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Thakuri LS, Park CM, Kim HA, Kim HJ, Park JW, Park JC, Rhyu DY. Gracilaria chorda subcritical water ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation and regulates glucose homeostasis in a hepatic steatosis cell model and obese C57BL/6J mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 320:117395. [PMID: 37952731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Red seaweed, known as Rhodophyta, has a long history of use in traditional Asian medicine, including Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda. It is believed to have cooling and detoxification properties. Red seaweed species, such as Gracilaria, have been used in traditional remedies to address various conditions, such as inflammation, thyroid disorders, and digestive issues. AIM OF THE STUDY Obesity is a risk factor of hepatic steatosis, a hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that affects nearly 25% of the worldwide population. Gracilaria chorda (GC) contains bioactive peptides that may be applicable in the prevention of metabolic syndrome diseases. This study investigated the effects of GC subcritical water extract at 210 °C (GCSW210) on preventing liver injury and lipid and glucose dysregulation in an oleic acid (OA)-induced hepatic steatosis cell model (HepG2) and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese animal model (C57BL/6J mice). MATERIALS AND METHODS Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were exposed to 0.1 mM OA for 24 h to induce hepatic steatosis and C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD for 13 weeks. For lipid accumulation, triglyceride (TG) content was measured in both models, along with free fatty acid (FFA), plasma glucose, and insulin levels in HFD-fed mice. Protein expression of master regulators of adipogenesis and lipogenesis, as well as cholesterol and mitochondrial biosynthesis, was studied via western blotting in hepatic steatosis-induced in vitro and in vivo models. In addition, protein expression of the insulin signaling cascade in skeletal muscle tissues of HFD-fed mice was studied. RESULTS GCSW210 significantly decreased lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells exposed to OA and suppressed the expression of lipogenic factors, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and fatty acid synthase. In addition, GCSW210 abrogated transcription factors related to cholesterol biosynthesis, such as SREBP-2 and low-density lipoprotein receptor. Similarly, FFA, TG, serum glutamic acid, aspartate transaminase, alanine transferase, plasma glucose, and insulin levels were also significantly reduced in GCSW210-treated HFD-fed mice, which were comparable to the positive control mice treated with Garcinia cambogia extract. Additionally, GCSW210 enhanced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the hepatic tissues of HFD-fed mice. Moreover, GCSW210 treatment improved insulin signal transduction by reducing insulin receptor substrate 1 Ser307 phosphorylation and elevated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B and glucose transporter type 4 protein expression in muscle tissue. 5-Hdroxymethylfufural (5-HMF) was confirmed to be active substances isolated from GCSW210 through LC-PDA and LC-MS. CONCLUSIONS GCSW210 significantly regulated glucose metabolism, alleviated insulin resistance (IR) induced by high fatty acid synthesis and lipid accumulation, and elevated de novo lipogenesis by activating AMPK phosphorylation in both the liver and muscle tissues of HFD-fed mice. GCSW210 may be a potential functional food for preventing HFD-induced metabolic diseases, such as IR, NAFLD, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Sen Thakuri
- Department of Nutraceutical Resources, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea; Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 FOUR, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
| | - Chul Min Park
- Department of Nutraceutical Resources, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea; Division of Practical Research, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Jeonam 58762, Korea
| | - Hyeon-A Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
| | - Hyung Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Park
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 FOUR, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea; Department of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 57922, Korea; Chunsu Mountain Medicinal Herb Research Association, Gyeonggi-do 13637, Korea
| | - Dong Young Rhyu
- Department of Nutraceutical Resources, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea; Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 FOUR, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea.
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Kulasekaran NT, Thilakam ML, Gopal D, Lee JK, Marimuthu J. Denovo production of resveratrol by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1a using pretreated Gracilaria corticata extracts. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:19-28. [PMID: 37987932 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assembly and construction of resveratrol production pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for denovo production of resveratrol using seaweed extract as fermentation medium. RESULTS Genes involved in the production of resveratrol from tyrosine pathway, tyrosine ammonia lyase (FTAL) gene from Flavobacterium johnsoniae (FjTAL), the 4-coumarate:CoA ligase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana (4CL1) and the stilbene synthase gene from Vitis vinifera (VvSTS) were introduced into low copy, high copy and integrative vector and transformed into S. cerevisiae W303-1a. The resulting strains W303-1a/pARS-res5, W303-1a/2µ-res1 and W303-1a/IntUra-res9 produced a level of 2.39 ± 0.01, 3.33 ± 0.03 and 8.34 ± 0.03 mg resveratrol l-1 respectively. CRISPR mediated integration at the δ locus resulted in 17.13 ± 1.1 mg resveratrol l-1. Gracilaria corticata extract was tested as a substrate for the growth of transformant to produce resveratrol. The strain produced a comparable level, 13.6 ± 0.54 mg resveratrol l-1 when grown in seaweed extract medium. CONCLUSIONS The strain W303-1a/IntδC-res1 utilized Gracillaria hydrolysate and produced 13.6 ± 0.54 mg resveratrol l-1 and further investigations are being carried out focusing on pathway engineering and optimization of process parameters to enhance resveratrol yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Leema Thilakam
- Marine Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, 600100, India
| | - Dharani Gopal
- Marine Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, 600100, India
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143 701, Korea
| | - Jeya Marimuthu
- Marine Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, 600100, India.
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Bakky MAH, Tran NT, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Liang H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ma H, Zheng H, Li S. In vitro fermentation of Gracilaria lemaneiformis and its sulfated polysaccharides by rabbitfish gut microbes. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125561. [PMID: 37364810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This study intended to characterize the Gracilaria lemaneiformis (SW)-derived polysaccharide (GLP) and explore the fermentation aspects of SW and GLP by rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) intestinal microbes. The GLP was mainly composed of galactose and anhydrogalactose (at 2.0:0.75 molar ratio) with the linear mainstay of α-(1 → 4) linked 3,6-anhydro-α-l-galactopyranose and β-(1 → 3)-linked galactopyranose units. The in vitro fermentation results showed that the SW and GLP could reinforce the short-chain fatty (SCFAs) production and change the diversity and composition of gut microbiota. Moreover, GLP boosted the Fusobacteria and reduced the Firmicutes abundance, while SW increased the Proteobacteria abundance. Furthermore, the adequacy of feasibly harmful bacteria (such as Vibrio) declined. Interestingly, most metabolic processes were correlated with the GLP and SW groups than the control and galactooligosaccharide (GOS)-treated groups. In addition, the intestinal microbes degrade the GLP with 88.21 % of the molecular weight reduction from 1.36 × 105 g/mol (at 0 h) to 1.6 × 104 g/mol (at 24 h). Therefore, the findings suggest that the SW and GLP have prebiotic potential and could be applied as functional feed additives in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Akibul Hasan Bakky
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Huifen Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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Sathuvan M, Thangam R, Venkateshbabu G, Cheong KL, Kang H, Liu Y. Single-step purified R-phycoerythrin transmits cellular imaging functionalities in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:563-570. [PMID: 34813785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A single-step and rapid chromatographic method-based purification of Gracilaria corticata (J. Agardh) R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) was attained using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) technique without affecting structural integrity. The purified R-PE had a characteristic UV-Vis spectrum with three absorbance maxima at 496, 535, and 565 nm, and fluorescence at 575 nm. R-PE was obtained with a purity index of 4.2 and a recovery yield of 44.3%. SDS-PAGE analysis exhibited three sub-units i.e., 18, 21, and 31 kDa, which corresponds to α, β, and γ, respectively. This report's purification process was considered less time-consuming and could be efficiently applied to purify phycobiliproteins. The purified R-PE showed optimal stability up to 6 h at pH 7.0 when exposed to light (3000 lx), while the temperature at which the maximum stability was retained was at 20 °C. The cellular imaging property of R-PE was effectively implemented to evaluate its credentials without affecting the cell proliferation of Vero and Hep-2 cell lines with the higher IC50 concentrations in vitro. Under fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis, purified R-PE displayed the characteristic affinity towards cell imaging functions in preliminary in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malairaj Sathuvan
- Department of Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Ramar Thangam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gopal Venkateshbabu
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Department of Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China.
