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Kayani SI, -Rahman SU, Shen Q, Cui Y, Liu W, Hu X, Zhu F, Huo S. Molecular approaches to enhance astaxanthin biosynthesis; future outlook: engineering of transcription factors in Haematococcus pluvialis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:514-529. [PMID: 37380353 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2208284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are the preferred species for producing astaxanthin because they pose a low toxicity risk than chemical synthesis. Astaxanthin has multiple health benefits and is being used in: medicines, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods. Haematococcus pluvialis is a model microalga for astaxanthin biosynthesis; however, its natural astaxanthin content is low. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods to improve the biosynthesis of astaxanthin to meet industrial demands, making its commercialization cost-effective. Several strategies related to cultivation conditions are employed to enhance the biosynthesis of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis. However, the mechanism of its regulation by transcription factors is unknown. For the first time, this study critically reviewed the studies on identifying transcription factors, progress in H. pluvialis genetic transformation, and use of phytohormones that increase the gene expression related to astaxanthin biosynthesis. In addition, we propose future approaches, including (i) Cloning and characterization of transcription factors, (ii) Transcriptional engineering through overexpression of positive regulators or downregulation/silencing of negative regulators, (iii) Gene editing for enrichment or deletion of transcription factors binding sites, (iv) Hormonal modulation of transcription factors. This review provides considerable knowledge about the molecular regulation of astaxanthin biosynthesis and the existing research gap. Besides, it provides the basis for transcription factors mediated metabolic engineering of astaxanthin biosynthesis in H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf-Ilyas Kayani
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Saeed-Ur -Rahman
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xinjuan Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Wang X, Meng C, Zhang H, Xing W, Cao K, Zhu B, Zhang C, Sun F, Gao Z. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Characterizations of the Molecular Response to Blue Light and Salicylic Acid in Haematococcus pluvialis. Mar Drugs 2021; 20:md20010001. [PMID: 35049856 PMCID: PMC8780009 DOI: 10.3390/md20010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates a large amount of astaxanthin under various stresses, e.g., blue light and salicylic acid (SA). However, the metabolic response of H. pluvialis to blue light and SA is still unclear. We investigate the effects of blue light and SA on the metabolic response in H. pluvialis using both transcriptomic and proteomic sequencing analyses. The largest numbers of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs; 324) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 13,555) were identified on day 2 and day 7 of the treatment with blue light irradiation (150 μmol photons m−2s−1), respectively. With the addition of SA (2.5 mg/L), a total of 63 DEPs and 11,638 DEGs were revealed on day 2 and day 7, respectively. We further analyzed the molecular response in five metabolic pathways related to astaxanthin synthesis, including the astaxanthin synthesis pathway, the fatty acid synthesis pathway, the heme synthesis pathway, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) clearance pathway, and the cell wall biosynthesis pathway. Results show that blue light causes a significant down-regulation of the expression of key genes involved in astaxanthin synthesis and significantly increases the expression of heme oxygenase, which shows decreased expression by the treatment with SA. Our study provides novel insights into the production of astaxanthin by H. pluvialis treated with blue light and SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (X.W.); (C.M.); (W.X.); (K.C.); (B.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chunxiao Meng
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (X.W.); (C.M.); (W.X.); (K.C.); (B.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China;
| | - Wei Xing
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (X.W.); (C.M.); (W.X.); (K.C.); (B.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Kai Cao
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (X.W.); (C.M.); (W.X.); (K.C.); (B.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Bingkui Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (X.W.); (C.M.); (W.X.); (K.C.); (B.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chengsong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (X.W.); (C.M.); (W.X.); (K.C.); (B.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Fengjie Sun
- School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, 1000 University Center Lane, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhengquan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China;
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (Z.G.)
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Ahirwar A, Meignen G, Jahir Khan M, Sirotiya V, Scarsini M, Roux S, Marchand J, Schoefs B, Vinayak V. "Light modulates transcriptomic dynamics upregulating astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus: A review". BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125707. [PMID: 34371336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis is a green alga that can accumulate high astaxanthin content, a commercially demanding market keto food. Due to its high predicted market value of about 3.4 billion USD in 2027, it is essential to increase its production. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the genetic mechanism and gene expressions profile during astaxanthin synthesis. The effect of poly- and mono-chromatic light of different wavelengths and different intensities have shown to influence the gene expression towards astaxanthin production. This includes transcriptomic gene analysis in H. pluvialis underneath different levels of illumination stress. This review has placed the most recent data on the effects of light on bioastaxanthin production in the context of previous studies, which were more focused on the biochemical and physiological sides. Doing so, it contributes to delineate new ways along the biotechnological process with the aim to increase bioastaxanthin production while decreasing production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankesh Ahirwar
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India; Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Gurvan Meignen
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India; Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Mohd Jahir Khan
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Vandana Sirotiya
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Matteo Scarsini
- Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Sylvain Roux
- BIO-CONCEPT Scientific, 12 rue de l'Europe, F-14220 Tournebu, France
| | - Justine Marchand
- Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India.
