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Kirchner NJ, Hage A, Gomez J, Grayburn WS, Holbrook GP. Photosynthesis, competition, and wastewater treatment characteristics of the microalga Monoraphidium sp. Dek19 at cool temperatures. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Olsen MFL, Pedersen JS, Thomsen ST, Martens HJ, Petersen A, Jensen PE. Outdoor cultivation of a novel isolate of the microalgae Scenedesmus sp. and the evaluation of its potential as a novel protein crop. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:483-494. [PMID: 34427928 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A Danish strain of the green microalgae Scenedesmus sp. was isolated, identified and characterized with respect to productivity under outdoor cultivation conditions at northern latitudes. The algae were cultivated outdoors in Denmark in closed tubular photobioreactors using only sunlight, simple inorganic nutrients and under ambient temperatures. The biomass composition was evaluated in terms of protein content and quality. The average volumetric and areal biomass productivity obtained for the Scenedesmus sp. isolate during outdoor cultivation was 0.083 g dry matter L-1 and 6.40 g dm m-2 day-1 , respectively. Thus, productivities are comparable to data reported in the literature under similar conditions. A strain-specific nitrogen to protein conversion factor of 5.5 was determined for the Scenedesmus sp. strain enabling more accurate protein estimations from simple nitrogen determination methods like Kjeldahl analysis in the future. The protein content was determined to be 52.4% of dried biomass for this Scenedesmus strain. The sum of essential amino acids was 42% which is high compared to other microalgae. The results are compared and discussed in comparison to other microalgae and soybean as a common plant protein source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sune Tjalfe Thomsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Helle Jakobe Martens
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Santana-Sánchez A, Lynch F, Sirin S, Allahverdiyeva Y. Nordic cyanobacterial and algal lipids: Triacylglycerol accumulation, chemotaxonomy and bioindustrial potential. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:591-602. [PMID: 33928648 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to capture and convert sunlight, water and nutrients into useful compounds make photosynthetic microbes ideal candidates for the bio-industrial factories of the future. However, the suitability of isolates from temperate regions to grow under Nordic conditions is questionable. In this work, we explore the chemotaxonomy of Nordic strains of cyanobacteria and one green alga and evaluate their potential as raw materials for the production of lipid-based bio-industrial compounds. Thin-layer chromatography was used to identify the presence of triacylglycerol, which were detected in the majority of strains. Fatty acid methyl ester profiles were analysed to determine the suitability of strains for the production of biodiesel or the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids for the nutraceutical industry. The Nordic Synechococcus strains were unique in demonstrating fatty acid profiles comprised mostly C14:0, C16:0 and C16:1 and lacking polyunsaturated fatty acids. These properties translated to superior predicted biodiesel qualities, including cetane number, cold filter plugging point and oxidative stability compared to the other evaluated strains. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were detected at high levels (38-53%), with Calothrix sp. 336/3 being abundant in two essential fatty acids, linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid (21 and 17%, respectively). Gamma-linoleic acid was the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid for the remaining strains (13-21%). In addition to assessing the potential of Nordic strains for bio-industrial production, this work also discusses issues such as taxonomy and predictive modelling, which can affect the identification of prospective high-performing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Santana-Sánchez
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Fiona Lynch
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sema Sirin
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Plöhn M, Spain O, Sirin S, Silva M, Escudero-Oñate C, Ferrando-Climent L, Allahverdiyeva Y, Funk C. Wastewater treatment by microalgae. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:568-578. [PMID: 33860948 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The growth of the world's population increases the demand for fresh water, food, energy, and technology, which in turn leads to increasing amount of wastewater, produced both by domestic and industrial sources. These different wastewaters contain a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds which can cause tremendous environmental problems if released untreated. Traditional treatment systems are usually expensive, energy demanding and are often still incapable of solving all challenges presented by the produced wastewaters. Microalgae are promising candidates for wastewater reclamation as they are capable of reducing the amount of nitrogen and phosphate as well as other toxic compounds including heavy metals or pharmaceuticals. Compared to the traditional systems, photosynthetic microalgae require less energy input since they use sunlight as their energy source, and at the same time lower the carbon footprint of the overall reclamation process. This mini-review focuses on recent advances in wastewater reclamation using microalgae. The most common microalgal strains used for this purpose are described as well as the challenges of using wastewater from different origins. We also describe the impact of climate with a particular focus on a Nordic climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Plöhn
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olivia Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sema Sirin
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mario Silva
- Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), Kjeller, Norway
| | | | | | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Gao K, Liu Q, Gao Z, Xue C, Qian P, Dong J, Gao Z, Deng X. A dilution strategy used to enhance nutrient removal and biomass production of Chlorella sorokiniana in frigon wastewater. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Salazar J, Valev D, Näkkilä J, Tyystjärvi E, Sirin S, Allahverdiyeva Y. Nutrient removal from hydroponic effluent by Nordic microalgae: From screening to a greenhouse photobioreactor operation. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lu W, Asraful Alam M, Liu S, Xu J, Parra Saldivar R. Critical processes and variables in microalgae biomass production coupled with bioremediation of nutrients and CO 2 from livestock farms: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:135247. [PMID: 31839294 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Development of renewable and clean energy as well as bio-based fine chemicals technologies are the keys to overcome the problems such as fossil depletion, global warming, and environment pollution. To date, cultivation of microalgae using wastewater is regarded as a promising approach for simultaneous nutrients bioremediation and biofuels production due to their high photosynthesis efficiency and environmental benefits. However, the efficiency of nutrients removal and biomass production strongly depends on wastewater properties and microalgae species. Moreover, the high production cost is still the largest limitation to the commercialization of microalgae biofuels. In this review paper, the state-of-the-art algae species employed in livestock farm wastes have been summarized. Further, microalgae cultivation systems and impact factors in livestock wastewater to microalgae growth have been thoroughly discussed. In addition, technologies reported for microalgal biomass harvesting and CO2 mass transfer enhancement in the coupling process were presented and discussed. Finally, this article discusses the potential benefits and challenges of coupling nutrient bioremediation, CO2 capture, and microalgal production. Possible engineering measures for cost-effective nutrients removal, carbon fixation, microalgal biofuels and bioproducts production are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Lu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China; Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Md Asraful Alam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Jinliang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Roberto Parra Saldivar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL., Mexico
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Benítez MB, Champagne P, Ramos A, Torres AF, Ochoa-Herrera V. Wastewater treatment for nutrient removal with Ecuadorian native microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:2977-2985. [PMID: 29600735 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1459874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this project was to study the feasibility of utilizing native microalgae for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, as a potential secondary wastewater treatment process in Ecuador. Agitation and aeration batch experiments were conducted using synthetic secondary wastewater effluent, to determine nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies by a native Ecuadorian microalgal strain. Experimental results indicated that microalgal cultures could successfully remove nitrogen and phosphorus. NH4+-N and PO43--P removal efficiencies of 52.6 and 55.6%, and 67.0 and 20.4%, as well as NO3--N production efficiencies of 87.0 and 93.1% were reported in agitation and aeration photobioreactors, respectively. Aeration was not found to increase the nutrient removal efficiency of NH4+-N . Moreover, in the case of PO43--P , a negative impact was observed, where removal efficiencies decreased by a factor of 3.3 at higher aeration rates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the removal of nutrients by native Ecuadorian Chlorella sp., hence the results of this study would indicate that this native microalgal strain could be successfully incorporated in a potential treatment process for nutrient removal in Ecuador.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Benítez
- a Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito , Quito , Ecuador
| | - Pascale Champagne
- b Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University , Kingston , Canada
| | - Ana Ramos
- c Department of Biology, Queen's University , Kingston , Canada
| | - Andres F Torres
- d Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito , Quito , Ecuador
| | - Valeria Ochoa-Herrera
- a Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito , Quito , Ecuador
- e Instituto Biósfera, Universidad San Francisco de Quito , Quito , Ecuador
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López-Pacheco IY, Carrillo-Nieves D, Salinas-Salazar C, Silva-Núñez A, Arévalo-Gallegos A, Barceló D, Afewerki S, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Combination of nejayote and swine wastewater as a medium for Arthrospira maxima and Chlorella vulgaris production and wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 676:356-367. [PMID: 31048166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nejayote and swine wastewater are highly pollutant effluents and a source of organic matter load that sometimes released into water bodies (rivers or lakes), soils or public sewer system, with or without partial treatments. Nejayote is a wastewater product of alkaline cooking of maize, whereas, swine wastewater results from the primary production of pigs for the meat market. Owing to the presence of environmentally related pollutants, both sources are considered the major cause of pollution and thus require urgent action. Herein, we report a synergistic approach to effectively use and/or treat Nejayote and swine wastewater as a cost-effective culture medium for microalgae growth, which ultimately induces the removal of polluting agents. In this study, the strains Arthrospira maxima and Chlorella vulgaris were grown using different dilutions of Nejayote and swine wastewater. Both wastewaters were used as the only source of macronutrients and trace elements for growth. For A. maxima, the treatment of 