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Pereira AG, Fraga-Corral M, Garcia-Oliveira P, Lourenço-Lopes C, Carpena M, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J. The Use of Invasive Algae Species as a Source of Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activities: Spain as Case-Study. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:178. [PMID: 33805184 PMCID: PMC8064379 DOI: 10.3390/md19040178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent decades, algae have proven to be a source of different bioactive compounds with biological activities, which has increased the potential application of these organisms in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, animal feed, and other industrial sectors. On the other hand, there is a growing interest in developing effective strategies for control and/or eradication of invasive algae since they have a negative impact on marine ecosystems and in the economy of the affected zones. However, the application of control measures is usually time and resource-consuming and not profitable. Considering this context, the valorization of invasive algae species as a source of bioactive compounds for industrial applications could be a suitable strategy to reduce their population, obtaining both environmental and economic benefits. To carry out this practice, it is necessary to evaluate the chemical and the nutritional composition of the algae as well as the most efficient methods of extracting the compounds of interest. In the case of northwest Spain, five algae species are considered invasive: Asparagopsis armata, Codium fragile, Gracilaria vermiculophylla, Sargassum muticum, and Grateulopia turuturu. This review presents a brief description of their main bioactive compounds, biological activities, and extraction systems employed for their recovery. In addition, evidence of their beneficial properties and the possibility of use them as supplement in diets of aquaculture animals was collected to illustrate one of their possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antia G. Pereira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paula Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Catarina Lourenço-Lopes
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (M.F.-C.); (P.G.-O.); (C.L.-L.); (M.C.)
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Cotas J, Pacheco D, Araujo GS, Valado A, Critchley AT, Pereira L. On the Health Benefits vs. Risks of Seaweeds and Their Constituents: The Curious Case of the Polymer Paradigm. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:164. [PMID: 33808736 PMCID: PMC8003528 DOI: 10.3390/md19030164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To exploit the nutraceutical and biomedical potential of selected seaweed-derived polymers in an economically viable way, it is necessary to analyze and understand their quality and yield fluctuations throughout the seasons. In this study, the seasonal polysaccharide yield and respective quality were evaluated in three selected seaweeds, namely the agarophyte Gracilaria gracilis, the carrageenophyte Calliblepharis jubata (both red seaweeds) and the alginophyte Sargassum muticum (brown seaweed). It was found that the agar synthesis of G. gracilis did not significantly differ with the seasons (27.04% seaweed dry weight (DW)). In contrast, the carrageenan content in C. jubata varied seasonally, being synthesized in higher concentrations during the summer (18.73% DW). Meanwhile, the alginate synthesis of S. muticum exhibited a higher concentration (36.88% DW) during the winter. Therefore, there is a need to assess the threshold at which seaweed-derived polymers may have positive effects or negative impacts on human nutrition. Furthermore, this study highlights the three polymers, along with their known thresholds, at which they can have positive and/or negative health impacts. Such knowledge is key to recognizing the paradigm governing their successful deployment and related beneficial applications in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cotas
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (D.P.); (L.P.)
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Diana Pacheco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (D.P.); (L.P.)
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Glacio Souza Araujo
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará—IFCE, Campus Aracati, CE 040, km 137,1, Aracati 62800-000, Ceara, Brazil;
| | - Ana Valado
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTeSC-Coimbra Health School, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, Apartamento 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alan T. Critchley
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment, Sydney, NS B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Leonel Pereira
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (D.P.); (L.P.)
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
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Luo H, Wang Q, Liu Z, Wang S, Long A, Yang Y. Potential bioremediation effects of seaweed Gracilaria lemaneiformis on heavy metals in coastal sediment from a typical mariculture zone. Chemosphere 2020; 245:125636. [PMID: 31869668 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds are good bio-monitors of heavy metals pollution in coastal seawater. In the present study, the potential bioremediation effects of cultivated Gracilaria lemaneiformis on heavy metals in Nan'ao coastal sediment from a typical mariculture zone, South China were evaluated. Sediment samples were collected from five different zones (Gracilaria cultivation zone, G; Fish culture zone, F; Shellfish culture zone, S; Transition zone, T; Control zone, C) from December 2014 to July 2015. The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in the sediments were significantly different among the various types of mariculture areas. The concentrations varied widely: Cd (0.04-1.02) μg g-1; Cu (1.19-37.70) μg g-1; Pb (8.45-74.45) μg g-1; Zn (36.80-201.24) μg g-1. The lowest heavy metal concentrations in the sediment were occurred at Gracilaria cultivation zone, while higher concentrations occurred at control zones and fish culture zones. The pollution load index, principal components and cluster analysis showed that heavy metal concentrations were the highest at fish culture zone, while the concentrations were the lowest at Gracilaria cultivation zone, and Gracilaria cultivation affects the heavy metals in the sediments. Gracilaria had strong adsorption capacities for heavy metals from seawater, showing the highest heavy metal Bioconcentration Factors in May (higher seaweed biomass period). Consequently, the results suggested that Gracilaria cultivation influences the heavy metal concentrations in sediments from the typical coastal mariculture zone. Gracilaria cultivation has the potential to bioremediate heavy metals in the coastal sediments. Therefore, Gracilaria cultivation can add environmental advantages and ecological values to coastal mariculture zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtian Luo
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangyao Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aimin Long
- State Key Laboratory of Tropic Ocean Environment (LTO), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; School of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Yang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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Sinaei M, Loghmani M. Toxicity and Mechanisms of Action of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pollution in Red Algae (Gracilaria corticata) from the Northern Coast of the Oman Sea. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019; 38:1947-1953. [PMID: 31211439 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The activities of selected biomarkers including 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured in the red algae (Gracilaria corticata) obtained from the Oman Sea. Chemical analyses were used to assess the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the red algae. Total PAH concentrations in the red algae ranged from 3.61 to 8.14 ng g-1 dry weight. Mean GST and ECOD activity also varied from 8.87 to 15.32 nmol/mg protein/min and from 0.31 to 1.02 pmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Significant correlations were found between the total PAH levels and the selected biomarkers (p < 0.01). The results showed that ECOD and GST enzymes reacted to PAHs in phase I and II detoxification mechanisms of red algae (G. corticata), which extend the use of these biomarkers for investigation of the biological effects of PAH pollution as well as determination of pollution bioavailability. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1947-1953. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Sinaei
- Department of Fisheries, Chabahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Mehran Loghmani
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
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Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are lipid mediators belonging to the eicosanoid family. PGs were first discovered in mammals where they are key players in a great variety of physiological and pathological processes, for instance muscle and blood vessel tone regulation, inflammation, signaling, hemostasis, reproduction, and sleep-wake regulation. These molecules have successively been discovered in lower organisms, including marine invertebrates in which they play similar roles to those in mammals, being involved in the control of oogenesis and spermatogenesis, ion transport, and defense. Prostaglandins have also been found in some marine macroalgae of the genera Gracilaria and Laminaria and very recently the PGs pathway has been identified for the first time in some species of marine microalgae. In this review we report on the occurrence of prostaglandins in the marine environment and discuss the anti-inflammatory role of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Costanzo
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Dato
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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Palanisamy SK, Arumugam V, Rajendran S, Ramadoss A, Nachimuthu S, Peter D M, Sundaresan U. Chemical diversity and anti-proliferative activity of marine algae. Nat Prod Res 2019; 33:2120-2124. [PMID: 30253657 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1488701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The chemical diversity of three macroalgae (Ulva reticulata, Sargassum wightii, Gracilaria sp) were determined using the GC-MS method with principal component analysis (PCA) and their potential efficacy against human pathogens and cervical carcinoma cells evaluated using MTT bioassay method. Our results showed that >30 metabolites were detected in three seaweeds, among these, steroids and fatty acids are the most dominant chemical group that highly contributes to discriminate this species. The PCA of GC-MS mass spectral variables showed a clear discrimination between three different species based on the phytochemical diversity of seaweeds. The extracts of U. reticulata exhibited anti-microbial activity with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.00 mm) and showed potential anti-proliferative activity against the HeLa cells (IC50 37 µmol/L) at concentration 1-50 µM treatment. Results of this study concluded that PCA analysis of mass spectral variables could be utilized as a reliable tool for species discrimination and chemotaxonomic classification of seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Kumar Palanisamy
- a Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Velusamy Arumugam
- b Department of Environmental Biotechnology , Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli , India
| | - Samyutha Rajendran
- c Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin" , Sapienza University of Rome , Roma , Italy
| | - Anandhan Ramadoss
- b Department of Environmental Biotechnology , Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli , India
| | - Subash Nachimuthu
- b Department of Environmental Biotechnology , Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli , India
| | - Magesh Peter D
- d National Institute of Ocean Technology , Pallikarani , Chennai , India
| | - Umamaheswari Sundaresan
- b Department of Environmental Biotechnology , Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli , India
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11
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Sharma S, Chen C, Khatri K, Rathore MS, Pandey SP. Gracilaria dura extract confers drought tolerance in wheat by modulating abscisic acid homeostasis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 136:143-154. [PMID: 30684843 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Water stress severely reduces the production of wheat. Application of seaweed extracts have started to show promise in protecting plants from environmental stresses as they contain several biostimulants. However, the modes of action of these biostimulants are not clear. Here, we investigated the role of Gracilaria dura (GD), a red alga, in conferring stress tolerance to wheat during drought under glasshouse and agro-ecological conditions by integrating molecular studies with physiological and field investigations. GD-sap application conferred drought tolerance (as the biomass increased by up to 57% and crop yield by 70%), via facilitating physiological changes associated to maintaining higher water content. GD-sap application significantly increased ABA accumulation (2.34 and 1.46 fold at 4 and 6 days of drought, respectively) due to enhanced expression of biosynthesis genes. This followed an activation of ABA response genes and physiological processes including reduced stomatal opening, thus reducing water loss. Moreover, GD-sap application enhanced the expression of stress-protective genes specifically under water stress. Treatment with fluridone, an ABA inhibitor, further support the role of ABA in GD-sap mediated drought tolerance in wheat. The findings of this study provide insights into the functional role of GD-sap in improving drought tolerance and show the potential to commercialize GD-sap as a potent biostimulant for sustainable agriculture in regions prone to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sharma
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR, New Delhi, India.