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The Functionally Characterization of Putative Genes Involved in the Formation of Mannose in the Aplanospore Cell Wall of Haematococcus pluvialis (Volvocales, Chlorophyta). Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110725. [PMID: 34822383 PMCID: PMC8618704 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unicellular volvocalean green algal Haematococcus pluvialis, known as astaxanthin rich microalgae, transforms into aplanospore stage from the flagellate stage when exposed to the stress environments. However, the mechanism of the formation of aplanospore cell wall, which hinders the extraction of astaxanthin and the genetic manipulation is still unclear. In this study, the cell wall components under salicylic acid and high light stresses were explored, and cellulose was considered the main component in the flagellates, which changed gradually into mannose in the aplanospore stages. During the period, the genes related to the cellulose and mannose metabolisms were identified based on the RNA-seq data, which presented a similar expression pattern. The positive correlations were observed among these studied genes by Pearson Correlation (PC) analysis, indicating the coordination between pathways of cellulose and mannose metabolism. The study firstly explored the formation mechanism of aplanospore cell wall, which might be of scientific significance in the study of H. pluvialis.
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Hu Q, Huang D, Li A, Hu Z, Gao Z, Yang Y, Wang C. Transcriptome-based analysis of the effects of salicylic acid and high light on lipid and astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:82. [PMID: 33794980 PMCID: PMC8017637 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unicellular alga Haematococcus pluvialis has achieved considerable interests for its capacity to accumulate large amounts of triacylglycerol and astaxanthin under various environmental stresses. To our knowledge, studies focusing on transcriptome research of H. pluvialis under exogenous hormones together with physical stresses are rare. In the present study, the change patterns at transcriptome level were analyzed to distinguish the multiple defensive systems of astaxanthin and fatty acid metabolism against exogenous salicylic acid and high light (SAHL) stresses. RESULTS Based on RNA-seq data, a total of 112,463 unigenes and 61,191 genes were annotated in six databases, including NR, KEGG, Swiss-Prot, PFAM, COG and GO. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in KEGG identified many transcripts that associated with the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites, photosynthesis, and immune system responses. Furthermore, 705 unigenes predicted as putative transcription factors (TFs) were identified, and the most abundant TFs families were likely to be associated with the biosynthesis of astaxanthin and fatty acid in H. pluvialis upon exposure to SAHL stresses. Additionally, majority of the fifteen key genes involved in astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways presented the same expression pattern, resulting in increased accumulation of astaxanthin and fatty acids in single celled H. pluvialis, in which astaxanthin content increased from 0.56 ± 0.05 mg·L-1 at stage Control to 0.89 ± 0.12 mg·L-1 at stage SAHL_48. And positive correlations were observed among these studied genes by Pearson Correlation (PC) analysis, indicating the coordination between astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis. In addition, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis also demonstrated that this coordination might be at transcriptional level. CONCLUSION The results in this study provided valuable information to illustrate the molecular mechanisms of coordinate relations between astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis. And salicylic acid might play a role in self-protection processes of cells, helping adaption of H. pluvialis to high light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunju Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Xueyuan Road No. 1066, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041 China
| | - Danqiong Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Xueyuan Road No. 1066, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Anguo Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Xueyuan Road No. 1066, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Xueyuan Road No. 1066, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengquan Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049 China
| | - Yongli Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041 China
| | - Chaogang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Xueyuan Road No. 1066, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
