1
|
Viagem LDA, Hakizimana JN, Rumisha C, Cerozi BDS, Misinzo G. Effect of soybean and seaweed-based diets on growth performance, feed utilization, and gut microbiota of tilapia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293775. [PMID: 39046994 PMCID: PMC11268637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tilapia, a significant aquaculture species globally, relies heavily on feed for its production. While numerous studies have investigated the impact of soybean and seaweed-based diets on tilapia, a comprehensive understanding remains elusive. This review aimed at evaluating and synthesizing the existing literature on these diets' effects, focusing on growth performance, feed utilization, and gut microbiota. A systematic search of databases was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and a total of 57 studies were included in the qualitative analysis and 24 in the meta-analysis. The results indicated that soybean-based diets, at a 59.4% inclusion level improved the Specific Growth Rate (SGR) of tilapia with an effect size of -2.14 (95% CI: -2.92, -1.37; p < 0.00001; I2 = 99%) and did not improve the feed conversion rate (FCR), as the effect size was 1.80 (95% CI: 0.72, 2.89; p = 0.001; I2 = 100%). For seaweed-based diets, at a 15,9% inclusion level did not improve SGR, with an effect size of -0.74 (95% CI: -1.70, 0.22; p = 0.13; I2 = 99%), and the FCR with an effect size of -0.70 (95% CI: -1.94, 0.54; p = 0.27; I2 = 100%). Regarding the gut microbiota, was noted a lack of studies meeting the inclusion criteria for tilapia. However, findings from studies on other farmed fishes suggested that soybean and seaweed-based diets could have diverse effects on gut microbiota composition and promote the growth of beneficial microbiota. This study suggests that incorporating soybean-based diets at 59.4% inclusion can improve the SGR of tilapia. Seaweed-based diets, while not demonstrating improvement in the analyzed parameters with an inclusion level of 15.9%, have the potential to contribute to the sustainability of the aquaculture industry when incorporated at lower levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonildo dos Anjo Viagem
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Department of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Rovuma University, Cabo Delgado, Mozambique
| | - Jean Nepomuscene Hakizimana
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Cyrus Rumisha
- Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Brunno da Silva Cerozi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sarker PK, Figueroa E, Kapuscinski AR, McKuin B, Schoffstall BV, Fitzgerald D, Greenwood C, O'Shelski K, Pasion EN, Gwynne D, Orcajo DG, Andrade S, Nocera P. Towards cleaner environment: recycling microalgal co-product to reduce emissions and impacts while eliminating fishmeal in rainbow trout feed for sustainable aquaculture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:46073-46086. [PMID: 38980488 PMCID: PMC11269444 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The rapid increase in aquaculture over the last several decades has led to concerns about the environmental impact of fish feeds relying on marine resources for fishmeal (FM). We aim to assess Nannochloropsis sp. QH25 co-product as a viable and sustainable replacement for FM in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, feeds. We formulated four experimental diets: a reference (FM based), 33N, 66N, and 100N diet (33%, 66%, and 100% co-product replacement). Rainbow trout were randomly assigned to one of 16 tanks and randomly assigned an experimental diet to consume throughout the experiment (64 days total), with four replicate tanks per diet. We compared the phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) digestibility, emissions, and growth between diets and, compared six environmental impacts (biotic resource use (BRU), global warming potential (GWP), water use, land use, marine eutrophication potential (MEP), and freshwater eutrophication potential (FEP)) of each diet. Our results indicate that replacing FM with co-product did not significantly alter growth. P digestibility of the experimental and reference diets was comparable. BRU conversion ratio was significantly lower in the experimental diets. However, there were significantly higher water and land use conversion ratios but insignificantly higher results in GWP, MEP, and FEP between the reference and 100N diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallab K Sarker
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
| | - Ebenezer Figueroa
- Earth and Oceanographic Science, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, 04011, USA
| | - Anne R Kapuscinski
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Brandi McKuin
- School of Engineering, University of California Merced, 5200 North Lake Rd, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Benjamin V Schoffstall
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Devin Fitzgerald
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Connor Greenwood
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Kira O'Shelski
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Emily Noelle Pasion
