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Zhang N, Deng C, Hong T, Ren J, Zhang Y, Li F, Dong Z, Hu Z, Huang X, Li C. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Advantages of Room Temperature Preservation of Concentrated Oocystis borgei Cultures for Use in Aquaculture. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16225. [PMID: 38003417 PMCID: PMC10671278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oocystis borgei, a microalgae species employed for regulating the quality of aquaculture water, demonstrates the capacity to adsorb noxious substances, curtail the growth of detrimental bacteria, and outcompete blooming cyanobacteria. It can be concentrated by natural sedimentation and stored at room temperature, making it costless and simple to transport and use. To study the mechanism of adaptation to room temperature preservation, O. borgei was concentrated (1.19 × 107-1.21 × 107 cell/mL) and stored for 50 days at low (5 °C, LT), normal (25 °C, NT), and high (35 °C, HT) temperatures, respectively. Polysaccharide content, lipid content, cell survival, and resuscitation were evaluated. RNA-Seq was also used to examine how concentrated O. borgei responded to temperature. During storage, there was an increase in polysaccharide content and a decrease in lipid content, with both being significantly upregulated in the LT and HT groups. Survival and cell density were highest in the NT group. The RNA-Seq analysis revealed extensive differences in transcript levels. ATP synthesis was inhibited in the LT group due to the reduced expression of PsaD, PsaE, PsaF, PsaK, and PsaL. Under HT, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was facilitated by low levels of redox-related genes (nirA) and high levels of oxidative genes (gdhA, glna, and glts). The findings suggest that storing concentrated O. borgei at room temperature is optimal for microalgae preservation, enhancing theoretical research in this field. Our study provides further theoretical and practical support for the development of O. borgei as a live ecological preparation for aquaculture microalgae ecology management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Lab of Algae Resource Development and Aquaculture Environment Ecological Restoration, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (N.Z.); (C.D.); (T.H.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (F.L.); (Z.D.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Chengcheng Deng
- Lab of Algae Resource Development and Aquaculture Environment Ecological Restoration, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (N.Z.); (C.D.); (T.H.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (F.L.); (Z.D.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Ting Hong
- Lab of Algae Resource Development and Aquaculture Environment Ecological Restoration, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (N.Z.); (C.D.); (T.H.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (F.L.); (Z.D.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Jiajia Ren
- Lab of Algae Resource Development and Aquaculture Environment Ecological Restoration, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (N.Z.); (C.D.); (T.H.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (F.L.); (Z.D.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Yulei Zhang
- Lab of Algae Resource Development and Aquaculture Environment Ecological Restoration, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (N.Z.); (C.D.); (T.H.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (F.L.); (Z.D.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Feng Li
- Lab of Algae Resource Development and Aquaculture Environment Ecological Restoration, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (N.Z.); (C.D.); (T.H.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (F.L.); (Z.D.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Zhongdian Dong
- Lab of Algae Resource Development and Aquaculture Environment Ecological Restoration, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (N.Z.); (C.D.); (T.H.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (F.L.); (Z.D.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhangxi Hu
- Lab of Algae Resource Development and Aquaculture Environment Ecological Restoration, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (N.Z.); (C.D.); (T.H.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (F.L.); (Z.D.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Xianghu Huang
- Lab of Algae Resource Development and Aquaculture Environment Ecological Restoration, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (N.Z.); (C.D.); (T.H.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (F.L.); (Z.D.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Changling Li
- Lab of Algae Resource Development and Aquaculture Environment Ecological Restoration, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (N.Z.); (C.D.); (T.H.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (F.L.); (Z.D.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
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Yang Y, Ge S, Pan Y, Qian W, Wang S, Zhang J, Zhuang LL. Screening of microalgae species and evaluation of algal-lipid stimulation strategies for biodiesel production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159281. [PMID: 36216060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae is considered an alternative source for biodiesel production producing renewable, sustainable and carbon-neutral energy. Microalgae property changes among species, which determines the efficiency of biodiesel production. Besides the lipid content evaluation, multi-principles (including high lipid productivity, high biomass yield, pollution resistance and desired fatty acid, etc.) for superior oil-producing species screening was proposed in this review and three microalgae species (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus and Mychonastes afer) with high bio-lipid producing prospect were screened out based on big data digging and analysis. The multilateral strategies for algal-lipid stimulating were also