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Hu Q, Song M, Huang D, Hu Z, Wu Y, Wang C. Haematococcus pluvialis Accumulated Lipid and Astaxanthin in a Moderate and Sustainable Way by the Self-Protection Mechanism of Salicylic Acid Under Sodium Acetate Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:763742. [PMID: 34868161 PMCID: PMC8639525 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.763742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism underlying increased fatty acid and astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis, transcriptome analysis was performed to gain insights into the multiple defensive systems elicited by salicylic acid combined with sodium acetate (SAHS) stresses with a time course. Totally, 112,886 unigenes and 61,323 non-repeat genes were identified, and genes involved in carbon metabolism, primary and secondary metabolism, and immune system responses were identified. The results revealed that SA and NaAC provide both energy and precursors to improve cell growth of H. pluvialis and enhance carbon assimilation, astaxanthin, and fatty acids production in this microalga with an effective mechanism. Interestingly, SA was considered to play an important role in lowering transcriptional activity of the fatty acid and astaxanthin biosynthesis genes through self-protection metabolism in H. pluvialis, leading to its adaption to HS stress and finally avoiding massive cell death. Moreover, positive correlations between 15 key genes involved in astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were found, revealing cooperative relation between these pathways at the transcription level. These results not only enriched our knowledge of the astaxanthin accumulation mechanism in H. pluvialis but also provided a new view on increasing astaxanthin production in H. pluvialis by a moderate and sustainable way in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunju Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Marine Resources Big Data Center of South China Sea, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mingjian Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Danqiong Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chaogang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chaogang Wang,
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Kumar G, Shekh A, Jakhu S, Sharma Y, Kapoor R, Sharma TR. Bioengineering of Microalgae: Recent Advances, Perspectives, and Regulatory Challenges for Industrial Application. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:914. [PMID: 33014997 PMCID: PMC7494788 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae, due to their complex metabolic capacity, are being continuously explored for nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and other industrially important bioactives. However, suboptimal yield and productivity of the bioactive of interest in local and robust wild-type strains are of perennial concerns for their industrial applications. To overcome such limitations, strain improvement through genetic engineering could play a decisive role. Though the advanced tools for genetic engineering have emerged at a greater pace, they still remain underused for microalgae as compared to other microorganisms. Pertaining to this, we reviewed the progress made so far in the development of molecular tools and techniques, and their deployment for microalgae strain improvement through genetic engineering. The recent availability of genome sequences and other omics datasets form diverse microalgae species have remarkable potential to guide strategic momentum in microalgae strain improvement program. This review focuses on the recent and significant improvements in the omics resources, mutant libraries, and high throughput screening methodologies helpful to augment research in the model and non-model microalgae. Authors have also summarized the case studies on genetically engineered microalgae and highlight the opportunities and challenges that are emerging from the current progress in the application of genome-editing to facilitate microalgal strain improvement. Toward the end, the regulatory and biosafety issues in the use of genetically engineered microalgae in commercial applications are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Kumar
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Ajam Shekh
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, India
| | - Sunaina Jakhu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Ritu Kapoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- Division of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
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Fang L, Zhang J, Fei Z, Wan M. Astaxanthin accumulation difference between non-motile cells and akinetes of Haematococcus pluvialis was affected by pyruvate metabolism. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-019-0293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Haematococcus pluvialis is the best source of natural astaxanthin, known as the king of antioxidants. H. pluvialis have four cell forms: spore, motile cell, non-motile cell and akinete. Spores and motile cells are susceptible to photoinhibition and would die under photoinduction conditions. Photoinduction using non-motile cells as seeds could result in a higher astaxanthin production than that using akinetes. However, the mechanism of this phenomenon has not been clarified.
Results
Transcriptome was sequenced and annotated to illustrate the mechanism of this phenomenon. All differentially expressed genes involved in astaxanthin biosynthesis were up-regulated. Particularly, chyb gene was up-regulated by 16-fold, improving the conversion of β-carotene into astaxanthin. Pyruvate was the precursor of carotenoids biosynthesis. Pyruvate kinase gene expression level was increased by 2.0-fold at the early stage of akinetes formation. More changes of gene transcription occurred at the early stage of akinetes formation, 52.7% and 51.9% of total DEGs in control group and treatment group, respectively.
Conclusions
Genes transcription network was constructed and the synthesis mechanism of astaxanthin was clarified. The results are expected to further guide the in-depth optimization of the astaxanthin production process in H. pluvialis by improving pyruvate metabolism.
