1
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Li L, Liang C, Zhang W, Zhang X, Yu H, Liu X, Bi Q, Wang L. 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 7 from Xanthoceras sorbifolium seeds is a crucial regulatory enzyme for nervonic acid biosynthesis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024:112184. [PMID: 38996874 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (C24:1) is a very-long-chain fatty acid that plays an imperative role in human brain development and other health benefits. In plants, 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) is the key rate-limiting enzyme for C24:1 biosynthesis. Xanthoceras sorbifolium is a valuable oil-producing economic woody species with abundant C24:1 in seed oils, but the key KCS gene responsible for C24:1 accumulation remains unknown. In this work, a correlation analysis between the transcript profiles of KCS and dynamic change of C24:1 content in developing seeds of X. sorbifolium were conducted to screen out three members of KCS, namely XsKCS4, XsKCS7 and XsKCS8, potentially involved in C24:1 biosynthesis. Of which, the XsKCS7 was highly expressed in developing seeds, while XsKCS4 and XsKCS8 displayed the highest expression in fruits and flowers, respectively. Overexpression of XsKCS4, XsKCS7 and XsKCS8 in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and plant Arabidopsis thaliana indicated that only XsKCS7 possessed the ability to facilitate the biosynthesis of C24:1. These findings collectively suggested that XsKCS7 played a crucial role in specific regulation of C24:1 biosynthesis in X. sorbifolium seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Chongjun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Haiyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Quanxin Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Libing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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2
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Yang X, Lin S, Chen Y, Chen W, Lan D, Wang Y. Efficient Enzymatic Enrichment of High-purity Nervonic Acid from Malania oleifera Seed Oil. J Oleo Sci 2024; 73:99-111. [PMID: 38171735 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nervonic acid (NA) is a monounsaturated fatty acid vital for brain health and is of emerging importance in various industrial applications, including therapeutics, food, and cosmetics. Given the growing demands of the food and pharmaceutical industries, there's a pressing need for high-purity NA. Previously, NA constituents in plant seed oils were chemically transformed into nervonic acid ethyl ester (NAEE) to facilitate extraction from seed oils. In this study, we present an enzymatic approach to convert NA constituents in Malania oleifera seed oil to NAEE. Combined with the utilization of the semi-preparative chromatography, we achieved a remarkable purity of 97.52% NAEE. Compared to conventional chemical preparations characterized by multiple steps, prolonged processing times, and low yields and purities, our enzymatic method stands out as a more efficient and advantageous alternative. On top of that, this innovative approach is environmentally friendly and circumvents health and safety issues associated with chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology
| | - Sen Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology
| | - Dongming Lan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology
- Guangdong Youmei Institute of Intelligent Bio-manufacturing Co., Ltd
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3
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Peña-Castro JM, Muñoz-Páez KM, Robledo-Narvaez PN, Vázquez-Núñez E. Engineering the Metabolic Landscape of Microorganisms for Lignocellulosic Conversion. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2197. [PMID: 37764041 PMCID: PMC10535843 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and yeast are being intensively used to produce biofuels and high-added-value products by using plant biomass derivatives as substrates. The number of microorganisms available for industrial processes is increasing thanks to biotechnological improvements to enhance their productivity and yield through microbial metabolic engineering and laboratory evolution. This is allowing the traditional industrial processes for biofuel production, which included multiple steps, to be improved through the consolidation of single-step processes, reducing the time of the global process, and increasing the yield and operational conditions in terms of the desired products. Engineered microorganisms are now capable of using feedstocks that they were unable to process before their modification, opening broader possibilities for establishing new markets in places where biomass is available. This review discusses metabolic engineering approaches that have been used to improve the microbial processing of biomass to convert the plant feedstock into fuels. Metabolically engineered microorganisms (MEMs) such as bacteria, yeasts, and microalgae are described, highlighting their performance and the biotechnological tools that were used to modify them. Finally, some examples of patents related to the MEMs are mentioned in order to contextualize their current industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Mario Peña-Castro
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad del Papaloapan, Tuxtepec 68301, Oaxaca, Mexico;
| | - Karla M. Muñoz-Páez