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Duncan Gwynne
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Diego Gonzalez Orcajo
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Sofie Andrade
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Pablo Nocera
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Siddik MAB, Francis P, Rohani MF, Azam MS, Mock TS, Francis DS. Seaweed and Seaweed-Based Functional Metabolites as Potential Modulators of Growth, Immune and Antioxidant Responses, and Gut Microbiota in Fish. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2066. [PMID: 38136186 PMCID: PMC10740464 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweed, also known as macroalgae, represents a vast resource that can be categorized into three taxonomic groups: Rhodophyta (red), Chlorophyta (green), and Phaeophyceae (brown). They are a good source of essential nutrients such as proteins, minerals, vitamins, and omega-3 fatty acids. Seaweed also contains a wide range of functional metabolites, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, and pigments. This study comprehensively discusses seaweed and seaweed-derived metabolites and their potential as a functional feed ingredient in aquafeed for aquaculture production. Past research has discussed the nutritional role of seaweed in promoting the growth performance of fish, but their effects on immune response and gut health in fish have received considerably less attention in the published literature. Existing research, however, has demonstrated that dietary seaweed and seaweed-based metabolite supplementation positively impact the antioxidant status, disease resistance, and stress response in fish. Additionally, seaweed supplementation can promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria, thereby improving gut health and nutrient absorption in fish. Nevertheless, an important balance remains between dietary seaweed inclusion level and the resultant metabolic alteration in fish. This review highlights the current state of knowledge and the associated importance of continued research endeavors regarding seaweed and seaweed-based functional metabolites as potential modulators of growth, immune and antioxidant response, and gut microbiota composition in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. B. Siddik
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (P.F.); (T.S.M.); (D.S.F.)
| | - Prue Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (P.F.); (T.S.M.); (D.S.F.)
| | - Md Fazle Rohani
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | | | - Thomas S. Mock
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (P.F.); (T.S.M.); (D.S.F.)
| | - David S. Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (P.F.); (T.S.M.); (D.S.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Achmad H, Chaklader MR, Fotedar R, Foysal MJ. From waste to feed: Microbial fermented abalone waste improves the digestibility, gut health, and immunity in marron, Cherax cainii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108748. [PMID: 37087026 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
New aquafeed ingredients produced by a circular economy approach are the opportunity for sustainable and resilient aquaculture. In the light of this approach, the mixture of abalone waste and Sargassum spp (9:1) fermented by Saccharomyces cereviceae and Lactobacillus casei (Yakult®) (FMAS) were used to replace 0% (FMAS0), 25% (FMAS-25), 50% (FMAS-50), 75% (FMAS-75), and 100% (FMAS-100) of fishmeal (FM) protein in marron, Cherax cainii diet. The marron was fed these diets in triplicate for 90 days. Growth, feed utilization and protein efficiency ratio were unchanged in marron-fed all test diets. Improvement in apparent protein digestibility was aligned with an increase in the size and number of B-cells in the hepatopancreas. Most of the immune responses, except for haemocyte clotting time, hyaline cells and neutral red retention time (NRR time) were unchanged by 42- and 90-days feeding trials compared to those of the control group. 90 days post-feeding marron with FMAS25 showed a lower haemocyte clotting time than the post 42 days feeding marron with the same diet. Hyaline cells increased in marron fed FMAS75 for 90 days compared to marron fed the same diet for 42 days. The challenge test involved injecting marron with Vibrio mimicus resulted in a 100% survival rate after 96 h of exposure. During the challenge test, phagocytosis activity in 24 and 48-h post-challenged marron fed FMAS75 decreased which recovered after 96 h post-challenge. Marron fed FMAS50 also recorded a significantly higher proportion of granular cells after 24 h and NRR time at 96 h compared with that of other treatments. Given the above indicators of bio-growth, feed efficiency and immune responses, total replacement of FM protein of marron practical feed with FMAS are considered feasible and optimum to maintain health status and resistance to disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himawan Achmad
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Md Reaz Chaklader
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Fleet Street, Fremantle, Western Australia, 6160, Australia.