10% nejayote and 90% of water (T3) resulted in a cell growth of 32 × 104 cell/mL at 12 days (μmax = 0.27/d). While, a mixture of 25% swine wastewater, 25% nejayote and 50% water (T2) produced 32 × 104 cell/mL at 18 days (μmax = 0.16/d). A significant reduction was also noted as 92% from 138 mg/L of TN, 75% from 77 mg/L of TP, and 96% from 8903 mg/L of COD, among different treatments. For C. vulgaris, the treatment of 10% swine wastewater and 90% water (T1) gave a cell growth of 128 × 106 cell/mL (μmax = 0.57/d) followed by T3 yielded 62 × 106 cell/mL (μmax = 0.70/d) and T2 yielded 48 × 106 cell/mL (μmax = 0.54/d). Up to 91% reduction from 138 mg/L of TN, 85% from 19 mg/L of TP and 96% from 4870 mg/L of COD was also recorded. These results show that microalgae can be used to treat these types of wastewater while at the same time using them as a culture media for microalgae. The resultant biomass can additionally be used for getting other sub-products of commercial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel Y López-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Danay Carrillo-Nieves
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Carmen Salinas-Salazar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Arisbe Silva-Núñez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Alejandra Arévalo-Gallegos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Damiá Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain; ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain; Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samson Afewerki
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
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Cheregi O, Ekendahl S, Engelbrektsson J, Strömberg N, Godhe A, Spetea C. Microalgae biotechnology in Nordic countries - the potential of local strains. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:438-450. [PMID: 30809828 PMCID: PMC6850598 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, energy use and food security are the main challenges that our society is facing nowadays. Biofuels and feedstock from microalgae can be part of the solution if high and continuous production is to be ensured. This could be attained in year-round, low cost, outdoor cultivation systems using strains that are not only champion producers of desired compounds but also have robust growth in a dynamic climate. Using microalgae strains adapted to the local conditions may be advantageous particularly in Nordic countries. Here, we review the current status of laboratory and outdoor-scale cultivation in Nordic conditions of local strains for biofuel, high-value compounds and water remediation. Strains suitable for biotechnological purposes were identified from the large and diverse pool represented by saline (NE Atlantic Ocean), brackish (Baltic Sea) and fresh water (lakes and rivers) sources. Energy-efficient annual rotation for cultivation of strains well adapted to Nordic climate has the potential to provide high biomass yields for biotechnological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Cheregi
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden
| | - Susanne Ekendahl
- Department of Chemistry and MaterialsRISE Research Institutes of SwedenBorås 50115Sweden
| | - Johan Engelbrektsson
- Department of Chemistry and MaterialsRISE Research Institutes of SwedenBorås 50115Sweden
| | - Niklas Strömberg
- Department of Chemistry and MaterialsRISE Research Institutes of SwedenBorås 50115Sweden
| | - Anna Godhe
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden
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Zhao X, Kumar K, Gross MA, Kunetz TE, Wen Z. Evaluation of revolving algae biofilm reactors for nutrients and metals removal from sludge thickening supernatant in a municipal wastewater treatment facility. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:467-478. [PMID: 29986255 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work is to evaluate pilot-scale Revolving Algal Biofilm (RAB) reactors of two heights (0.9-m and 1.8-m tall) to treat supernatant from sludge sedimentation at Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRD) for removing nutrients (N and P) as well as various metals. The RAB reactors demonstrated a superior performance in N and P removal as compared to control raceway ponds. Taller 1.8-m RAB reactors performed better than 0.9-m RAB reactors in terms of total nutrient removal and algal biomass productivity. At 7-day HRT, total P (TP) and Total Kjeldahl N (TKN) removal efficiency reached to 80% and 87%, respectively, while ortho-P and ammonia removal efficiency reached to 100%. Decreasing HRT led to an enhanced TP and TKN removal rate and nutrient removal capacity. At HRT of 1.3-day, the TP removal per footprint of 1.8-m tall RAB reactors was around 7-times higher than the open pond system. The RAB reactors also showed certain capabilities of removing metals from wastewater. The study demonstrated that RAB-based treatment process is an effective method to recover nutrients from municipal wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Zhao
- Gross-Wen Technologies Inc, 2710 S. Loop Dr. Suite 2017, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Kuldip Kumar
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, 100 East Erie Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Martin A Gross
- Gross-Wen Technologies Inc, 2710 S. Loop Dr. Suite 2017, Ames, IA, 50010, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 536 Farmhouse Ln, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Thomas E Kunetz
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, 100 East Erie Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Zhiyou Wen
- Gross-Wen Technologies Inc, 2710 S. Loop Dr. Suite 2017, Ames, IA, 50010, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 536 Farmhouse Ln, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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Ridley CJ, Parker BM, Norman L, Schlarb-Ridley B, Dennis R, Jamieson AE, Clark D, Skill SC, Smith AG, Davey MP. Growth of microalgae using nitrate-rich brine wash from the water industry. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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