compared, among which, nutrient restriction, temperature control, heterotrophy and chemicals addition showed high potential in enhancing lipid accumulation; while electromagnetic field showed little effect. Interestingly, it was found that the lipid accumulation was more sensitive to nitrogen (N)-limitation other than phosphorus (P). Nutrient restriction, salinity stress etc. enhanced lipid accumulation by creating a stressed environment. Hence, optimum conditions (e.g. N:15-35 mg/L and P:4-16 mg/L) should be set to balance the lipid accumulation and biomass growth, and further guarantee the algal-lipid productivity. Otherwise, two-step cultivation could be applied during all the stressed stimulation. Different from lab study, effectiveness, operability and economy should be all considered for stimulation strategy selection. Nutrient restriction, temperature control and heterotrophy were highly feasible after the multidimensional evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse and Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shuhan Ge
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse and Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yitong Pan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse and Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Weiyi Qian
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse and Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse and Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse and Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lin-Lan Zhuang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse and Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Mechanisms of Sodium-Acetate-Induced DHA Accumulation in a DHA-Producing Microalga, Crypthecodinium sp. SUN. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080508. [PMID: 36005511 PMCID: PMC9409966 DOI: 10.3390/md20080508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that is critical for the intelligence and visual development of infants. Crypthecodinium is the first microalga approved by the Food and Drug Administration for DHA production, but its relatively high intracellular starch content restricts fatty acid accumulation. In this study, different carbon sources, including glucose (G), sodium acetate (S) and mixed carbon (M), were used to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of intracellular organic carbon distribution in Crypthecodinium sp. SUN. Results show that glucose favored cell growth and starch accumulation. Sodium acetate limited glucose utilization and starch accumulation but caused a significant increase in total fatty acid (TFA) accumulation and the DHA percentage. Thus, the DHA content in the S group was highest among three groups and reached a maximum (10.65% of DW) at 96 h that was 2.92-fold and 2.24-fold of that in the G and M groups, respectively. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that rather than the expression of key genes in fatty acids biosynthesis, increased intracellular acetyl-CoA content appeared to be the key regulatory factor for TFA accumulation. Additionally, metabolome analysis showed that the accumulated DHA-rich metabolites of lipid biosynthesis might be the reason for the higher TFA content and DHA percentage of the S group. The present study provides valuable insights to guide further research in DHA production.
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Wei Q, Yao J, Chen R, Yang S, Tang Y, Ma X. Low-frequency ultrasound and nitrogen limitation induced enhancement in biomass production and lipid accumulation of Tetradesmus obliquus FACHB-12. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127387. [PMID: 35636673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The two-stage cultivation strategy was optimized in this study to simultaneously promote the growth and lipid accumulation of Tetradesmus obliquus. Results showed that the optimal dual-stress conditions were nitrogen concentration at 25 mg N·L-1 and low-frequency ultrasound at 200 Watt, 1 min, and 8 h interval. The biomass and lipid content of Tetradesmus obliquus were increased by 32.1% and 44.5%, respectively, comparing to the control, and the lipid productivity reached 86.97 mg-1·L-1·d-1 at the end of the cultivation period. The protein and photosynthetic pigment contents of microalgae decreased by 22.4% and 14.0% under dual stress comparing to the control environment. In addition, dual stress cultivation of microalgae presented higher level of antioxidant capacity to balance to oxidation level in microalgal cells. This study provides a new insight for microalgae growth and lipid accumulation with dual stress stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Jinjie Yao
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Ruge Chen
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Shangru Yang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Yonghe Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Xiangmeng Ma
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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Gao P, Guo L, Gao M, Zhao Y, Jin C, She Z. Regulation of carbon source metabolism in mixotrophic microalgae cultivation in response to light intensity variation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:114095. [PMID: 34775333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are one of the promising sources for renewable energy production, and the light intensity variation can affect the biofuel generation and carbon assimilation of mixotrophic microalgae. To reveal the response of carbon assimilation to light intensity, the effect of light intensity on the carbon source metabolism of Chlorella vulgaris under mixotrophic cultivation was investigated in this study. Moreover, the optimal carbon source composition for mixotrophic microalgae cultivation was evaluated using bicarbonate (HCO3-) and carbonate (CO32-) as inorganic carbon sources, and glucose and acetate as organic carbon sources. The optimal light intensity for Chlorella vulgaris growth was at the range of 8000-12000 lux. For the accumulation of biochemical components, low light intensity was beneficial to protein accumulation, and high light intensity was advantageous for carbohydrate and lipid accumulation. With HCO3- and glucose, the maximum lipid content reached 37.0% at a light intensity of 12000 lux. The citrate synthase activity was negatively correlated with light intensity, showing an opposite trend to biomass production. High light intensity had a positive impact on Rubisco expression, which promoted the microalgae growth and carbon fixing. The energy produced by heterotrophic metabolic activities increased at low light intensity, and the enhancement of biomass production with high light intensity was mainly caused by the improved photoreaction efficiency during the mixotrophic cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Mengchun Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zonglian She
