, cocrystal manufacturing in a continuous manner and real-time monitoring for quality purposes by using various analytical tools. Pharmaceutical cocrystals are not fully exploited yet and there is a lot of ground to cover before they can be successfully utilized as medical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ross
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - D A Lamprou
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science (SIPBS)s, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK. and EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1 RD, UK
| | - D Douroumis
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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43
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Puri V, Brancazio D, Harinath E, Martinez AR, Desai PM, Jensen KD, Chun JH, Braatz RD, Myerson AS, Trout BL. Demonstration of pharmaceutical tablet coating process by injection molding technology. Int J Pharm 2018; 535:106-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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44
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Bonhoeffer B, Kwade A, Juhnke M. Alternative Manufacturing Concepts for Solid Oral Dosage Forms From Drug Nanosuspensions Using Fluid Dispensing and Forced Drying Technology. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:909-921. [PMID: 29154900 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Flexible manufacturing technologies for solid oral dosage forms with a continuous adjustability of the manufactured dose strength are of interest for applications in personalized medicine. This study explored the feasibility of using microvalve technology for the manufacturing of different solid oral dosage form concepts. Hard gelatin capsules filled with excipients, placebo tablets, and polymer films, placed in hard gelatin capsules after drying, were considered as substrates. For each concept, a basic understanding of relevant formulation parameters and their impact on dissolution behavior has been established. Suitable matrix formers, present either on the substrate or directly in the drug nanosuspension, proved to be essential to prevent nanoparticle agglomeration of the drug nanoparticles and to ensure a fast dissolution behavior. Furthermore, convection and radiation drying methods were investigated for the fast drying of drug nanosuspensions dispensed onto polymer films, which were then placed in hard gelatin capsules. Changes in morphology and in drug and matrix former distribution were observed for increasing drying intensity. However, even fast drying times below 1 min could be realized, while maintaining the nanoparticulate drug structure and a good dissolution behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Bonhoeffer
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical R&D, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Kwade
- Institute for Particle Technology, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Juhnke
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical R&D, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
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45
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Orodispersible films: Product transfer from lab-scale to continuous manufacturing. Int J Pharm 2017; 535:285-292. [PMID: 29146537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Orodispersible films have been described as new beneficial dosage forms for special patient populations. Due to various production settings, different requirements on film formulations are required for non- continuous and continuous manufacturing. In this study, a continuous coating machine was qualified in regards of the process conditions for film compositions and their effects on the formed films. To investigate differences between both manufacturing processes, various film formulations of hydrochlorothiazide and hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) or hydroxypropylmethycellulose (HPMC) as film formers were produced and the resulting films were characterized. The qualification of the continuously operating coating machine reveals no uniform heat distribution during drying. Coating solutions for continuous manufacturing should provide at least a dynamic viscosity of 1 Pa*s (wet film thickness of 500 μm, velocity of 15.9 cm/min). HPC films contain higher residuals of ethanol or acetone in bench-scale than in continuous production mode. Continuous production lead to lower drug content of the films. All continuously produced films disintegrate within less than 30 s. There are observed significant effects of the production process on the film characteristics. When transferring film manufacturing from lab-scale to continuous mode, film compositions, processing conditions and suitable characterization methods have to be carefully selected and adopted.
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Albadarin AB, Potter CB, Davis MT, Iqbal J, Korde S, Pagire S, Paradkar A, Walker G. Development of stability-enhanced ternary solid dispersions via combinations of HPMCP and Soluplus® processed by hot melt extrusion. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:603-611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Karki S, Kim H, Na SJ, Shin D, Jo K, Lee J. Thin films as an emerging platform for drug delivery. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Crawford DE, Casaban J. Recent Developments in Mechanochemical Materials Synthesis by Extrusion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5747-5754. [PMID: 26932541 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemical synthesis, i.e., reactions conducted by grinding solid reactants together with no or minimal solvent, has been demonstrated as an excellent technique for the formation of both organic and inorganic compounds. Mechanochemistry is viewed as an alternative approach to chemical synthesis and is not always considered when developing manufacturing processes of fine chemicals. Here, recent advances are highlighted regarding mechanochemical synthesis, by utilizing a well-developed continuous technique - extrusion, and the advantages it offers to further support its use in the manufacturing of these chemicals. To put this work into context, it is shown how extrusion plays a vital role for manufacturing in the food, polymer, and pharmaceutical industries, and how the research carried out by these respective industrialists provides great insight and understanding of the technique, with the results being applicable in the chemical industry. The synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is highlighted herein as an excellent example showcasing the advantages that extrusion provides to the manufacture of these materials, one advantage being the exceptional space time yields (STYs) reported for these processes, at three orders of magnitude greater than conventional (solvothermal) synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah E Crawford
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, 39-123 Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG
| | - José Casaban
- MOF Technologies Ltd., 63 University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NF
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Huang S, O’Donnell KP, Keen JM, Rickard MA, McGinity JW, Williams RO. A New Extrudable Form of Hypromellose: AFFINISOL™ HPMC HME. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:106-19. [PMID: 26335416 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypromellose is a hydrophilic polymer widely used in immediate- and modified-release oral pharmaceutical dosage forms. However, currently available grades of hypromellose are difficult, if not impossible, to process by hot melt extrusion (HME) because of their high glass transition temperature, high melt viscosity, and low degradation temperature. To overcome these challenges, a modified grade of hypromellose, AFFINISOL™ HPMC HME, was recently introduced. It has a significantly lower glass transition temperature and melt viscosity as compared to other available grades of hypromellose. The objective of this paper is to assess the extrudability and performance of AFFINISOL™ HPMC HME (100LV and 4M) as compared to other widely used polymers in HME, including HPMC 2910 100cP (the currently available hypromellose), Soluplus®, Kollidon® VA 64, and EUDRAGIT® E PO. Formulations containing polymer and carbamazepine (CBZ) were extruded on a co-rotating 16-mm twin-screw extruder, and the effect of temperature, screw speed, and feed rate was investigated. The performance of the solid dispersions was evaluated based on Flory-Huggins modeling and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and dissolution. All formulations extruded well except for HPMC 2910 100cP, which resulted in over-torqueing the extruder (machine overloading because the motor cannot provide efficient energy to rotate the shaft). Among the HME extrudates, only the EUDRAGIT® E PO formulation was crystalline as confirmed by DSC, XRD, and Raman, which agreed with predictions from Flory-Huggins modeling. Dissolution testing was conducted under both sink and non-sink conditions. Sink dissolution testing in neutral media revealed that amorphous CBZ in the HME extrudates completely dissolved within 15 min, which was much more rapid than the time for complete dissolution of bulk CBZ (60 min) and EUDRAGIT® E PO solid dispersion (more than 6 h). Non-sink dissolution in acidic media testing revealed that only CBZ contained in the AFFINISOL™ HPMC HME, and EUDRAGIT® E PO solid dispersions rapidly supersaturated after 15 min, reaching a twofold drug concentration compared to the CBZ equilibrium solubility. In summary, AFFINISOL™ HPMC HME 100LV and AFFINISOL™ HPMC HME 4M are useful in the pharmaceutical HME process to increase wetting and dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drugs like CBZ.
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