| | - Ravi Fotedar
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Md Javed Foysal
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Exploration of marine red seaweed as a dietary fish meal replacement and its potentiality on growth, hematological, biochemical, and enzyme activity in freshwater fish Labeo rohita. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:395. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Ferreira M, Ribeiro PC, Ribeiro L, Barata M, Domingues VF, Sousa S, Soares C, Marques A, Pousão-Ferreira P, Dias J, Castro LFC, Marques A, Nunes ML, Valente LMP. Biofortified Diets Containing Algae and Selenised Yeast: Effects on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, and Tissue Composition of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata). Front Physiol 2022; 12:812884. [PMID: 35095569 PMCID: PMC8793800 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.812884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts have been made to find natural, highly nutritious alternatives to replace fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO), which can simultaneously promote fish health and improve the nutritional quality of filets for human consumption. This study evaluated the impact of biofortified diets containing microalgae (as replacement for FM and FO), macroalgae (as natural source of iodine) and selenised yeast (organic source of selenium) on gilthead seabream growth, nutrient utilization, tissue composition and gene expression. A control diet (CTRL) with 15% FM and 5.5% FO was compared with three experimental diets (AD1, AD2, and AD3), where a microalgae blend (Chlorella sp., Tetraselmis sp., and DHA-rich Schizochytrium sp.) replaced 33% of FM. Diet AD1 contained 20% less FO. Diets were supplemented with Laminaria digitata (0.4% AD1 and AD2; 0.8% AD3) and selenised yeast (0.02% AD1 and AD2; 0.04% AD3). After feeding the experimental diets for 12 weeks, growth was similar in fish fed AD1, AD2, and CTRL, indicating that microalgae meal can partially replace both FM and FO in diets for seabream. But AD3 suppressed fish growth, suggesting that L. digitata and selenised yeast supplementation should be kept under 0.8 and 0.04%, respectively. Despite lower lipid intake and decreased PUFAs bioavailability in fish fed AD3, compared to CTRL, hepatic elovl5 was upregulated resulting in a significant increase of muscle EPA + DHA. Indeed, filets of fish fed AD2 and AD3 provided the highest EPA + DHA contents (0.7 g 100 g–1), that are well above the minimum recommended values for human consumption. Fish consuming the AD diets had a higher retention and gain of selenium, while iodine gain remained similar among diets. Upregulation of selenoproteins (gpx1, selk, and dio2) was observed in liver of fish fed AD1, but diets had limited impact on fish antioxidant status. Overall, results indicate that the tested microalgae are good sources of protein and lipids, with their LC-PUFAs being effectively accumulated in seabream muscle. Selenised yeast is a good fortification vehicle to increase selenium levels in fish, but efforts should be placed to find new strategies to fortify fish in iodine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ferreira
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro C. Ribeiro
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências (FCUP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Estação Piloto de Piscicultura de Olhão, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (EPPO-IPMA), Olhão, Portugal
| | - Marisa Barata
- Estação Piloto de Piscicultura de Olhão, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (EPPO-IPMA), Olhão, Portugal
| | - Valentina F. Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Sousa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Soares
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Marques
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- Divisão de Aquacultura, Valorização e Bioprospecção, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (DivAV-IPMA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - L. Filipe C. Castro
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências (FCUP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Divisão de Aquacultura, Valorização e Bioprospecção, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (DivAV-IPMA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria L. Nunes
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Luisa M. P. Valente
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Luisa M. P. Valente,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nutrients and Energy Digestibility of Microalgal Biomass for Fish Feed Applications. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132313211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aquafeed accounts for at least 75–90% of aquaculture’s operating costs. Traditional aquafeed ingredients such as fishmeal, fish oil, and soybean meal are unsustainable; further, their increasing cost necessities developing alternative feed ingredients. Microalgae-based aquafeed is not only environmentally friendly, but it can also be cost-effective with proper optimization. In addition, the nutrition profile of microalgae is similar to that of many fishes. The digestibility of a feed is one of the most important factors to consider in feed formulation. A highly digestible feed can lower production costs, reduce feed waste, and reduce the risk of eutrophication. This review discusses the digestibility of various nutrients such as protein, lipid, carbohydrate, amino acids, and fatty acids (including omega-3 fatty acids), dry matter, and energy of various microalgae in fish. Other commonly used aquafeed ingredients were also compared to microalgae in terms of nutrient and energy digestibility in fish. The intrinsic characteristics of microalgae, biomass pretreatment, and feed preparation methods are all discussed as factors that contribute to the nutrient and energy digestibility of microalgae in fish. Furthermore, methods for increasing the digestibility of microalgal biomass in fish are suggested. Finally, the review concludes with the challenges and prospects of using microalgae as a fish feed in terms of digestibility.