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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Lu Z, Lei L, Lu Y, Peng L, Han B. Phosphorus deficiency stimulates dominance of Cylindrospermopsis through facilitating cylindrospermopsin-induced alkaline phosphatase secretion: Integrating field and laboratory-based evidences. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:117946. [PMID: 34425369 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii blooms are of emerging concerns, as its scale is spreading from tropical regions to high latitudes, increasing the risk of aquatic biota being exposed to cylindrospermopsin (CYN). So far, CYN-producing C. raciborskii strains have only been reported in tropical waters which are commonly phosphorus (P)-deficient, where they can dominate phytoplankton communities. However, the influence of CYN on phytoplankton communities under different P status remains unclear. In this study, we first analyzed the summer observations of 120 tropical reservoirs in Guangdong Province. The proportion of potential CYN-producers was significantly higher in P-deficient and CYN-present reservoirs than that in P-sufficient or CYN-absent ones. This suggested that in P-deficient condition, the potential CYN producers might gain more advantages by the help of CYN. Then, in laboratory experiments we found that upon P deprivation, CYN did not inhibit the cell growth of other algal cells, but significantly stimulates them to secret more alkaline phosphatase (ALP) than in P-sufficient condition. Through transcriptomics, we further revealed that under such P-deficient condition, CYN remarkably induced intracellular nitrogen allocation and protein export system by activating the PIK3/Akt-cGMP/PKG signaling pathways in Scenedesmus bijugatus, thus enhancing its ALP secretion. Our study implies that CYN-induced ALP secretion is facilitated upon P deficiency, thus supporting the dominance of its producers C. raciborskii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lu
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lamei Lei
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Boping Han
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Zhang H, Chen A, Huang L, Zhang C, Gao B. Transcriptomic analysis unravels the modulating mechanisms of the biomass and value-added bioproducts accumulation by light spectrum in Eustigmatos cf. Polyphem (Eustigmatophyceae). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 338:125523. [PMID: 34265594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Light spectrum can influence microalgal growth and metabolites accumulation significantly. However, the related mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, an oleaginous microalga Eustigmatos cf. polyphem, which also featured with high content of palmitoleic acid (POA) and β-carotene, was cultured with LEDs-based red light (RL) and blue light (BL). The results showed that the biomass, total lipid content and POA content were much higher under RL than these under BL, regardless of nitrogen concentration. However, the β-carotene content under RL was significantly lower than that under BL. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that photosynthesis, central carbon metabolism, fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthesis were elevated, supporting the fast cell growth and high lipid content with POA under RL. In contrast, upregulation of key enzymes in carotenoids biosynthesis and suppression of β-carotene conversion promoted β-carotene accumulation under BL. These findings provide a feasible strategy for promoting lipids, POA and β-carotene in E. cf. polyphem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Ailing Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Luodong Huang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Baoyan Gao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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Gao P, Guo L, Zhao Y, Jin C, She Z, Gao M. Enhancing microalgae growth and product accumulation with carbon source regulation: New perspective for the coordination between photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130435. [PMID: 33838414 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The coordination between photosynthesis and aerobic respiration under mixotrophic cultivation can make a difference to the growth and biochemical composition of microalgae. However, the response of carbon metabolism to carbon source composition under mixotrophic microalgae cultivation has not been well studied. In this study, the synergistic effects of inorganic carbon (IC) and organic carbon (OC) supply on the growth and carbon metabolism of Chlorella vulgaris under mixotrophic cultivation were investigated. The increase of the proportion of HCO3- had a positive effect on the expression of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), which promoted the biomass production and carbon fixing. The activity of citrate synthase was attenuated with the increase of IC/OC ratio, indicating that the energy needed for the biomass production in groups with high IC/OC ratio was contributed by photoreaction. Biochemical analysis showed that CO32- was more efficient than HCO3- for carbohydrate and lipid accumulation of Chlorella vulgaris, and the highest amount of carbohydrate (30.2%) and lipid (35.8%) was recorded with the combined use of CO32- and glucose. The results could provide a new perspective on carbon metabolism and enzyme regulation in mixotrophic microalgae cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zonglian She