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kusum Khatri
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR, New Delhi, India
| | - Mangal S Rathore
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Shree P Pandey
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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12
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Cao L, Yu IKM, Cho DW, Wang D, Tsang DCW, Zhang S, Ding S, Wang L, Ok YS. Microwave-assisted low-temperature hydrothermal treatment of red seaweed (Gracilaria lemaneiformis) for production of levulinic acid and algae hydrochar. Bioresour Technol 2019; 273:251-258. [PMID: 30448676 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, red seaweed (Gracilaria lemaneiformis) food waste with high carbohydrate content was valorized into levulinic acid (LA) and algae hydrochar through microwave-assisted low-temperature hydrothermal treatment in dilute acid solution. Various parameters including treatment temperature (160-200 °C), reaction time (1-40 min), acid concentration (0-0.6 M), and biomass-to-liquid ratio (1%-10%, w/v) were examined. The energy efficiency and carbon recovery of the proposed process were investigated. Under the experimental conditions of 5% (w/v) biomass loading, 0.2 M H2SO4, 180 °C, and 20 min, the highest levulinic acid yield of 16.3 wt% was produced. The resulting hydrochar showed approximately 45-55% energy yield and higher heating values of 19-25 MJ kg-1. The energy efficiency of the present study (1.31 × 10-6 g LA/J) was comparable to those of the conventional hydrothermal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass, while the reaction time (20 min) was much shorter with a high carbon recovery (73.3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leichang Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Iris K M Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Dong-Wan Cho
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Linling Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Capillo G, Savoca S, Costa R, Sanfilippo M, Rizzo C, Lo Giudice A, Albergamo A, Rando R, Bartolomeo G, Spanò N, Faggio C. New Insights into the Culture Method and Antibacterial Potential of Gracilaria gracilis. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16120492. [PMID: 30544601 PMCID: PMC6315995 DOI: 10.3390/md16120492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enormous marine biodiversity offers an endless reservoir of chemicals for many applications. In this scenario, the extraction of seaweeds represents an interesting source of compounds displaying antimicrobial activity. In particular, among the different red algae, Gracilaria gracilis plays an important role due to the presence of important bioactives in its composition. In spite of these features, an efficient culture system is still absent. In the present study, a novel algal culture method was developed and compared to another more common cultural practice, widely reported in literature. A higher efficiency of the new method, both for daily growth rate and biomass, was assessed. Furthermore, the growth inhibitory activity of five extracts, obtained using ethanol, methanol, acetone, chloroform or diethyl ether as a solvent, from the cultured G. gracilis was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Algal extracts exhibited a considerable inhibitory activity against B. subtilis strains, while a slight inhibition was observed against V. fischeri. The different extracts showed significant differences in bacterial growth inhibition, with the highest activity that was recorded for the ethanol extract, followed by that of methanol. Based on the chemical characterization, these findings could be related to the antimicrobial activity played by the combination of total carbohydrates and polyphenols, which were determined at high levels in ethanol and methanol extracts, as well as by the highest number and levels of single polyphenols. Conversely, the lower growth inhibitory activities found in chloroform and diethyl ether extracts could be related to the isolation of minor lipid classes (e.g., neutral and medium polar lipids) composed by fatty acids, such as stearic, oleic and arachidonic acids, typically characterized by antimicrobial activity. In consideration of the results obtained, the present study has a double implication, involving both the field of cultural practices and the exploitation of natural sources for the isolation of antimicrobial agents useful both in pharmaceutical and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioele Capillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Serena Savoca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Marilena Sanfilippo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Carmen Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
- Istituto per le Risorse Biologiche e le Biotecnologie Marine (IRBIM-CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Ambrogina Albergamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy.
- Science4Life s.r.l., A Spin-off of the University of Messina, V.le Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rossana Rando
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Bartolomeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy.
- Science4Life s.r.l., A Spin-off of the University of Messina, V.le Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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14
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Du H, Liang H, Jiang Y, Qu X, Yan H, Liu X. Proteome responses of Gracilaria lemaneiformis exposed to lead stress. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 135:311-317. [PMID: 30301043 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Proteome response of plants is an important process that enables them to cope with environmental stress including metal stress. In this study, the proteome of Gracilaria lemaneiformis exposed to lead was investigated. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis revealed 123 protein spots, among which 14 proteins were significantly differentially expressed and identified using MALDI-TOF MS. Two of the up-regulated proteins were identified and predicted to be involved in photosynthesis and signal transduction, while eleven down-regulated proteins were functionally grouped into five classes including photosynthesis, energy metabolism, protein metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and antioxidation proteins. There was also an up-regulation in superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione s-transferase, and heat-shock protein 70 upon Pb exposure. Proteomic studies provide a better picture of protein networks and metabolic pathways primarily involved in intracellular detoxification and defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Honghao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Haibo Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Parsaee Z. Electrospun nanofibers decorated with bio-sonochemically synthesized gold nanoparticles as an ultrasensitive probe in amalgam-based mercury (II) detection system. Ultrason Sonochem 2018; 44:24-35. [PMID: 29680608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, bio-ultrasound-assisted synthesized gold nanoparticles using Gracilaria canaliculata algae have been immobilized on a polymeric support and used as a glassy probe chemosensor for detection and rapid removal of Hg2+ ions. The function of the suggested chemosensor has been explained based on gold-amalgam formation and its catalytic role on the reaction of sodium borohydride and rhodamine B (RhB) with fluorescent and colorimetric sensing function. The catalyzed reduction of RhB by the gold amalgam led to a distinguished color change from red and yellow florescence to colorless by converting the amount of Hg2+ deposited on Au-NPs. The detection limit of the colorimetric and fluorescence assays for Hg2+ was 2.21 nM and 1.10 nM respectively. By exposing the mentioned colorless solution to air for at least 2 h, unexpectedly it was observed that the color and fluorescence of RhB were restored. Have the benefit of the above phenomenon a recyclable and portable glass-based sensor has been provided by immobilizing the Au-NPs and RB on the glass slide using electrospinning. Moreover, the introduced combinatorial membrane has facilitated the detection and removal of Hg2+ ions in various Hg (II)-contaminated real water samples with efficiency of up to 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Parsaee
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran.