Collapse
|
8
|
Pereira AG, Fraga-Corral M, Garcia-Oliveira P, Lourenço-Lopes C, Carpena M, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J. The Use of Invasive Algae Species as a Source of Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activities: Spain as Case-Study. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:178. [PMID: 33805184 PMCID: PMC8064379 DOI: 10.3390/md19040178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent decades, algae have proven to be a source of different bioactive compounds with biological activities, which has increased the potential application of these organisms in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, animal feed, and other industrial sectors. On the other hand, there is a growing interest in developing effective strategies for control and/or eradication of invasive algae since they have a negative impact on marine ecosystems and in the economy of the affected zones. However, the application of control measures is usually time and resource-consuming and not profitable. Considering this context, the valorization of invasive algae species as a source of bioactive compounds for industrial applications could be a suitable strategy to reduce their population, obtaining both environmental and economic benefits. To carry out this practice, it is necessary to evaluate the chemical and the nutritional composition of the algae as well as the most efficient methods of extracting the compounds of interest. In the case of northwest Spain, five algae species are considered invasive: Asparagopsis armata, Codium fragile, Gracilaria vermiculophylla, Sargassum muticum, and Grateulopia turuturu. This review presents a brief description of their main bioactive compounds, biological activities, and extraction systems employed for their recovery. In addition, evidence of their beneficial properties and the possibility of use them as supplement in diets of aquaculture animals was collected to illustrate one of their possible applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antia G. Pereira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paula Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Catarina Lourenço-Lopes
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Keating C, Bolton-Warberg M, Hinchcliffe J, Davies R, Whelan S, Wan AHL, Fitzgerald RD, Davies SJ, Ijaz UZ, Smith CJ. Temporal changes in the gut microbiota in farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) outweigh the response to diet supplementation with macroalgae. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:7. [PMID: 33500003 PMCID: PMC7934267 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaculture successfully meets global food demands for many fish species. However, aquaculture production of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is just 2.5% of total market production. For cod farming to be a viable economic venture specific challenges on how to increase growth, health and farming productivity need to be addressed. Feed ingredients play a key role here. Macroalgae (seaweeds) have been suggested as a functional feed supplement with both health and economic benefits for terrestrial farmed animals and fish. The impact of such dietary supplements to cod gut integrity and microbiota, which contribute to overall fish robustness is unknown. The objective of this study was to supplement the diet of juvenile Atlantic cod with macroalgae and determine the impacts on fish condition and growth, gut morphology and hindgut microbiota composition (16S rRNA amplicon sequencing). Fish were fed one of three diets: control (no macroalgal inclusion), 10% inclusion of either egg wrack (Ascophyllum nodosum) or sea lettuce (Ulva rigida) macroalgae in a 12-week trial. RESULTS The results demonstrated there was no significant difference in fish condition, gut morphology or hindgut microbiota between the U. rigida supplemented fish group and the control group at any time-point. This trend was not observed with the A. nodosum treatment. Fish within this group were further categorised as either 'Normal' or 'Lower Growth'. 'Lower Growth' individuals found the diet unpalatable resulting in reduced weight and condition factor combined with an altered gut morphology and microbiome relative to the other treatments. Excluding this group, our results show that the hindgut microbiota was largely driven by temporal pressures with the microbial communities becoming more similar over time irrespective of dietary treatment. The core microbiome at the final time-point consisted of the orders Vibrionales (Vibrio and Photobacterium), Bacteroidales (Bacteroidetes and Macellibacteroides) and Clostridiales (Lachnoclostridium). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that U. rigida macroalgae can be supplemented at 10% inclusion levels in the diet of juvenile farmed Atlantic cod without any impact on fish condition or hindgut microbial community structure. We also conclude that 10% dietary inclusion of A. nodosum is not a suitable feed supplement in a farmed cod diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Keating
- Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
- Water and Environment Group, Infrastructure and Environment Division, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK.