- CONAHCYT—Instituto de Ingeniería, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro 76230, Queretaro, Mexico;
| | | | - Edgar Vázquez-Núñez
- Grupo de Investigación Sobre Aplicaciones Nano y Bio Tecnológicas para la Sostenibilidad (NanoBioTS), Departamento de Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, Lomas del Bosque 103, Lomas del Campestre, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico
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4
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Mo L, Yao X, Tang H, Li Y, Jiao Y, He Y, Jiang Y, Tian S, Lu L. Genome-Wide Investigation and Functional Analysis Reveal That CsKCS3 and CsKCS18 Are Required for Tea Cuticle Wax Formation. Foods 2023; 12:2011. [PMID: 37238828 PMCID: PMC10217411 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cuticular wax is a complex mixture of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and their derivatives that constitute a natural barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses on the aerial surface of terrestrial plants. In tea plants, leaf cuticular wax also contributes to the unique flavor and quality of tea products. However, the mechanism of wax formation in tea cuticles is still unclear. The cuticular wax content of 108 germplasms (Niaowang species) was investigated in this study. The transcriptome analysis of germplasms with high, medium, and low cuticular wax content revealed that the expression levels of CsKCS3 and CsKCS18 were strongly associated with the high content of cuticular wax in leaves. Hence, silencing CsKCS3 and CsKCS18 using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) inhibited the synthesis of cuticular wax and caffeine in tea leaves, indicating that expression of these genes is necessary for the synthesis of cuticular wax in tea leaves. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of cuticular wax formation in tea leaves. The study also revealed new candidate target genes for further improving tea quality and flavor and cultivating high-stress-resistant tea germplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilai Mo
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xinzhuan Yao
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hu Tang
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Guizhou Vocational College of Agriculture, Qingzhen 551400, China
| | - Yujie Jiao
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yumei He
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yihe Jiang
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shiyu Tian
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Guizhou Vocational College of Agriculture, Qingzhen 551400, China
| | - Litang Lu
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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5
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Hong SJ, Yim KJ, Ryu YJ, Lee CG, Jang HJ, Jung JY, Kim ZH. Improvement of Lutein and Zeaxanthin Production in Mychonastes sp. 247 by Optimizing Light Intensity and Culture Salinity Conditions. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:260-267. [PMID: 36474324 PMCID: PMC9998206 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2211.11006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we sought to improve lutein and zeaxanthin production in Mychonastes sp. 247 and investigated the effect of environmental factors on lutein and zeaxanthin productivity in Mychonastes sp. The basic medium selection and N:P ratio were adjusted to maximize cell growth in one-stage culture, and lutein and zeaxanthin production conditions were optimized using a central composite design for two-stage culture. The maximum lutein production was observed at a light intensity of 60 μE/m2/s and salinity of 0.49%, and the maximum zeaxanthin production was observed at a light intensity of 532 μE/m2/s and salinity of 0.78%. Lutein and zeaxanthin production in the optimized medium increased by up to 2 and 2.6 folds, respectively, compared to that in the basic medium. Based on these results, we concluded that the optimal conditions for lutein and zeaxanthin production are different and that optimization of light intensity and culture salinity conditions may help increase carotenoid production. This study presents a useful and potential strategy for optimizing microalgal culture conditions to improve the productivity of lutein and zeaxanthin, which has applications in the functional food field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Joo Hong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.,Industry-Academia Interactive R&E Center for Bioprocess Innovation, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung June Yim
- Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Ryu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Choul-Gyun Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.,Industry-Academia Interactive R&E Center for Bioprocess Innovation, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Jung
- Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Z-Hun Kim
- Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
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6