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16
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Jacinto J, Henriques B, Duarte AC, Vale C, Pereira E. Removal and recovery of Critical Rare Elements from contaminated waters by living Gracilaria gracilis. J Hazard Mater 2018; 344:531-538. [PMID: 29100132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The experiments performed in this work proved the ability of Gracilaria gracilis to concentrate and recover Critical Rare Elements (CRE) from contaminated waters. The importance of recycling these elements is related to their very limited sources in Nature and progressive use in technologies. Moreover, their mining exploitation has negative environmental impact, and recent studies point them as new emerging pollutants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the application of living macroalgae for the removal and recovery of CRE. G. gracilis (2.5gL-1, fresh weight) was exposed to mono- and multi-element saline solutions of 500μgL-1 of Y, Ce, Nd, Eu and La. Removal was up to 70% in 48h, with bioaccumulation following Elovich kinetic model. In multi-element solutions, selectivity was not observed although removal of lanthanides improved comparatively to single-element solutions. No mortality or adverse effect on growth was registered. The subsequent macroalgae digestion allowed collecting virtually 100% of all elements in a 300-fold more concentrated solution. The overall results suggest the application of living macroalgae as a simple and effective alternative technology for removing and recovering CRE from wastewaters, contributing to an improvement of water quality and CRE recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Jacinto
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - A C Duarte
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Vale
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - E Pereira
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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17
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Jiang H, Zou D, Chen W, Yang Y. The photosynthetic responses to stocking depth and algal mat density in the farmed seaweed Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:25309-25314. [PMID: 28929276 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The branches and mass of Gracilaria lemaneiformis increase with growth season, and the thalli sink to deeper depths with increasing biomass density during maricultivation. The changing depth and algal mat density may affect the physiology of the algae. In the present study, the photosynthetic behaviors regarding different biomass densities in G. lemaneiformis thalli collected from different stocking depths were determined, to examine how photosynthesis of this farmed alga was affected by the growth depths and algal mat densities. Our results showed that the chlorophyll a (Chl a), carotenoids (Car), phycoerythrin (PE) contents, and irradiance-saturated maximum photosynthetic rates (P max) of the deeper layer-grown algae were significantly increased relative to the surface layer-grown algae. The P max, apparent photosynthetic efficiency (α) and dark respiration rate (R d) of G. lemaneiformis thalli, were reduced, whereas the irradiance saturation points (I k) were increased, with the increasing algal mat density. We proposed that appropriate measures are needed to trade off the stocking depth and biomass density, in an effort to maintain a relative high photosynthetic productivity during G. lemaneiformis maricultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dinghui Zou
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weizhou Chen
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515000, China
| | - Yufeng Yang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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18
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Dagnino-Leone J, Figueroa M, Mella C, Vorphal MA, Kerff F, Vásquez AJ, Bunster M, Martínez-Oyanedel J. Structural models of the different trimers present in the core of phycobilisomes from Gracilaria chilensis based on crystal structures and sequences. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177540. [PMID: 28542288 PMCID: PMC5436742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycobilisomes (PBS) are accessory light harvesting protein complexes that directionally transfer energy towards photosystems. Phycobilisomes are organized in a central core and rods radiating from it. Components of phycobilisomes in Gracilaria chilensis (Gch) are Phycobiliproteins (PBPs), Phycoerythrin (PE), and Phycocyanin (PC) in the rods, while Allophycocyanin (APC) is found in the core, and linker proteins (L). The function of such complexes depends on the structure of each component and their interaction. The core of PBS from cyanobacteria is mainly composed by cylinders of trimers of α and β subunits forming heterodimers of Allophycocyanin, and other components of the core including subunits αII and β18. As for the linkers, Linker core (LC) and Linker core membrane (LCM) are essential for the final emission towards photoreaction centers. Since we have previously focused our studies on the rods of the PBS, in the present article we investigated the components of the core in the phycobilisome from the eukaryotic algae, Gracilaria chilensis and their organization into trimers. Transmission electron microscopy provided the information for a three cylinders core, while the three dimensional structure of Allophycocyanin purified from Gch was determined by X-ray diffraction method and the biological unit was determined as a trimer by size exclusion chromatography. The protein sequences of all the components of the core were obtained by sequencing the corresponding genes and their expression confirmed by transcriptomic analysis. These subunits have seldom been reported in red algae, but not in Gracilaria chilensis. The subunits not present in the crystallographic structure were modeled to build the different composition of trimers. This article proposes structural models for the different types of trimers present in the core of phycobilisomes of Gch as a first step towards the final model for energy transfer in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Dagnino-Leone
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Maximiliano Figueroa
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Mella
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - María Alejandra Vorphal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Frédéric Kerff
- Centre d'Ingéniérie des Protéines, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Aleikar José Vásquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marta Bunster
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - José Martínez-Oyanedel
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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19
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Shukla R, Kumar M, Chakraborty S, Gupta R, Kumar S, Sahoo D, Kuhad RC. Process development for the production of bioethanol from waste algal biomass of Gracilaria verrucosa. Bioresour Technol 2016; 220:584-589. [PMID: 27619709 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The algal biomass of different species of Gracilaria were collected from coasts of Orissa and Tamil Nadu, India and characterized biochemically. Among various species, G. verrucosa was found to be better in terms of total carbohydrate content (56.65%) and hence selected for further studies. The agar was extracted from algal biomass and the residual pulp was enzymatically hydrolyzed. The optimization of algal pulp hydrolysis for various parameters revealed a maximum sugar release of 75.8mg/ml with 63% saccharification yield. The fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysate of algal pulp was optimized and 8% (v/v) inoculum size, 12h inoculum age, pH 5.0 were found to be optimum parameters for maximum ethanol concentration (27.2g/L) after 12h. The process of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation were successfully scaled up to 2L bioreactor scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Shukla
- Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh 123029, Haryana, India; Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Subhojit Chakraborty
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Rishi Gupta
- Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh 123029, Haryana, India; Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Savindra Kumar
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Dinabandhu Sahoo
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ramesh Chander Kuhad
- Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh 123029, Haryana, India; Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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20
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Naidoo RK, Rafudeen MS, Coyne VE. Investigation of the Gracilaria gracilis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) proteome response to nitrogen limitation. J Phycol 2016; 52:369-383. [PMID: 27273530 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nitrogen has been identified as the major growth-limiting nutritional factor affecting Gracilaria gracilis populations in South Africa. Although the physiological mechanisms implemented by G. gracilis for adaption to low nitrogen environments have been investigated, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of these adaptions. This study provides the first investigation of G. gracilis proteome changes in response to nitrogen limitation and subsequent recovery. A differential proteomics approach employing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to investigate G. gracilis proteome changes in response to nitrogen limitation and recovery. The putative identity of 22 proteins that changed significantly (P < 0.05) in abundance in response to nitrogen limitation and recovery was determined. The identified proteins function in a range of biological processes including glycolysis, photosynthesis, ATP synthesis, galactose metabolism, protein-refolding and biosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and cytoskeleton remodeling. The identity of fructose 1,6 biphosphate (FBP) aldolase was confirmed by western blot analysis and the decreased abundance of FBP aldolase observed with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was validated by enzyme assays and western blots. The identification of key proteins and pathways involved in the G. gracilis nitrogen stress response provide a better understanding of G. gracilis proteome responses to varying degrees of nitrogen limitation and is the first step in the identification of biomarkers for monitoring the nitrogen status of cultivated G. gracilis populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene K Naidoo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Muhammad S Rafudeen
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Vernon E Coyne
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
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21
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Abstract
While there is growing interest in understanding how marine life will respond to future ocean acidification, many coastal ecosystems currently experience intense acidification in response to upwelling, eutrophication, or riverine discharge. Such acidification can be inhibitory to calcifying animals, but less is known regarding how non-calcifying macroalgae may respond to elevated CO2. Here, we report on experiments performed during summer through fall with North Atlantic populations of Gracilaria and Ulva that were grown in situ within a mesotrophic estuary (Shinnecock Bay, NY, USA) or exposed to normal and elevated, but environmentally realistic, levels of pCO2 and/or nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus). In nearly all experiments, the growth rates of Gracilaria were significantly increased by an average of 70% beyond in situ and control conditions when exposed to elevated levels of pCO2 (p<0.05), but were unaffected by nutrient enrichment. In contrast, the growth response of Ulva was more complex as this alga experienced significantly (p<0.05) increased growth rates in response to both elevated pCO2 and elevated nutrients and, in two cases, pCO2 and nutrients interacted to provide a synergistically enhanced growth rate for Ulva. Across all experiments, elevated pCO2 significantly increased Ulva growth rates by 30% (p<0.05), while the response to nutrients was smaller (p>0.05). The δ13C content of both Gracilaria and Ulva decreased two-to-three fold when grown under elevated pCO2 (p<0.001) and mixing models demonstrated these macroalgae experienced a physiological shift from near exclusive use of HCO3- to primarily CO2 use when exposed to elevated pCO2. This shift in carbon use coupled with significantly increased growth in response to elevated pCO2 suggests that photosynthesis of these algae was limited by their inorganic carbon supply. Given that eutrophication can yield elevated levels of pCO2, this study suggests that the overgrowth of macroalgae in eutrophic estuaries can be directly promoted by acidification, a process that will intensify in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S. Young
- Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Southampton, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Gobler
- Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Southampton, New York, United States of America
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22
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Lim EL, Siow RS, Abdul Rahim R, Ho CL. Global Transcriptome Analysis of Gracilaria changii (Rhodophyta) in Response to Agarolytic Enzyme and Bacterium. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2016; 18:189-200. [PMID: 26631182 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many bacterial epiphytes of agar-producing seaweeds secrete agarase that degrade algal cell wall matrix into oligoagars which elicit defense-related responses in the hosts. The molecular defense responses of red seaweeds are largely unknown. In this study, we surveyed the defense-related transcripts of an agarophyte, Gracilaria changii, treated with β-agarase through next generation sequencing (NGS). We also compared the defense responses of seaweed elicited by agarase with those elicited by an agarolytic bacterium isolated from seaweed, by profiling the expression of defense-related genes using quantitative reverse transcription real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). NGS detected a total of 391 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a higher abundance (>2-fold change with a p value <0.001) in the agarase-treated transcriptome compared to that of the non-treated G. changii. Among these DEGs were genes related to signaling, bromoperoxidation, heme peroxidation, production of aromatic amino acids, chorismate, and jasmonic acid. On the other hand, the genes encoding a superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase and related to photosynthesis were downregulated. The expression of these DEGs was further corroborated by qRT-PCR results which showed more than 90 % accuracy. A comprehensive analysis of their gene expression profiles between 1 and 24 h post treatments (hpt) revealed that most of the genes analyzed were consistently upregulated or downregulated by both agarase and agarolytic bacterial treatments, indicating that the defense responses induced by both treatments are highly similar except for genes encoding vanadium bromoperoxidase and animal heme peroxidase. Our study has provided the first glimpse of the molecular defense responses of G. changii to agarase and agarolytic bacterial treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee-Leen Lim
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rouh-San Siow
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chai-Ling Ho
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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23
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Baghel RS, Trivedi N, Reddy CRK. A simple process for recovery of a stream of products from marine macroalgal biomass. Bioresour Technol 2016; 203:160-165. [PMID: 26722815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes a simple process for recovering a stream of products sequentially including bioethanol from the fresh biomass of the red seaweed Gracilaria corticata. From processing of 100g fresh biomass (∼12.2 g dry), 166 ± 3 μg/g R-phycoerythrin, 126±4μg/g R-phycocyanin can be realized on fresh weight basis, and 1.41 ± 0.03% crude lipid, 22.45 ± 0.53% agar, 12.39 ± 0.85% soil conditioner, 2.89 ± 0.04% bioethanol on dry weight basis along with 318 ± 3 ml of mineral rich liquid with possible fertilizer applications. The advantages of this process are complete utilization of feedstock without compromising the yield and quality of products, reusability of solvents and no solid waste. Further, the products recovered from one ton fresh biomass were found to have an estimated market value of USD 1051 while processing cost including raw material as 241 USD, a fourfold value addition of feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S Baghel
- Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Nitin Trivedi
- Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - C R K Reddy
- Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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24
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Kim SW, Hong CH, Jeon SW, Shin HJ. High-yield production of biosugars from Gracilaria verrucosa by acid and enzymatic hydrolysis processes. Bioresour Technol 2015; 196:634-641. [PMID: 26299978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gracilaria verrucosa, the red alga, is a suitable feedstock for biosugar production. This study analyzes biosugar production by the hydrolysis of G. verrucosa conducted under various conditions (i.e., various acid concentrations, substrate concentrations, reaction times, and enzyme dosages). The acid hydrolysates of G. verrucosa yielded a total of 7.47g/L (37.4%) and 10.63g/L (21.26%) of reducing sugars under optimal small (30mL) and large laboratory-scale (1L) hydrolysis processes, respectively. Reducing sugar obtained from acid and enzymatic hydrolysates were 10% higher, with minimum by-products, than those reported in other studies. The mass balance for the small laboratory-scale process showed that the acid and enzymatic hydrolysates had a carbohydrate conversion of 57.2%. The mass balance approach to the entire hydrolysis process of red seaweed for biosugar production can be applied to other saccharification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Won Kim
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, Chosun University, Gwnagju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Hwan Hong
- Research and Development Division, Hyundai Motor Group, Uiwang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Jeon
- Research and Development Division, Hyundai Motor Group, Uiwang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, Chosun University, Gwnagju, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Kumari P, Reddy CRK, Jha B. Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Lipidomic and Biochemical Alterations in the Intertidal Macroalga Gracilaria dura (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta). Plant Cell Physiol 2015; 56:1877-89. [PMID: 26276825 PMCID: PMC4715227 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of exogenously added methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a lipid-derived signaling compound, in inducing oxidative stress in the marine red macroalga Gracilaria dura was investigated. MeJA at a concentration of 1-100 µM was a strong stimulant of reactive oxygen species (H(2)O(2), HO· and O(2) (·-)) (P < 0.05) causing considerable oxidative stress in G. dura. This further led to lipid peroxidation and degradation of the pigments Chl a and phycocyanin, with a concomitant increase in phycoerythrin. The MeJA-induced oxidative burst also led to the induction of a fatty acid oxidation cascade, resulting in the synthesis of hydroxy-oxylipins and the up-regulation of the 13-lipoxygenase pathway. Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomic analysis revealed that monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (a chloroplastic glycerolipid) and phosphatidylcholine (extrachloroplastidic phopholipid) were the most affected lipid classes. The degradation of 18:3-fatty acid-containing monogalactosyldiacylglycerol inferred that it provided fatty acyl chains for the biosynthesis of 13-hydroperoxylinolenic acid, which was further directed towards either the jasmonate pathway or other alternative pathways of the fatty acid oxidation cascade, analogous to higher plants. Also, G. dura modulated the lipid acyl chains in such a way that no significant change was observed in the fatty acid profile of the treated thalli as compared with those of the control, except for C16:0, C16:1 (n-9), C20:3 (n-6) and C20:4 (n-6) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, MeJA caused the accumulation of phenolic compounds and the up-regulation of enzymes involved in secondary metabolism such as polyphenol oxidase, shikimate dehydrogenase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, indicating a shift towards secondary metabolism as a defense strategy to combat the induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Kumari
- Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India Present address: Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - C R K Reddy
- Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
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26
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Francavilla M, Manara P, Kamaterou P, Monteleone M, Zabaniotou A. Cascade approach of red macroalgae Gracilaria gracilis sustainable valorization by extraction of phycobiliproteins and pyrolysis of residue. Bioresour Technol 2015; 184:305-313. [PMID: 25465784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins extraction (primary refining) from Gracilaria gracilis seaweed, harvested in Lesina Lagoon (Italy) and further valorization of the residual algal via pyrolysis (secondary refining), were investigated with a cascade biorefinery approach. R-phycoerythrin (7 mg/g d.w.), allophycocyanin (3.5 mg/g d.w.) and phycocyanin (2 mg/g d.w.) were the main phycobiliproteins extracted. Pyrolysis of G.gracilis residue followed, aiming to investigate the production of bio-oil and biochar within a pyrolysis temperature range of 400-600 °C. Results showed that the bio-oil yield is high (∼65 wt%) at pyrolysis temperature ∼500 °C, but its high content in nitrogenous compounds prevents its use as a biofuel, unless some further de-nitrogenation takes place. Biochar yield ranged between 33 wt% (400 °C) and 26.5 wt% (600 °C). Interestingly, inorganic nutrients including P, K, Ca, Fe and Mg were detected in biochar, suggesting its potential use as recovering system of natural mineral resources from the oceanic reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Francavilla
- STAR∗AgroEnergy Research Group, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; National Research Council, Institute of Marine Science, Lesina, Italy
| | - P Manara
- Biomass Group, Dept of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P Kamaterou
- Biomass Group, Dept of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Monteleone
- STAR∗AgroEnergy Research Group, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - A Zabaniotou
- STAR∗AgroEnergy Research Group, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Biomass Group, Dept of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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27
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Jeong GT, Kim SK, Park DH. Application of solid-acid catalyst and marine macro-algae Gracilaria verrucosa to production of fermentable sugars. Bioresour Technol 2015; 181:1-6. [PMID: 25625460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the hydrolysis of marine macro-algae Gracilaria verrucosa with a solid-acid catalyst was investigated. To optimize the hydrolysis, four reaction factors, including liquid-to-solid ratio, catalyst loading, reaction temperature, and reaction time, were investigated. In the results, the highest total reducing sugar (TRS) yield, 61 g/L (51.9%), was obtained under the following conditions: 1:7.5 solid-to-liquid ratio, 15% (w/v) catalyst loading, 140 °C reaction temperature, and 150 min reaction time. Under these conditions, 10.7 g/L of 5-HMF and 2.5 g/L of levulinic acid (LA) were generated. The application of solid-acid catalyst and marine macro-algae resources shows a very high potential for production of fermentable sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwi-Taek Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
| | - Sung-Koo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea
| | - Don-Hee Park
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program of Graduate School for Bioenergy and Biomaterials, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
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28
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Wu H, Huo Y, Han F, Liu Y, He P. Bioremediation using Gracilaria chouae co-cultured with Sparus macrocephalus to manage the nitrogen and phosphorous balance in an IMTA system in Xiangshan Bay, China. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 91:272-9. [PMID: 25561001 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A cage experiment using the red alga Gracilaria chouae co-cultured with the black seabream Sparus macrocephalus in Xiangshan Bay, China was conducted to measure the nutrient flux of the integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system. Results showed that trash fish were the main nutrient input contributor and adult fish were the main nutrient output contributor in the system. Contents of N and P in adult fish accounted for 54.45% and 59.48% of N and P in trash fish and fry, which suggests that 45.55% of N and 40.52% of P generated by fish farming were released into to the water. G. chouae proved to be an efficient bioremediation species in this IMTA system. To balance the excess nutrients generated by the system, 231.09 kg of seedlings should be cultured and 5315.07 kg of adult seaweed should be harvested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wu
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuanzi Huo
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Fang Han
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Peimin He
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, China.