| | - M Bolton-Warberg
- Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Carna, Co, Galway, H91 V8Y1, Ireland
| | - J Hinchcliffe
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R Davies
- AquaBioTech Group, Central Complex, Naggar Street, Targa Gap, Mosta, G.C, MST 1761, Malta
| | - S Whelan
- Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Carna, Co, Galway, H91 V8Y1, Ireland
| | - A H L Wan
- Irish Seaweed Research Group, Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
- Aquaculture Nutrition and Aquafeed Research Unit, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Carna, Co, Galway, H91 V8Y1, Ireland
| | - R D Fitzgerald
- Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Carna, Co, Galway, H91 V8Y1, Ireland
| | - S J Davies
- Department of Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Science, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
| | - U Z Ijaz
- Water and Environment Group, Infrastructure and Environment Division, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK.
| | - C J Smith
- Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
- Water and Environment Group, Infrastructure and Environment Division, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
An integrated, two-step biofiltration system with Ulva fasciata for sequenced removal of ammonia and nitrate in mariculture effluents. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
11
|
Vazirzadeh A, Marhamati A, Rabiee R, Faggio C. Immunomodulation, antioxidant enhancement and immune genes up-regulation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed on seaweeds included diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:852-858. [PMID: 32871250 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the stimulatory effects of dietary inclusion of Gracilariopsis persica (GP), Hypnea flagelliformis (HF) and Sargassum boveanum (SB) on immune indices, antioxidant capability and immune related genes expression of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Seven iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets with 0, 5 and 10% of each macroalgae were prepared and fed to rainbow trout juveniles for 83 days. Serum lysozyme (Lyz) and respiratory burst activity (NBT) along with activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) and expression of LyzII, TNFα and IL-1β genes in head kidney samples were determined by days 47 and 83. Our results revealed that dietary inclusion of seaweeds improved fish immune status. Long term feeding of fish on seaweed contained diets (except for GP10) improved serum Lyz activity in comparison to control group. Similarly, extended feeding on GP5 and HF10 and HF10 included diets improved SOD and POD levels, respectively. Genes expression studies revealed that seaweeds contained diets noticeably enhanced expression of LyzII, TNFα and IL-1β in comparison to control fish. However, results revealed that such stimulatory effects were more evident at lower dietary inclusion level and shorter feeding time. In conclusion, the results depicted that dietary inclusion of the seaweeds effectively improved serum immune indices and head kidney antioxidant status and immune related genes expression in a time and dose dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arya Vazirzadeh
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran.