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Shokravi H, Heidarrezaei M, Shokravi Z, Ong HC, Lau WJ, Din MFM, Ismail AF. Fourth generation biofuel from genetically modified algal biomass for bioeconomic development. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:23-36. [PMID: 36272575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biofuels from microalgae have promising potential for a sustainable bioeconomy. Algal strains' oil content and biomass yield are the most influential cost drivers in the fourth generation biofuel (FGB) production. Genetic modification is the key to improving oil accumulation and biomass yield, consequently developing the bioeconomy. This paper discusses current practices, new insights, and emerging trends in genetic modification and their bioeconomic impact on FGB production. It was demonstrated that enhancing the oil and biomass yield could significantly improve the probability of economic success and the net present value of the FGB production process. The techno-economic and socioeconomic burden of using genetically modified (GM) strains and the preventive control strategies on the bioeconomy of FGB production is reviewed. It is shown that the fully lined open raceway pond could cost up to 25% more than unlined ponds. The cost of a plastic hoop air-supported greenhouse covering cultivation ponds is estimated to be US 60,000$ /ha. The competitiveness and profitability of large-scale cultivation of GM biomass are significantly locked to techno-economic and socioeconomic drivers. Nonetheless, it necessitates further research and careful long-term follow-up studies to understand the mechanism that affects these parameters the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoofar Shokravi
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mahshid Heidarrezaei
- Faculty of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Zahra Shokravi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran, Markazi, 1477893855, Iran
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Woei Jye Lau
- Faculty of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadhil Md Din
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Faculty of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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7
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Liu F, Wu R, Ma X, Su E. The Advancements and Prospects of Nervonic Acid Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12772-12783. [PMID: 36166330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (NA) is a monounsaturated very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) and has been identified with critical biological functions in medical and health care for brain development and injury repair. Yet, the approaches to producing NA from the sources of plants or animals continue to pose challenges to meet increasing market demand, as they are generally associated with high costs, a lack of natural resources, a long life cycle, and low production efficiency. The recent technological advance in metabolic engineering allows us to precisely engineer oleaginous microbes to develop high-content NA-producing strains, which has the potential to provide a possible solution to produce NA on a commercial fermentation scale. In this Review, the biosynthetic pathway, natural sources, and metabolic engineering of NA are summarized. The strategies of metabolic engineering that could be adopted to modify oleaginous yeast to produce NA are discussed in detail, providing the prospecting views for the microbial cells producing NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Liu
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Bozhou University, Bozhou 236800, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Erzheng Su
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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8
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Zhang A, Xu J, Xu X, Wu J, Li P, Wang B, Fang H. Genome-wide identification and characterization of the KCS gene family in sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). PeerJ 2022; 10:e14156. [PMID: 36225907 PMCID: PMC9549899 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aboveground parts of plants are covered with cuticle, a hydrophobic layer composed of cutin polyester and cuticular wax that can protect plants from various environmental stresses. β-Ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) is the key rate-limiting enzyme in plant wax synthesis. Although the properties of KCS family genes have been investigated in many plant species, the understanding of this gene family in sorghum is still limited. Here, a total of 25 SbKCS genes were identified in the sorghum genome, which were named from SbKCS1 to SbKCS25. Evolutionary analysis among different species divided the KCS family into five subfamilies and the SbKCSs were more closely related to maize, implying a closer evolutionary relationship between sorghum and maize. All SbKCS genes were located on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 and 10, respectively, while Chr 1 and Chr 10 contained more KCS genes than other chromosomes. The prediction results of subcellular localization showed that SbKCSs were mainly expressed in the plasma membrane and mitochondria. Gene structure analysis revealed that there was 0-1 intron in the sorghum KCS family and SbKCSs within the same subgroup were similar. Multiple cis-acting elements related to abiotic stress, light and hormone response were enriched in the promoters of SbKCS genes, which indicated the functional diversity among these genes. The three-dimensional structure analysis showed that a compact spherical space structure was formed by various secondary bonds to maintain the stability of SbKCS proteins, which was necessary for their biological activity. qRT-PCR results revealed that nine randomly selected SbKCS genes expressed differently under drought and salt treatments, among which SbKCS8 showed the greatest fold of expression difference at 12 h after drought and salt stresses, which suggested that the SbKCS genes played a potential role in abiotic stress responses. Taken together, these results provided an insight into investigating the functions of KCS family in sorghum and in response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixia Zhang
