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Sameei P, Fatehfar S, Abdollahzadeh N, Chodari L, Saboory E, Roshan-Milani S. The effects of forced exercise and zinc supplementation during pregnancy on prenatally stress-induced behavioral and neurobiological consequences in adolescent female rat offspring. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22411. [PMID: 37607889 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal manipulations can lead to neurobehavioral changes in the offspring. In this study, individual and combined effects of forced exercise and zinc supplementation during pregnancy on prenatally restraint stress (PRS)-induced behavioral impairments, neuro-inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress have been investigated in adolescent female rat offspring. Pregnant rats were divided into five groups: control; restraint stress (RS); RS + exercise stress (RS + ES), RS + zinc supplementation (RS + Zn); and RS + ES + Zn. All the pregnant rats (except control) were exposed to RS from gestational days 15 to 19. Pregnant rats in ES groups were subjected to forced treadmill exercise (30 min/daily), and in Zn groups to zinc sulfate (30 mg/kg/orally), throughout the pregnancy. At postnatal days 25-27, anxiety-like and stress-coping behaviors were recorded, and the gene expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the concentration of total antioxidant capacity were measured in the prefrontal cortex. PRS significantly enhanced anxiety, generated passive coping behaviors, increased IL-1β and TNF-α expression, and decreased the antioxidant capacity. ES potentiated while zinc reversed PRS-induced behavioral impairments. Prenatal zinc also restored the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity but had no effect on additive responses imposed by the combination of RS and ES. Suppression of PRS-induced behavioral and neurobiological impairments by zinc suggests the probable clinical importance of zinc on PRS-induced changes on child temperament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Sameei
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sina Fatehfar
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Naseh Abdollahzadeh
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leila Chodari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saboory
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Shiva Roshan-Milani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Roshan-Milani S, Seyyedabadi B, Saboory E, Parsamanesh N, Mehranfard N. Prenatal stress and increased susceptibility to anxiety-like behaviors: role of neuroinflammation and balance between GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission. Stress 2021; 24:481-495. [PMID: 34180763 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1942828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity during the prenatal period allows neurons to regenerate anatomically and functionally for re-programming the brain development. During this critical period of fetal programming, the fetus phenotype can change in accordance with environmental stimuli such as stress exposure. Prenatal stress (PS) can exert important effects on brain development and result in permanent alterations with long-lasting consequences on the physiology and behavior of the offspring later in life. Neuroinflammation, as well as GABAergic and glutamatergic dysfunctions, has been implicated as potential mediators of behavioral consequences of PS. Hyperexcitation, due to enhanced excitatory transmission or reduced inhibitory transmission, can promote anxiety. Alterations of the GABAergic and/or glutamatergic signaling during fetal development lead to a severe excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in neuronal circuits, a condition that may account for PS-precipitated anxiety-like behaviors. This review summarizes experimental evidence linking PS to an elevated risk to anxiety-like behaviors and interprets the role of the neuroinflammation and alterations of the brain GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission in this phenomenon. We hypothesize this is an imbalance in GABAergic and glutamatergic circuits (as a direct or indirect consequence of neuroinflammation), which at least partially contributes to PS-precipitated anxiety-like behaviors and primes the brain to be vulnerable to anxiety disorders. Therefore, pharmacological interventions with anti-inflammatory activities and with regulatory effects on the excitatory/inhibitory balance can be attributed to the novel therapeutic target for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Roshan-Milani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Saboory
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Negin Parsamanesh
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mehranfard
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Liening AN, Epps SA. In Up to My Ears and Temporal Lobes: Effects of Early Life Stress on Epilepsy Development. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 55:17-40. [PMID: 33454921 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy and stress are each significant concerns in today's society, bearing heavy impacts on mental and physical health and overall quality of life. Unfortunately, the intersection between these is potentially even more concerning, as stress is a frequent trigger of seizures and may contribute to neural hyperexcitability. A growing body of research suggests a connection between early life stress (occurring in the prenatal or postnatal stage) and later development of epilepsy. While the larger part of this literature suggests that early life stress increases vulnerability for epilepsy development, there are a number of interacting factors influencing this relationship. These factors include developmental stage at which both stressor and seizure assessment occur, type of stressor, sex effects, and type of seizure (convulsive or non-convulsive). Additionally, a number of potential mechanisms have been identified, including activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroinflammation, altered inhibitory/excitatory balance, and temporal lobe structures. Developing a clearer understanding of this relationship between early life stress and epilepsy, the factors that influence it, and underlying mechanisms that may serve as targets for intervention is crucial to improving quality of life for persons with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery N Liening
- Department of Psychology, Whitworth University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - S Alisha Epps
- Department of Psychology, Whitworth University, Spokane, WA, USA.