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29
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Malea P, Chatziapostolou A, Kevrekidis T. Trace element seasonality in marine macroalgae of different functional-form groups. Mar Environ Res 2015; 103:18-26. [PMID: 25460058 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Novel information on the seasonality of element accumulation in seaweeds is provided. Seasonal patterns of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, U, V and Zn concentrations in macroalgae belonging to different functional-form groups (Ulva intestinalis, Ulva rigida, Codium fragile, Gracilaria gracilis) from the Thessaloniki Gulf, Aegean Sea were determined and compared. Uni- and multivariate data analyses were applied. Element concentrations generally decreased during spring and/or summer, probably due to the growth effect, but a reverse trend, particularly in Ulva species, was also observed. Most elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr) in Ulva species displayed a comparatively low monthly variability, indicating that the extent of seasonal variation is closely related to thallus morphology and growth strategy. In particular, these data suggest that Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb and Sr contents in fast-growing, sheet-like macroalgae are less influenced by the season, compared to their contents in coarsely-branched and thick-leathery macroalgae; therefore, sheet-like macroalgae may be more appropriate to be used in biomonitoring of coastal waters. The data presented could be utilized in the development of biomonitoring programmes for the protection of coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Malea
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Theodoros Kevrekidis
- Laboratory of Environmental Research and Education, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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30
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Wang C, Lei A, Zhou K, Hu Z, Hao W, Yang J. Growth and nitrogen uptake characteristics reveal outbreak mechanism of the opportunistic macroalga Gracilaria tenuistipitata. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108980. [PMID: 25299123 PMCID: PMC4192001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae has bloomed in the brackish lake of Shenzhen Bay, China continuously from 2010 to 2014. Gracilaria tenuistipitata was identified as the causative macroalgal species. The aim of this study was to explore the outbreak mechanism of G. tenuistipitata, by studying the effects of salinity and nitrogen sources on growth, and the different nitrogen sources uptake characteristic. Our experimental design was based on environmental conditions observed in the bloom areas, and these main factors were simulated in the laboratory. Results showed that salinity 12 to 20 ‰ was suitable for G. tenuistipitata growth. When the nitrogen sources' (NH4+, NO3−) concentrations reached 40 µM or above, the growth rate of G. tenuistipitata was significantly higher. Algal biomass was higher (approximately 1.4 times) when cultured with NH4+ than that with NO3− addition. Coincidentally, macroalgal bloom formed during times of moderate salinity (∼12 ‰) and high nitrogen conditions. The NH4+ and NO3− uptake characteristic was studied to understand the potential mechanism of G. tenuistipitata bloom. NH4+ uptake was best described by a linear, rate-unsaturated response, with the slope decreasing with time intervals. In contrast, NO3− uptake followed a rate-saturating mechanism best described by the Michaelis-Menten model, with kinetic parameters Vmax = 37.2 µM g−1 DM h−1 and Ks = 61.5 µM. Further, based on the isotope 15N tracer method, we found that 15N from NH4+ accumulated faster and reached an atom% twice than that of 15N from NO3−, suggesting when both NH4+ and NO3− were available, NH4+ was assimilated more rapidly. The results of the present study indicate that in the estuarine environment, the combination of moderate salinity with high ammonium may stimulate bloom formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Anping Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (AL); (KZ)
| | - Kai Zhou
- Shenzhen Marine Environment and Resources Monitoring Center, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (AL); (KZ)
| | - Zhengyu Hu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenlong Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junda Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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31
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Wu FC, Wu JY, Liao YJ, Wang MY, Shih IL. Sequential acid and enzymatic hydrolysis in situ and bioethanol production from Gracilaria biomass. Bioresour Technol 2014; 156:123-31. [PMID: 24491295 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Gracilaria sp., a red alga, was used as a feedstock for the production of bioethanol. Saccharification of Gracilaria sp. by sequential acid and enzyme hydrolysis in situ produced a high quality hydrolysate that ensured its fermentability to produce ethanol. The optimal saccharification process resulted in total 11.85g/L (59.26%) of glucose and galactose, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Wu-Y2 showed a good performance on co-fermentability of glucose and galactose released in the hydrolysate from Gracilaria sp. The final ethanol concentrations of 4.72g/L (0.48g/g sugar consumed; 94% conversion efficiency) and the ethanol productivity 4.93g/L/d were achieved. 1g of dry Gracilaria can be converted to 0.236g (23.6%) of bioethanol via the processes developed. Efficient alcohol production by immobilized S. cerevisiae Wu-Y2 in batch and repeated batch fermentation was also demonstrated. The findings of this study revealed that Gracilaria sp. can be a potential feedstock in biorefinery for ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Chen Wu
- Department of Bioindustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jane-Yii Wu
- Department of Bioindustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jyun Liao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Man-Ying Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Lung Shih
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan.