- Ministry of Agricultural Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Ministry of Agricultural Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Ministry of Agricultural Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junping Wu
- Nantong Changjiang Seed Co., Ltd, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Li
- Ministry of Agricultural Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baohua Wang
- Ministry of Agricultural Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Ministry of Agricultural Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Production of Biodiesel from Underutilized Algae Oil: Prospects and Current Challenges Encountered in Developing Countries. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101418. [PMID: 36290321 PMCID: PMC9599019 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The production of biofuel, especially biodiesel, from algae oil receives little attention in developing countries due to poor enlightenment on biotechnology, high poverty rates, and poor funding of research. This study focuses on finding a better understanding of the evolving prospects and current challenges facing biodiesel production from algae oil in developing nations. Interestingly, several species of microalgae that can serves as sustainable feedstocks for biodiesel production have been identified in developing nations. It is evident that microalgae oil has physicochemical properties that qualifies it for the production of biodiesel, with fuel properties that meet ASTM and EN standards. Abstract Biofuel continues to thrive as an outstanding source of renewable energy for the global community. Several resources have been proposed as sources of feedstocks for biofuel; however, some of these have shortcoming. The use of biomass such as algae as a source of feedstock for biofuel is undoubtedly sustainable and green. Unfortunately, the use of algae oil for biodiesel production is underutilized in developing countries. Therefore, this study focuses on finding a better understanding of the evolving prospects and current challenges facing biodiesel production from algae oil in developing countries. The study revealed that less attention is given to the use of algae oil in biodiesel production due to poor enlightenment on biotechnology, high poverty rates, government policies, business strategies, and poor funding of research. Interestingly, several species of algae that can serve as sustainable feedstocks for biodiesel production have been identified in developing countries. It is evident that algae oil has properties that qualify it for the production of biodiesel with fuel properties that meet both the American Society for Testing and Materials and the European standards for biodiesel.
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10
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Rui C, Chen X, Xu N, Wang J, Zhang H, Li S, Huang H, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Lu X, Wang D, Gao W, Ye W. Identification and Structure Analysis of KCS Family Genes Suggest Their Reponding to Regulate Fiber Development in Long-Staple Cotton Under Salt-Alkaline Stress. Front Genet 2022; 13:812449. [PMID: 35186036 PMCID: PMC8850988 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.812449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) gene family catalyzed a β ketoacyl-CoA synthase, which was the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). Gossypium barbadense was well-known not only for high-quality fiber, which was perceived as a cultivated species of Gossypium. In this study, a total of 131 KCS genes were identified in four cotton species, there were 38, 44, 26, 23 KCS genes in the G. barbadense, the G. hirsutum, the G. arboreum and G. raimondii, respectively. The gene structure and expression pattern were analyzed. GBKCS genes were divided into six subgroups, the chromosome distribution of members of the family were mapped. The prediction of cis-acting elements of the GBKCS gene promoters suggested that the GBKCS genes may be involved in hormone signaling, defense and the stress response. Collinearity analysis on the KCS genes of the four cotton species were formulated. Tandem duplication played an indispensable role in the evolution of the KCS gene family. Specific expression analysis of 20 GBKCS genes indicated that GBKCS gene were widely expressed in the first 25 days of fiber development. Among them, GBKCS3, GBKCS8, GBKCS20, GBKCS34 were expressed at a high level in the initial long-term level of the G. barbadense fiber. This study established a foundation to further understanding of the evolution of KCS genes and analyze the function of GBKCS genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Rui
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, China
| | - Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shengmei Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, China
| | - Yapeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, China