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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Li H, Tan J, Mu Y, Gao J. Lipid accumulation of Chlorella sp. TLD6B from the Taklimakan Desert under salt stress. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11525. [PMID: 34131525 PMCID: PMC8174150 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorella has become an important raw material for biodiesel production in recent years, and Chlorella sp. TLD6B, a species with high lipid concentrations and high salt and drought tolerance, has been cultivated on a large scale. To explore the lipid accumulation of Chlorella sp. TLD6B and its relationship to external NaCl concentrations, we performed physiological measurements and genome-wide gene expression profiling under different levels of salt stress. Chlorella sp. TLD6B was able to tolerate high levels of salt stress (0.8 M NaCl addition). Lipid concentrations initially increased and then decreased as salt stress increased and were highest under the addition of 0.2 M NaCl. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that salt stress enhanced the expression of genes related to sugar metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis (the ACCases BC and BCCP, KAS II, and GPDHs involved in TAG synthesis), thereby promoting lipid accumulation under the addition of 0.2 M NaCl. However, high salinity inhibited cell growth. Expression of three SADs, whose encoded products function in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, was up-regulated under high salinity (0.8 M NaCl addition). This research clarifies the relationship between salt tolerance and lipid accumulation and promotes the utilization of Chlorella sp. TLD6B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- College of Life Sciences; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jun Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yun Mu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianfeng Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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Zhang H, Zhao L, Chen Y, Zhu M, Xu Q, Wu M, Han D, Hu Q. Trophic Transition Enhanced Biomass and Lipid Production of the Unicellular Green Alga Scenedesmus acuminatus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:638726. [PMID: 34095093 PMCID: PMC8176925 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.638726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal heterotrophic cultivation is an emerging technology that can enable producing high cell-density algal cell cultures, which can be coupled with photoautotrophic cultivation for valuable chemicals such as lipids manufacturing. However, how the heterotrophically grown algal cells respond to the lipid-inducing conditions has not been fully elucidated so far. In this study, when the heterotrophically grown Scenedesmus acuminatus cells were subjected to the high light (HL) and nitrogen-limited (NL) conditions, both the biomass and lipid productivity were enhanced as compared to that of the photoautotrophically grown counterparts. The chlorophyll a fluorometry analysis showed that the Fv/Fm and Y(II) of the heterotrophically grown cells subjected to the HL and NL conditions was recovered to the maximum value of 0.75 and 0.43, respectively, much higher than those of the photoautotrophically grown cells under the same stress conditions. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that heterotrophically grown cells fully expressed the genes coding for the photosystems proteins, including the key photoprotective proteins D1, PsbS, light-harvesting-complex (LHC) I and LHC II. Meanwhile, downregulation of the carotenoid biosynthesis and upregulation of the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation pathways were observed when the heterotrophically grown cells were subjected to the HL and N-limited conditions for lipid production. It was deduced that regulation of these pathways not only enhanced the light utilization but also provided the reducing power and ATP by which the biomass accumulation was significantly elevated. Besides, upregulation of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase/biotin carboxylase, digalactosyl diacylglycerol synthase and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 encoding genes may be attributable to the enhanced lipid production. Understanding the cellular responses during the trophic transition process could guide improvement of the strength of trophic transition enhancing microalgal biomass and lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mianmian Zhu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Xu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingcan Wu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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11
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Schomaker RA, Dudycha JL. De novo transcriptome assembly of the green alga Ankistrodesmus falcatus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251668. [PMID: 33989339 PMCID: PMC8121315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankistrodesmus falcatus is a globally distributed freshwater chlorophyte that is a candidate for biofuel production, is used to study the effects of toxins on aquatic communities, and is used as food in zooplankton research. Each of these research fields is transitioning to genomic tools. We created a reference transcriptome for of A. falcatus using NextGen sequencing and de novo assembly methods including Trinity, Velvet-Oases, and EvidentialGene. The assembled transcriptome has a total of 17,997 contigs, an N50 value of 2,462, and a GC content of 64.8%. BUSCO analysis recovered 83.3% of total chlorophyte BUSCOs and 82.5% of the eukaryotic BUSCOs. A portion (7.9%) of these supposedly single-copy genes were found to have transcriptionally active, distinct duplicates. We annotated the assembly using the dammit annotation pipeline, resulting in putative functional annotation for 68.89% of the assembly. Using available rbcL sequences from 16 strains (10 species) of Ankistrodesmus, we constructed a neighbor-joining phylogeny to illustrate genetic distances of our A. falcatus strain to other members of the genus. This assembly will be valuable for researchers seeking to identify Ankistrodesmus sequences in metatranscriptomic and metagenomic field studies and in experiments where separating expression responses of zooplankton and their algal food sources through bioinformatics is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Schomaker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Jeffry L Dudycha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