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Gouveia C, Kreusch M, Schmidt ÉC, Felix MRDL, Osorio LKP, Pereira DT, dos Santos R, Ouriques LC, Martins RDP, Latini A, Ramlov F, Carvalho TJG, Chow F, Maraschin M, Bouzon ZL. The effects of lead and copper on the cellular architecture and metabolism of the red alga Gracilaria domingensis. Microsc Microanal 2013; 19:513-524. [PMID: 23551883 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927613000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of lead and copper on apical segments of Gracilaria domingensis was examined. Over a period of 7 days, the segments were cultivated with concentrations of 5 and 10 ppm under laboratory conditions. The samples were processed for light, confocal, and electron microscopy, as well as histochemistry, to evaluate growth rates, mitochondrial activity, protein levels, chlorophyll a, phycobiliproteins, and carotenoids. After 7 days of exposure to lead and copper, growth rates were slower than control, and biomass loss was observed on copper-treated plants. Ultrastructural damage was primarily observed in the internal organization of chloroplasts and cell wall thickness. X-ray microanalysis detected lead in the cell wall, while copper was detected in both the cytoplasm and cell wall. Moreover, lead and copper exposure led to photodamage of photosynthetic pigments and, consequently, changes in photosynthesis. However, protein content and glutathione reductase activity decreased only in the copper treatments. In both treatments, decreased mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase activity was observed. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that (1) heavy metals such as lead and copper negatively affect various morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes in G. domingensis and (2) copper is more toxic than lead in G. domingensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiane Gouveia
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Kumar S, Gupta R, Kumar G, Sahoo D, Kuhad RC. Bioethanol production from Gracilaria verrucosa, a red alga, in a biorefinery approach. Bioresour Technol 2013; 135:150-156. [PMID: 23312437 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Gracilaria verrucosa, red seaweed has been used for production of agar and bioethanol. The algae harvested at various time durations resulted in extraction of ~27-33% agar. The leftover pulp was found to contain ~62-68% holocellulose, which on enzymatic hydrolysis yielded 0.87 g sugars/g cellulose. The enzymatic hydrolysate on fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced ethanol with an ethanol yield of 0.43 g/g sugars. The mass balance evaluation of the complete process demonstrates that developing biorefinery approach for exploiting Gracilaria verrucosa, a red alga, could be commercially viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savindra Kumar
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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dos Santos RW, Schmidt ÉC, Bouzon ZL. Changes in ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the agarophyte Gracilaria domingensis (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales) treated with cadmium. Protoplasma 2013; 250:297-305. [PMID: 22580598 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The agarophyte macroalgae Gracilaria domingensis (Kützing) Sonder ex Dickie is widely distributed along the Brazilian coast. While this species produces agarana, it is more important in the human diet. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the biological effects of cadmium on its morphology and cellular organization. To accomplish this, the effects of cadmium in apical segments of G. domingensis were examined in vitro. Over a period of 16 days, the segments were cultivated and exposed to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at 80 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1), with cadmium treatments in doses of 100, 200 and 300 μM. The samples were processed for light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Histochemical analyses included Toluidine Blue for acidic polysaccharides, Coomassie Brilliant Blue for total protein, and Periodic Acidic Schiff for neutral polysaccharides. In all cadmium treatments, cytochemical analysis showed 1) metachromatic granulation in vacuole and lenticular thickness of the cell wall, 2) a higher concentration of cytoplasmic organelles, and 3) an increase in the number of floridean starch grains. Cadmium also caused changes in the ultrastructure of cortical and subcortical cells, including increased cell wall thickness and vacuole volume, as well as the destruction of chloroplast internal organization and increased number of plastoglobuli. In addition, treated plants showed a gradual increase in surface roughness, apparently the result of cadmium absorption. Taken together, these findings strongly suggested that cadmium negatively affects the agarophyte G. domingensis, posing a threat to the vitality of this plant species as a supplement in the human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo W dos Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Development, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, 88049-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Sivasamy A, Nethaji S, Nisha LLJL. Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the biosorption of reactive acid dye on Enteromorpha flexuosa and Gracilaria corticata. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2012; 19:1687-1695. [PMID: 22161297 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biosorption is an emerging, eco-friendly and economical method for treating the wastewater effluents. Compared to many other biological materials, algae biomass proved to be the better biosorbent due to the presence of cell wall polymers in them. METHODS Algal biomasses namely Enteromorpha flexuosa and Gracilaria corticata were dried, crushed and used as biosorbents. Ponceau S, a diazo dye was used as a model adsorbate for the biosorption studies. The biosorbents were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, FT-IR and zero point charge. Batch studies were performed by varying pH, biosorbent dosage and initial dye concentrations. Adsorption isotherms, kinetic and thermodynamic analyses were carried out. The effect of electrolytes was also studied. Batch desorption studies were also carried out using various reagents. RESULTS Isotherm data were tested with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the results suggested that the Freundlich isotherm fitted the data well. Kinetic studies were performed with varying initial dye concentrations and the data were incorporated with pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order kinetic equations and was found that the studied biosorption processes followed pseudo second-order kinetic equation. Thermodynamic parameters were evaluated at three different temperatures 293 K, 300 K and 313 K. About 95% of the dye could be desorbed from both the biosorbents. CONCLUSION Both the algal biomasses had heterogeneous surfaces and followed pseudo second-order chemical kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters proved that the biosorption by both the biomasses were spontaneous, feasible and endothermic processes. Desorption studies proved the worth of the algal biomasses as biosorbents in industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sivasamy
- Chemical Engineering Area, Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Adyar, Chennai, India.
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Xu D, Gao Z, Zhang X, Fan X, Wang Y, Li D, Wang W, Zhuang Z, Ye N. Allelopathic interactions between the opportunistic species Ulva prolifera and the native macroalga Gracilaria lichvoides. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33648. [PMID: 22496758 PMCID: PMC3322121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Allelopathy, one type of direct plant competition, can be a potent mechanism through which plant communities are structured. The aim of this study was to determine whether allelopathic interactions occur between the opportunistic green tide-forming species Ulva prolifera and the native macroalga Gracilaria lichvoides, both of which were collected from the coastline of East China sea. In laboratory experiments, the presence of G. lichvoides at 1.25 g wet weight L(-1) significantly inhibited growth and photosynthesis of U. prolifera at concentrations of 1.25, 2.50, and 3.75 g wet weight L(-1) (p<0.05) in both semi-continuous co-culture assays and in co-culture assays without nutrient supplementation. In contrast, although U. prolifera had a density effect on G. lichvoides, the differences among treatments were not significant (p>0.05). Culture medium experiments further confirmed that some allelochemicals may be released by both of the tested macroalgae, and these could account for the observed physiological inhibition of growth and photosynthesis. Moreover, the native macroalgae G. lichvoides was a stronger competitor than the opportunistic species U. prolifera. Collectively, the results of the present study represent a significant advance in exploring ecological questions about the effects of green tide blooms on the macroalgal community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengquan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Demao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioproce Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhimeng Zhuang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Naihao Ye
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
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de Almeida CLF, Falcão HDS, Lima GRDM, Montenegro CDA, Lira NS, de Athayde-Filho PF, Rodrigues LC, de Souza MDFV, Barbosa-Filho JM, Batista LM. Bioactivities from marine algae of the genus Gracilaria. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:4550-73. [PMID: 21845096 PMCID: PMC3155369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12074550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are an important source of bioactive metabolites for the pharmaceutical industry in drug development. Many of these compounds are used to treat diseases like cancer, acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS), inflammation, pain, arthritis, as well as viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. This paper offers a survey of the literature for Gracilaria algae extracts with biological activity, and identifies avenues for future research. Nineteen species of this genus that were tested for antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antihypertensive, cytotoxic, spermicidal, embriotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities are cited from the 121 references consulted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Layse F. de Almeida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Heloina de S. Falcão
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Gedson R. de M. Lima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Camila de A. Montenegro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Narlize S. Lira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Petrônio F. de Athayde-Filho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Luis C. Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Maria de Fátima V. de Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - José M. Barbosa-Filho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Leônia M. Batista
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
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Abstract
The overall goal of this work was to develop a saccharification method for the production of third generation biofuel (i.e. bioethanol) using feedstock of the invasive marine macroalga Gracilaria salicornia. Under optimum conditions (120 °C and 2% sulfuric acid for 30 min), dilute acid hydrolysis of the homogenized invasive plants yielded a low concentration of glucose (4.1 mM or 4.3 g glucose/kg fresh algal biomass). However, two-stage hydrolysis of the homogenates (combination of dilute acid hydrolysis with enzymatic hydrolysis) produced 13.8 g of glucose from one kilogram of fresh algal feedstock. Batch fermentation analysis produced 79.1 g EtOH from one kilogram of dried invasive algal feedstock using the ethanologenic strain Escherichia coli KO11. Furthermore, ethanol production kinetics indicated that the invasive algal feedstock contained different types of sugar, including C(5) -sugar. This study represents the first report on third generation biofuel production from invasive macroalgae, suggesting that there is great potential for the production of renewable energy using marine invasive biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI 96822, USA
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Marinho-Soriano E, Panucci RA, Carneiro MAA, Pereira DC. Evaluation of Gracilaria caudata J. Agardh for bioremediation of nutrients from shrimp farming wastewater. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100:6192-6198. [PMID: 19665374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The accelerated development of shrimp farming in Brazil in recent decades has caused negative impacts to the environment. The most evident effects resulting from this activity is the increase in organic material, the reduction in oxygen and the excessive rise in water nutrients. Thus, there is a need for finding alternative solutions that can mitigate the negative impacts caused by this activity. A potentially viable solution is the use of macroalgae to remove nutrients from the cultivation systems. This study examined in situ (shrimp pond), the growth and storage of nitrogen and phosphorous from the macroalga Gracilaria caudata. A short-term measurement experiment was also conducted to evaluate the bioremediation potential this species. These results showed positive values for biomass and growth during the study period, except at day 45 for the tubular nets and day 75 for the cages, when they reached lower values than those of the initial weight. The results obtained indicate that G. caudata may reach annual production of 59.16 ton ha(-1) of wet weight, which corresponds to 11.83 ton dry weight. Nitrogen and phosphorous content in the algal tissues increased with time. The mean for the period was 2.61+/-0.26% and 0.20+/-0.03% for the nitrogen and phosphorous, respectively. An estimate of the data showed that 1 ha of cultivated algae has the potential to remove 0.309 ton ha(-1) year(-1) of nitrogen and 0.024 ton ha(-1) year(-1) of phosphorous. The study of the biofiltration capacity of G. caudata showed a significant reduction in nutrients. The removal of NH(4)-N was around 59.5%, NO(3)-N 49.6% and PO(4)-P 12.3% in 4 h. These results suggest that although G. caudata showed relatively modest growth rates, they can be cultivated together with shrimp and can contribute to the removal of nitrogen and phosphorous from the pond. Moreover, the capacity to efficiently remove nutrients demonstrated in laboratory experiments encourages the use of this alga as a bioremediation agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Marinho-Soriano
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Depto. de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Via Costeira, Praia de Mãe Luiza, s/n, Natal 59014-100, RN, Brazil.
