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Spectroradiometric detection of competitor diatoms and the grazer Poteriochromonas in algal cultures. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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2
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Van Ginkel SW, El-Sayed WM, Johnston R, Narode A, Lee HJ, Bhargava A, Snell T, Chen Y. Prevention of algaculture contamination using pesticides for biofuel production. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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3
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Wu AP, He Y, Ye SY, Qi LY, Liu L, Zhong W, Wang YH, Fu H. Negative effects of a piscicide, rotenone, on the growth and metabolism of three submerged macophytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126246. [PMID: 32097811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A piscicide, rotenone (RT), is frequently used for clear and management of aquatic systems such as fish pond, and even for illegal fishing throughout the world. The effects of RT on submerged macrophytes remain elusive although the effects of RT on many kinds of animals are well documented. We wanted to determine the effects of RT on the growth and metabolism of three submerged plants (Vallisneria natans, Myriophyllum spicatum, Potamogeton maackianus) and try to find the reasons of these effects. The results showed that the shoot height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root:shoot ratios, contents of soluble protein and soluble carbohydrate of the three tested submerged plants were significantly negatively affected by RT and the effects were different among the studied species. Furthermore, pH rised a little and light transmission was greatly reduced in the water with RT treatment. We think that the negative effects of RT on the growth and metabolism of submerged species is partially attributing to the lower light caused by RT application. Accordingly, we highlight that submerged species may be greatly suppressed by RT, and we should apply RT in water ecosystems with great caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ping Wu
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Yu He
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Shi-Yun Ye
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Liang-Yu Qi
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Li Liu
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
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Caveats on the use of rotenone to estimate mixotrophic grazing in the oceans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3899. [PMID: 32127594 PMCID: PMC7054392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagotrophic mixotrophs (mixoplankton) are now widely recognised as important members of food webs, but their role in the functioning of food webs is not yet fully understood. This is due to the lack of a well-established technique to estimate mixotrophic grazing. An immediate step in this direction would be the development of a method that separates mixotrophic from heterotrophic grazing that can be routinely incorporated into the common techniques used to measure microplankton herbivory (e.g., the dilution technique). This idea was explored by the addition of rotenone, an inhibitor of the respiratory electron chain that has been widely used to selectively eliminate metazoans, both in the field and in the laboratory. Accordingly, rotenone was added to auto-, mixo-, and heterotrophic protist cultures in increasing concentrations (ca. 24 h). The results showed that mixotrophs survived better than heterotrophs at low concentrations of rotenone. Nevertheless, their predation was more affected, rendering rotenone unusable as a heterotrophic grazing deterrent. Additionally, it was found that rotenone had a differential effect depending on the growth phase of an autotrophic culture. Altogether, these results suggest that previous uses of rotenone in the field may have disrupted the planktonic food web.
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Thiagarajan V, Natarajan L, Seenivasan R, Chandrasekaran N, Mukherjee A. Tetracycline affects the toxicity of P25 n-TiO 2 towards marine microalgae Chlorella sp. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108808. [PMID: 31606618 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pollutants such as n-TiO2 and tetracycline enter the marine environment through various sources starting from their production until disposal. Hence, it is vital to determine the interactive effect of one pollutant with the other when they coexist in the environment. In the present study, the effect of antibiotic - tetracycline (TC) on the toxicity of P25 n-TiO2 was studied with marine microalgae, Chlorella sp. The impact of TC (1 mg L-1) on five different concentrations of n-TiO2 (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg L-1) under both visible and UV-A illuminations was evaluated. Effective diameter of n-TiO2 in ASW at 0th h increased from 690.69 ± 19.55 nm (0.25 mg L-1) to 1183.04 ± 37.10 nm (0.25 mg L-1 + 1 mg L-1) and 971.51 ± 14.61 nm (4 mg L-1) to 1324.12 ± 11.59 nm (4 mg L-1 + 1 mg L-1) in presence of TC. A significant increase in the toxicity of 4 mg L-1 n-TiO2 upon the addition of TC (68.16 ± 0.37% under visible and 80.21 ± 0.3% under UV-A condition) was observed. No significant difference in toxicity was observed between visible and UV-A illuminations. Further the toxicity data was corroborated through the measurement of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities. Independent action model showed antagonistic effect for lower concentrations of n-TiO2 and additive effect for higher concentrations of n-TiO2 when present in mixture with TC under both illuminations. For the higher mixture concentration of 4 mg L-1 n-TiO2 and 1 mg L-1 TC, the percentage TC removal was about 55.29% and 30% and the corresponding TOC removal was found to be 54.29% and 31.04% under visible and UV-A illuminations respectively. The site of ROS generation in Chlorella sp. was identified with electron transfer chain inhibitors. Both mitochondria and chloroplast acted as the site for the ROS generation in Chlorella sp. The SEM images of the algal cells upon exposure to n-TiO2 and mixture revealed the aggregation of cells and distortion of cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Thiagarajan
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Lokeshwari Natarajan
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India
| | - R Seenivasan
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India
| | - N Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India.