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12
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Chen BL, Mhuantong W, Ho SH, Chang JS, Zhao XQ, Bai FW. Genome sequencing, assembly, and annotation of the self-flocculating microalga Scenedesmus obliquus AS-6-11. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:743. [PMID: 33109102 PMCID: PMC7590803 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scenedesmus obliquus belongs to green microalgae and is widely used in aquaculture as feed, which is also explored for lipid production and bioremediation. However, genomic studies of this microalga have been very limited. Cell self-flocculation of microalgal cells can be used as a simple and economic method for harvesting biomass, and it is of great importance to perform genome-scale studies for the self-flocculating S. obliquus strains to promote their biotechnological applications. RESULTS We employed the Pacific Biosciences sequencing platform for sequencing the genome of the self-flocculating microalga S. obliquus AS-6-11, and used the MECAT software for de novo genome assembly. The estimated genome size of S. obliquus AS-6-11 is 172.3 Mbp with an N50 of 94,410 bp, and 31,964 protein-coding genes were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses revealed 65 GO terms and 428 biosynthetic pathways. Comparing to the genome sequences of the well-studied green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella variabilis, Volvox carteri and Micractinium conductrix, the genome of S. obliquus AS-6-11 encodes more unique proteins, including one gene that encodes D-mannose binding lectin. Genes encoding the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell wall proteins, and proteins with fasciclin domains that are commonly found in cell wall proteins might be responsible for the self-flocculating phenotype, and were analyzed in detail. Four genes encoding both GPI-anchored cell wall proteins and fasciclin domain proteins are the most interesting targets for further studies. CONCLUSIONS The genome sequence of the self-flocculating microalgal S. obliquus AS-6-11 was annotated and analyzed. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on the in-depth annotation of the S. obliquus genome, and the results will facilitate functional genomic studies and metabolic engineering of this important microalga. The comparative genomic analysis here also provides new insights into the evolution of green microalgae. Furthermore, identification of the potential genes encoding self-flocculating proteins will benefit studies on the molecular mechanism underlying this phenotype for its better control and biotechnological applications as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wuttichai Mhuantong
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Feng-Wu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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13
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An assessment of heterotrophy and mixotrophy in Scenedesmus and its utilization in wastewater treatment. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Tang T, Du C, Song H, Aziz U, Wang L, Zhao C, Zhang M. Genome-wide analysis reveals the evolution and structural features of WRINKLED1 in plants. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 294:329-341. [PMID: 30446819 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
WRINKLED1 (WRI1), an AP2/ERE transcription factor, is one of the most important regulators of oil accumulation. It has been extensively studied in angiosperms, but its evolution and overview features in plants remain unknown. In this study, WRI1s, as well as WRI1-likes in non-WRI1 species, were investigated in 64 genome-sequenced plants. Their origin, distribution, duplication, evolution, functional domains, motifs, properties, and cis-elements were analyzed. Results suggest that WRI1 and WRI1-like may originate from Chlorophyta, and WRI1-likes in angiosperms resemble phylogenetically and structurally WRI1s from Chlorophyta and non-vascular plants. WRI1 or WRI1-like may be essential to vascular plants but not to non-vascular plants. Two YRG elements and two RAYD elements, as well as their phosphorylation sites and the 14-3-3 binding motif, are relatively conserved from Chlorophyta to angiosperm. The predicted DNA-binding domains are slightly shorter than the combination of one YRG element and one RAYD element. WRI1 gradually evolves from alkalinity to acidity. More motifs were developed in N-terminuses and C-terminuses in vascular plants. A short acidic amino-acid-enriched domain in the C-terminal region is predicted to be the putative transactivation domain. The VYL exon appears randomly in different WRI1 transcripts and it is not important for the function of WRI1. In addition, more cis-elements developed during WRI1 evolution may suggest its more complicated regulation and physiological functions. These results will assist future function studies of WRI1 and evolution studies of fatty acid biosynthesis regulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Tang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chang Du
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huan Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Usman Aziz