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Fang L, Zhang J, Fei Z, Wan M. Chlorophyll as key indicator to evaluate astaxanthin accumulation ability of Haematococcus pluvialis. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-019-0287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Natural astaxanthin is mainly derived from Haematococcus pluvialis. In the photoinduction phase, astaxanthin accumulation ability can be significantly affected by the characteristics of H. pluvialis cells in the proliferation phase. Based on sequential heterotrophy–dilution–photoinduction (SHDP) technology, the authors’ previous study showed that high astaxanthin accumulation ability is accompanied by high chlorophyll content of H. pluvialis heterotrophic cell; whereas the mechanism of this result remained largely obscure. Therefore, transcriptome analysis was conducted to explain this mechanism.
Results
RNA-seq analysis showed that the transcription level of chlorophyll synthesis-related genes was negatively correlated with genes related to astaxanthin synthesis. A metabolic network between chlorophyll synthesis and astaxanthin accumulation was proposed.
Conclusions
The relationship between chlorophyll synthesis and astaxanthin accumulation was clarified. Chlorophyll degradation products might be used for astaxanthin synthesis through certain pathways. This study enlightens on the mechanism for the transformation of pigment and is conducive to optimize culture process of H. pluvialis by improving the chlorophyll content of heterotrophic cell.
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Shen SG, Guo RJ, Yan RR, Wu YK, Zhao DX, Lin YH, Lv HX, Jia SR, Han PP. Comparative proteomic analysis of Nostoc flagelliforme reveals the difference in adaptive mechanism in response to different ultraviolet-B radiation treatments. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1995-2006. [PMID: 30269247 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nostoc flagelliforme is a pioneer organism in the desert and highly resistant to ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation, while the involved adaptive mechanism has not been fully explored yet. To elucidate the responsive mechanism, two doses of UV-B radiation (low: 1 W/m2 and high: 5 W/m2) were irradiated for 6 h and 48 h, respectively, and their effects on global metabolism in N. flagelliforme were comprehensively investigated. In this study, we used iTRAQ-based proteomic approach to explore the proteomes of N. flagelliforme, and 151, 172, 124 and 148 differentially expressed proteins were identified under low and high UV-B doses for 6 h and 48 h, respectively. Functional classification analysis showed these proteins were mainly involved in photosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, antioxidant activity and carbohydrate metabolism. Further analysis revealed that UV-B imposed restrictions on primary metabolism including photosynthesis, Calvin cycle, and amino acid metabolism, and cells started defense mechanism through repair of DNA and protein damage, increasing antioxidant activity, and accumulating extracellular polysaccharides to minimize the damage. Moreover, high UV-B dose imposed more severe restrictions and activated stronger defense mechanism compared with low dose. The results would improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms of UV-B-stress adaption in N. flagelliforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Gang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Kai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Xue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Hui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Xin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Ru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei-Pei Han
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
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Xing G, Yuan H, Yang J, Li J, Gao Q, Li W, Wang E. Integrated analyses of transcriptome, proteome and fatty acid profilings of the oleaginous microalga Auxenochlorella protothecoides UTEX 2341 reveal differential reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism in response to low and high temperatures. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Udayan A, Kathiresan S, Arumugam M. Kinetin and Gibberellic acid (GA3) act synergistically to produce high value polyunsaturated fatty acids in Nannochloropsis oceanica CASA CC201. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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The Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Cell Growth, Protein, Carotenoid, PUFAs and Lipid Production of Chlorella pyrenoidosa ZF Strain. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10111696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu T, Liu F, Wang C, Wang Z, Li Y. The boosted biomass and lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris by supplementation of synthetic phytohormone analogs. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 232:44-52. [PMID: 28214444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study attempted at maximizing biomass and lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris by supplementation of natural abscisic acid (ABA) or synthetic 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) hormone analogs. Amongst three tested additives, NAA-treatment performed remarkable promoting effect on cell growth and lipid biosynthesis. The favorable lipid productivity (418.6mg/L/d) of NAA-treated cells showed 1.48 and 2.24 times more than that of 2,4-D and ABA. NAA-treatment also positively modified the proportions of saturated (C16:0 and C18:0) and monounsaturated fatty acids (C18:1) which were prone to high-quality biofuels-making. Further, NAA-treatment manipulated endogenous phytohormones metabolism leading to the elevated levels of indole-3-acetic acid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid and such hormone accumulation might be indispensable for signal transduction in regulating cell growth and lipid biosynthesis in microalgae. In addition, the economic-feasibility and eco-friendly estimation of NAA additive indicated the higher possibilities in developing affordable and scalable microalgal lipids for biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Biological Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Biological Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Biological Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Zhenyao Wang
- Biological Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yuqin Li
- Biological Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China.
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