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Biological contamination and its chemical control in microalgal mass cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9345-9358. [PMID: 31720774 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are versatile sources of bioproducts, a solution for many environmental problems. However, and despite its importance, one of the main problems in large-scale cultures-the presence of contaminants-is rarely systematically approached. Contamination, or the presence of undesirable organisms in a culture, is deleterious for the culture and frequently leads to culture crashes. To avoid contamination, closed systems can be used; however, for very large-scale open systems, contamination is unavoidable and remediation procedures are necessary-ranging from physicochemical treatment to addition of biocidal substances. In all cases, early detection and culture monitoring are paramount. This article describes the biological contaminants, contamination mechanisms, and control systems used in open and closed cultures, discussing the latest advances and techniques in the area. It also discusses the complex interactions of algae with other microorganisms that can be expected in cultivation systems.
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Carruthers DN, Godwin CM, Hietala DC, Cardinale BJ, Lin XN, Savage PE. Biodiversity Improves Life Cycle Sustainability Metrics in Algal Biofuel Production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9279-9288. [PMID: 31268697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Algal biofuel has yet to realize its potential as a commercial and sustainable bioenergy source, largely due to the challenge of maximizing and sustaining biomass production with respect to energetic and material inputs in large-scale cultivation. Experimental studies have shown that multispecies algal polycultures can be designed to enhance biomass production, stability, and nutrient recycling compared to monocultures. Yet, it remains unclear whether these impacts of biodiversity make polycultures more sustainable than monocultures. Here, we present results of a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) for algal biorefineries to compare the sustainability metrics of monocultures and polycultures of six fresh-water algal species. Our results showed that when algae were grown in outdoor experimental ponds, certain bicultures improved the energy return on investment (EROI) and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) by 20% and 16%, respectively, compared to the best monoculture. Bicultures outperformed monocultures by performing multiple functions simultaneously (e.g., improved stability, nutrient efficiency, biocrude characteristics), which outweighed the higher productivity attainable by a monoculture. Our results demonstrate that algal polycultures with optimized multifunctionality lead to enhanced life cycle metrics, highlighting the significant potential of ecological engineering for enabling future environmentally sustainable algal biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Carruthers
- University of Michigan - Ann Arbor , Chemical Engineering Department , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Casey M Godwin
- University of Michigan - Ann Arbor , Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, School for Environment and Sustainability , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 United States
| | - David C Hietala
- University of Michigan - Ann Arbor , Chemical Engineering Department , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Bradley J Cardinale
- University of Michigan - Ann Arbor , School for Environment and Sustainability , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Xiaoxia Nina Lin
- University of Michigan - Ann Arbor , Chemical Engineering Department , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Phillip E Savage
- University of Michigan - Ann Arbor , Chemical Engineering Department , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 United States
- Pennsylvania State University , Department of Chemical Engineering, State College , Pennsylvania , 16801 United States
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Deruyck B, Nguyen TKH, Praveenkumar R, Muylaert K. Low doses of the quaternary ammonium salt Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide can be used as a pesticide to control grazers in microalgal cultures. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Environmental influence on rotenone performance as an algal crop protective agent to prevent pond crashes for biofuel production. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Application of biosurfactant from Bacillus subtilis C9 for controlling cladoceran grazers in algal cultivation systems. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5365. [PMID: 29599450 PMCID: PMC5876376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Open algal cultivation platforms often suffer crop losses to herbivorous grazers that have potential to devastate biomass production within a few days. While a number of studies suggest synthetic chemicals as control agents for voracious algal grazers, environmental and safety concerns associated with the use of these chemicals encourage the exploration of alternative biological control agents. We hereby propose the application of a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis C9 (referred to as C9-biosurfactant) for controlling cladoceran grazers commonly found in algal cultivation systems. The results indicated that C9-biosurfactant completely eradicated Daphnia pulex and Moina macrocopa within 24 hours when concentrations were equal to or exceeded 6 mg/L. Moreover, supplying C9-biosurfactant into the cultures of selected algal species with and without cladoceran grazers indicated no adverse effect of C9-biosurfactant on the growth and lipid productivity of algal crops, while cladocerans were selectively controlled by C9-biosurfactant even under the presence of their prey. These results thus indicate that C9-biosurfactant could be an effective biocontrol agent for cladoceran grazers at industrial algal cultivation.