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cuizhu Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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15
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Noppol L, Liu T. Mechanism and enhancement of lipid accumulation in filamentous oleaginous microalgae Tribonema minus under heterotrophic condition. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:328. [PMID: 30559837 PMCID: PMC6290495 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The filamentous microalgae Tribonema minus accumulates large amounts of lipids under photoautotrophic condition, while under heterotrophic condition, the lipid content decreased dramatically. Determination of the differences in metabolic pathways between photoautotrophic and heterotrophic growth will provide targets and strategies for improvement of lipid accumulation in heterotrophic cells. METHODS The metabolic differences between photoautotrophically and heterotrophically cultivated T. minus cells were studied by comparing the growth, biochemical compositions and transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of the cells. Based on comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic studies, we generated a global model of the changes in central carbon metabolism and lipid biosynthetic pathways that occur under photoautotrophic and heterotrophic growth conditions. Moreover, the specific effects of supplementation with exogenous key metabolic intermediates on the lipid accumulation in heterotrophic culture were analyzed. RESULTS Compared to photoautotrophic cultures, heterotrophic cultures exhibited enhanced biomass levels and carbohydrate content, but decreased lipid accumulation. These effects were accompanied by low expression levels of genes involved in glycolysis, de novo fatty acids biosynthesis and lipid biosynthesis, and high levels of genes involved in gluconeogenesis. In addition, the levels of key metabolites involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were elevated in abundance, whereas those of certain fatty acids and citric acid were decreased in heterotrophic cultures. Upon supplementation with exogenous potassium palmitate, the lipid content increased dramatically in heterotrophically cultivated T. minus. CONCLUSION An insufficient supply of carbon precursors caused the low levels of lipid accumulation during heterotrophic cultivation. Appropriate carbon metabolite supplementation based on the metabolomic data was shown to promote lipid accumulation. Moreover, gene regulatory metabolic targets were also identified via omics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Leksawasdi Noppol
- Bioprocess Research Cluster, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Tianzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong People’s Republic of China
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16
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El-Sheekh M, Abomohra AEF, Eladel H, Battah M, Mohammed S. Screening of different species of Scenedesmus isolated from Egyptian freshwater habitats for biodiesel production. RENEWABLE ENERGY 2018; 129:114-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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17
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Silkina A, Zacharof MP, Hery G, Nouvel T, Lovitt RW. Formulation and utilisation of spent anaerobic digestate fluids for the growth and product formation of single cell algal cultures in heterotrophic and autotrophic conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:1445-1455. [PMID: 28578809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spent anaerobically digested effluents of agricultural origin were collected and treated using membrane filtration to achieve three-large particle free-nutrient streams of N:P ratios of 16.53, 3.78 and 14.22. Three algal species were grown on these streams, achieving good levels of bioremediation of digester fluids simultaneously with biomass and associated end product formation. Nannochloropsis oceanica and Scenedesmus quadricuada, where proven highly effective in remediating the streams achieving ammonia and phosphate reduction over 60% while for Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 these serve as an ideal production medium for lipids and biomass reaching 16.70w/w% and 1.42gL-1 correspondingly. These processes thus provide treatment of sludge, avoiding the disposal problems by land spreading. The solid components are nutrient depleted but rich in organic matter as a soil enhancer, while the fluids rich in nutrients can be efficiently utilised for growth to generate high value materials of microalgae facilitating water reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Silkina
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR), College of Science, Swansea University, Wallace Building, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Myrto-Panagiota Zacharof
- Centre for Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Guillaume Hery
- Systems and Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), College of Engineering, Swansea University, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Thibaud Nouvel
- Systems and Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), College of Engineering, Swansea University, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Robert W Lovitt
- Systems and Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), College of Engineering, Swansea University, SA2 8PP, UK; Membranology Ltd c/o Broomfield & Alexander Li Charter Court Phoenix Way, Swansea SA7 9FS, UK
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18