| | - Anahita Marhamati
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran
| | - Reza Rabiee
- Agriculture and Natural Resources Education and Research Centre of Hormozgan, P.O. Box 79145-1577, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ferreira M, Larsen BK, Granby K, Cunha SC, Monteiro C, Fernandes JO, Nunes ML, Marques A, Dias J, Cunha I, Castro LFC, Valente LMP. Diets supplemented with Saccharina latissima influence the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and oxidative stress modulating rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillet composition. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111332. [PMID: 32305409 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of diets including increasing amounts (1, 2 and 4%) of an iodine-rich macroalgae, Saccharina latissima, on gene expression and fillet composition of commercial-sized rainbow trout. Liver and muscle expression of genes related to growth, iodine, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism, and the fillet content of fatty acids, cholesterol, and vitamin D3 were assessed. The highest kelp inclusion led to lower final body weight and HSI, without significant differences in mRNA transcription of genes involved in growth (ghr1, ghr2 and igf1) or iodine metabolism (dio1, thra, and thrb). A significant downregulation of an oxidative stress marker, gpx1b2, was observed in fish fed 2% S. latissima, which might suggest the need for less endogenous antioxidants. Dietary inclusion of kelp impacted lipid metabolism, with a downregulation of fatty acid synthase, accompanied by a general decrease of fatty acids in fillet. The present study demonstrated that supplementation of diets with 1 or 2% S. latissima can be achieved without detrimental effects on rainbow trout final weight. Evidence suggest a lipid-lowering effect of diets that did not compromise fillet EPA and DHA concentrations, being 3.7 times above the recommended levels for human consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ferreira
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bodil Katrine Larsen
- DTU, Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Aquaculture, Niels Juelsvej 30, 9850, Hirtshals, Denmark
| | - Kit Granby
- DTU, Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Kemitorvet, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Department of Bromatology, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Monteiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Department of Bromatology, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Department of Bromatology, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria L Nunes
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; IPMA, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Division of Aquaculture and Seafood Upgrading, Avenida Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
| | - Jorge Dias
- Sparos Lda., Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Isabel Cunha
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Biology Department, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luisa M P Valente
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hua K, Cobcroft JM, Cole A, Condon K, Jerry DR, Mangott A, Praeger C, Vucko MJ, Zeng C, Zenger K, Strugnell JM. The Future of Aquatic Protein: Implications for Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
14
|
Tapia-Paniagua ST, Fumanal M, Anguís V, Fernández-Díaz C, Alarcón FJ, Moriñigo MA, Balebona MC. Modulation of Intestinal Microbiota in Solea senegalensis Fed Low Dietary Level of Ulva ohnoi. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:171. [PMID: 30792706 PMCID: PMC6374555 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota has a relevant role in animal nutrition, modulation of the immune system and protection against pathogen invasion. Interest in algae as source of nutrients and functional ingredients for aquafeeds is increasing in order to substitute conventional feedstuffs by more sustainable resources. The diet is an important factor in the modulation of the microbiota composition, and functional ingredients have been proposed to shape the microbiota and contribute benefits to the host. However, fish microbiome research is still limited compared to other hosts. Solea senegalensis is a flat fish with high potential for aquaculture in South Europe. In this study, a characterization of the microbiome of S. senegalensis (GI) tract and the effects of feeding Ulva ohnoi supplemented diet has been carried out. Differences in the composition of the microbiota of anterior and posterior sections of S. senegalensis GI tract have been observed, Pseudomonas being more abundant in the anterior sections and Mycoplasmataceae the dominant taxa in the posterior GI tract sections. In addition, modulation of the GI microbiota of juvenile Senegalese sole fed for 45 days a diet containing low percentage of U. ohnoi has been observed in the present study. Microbiota of the anterior regions of the intestinal tract was mainly modulated, with higher abundance of Vibrio spp. in the GI tract of fish fed dietary U. ohnoi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Milena Fumanal
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - F Javier Alarcón
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Miguel A Moriñigo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Carmen Balebona