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Zheng H, Sun C, Hou X, Wu M, Yao Y, Li F. Pyrolysis of Arundo donax L. to produce pyrolytic vinegar and its effect on the growth of dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:273-281. [PMID: 28950136 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have become global environmental issues, and the demand for alternative algaecides is urgent. Pyrolytic vinegars (PVs) were pyrolyzed from giant reed at 300-600°C to investigate the underlying mechanisms of their inhibitory effect on the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis by sub-chronic toxicity experiments. The major components of PVs were acetic acid, phenols, aldehyde, ketone, and esters. The 96h median effective concentration (96h-EC50) values of PVs were 0.65-1.08mLL-1, and PV300 showed the strongest inhibitory effect. The increased contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde, antioxidant enzymes activities indicated that K. brevis cells were suffering from oxidative stress, leading to lipid oxidation and cell structure damage. The sites of ROS accumulation in the treated cells were chloroplasts and mitochondria. These results suggest the suitability of PVs as potential algaecides for HAB control, and also provide a new direction for biomass valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Cuizhu Sun
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiaodong Hou
- Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Miao Wu
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Fengmin Li
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Higashi K, Ogawa M, Fujimoto K, Onoe H, Miki N. Hollow Hydrogel Microfiber Encapsulating Microorganisms for Mass-Cultivation in Open Systems. MICROMACHINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC6190135 DOI: 10.3390/mi8060176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Open cultivation systems to monoculture microorganisms are promising for the commercialization of low-value commodities because they reduce the cultivation cost. However, contamination from biological pollutants frequently impedes the process. Here we propose a cultivation method using hollow hydrogel microfibers encapsulating microorganisms. Due to the pore size, hydrogels allow nutrients and waste to pass through while preventing invading microorganisms from entering the microfiber. Experimental cultivation shows the growth of target bacteria inside the alginate hydrogel microfiber during exposure to invading bacteria. The membrane thickness of the microfiber greatly affects the bacterial growth due to changes in membrane permeability. The enhancement of mechanical toughness is also demonstrated by employing a double-network hydrogel for long-term cultivation. The hollow hydrogel microfiber has the potential to become a mainstream solution for mass-cultivation of microorganisms in an open system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Higashi
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan; (K.H.); (M.O.); (K.F.); (H.O.)
| | - Miho Ogawa
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan; (K.H.); (M.O.); (K.F.); (H.O.)
| | - Kazuma Fujimoto
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan; (K.H.); (M.O.); (K.F.); (H.O.)
| | - Hiroaki Onoe
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan; (K.H.); (M.O.); (K.F.); (H.O.)
| | - Norihisa Miki
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan; (K.H.); (M.O.); (K.F.); (H.O.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-045-566-1495
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Montemezzani V, Duggan IC, Hogg ID, Craggs RJ. Screening of potential zooplankton control technologies for wastewater treatment High Rate Algal Ponds. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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