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Xue LL, Chen HH, Jiang JG. Implications of glycerol metabolism for lipid production. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 68:12-25. [PMID: 28778473 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is an important product in oil-producing organisms. Biosynthesis of TAG can be completed through either esterification of fatty acids to glycerol backbone, or through esterification of 2-monoacylglycerol. This review will focus on the former pathway in which two precursors, fatty acid and glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), are required for TAG formation. Tremendous progress has been made about the enzymes or genes that regulate the biosynthetic pathway of TAG. However, much attention has been paid to the fatty acid provision and the esterification process, while the possible role of G3P is largely neglected. Glycerol is extensively studied on its usage as carbon source for value-added products, but the modification of glycerol metabolism, which is directly associated with G3P synthesis, is seldom recognized in lipid investigations. The relevance among glycerol metabolism, G3P synthesis and lipid production is described, and the role of G3P in glycerol metabolism and lipid production are discussed in detail with an emphasis on how G3P affects lipid production through the modulation of glycerol metabolism. Observations of lipid metabolic changes due to glycerol related disruption in mammals, plants, and microorganisms are introduced. Altering glycerol metabolism results in the changes of final lipid content. Possible regulatory mechanisms concerning the relationship between glycerol metabolism and lipid production are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Xue
- (a)College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (b)Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hao-Hong Chen
- (a)College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- (a)College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Li D, Zhao Y, Ding W, Zhao P, Xu JW, Li T, Ma H, Yu X. A strategy for promoting lipid production in green microalgae Monoraphidium sp. QLY-1 by combined melatonin and photoinduction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 235:104-112. [PMID: 28365337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae lipids are potential candidates for the production of renewable biodiesel. The combination of plant hormones and two-step cultivation regulates lipid production in microalgae. A strategy for promoting lipid accumulation in Monoraphidium sp. QLY-1 by combining exogenous melatonin (MT) and photoinduction was developed. The effects of melatonin on the lipid content, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activities of three key fatty acid biosynthetic enzyme in Monoraphidium sp. QLY-1 were investigated. The lipid content increased by 1.32-fold under 1μM melatonin treatment. The maximum lipid content achieved was 49.6%. However, the protein and carbohydrate contents decreased rapidly from 57.21% to 47.96% and from 53.4% to 37.71%, respectively. Biochemical and physiological analyses suggested that the ROS and lipid biosynthesis-related enzyme activities correlated with increased lipid accumulation under photo-melatonin induction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yongteng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Wei Xu
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huixian Ma
- School of Foreign Languages, Kunming University, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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20
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Rai V, Muthuraj M, Gandhi MN, Das D, Srivastava S. Real-time iTRAQ-based proteome profiling revealed the central metabolism involved in nitrogen starvation induced lipid accumulation in microalgae. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45732. [PMID: 28378827 PMCID: PMC5381106 DOI: 10.1038/srep45732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the post-transcriptional molecular mechanisms attributing to oleaginousness in microalgae challenged with nitrogen starvation (N-starvation), the longitudinal proteome dynamics of Chlorella sp. FC2 IITG was investigated using multipronged quantitative proteomics and multiple reaction monitoring assays. Physiological data suggested a remarkably enhanced lipid accumulation with concomitant reduction in carbon flux towards carbohydrate, protein and chlorophyll biosynthesis. The proteomics-based investigations identified the down-regulation of enzymes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis (porphobilinogen deaminase) and photosynthetic carbon fixation (sedoheptulose-1,7 bisphosphate and phosphoribulokinase). Profound up-regulation of hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydrogenase and enoyl-ACP reductase ascertained lipid accumulation. The carbon skeletons to be integrated into lipid precursors were regenerated by glycolysis, β-oxidation and TCA cycle. The enhanced expression of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway enzymes indicates heightened energy needs of FC2 cells for the sustenance of N-starvation. FC2 cells strategically reserved nitrogen by incorporating it into the TCA-cycle intermediates to form amino acids; particularly the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of glutamate, aspartate and arginine were up-regulated. Regulation of arginine, superoxide dismutase, thioredoxin-peroxiredoxin, lipocalin, serine-hydroxymethyltransferase, cysteine synthase, and octanoyltransferase play a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis during N-starvation. These findings may provide a rationale for genetic engineering of microalgae, which may enable synchronized biomass and lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Rai
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Wadhwani Research Center for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Muthusivaramapandian Muthuraj
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mayuri N. Gandhi
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debasish Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- DBT PAN IIT Centre for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai - 400067, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Wadhwani Research Center for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
- DBT PAN IIT Centre for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai - 400067, India
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