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Azizi N, Roshan-Milani S, MahmoodKhani M, Saboory E, Gholinejad Z, Abdollahzadeh N, Sayyadi H, Chodari L. Parental pre-conception stress status and risk for anxiety in rat offspring: specific and sex-dependent maternal and paternal effects. Stress 2019; 22:619-631. [PMID: 31131701 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1619075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stressful events have long-lasting consequences on behavioral responses of offspring. While the effects of gestational and maternal stress have been extensively studied on psychological alterations in the progeny, little is known about effects of each parent's pre-conception life events on emotional responses in offspring. Here, the effect of maternal and/or paternal pre-conception stress was investigated on anxiogenic responses of offspring. Male and female adult rats were subjected to predatory stress (contactless exposure to a cat for 1 + 1 h per day) for 50 (male, n: 12) and 15 (female, n: 24) consecutive days; controls were not exposed. After the stress procedure, the control and stressed rats were mated to create four types of breeding pairs: control female/control male, stressed female/control male, control female/stressed male, and stressed female/stressed male. On postnatal days 30-31, the offspring were tested on the elevated plus maze and plasma corticosterone concentration was measured. Half of the pups were exposed to acute predatory stress before the elevated plus maze test. In most subgroups, corticosterone and anxiety-like behaviors in the offspring with both or only one parent exposed to pre-gestational stress increased compared to their control counterparts. However, under acute stress conditions, a different sex-dependent pattern of anxiety responses emerged. The combined effects of maternal and paternal stress were not additive. Hence, individual offspring behaviors can be influenced by the former life stress experiences of either parent. Incorporation of genetic and epigenetic aspects in development of neurobehavioral abnormalities and reprograming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may contribute to this phenomenon. Lay summary Early life stress (including during pregnancy) is known to have long-lasting effects on offspring, including emotional behaviors. Whether individual anxiety behaviors can be influenced by stress experiences of each parent even before a pregnancy is less well-understood. Our findings from this study on rats exposed to predator stress before mating suggest that maternal or paternal adult life events prior to pregnancy can lead to maladaptive behavior in their offspring later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Azizi
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
- b Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
| | - Shiva Roshan-Milani
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
- c Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
| | - Maryam MahmoodKhani
- b Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
- c Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
| | - Ehsan Saboory
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
- c Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
| | - Zafar Gholinejad
- d Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
| | - Naseh Abdollahzadeh
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
| | - Hojjat Sayyadi
- c Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
| | - Leila Chodari
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
- c Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
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Mahmoodkhani M, Saboory E, Roshan-Milani S, Azizi N, Karimipour M, Sayyadi H, Rasmi Y. Pre-pregnancy stress suppressed the reproductive systems in parents and changed sex ratio in offspring. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Cho SJ, Lovinger DM, N'Gouemo P. Prenatal alcohol exposure enhances the susceptibility to NMDA-induced generalized tonic-clonic seizures in developing rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 23:808-817. [PMID: 28884976 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with a higher likelihood of developing generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) in infants and children. However, experimental studies of PAE-related seizures have yielded conflicting results. Here, we investigated the effect of acute PAE on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced seizures in developing rats. METHODS Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were given an oral dose of either ethanol (5 g/kg body weight) or vehicle on embryonic day 18. The offspring were tested for susceptibility to NMDA-induced seizures on postnatal day 7 (P7), 21 (P21), 35 (P35), and 42 (P42). Specifically, the prevalence and latency of NMDA-induced continuous wild running-like behaviors (CWR), flexion seizures (FS), wild running seizures (WRS), GTCS, and tonic seizures (TS) were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced seizures consisted of CWR, FS, GTCS, and TS in <P21 rats, while WRS, GTCS, and TS were observed in >P21 rats. Thus, GTCS were consistently observed during development. PAE significantly increases the prevalence of GTCS in female and male P7-P21 rats and P7-P35 rats, respectively, but not in older rats. PAE also increases the prevalence of TS in male, but not female P21-P35 rats. CONCLUSIONS The PAE animal model of GTCS may provide a new opportunity to investigate the mechanisms that underlie neuronal hyperexcitability in developing animals prenatally-exposed to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue J Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David M Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Prosper N'Gouemo