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mendoza W, Mendola D, Kim J, Yarish C, Velloze A, Mitchell BG. Land-based drip-irrigated culture of Ulva compressa: The effect of culture platform design and nutrient concentration on biomass production and protein content. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199287. [PMID: 29949617 PMCID: PMC6021086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This work developed a laboratory prototype methodology for cost-effective, water-sparing drip-irrigation of seaweeds, as a model for larger-scale, on-land commercial units, which we envision as semi-automated, inexpensive polyethylene sheet-covered bow-framed greenhouses with sloping plastic covered floors, water-collecting sumps, and pumped recycling of culture media into overhead low-pressure drip emitters. Water droplets form on the continually wetted interior plastic surfaces of these types of greenhouses scattering incoming solar radiation to illuminate around and within the vertically-stacked culture platforms. Concentrated media formulations applied through foliar application optimize nutrient uptake by the seaweeds to improve growth and protein content of the cultured biomass. An additional attribute is that seaweed growth can be accelerated by addition of anthropogenic CO2-containing industrial flue gases piped into the head-space of the greenhouse to reuse and recycle CO2 into useful algal biomass. This demonstration tested three different drip culture platform designs (horizontal, vertical and slanted) and four increasing fertilizer media concentrations (in seawater) for growth, areal productivity, and thallus protein content of wild-collected Ulva compressa biomass, against fully-submerged controls. Cool White fluorescent lights provided 150–200 μmol photon m-2 s-1 illumination on a 12/12 hr day/night cycle. Interactive effects we tested using a four-level single factorial randomized block framework (p<0.05). Growth rates and biomass of the drip irrigation designs were 3–9% day-1 and 5–18 g m-2 day-1 (d.w.) respectively, whereas the fully-submerged control group grew better at 8–11% per day with of 20–30 g m-2 day-1, indicating further optimization of the drip irrigation methodology is needed to improve growth and biomass production. Results demonstrated that protein content of Ulva biomass grown using the vertically-oriented drip culture platform and 2x fertilizer concentrations (42:16:36 N:P:K) was 27% d.w., approximating the similarly-fertilized control group. The drip methodology was found to significantly improve gas and nutrient mass transfer through the seaweed thalli, and overall, the labor- and-energy-saving methodology would use a calculated 20% of the seawater required for conventional on-land tank-based tumble culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Mendoza
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Integrative Oceanography Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Dominick Mendola
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Integrative Oceanography Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jang Kim
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Stamford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Charles Yarish
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Stamford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Velloze
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Integrative Oceanography Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - B. Greg Mitchell
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Integrative Oceanography Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Beneditto APMD, Tavares MTM, Monteiro LR. Isotopic niche of the catfishes Bagre bagre and Genidens barbus in a coastal area of south-eastern Brazil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: The isotopic niche of Bagre bagre and Genidens barbus target of commercial fisheries in a marine coastal area from northern Rio de Janeiro State (~21ºS), south-eastern Brazil was compared to evaluate the feeding assimilation and the trophic relationship. The mean isotopic values of the catfishes and their food items in the δ13C-δ15N space were coherent with their respective trophic positions. The relative contributions of the food items highlighted the shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri as the most assimilated item in the diet of B. bagre, while for G. barbus the model highlighted the fish Porichthys porosissimus. The absence of niche overlap together with the trophic evenness point to a reduced feeding overlap between B. bagre and G. barbus in northern Rio de Janeiro State.
Collapse
|
17
|
Araújo M, Alves RC, Pimentel FB, Costa AS, Fernandes TJ, Valente LM, Rema P, Oliveira MBP. New approach for vitamin E extraction in rainbow trout flesh: Application in fish fed commercial and red seaweed‐supplemented diets. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Araújo
- REQUIMTE, LAQV/Departamento de Ciências QuímicasFaculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Rita C. Alves
- REQUIMTE, LAQV/Departamento de Ciências QuímicasFaculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- REQUIMTE, LAQV/Instituto Superior de Engenharia do PortoInstituto Politécnico do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Filipa B. Pimentel
- REQUIMTE, LAQV/Departamento de Ciências QuímicasFaculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Anabela S.G. Costa
- REQUIMTE, LAQV/Departamento de Ciências QuímicasFaculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Telmo J.R. Fernandes
- REQUIMTE, LAQV/Departamento de Ciências QuímicasFaculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Luísa M.P. Valente
- CIIMAR/CIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e AmbientalPortoPortugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel SalazarUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Paulo Rema
- CECAV/UTAD—Universidade de Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto DouroVila RealPortugal
| | - M. Beatriz P.P. Oliveira
- REQUIMTE, LAQV/Instituto Superior de Engenharia do PortoInstituto Politécnico do PortoPortoPortugal
| |
Collapse
|