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Jonnadula R, Verma P, Shouche YS, Ghadi SC. Characterization of Microbulbifer strain CMC-5, a new biochemical variant of Microbulbifer elongatus type strain DSM6810T isolated from decomposing seaweeds. Curr Microbiol 2009; 59:600-7. [PMID: 19701665 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-009-9480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore forming, non-motile and moderate halophilic bacteria designated as strain CMC-5 was isolated from decomposing seaweeds by enrichment culture. The growth of strain CMC-5 was assessed in synthetic seawater-based medium containing polysaccharide. The bacterium degraded and utilized agar, alginate, carrageenan, xylan, carboxymethyl cellulose and chitin. The strain was characterized using a polyphasic approach for taxonomic identification. Cellular fatty acid analysis showed the presence of iso-C(15:0) as major fatty acid and significant amounts of iso-C(17:1x9c) and C(18:1x7c). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequence indicated that strain CMC-5 is phylogenetically related to Microbulbifer genus and 99% similar to type strain Microbulbifer elongatus DSM6810T. However in contrast to Microbulbifer elongatus DSM6810T, strain CMC-5 is non-motile, utilizes glucose, galactose, inositol and xylan, does not utilize fructose and succinate nor does it produce H2S. Further growth of bacterial strain CMC-5 was observed when inoculated in seawater-based medium containing sterile pieces of Gracilaria corticata thalli. The bacterial growth was associated with release of reducing sugar in the broth suggesting its role in carbon recycling of polysaccharides from seaweeds in marine ecosystem.
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Ho CL, Teoh S, Teo SS, Rahim RA, Phang SM. Profiling the transcriptome of Gracilaria changii (Rhodophyta) in response to light deprivation. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2009; 11:513-9. [PMID: 19043658 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-008-9166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Light regulates photosynthesis, growth and reproduction, yield and properties of phycocolloids, and starch contents in seaweeds. Despite its importance as an environmental cue that regulates many developmental, physiological, and biochemical processes, the network of genes involved during light deprivation are obscure. In this study, we profiled the transcriptome of Gracilaria changii at two different irradiance levels using a cDNA microarray containing more than 3,000 cDNA probes. Microarray analysis revealed that 93 and 105 genes were up- and down-regulated more than 3-fold under light deprivation, respectively. However, only 50% of the transcripts have significant matches to the nonredundant peptide sequences in the database. The transcripts that accumulated under light deprivation include vanadium chloroperoxidase, thioredoxin, ferredoxin component, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase. Among the genes that were down-regulated under light deprivation were genes encoding light harvesting protein, light harvesting complex I, phycobilisome 7.8 kDa linker polypeptide, low molecular weight early light-inducible protein, and vanadium bromoperoxidase. Our findings also provided important clues to the functions of many unknown sequences that could not be annotated using sequence comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai-Ling Ho
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Rodríguez MC, Matulewicz MC, Noseda MD, Ducatti DRB, Leonardi PI. Agar from Gracilaria gracilis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) of the Patagonic coast of Argentina--content, structure and physical properties. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100:1435-41. [PMID: 18809318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Milled summer thalli of Gracilaria gracilis from Argentina were sequentially extracted with water at room temperature (RTW1-3), 70 degrees C (W701-3) and 90 degrees C (W901-2). Both W701 and W901 consisted of high molecular weight polysaccharides (ca. 540,000Da), but polydispersity was higher for the major product W701 (yield, 72% of the recovered). Structural analyzes by methylation and (13)C NMR spectroscopy revealed that W701 was mainly agarose. Alkaline treatment, together with structural analyzes, indicated a negligible proportion of precursor l-galactose 6-sulfate residues in this product, while they were clearly detected in the (13)C NMR spectra of RTW2-3. The presence of floridean starch in W901 had an antagonistic effect on its gel strength, which resulted nearly three times lower than that of fraction W701. Ultrastructural observation by transmission electron microscopy showed that, after extraction with hot water, a partial loss of cell wall stratification and disorganization of the cuticle had occurred. Final cellular debris exhibited swelling in the microfibrillar component. After this first thorough study of the chemical composition and physical properties of the products of G. gracilis from Bahía Bustamante we conclude that a good quality agarose is obtained in high yield after extraction with water at 70 degrees C without the requirement of alkaline pretreatment, which usually produces degradation of the polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Thornber CS, DiMilla P, Nixon SW, McKinney RA. Natural and anthropogenic nitrogen uptake by bloom-forming macroalgae. Mar Pollut Bull 2008; 56:261-269. [PMID: 18083201 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and duration of macroalgal blooms have increased in many coastal waters over the past several decades. We used field surveys and laboratory culturing experiments to examine the nitrogen content and delta(15)N values of Ulva and Gracilaria, two bloom-forming algal genera in Narragansett Bay, RI (USA). The northern end of this bay is densely populated with large sewage treatment plant nitrogen inputs; the southern end is more lightly populated and opens to the Atlantic Ocean. Field-collected Ulva varied in delta(15)N among sites, but with two exceptions had delta(15)N above 10 per thousand, reflecting a significant component of heavy anthropogenic N. This variation was not correlated with a north-south gradient. Both Ulva and Gracilaria cultured in water from across Narragansett Bay also had high signals (delta(15)N= approximately 14-17 per thousand and 8-12 per thousand, respectively). These results indicate that inputs of anthropogenic N can have far-reaching impacts throughout estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol S Thornber
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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Yotsu-Yamashita M, Yasumoto T, Yamada S, Bajarias FFA, Formeloza MA, Romero ML, Fukuyo Y. Identification of polycavernoside A as the causative agent of the fatal food poisoning resulting from ingestion of the red Alga Gracilaria edulis in the Philippines. Chem Res Toxicol 2005; 17:1265-71. [PMID: 15377161 DOI: 10.1021/tx0498556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of seaweed poisonings are widely spread over the pacific area. Fatal glycosidic macrolides, polycavernosides, and potent tumor promoters, aplysiatoxins, have been previously isolated from edible seaweed. During 2002-2003, three fatal poisoning incidents occurred resulting from ingestion of two edible red alga, Acanthophora specifera and Gracilaria edulis, in Philippines causing eight deaths among 36 patients. Analytical methods for polycavernosides and aplysiatoxins were first developed, and the causative toxin from G. edulis, collected during the second poisoning event on December 2, 2002, was then investigated. The semipurified toxic fraction obtained from this alga based on mouse bioassay was applied to LC-diode array detection (LC-DAD) and LC/electrospray-MS (LC/ESI-MS) analyses. Both LC-DAD and LC/MS chromatograms of this fraction suggested the presence of polycavernoside A (PA) by comparison with the authentic PA. The amount of PA in the alga was estimated as 84 and 72 nmol/kg, using the standard calibration curves for LC-DAD and for LC/ESI-MS in single ion monitoring (SIM) mode, respectively. Other polycavernoside congeners, A2, A3, and B2, and aplysiatoxin and debromoaplysiatoxin were less than the detection limit (2 nmol/kg alga, signal-to-noise ratio: 3) by LC/ESI-MS SIM analysis. In ESI-MS/MS, authentic polycavernosides showed the daughter ions corresponding to a sequential loss of fucosylxylose residues. These fragmentations were applied to LC/ESI-MS/MS for polycavernosides in selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. On SRM mass chromatograms, the toxic fraction from the alga showed the peaks corresponding to PA, supporting the identification of PA as the cause of poisoning of G. edulis in Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Yotsu-Yamashita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
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Xia JR, Li YJ, Lu J, Chen B. Effects of copper and cadmium on growth, photosynthesis, and pigment content in Gracilaria lemaneiformis. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2004; 73:979-986. [PMID: 15674710 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-004-0522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J R Xia
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
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