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Nejatbakhsh M, Saboory E, Bagheri M. Effect of prenatal stress on ɑ5 GABA A receptor subunit gene expression in hippocampus and pilocarpine induced seizure in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 68:66-71. [PMID: 29758348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The GABAergic synapses go through structural and functional maturation during early brain development. Maternal stress alters GABAergic synapses in developing brain, which are associated with the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders in adults. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of prenatal restraint stress (PS) on pilocarpine-induced seizure and ɑ5 subunit of γ-amino butyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor expression in hippocampus. Pregnant Wistar rats were subjected to PS at gestational days 15-17 and the pups were examined for susceptibility to seizure and ɑ5 subunit of GABAA receptor expression in hippocampus at postnatal days 14 and 21 (P14 and PND 21). Quantitative real-time PCR was used for evaluating the gene expression in the pups. Pilocarpine was injected intraperitoneally into the pups and seizure behaviors were recorded. The results showed that ɑ5 subunit mRNA expression significantly increased in hippocampus at both the P14 and P21 in the stressed rats. However, ɑ5 subunit level was greater at the P21 than at the P14 in both the groups. Latency of first tonic-clonic seizure significantly decreased in the PS group compared to the control pups. Number and duration of tonic-clonic seizures increased in the PS rats compared to the controls. PS led to an increase in total score of seizure at the P14 and P21. It can be concluded that PS increases the seizure susceptibility and GABAA receptor ɑ5 subunit gene expression in offspring; it is likely that the mechanism of increased seizure susceptibility by PS, at least in part, can increase the GABAA receptor ɑ5 subunit gene expression in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Nejatbakhsh
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Saboory
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Morteza Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Mahmoodkhani M, Saboory E, Roshan-Milani S, Azizi N, Karimipour M, Rasmi Y, Gholinejad Z. Pregestational stress attenuated fertility rate in dams and increased seizure susceptibility in offspring. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 79:174-179. [PMID: 29306090 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have found that stress during pregnancy is linked to an increased incidence of epileptic behaviors and reproductive disorders. However, few works have investigated the effect of pregestational stress on seizure susceptibility in the offspring. We investigated the effect of pregestational stress on epileptic behaviors in the offspring as well as fertility rate in dams. The male and female rats were randomly divided into four groups to form a combination of control and stressed groups for each sex. The rats were subjected to predatory stress (exposed to a cat) twice per day for 50 (male) and 15 (female) consecutive days. At the end of the stress procedure, the rats were coupled as follows: both male and female control (MC-FC), male stressed/female control (MS-FC), male control/female stressed (MC-FS), and both male and female stressed (MS-FS). Then, the puppies born from these groups were counted and evaluated for pentylentetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure. There was no significant difference between the male and female pups in each identical group in terms of litter size and epileptic behaviors, except duration of tail rigidity and duration of immobility. The total score of seizure increased in all the stressed groups, but more severely in the MS-FS group. However, the onset of the first epileptic behavior and tonic-clonic seizure significantly decreased in the stressed groups. Moreover, fertility rate significantly decreased in the stressed groups compared with the control group, but there was no significant difference in terms of litter size between the groups. These data revealed the impact of pregestational stress during spermatogenesis and oogenesis on fertility rate in dams and epileptic behaviors in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahmoodkhani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saboory
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Shiva Roshan-Milani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Negar Azizi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Karimipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yosef Rasmi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zafar Gholinejad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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