| | - Xuke Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, China
| | - Delong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, China
| | - Wenwei Gao
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wuwei Ye
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, China
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11
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Giwa AS, Ali N. Perspectives of nervonic acid production by Yarrowia lipolytica. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:193-202. [PMID: 35119573 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (cis-15-tetracosenoic acid, 24:1Δ15) is a long chain monounsaturated fatty acid, mainly exists in white matt er of the human brains. It plays an important role in the development of nervous system and curing neurological diseases. The limited natural sources and high price are considered limiting factors for the extensive application of nervonic acid. Yarrowia lipolytica is a high lipid producing yeast and engineered strain which can produce nervonic acid. The biosynthesis of nervonic acid has yet to be investigated, although the metabolism has been examined for couple of years. Normally, oleic acid is considered the origin of nervonic acid synthesis through fatty acid prolongation, where malonyl-CoA and acyl-CoA are initially concise by 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS). To meet the high requirement of industrial production, the optimization of fermentation and bioreactors configurations are necessary tools to be carried out. This review article summarizes the research literature on advancements and recent trends about the production, synthesis and properties of nervonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmoseen Segun Giwa
- School of Human Settlements and Environment, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330108, China.,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Nasir Ali
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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12
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Muthukrishnan L. Bio‐engineering of microalgae: Challenges and future prospects toward industrial and environmental applications. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:310-329. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmipathy Muthukrishnan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai Tamil Nadu India
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13
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Effects of fatty acid synthase-inhibitors on polyunsaturated fatty acid production in marine diatom Fistulifera solaris JPCC DA0580. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 133:340-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Genetic engineering of microalgae for enhanced lipid production. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 52:107836. [PMID: 34534633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae have the potential to become microbial cell factories for lipid production. Their ability to convert sunlight and CO2 into valuable lipid compounds has attracted interest from cosmetic, biofuel, food and feed industries. In order to make microalgae-derived products cost-effective and commercially competitive, enhanced growth rates and lipid productivities are needed, which require optimization of cultivation systems and strain improvement. Advances in genetic tool development and omics technologies have increased our understanding of lipid metabolism, which has opened up possibilities for targeted metabolic engineering. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview on the developments made to genetically engineer microalgal strains over the last 30 years. We focus on the strategies that lead to an increased lipid content and altered fatty acid profile. These include the genetic engineering of the fatty acid synthesis pathway, Kennedy pathway, polyunsaturated fatty acid and triacylglycerol metabolisms and fatty acid catabolism. Moreover, genetic engineering of specific transcription factors, NADPH generation and central carbon metabolism, which lead to increase of lipid accumulation are also reviewed.
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Fan Y, Ding XT, Wang LJ, Jiang EY, Van PN, Li FL. Rapid Sorting of Fucoxanthin-Producing Phaeodactylum tricornutum Mutants by Flow Cytometry. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19040228. [PMID: 33920502 PMCID: PMC8072577 DOI: 10.3390/md19040228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin, which is widely found in seaweeds and diatoms, has many benefits to human health, such as anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory physiological activities. However, the low content of fucoxanthin in brown algae and diatoms limits the commercialization of this product. In this study, we introduced an excitation light at 488 nm to analyze the emitted fluorescence of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a diatom model organism rich in fucoxanthin. We observed a unique spectrum peak at 710 nm and found a linear correlation between fucoxanthin content and the mean fluorescence intensity. We subsequently used flow cytometry to screen high-fucoxanthin-content mutants created by heavy ion irradiation. After 20 days of cultivation, the fucoxanthin content of sorted cells was 25.5% higher than in the wild type. This method provides an efficient, rapid, and high-throughput approach to screen fucoxanthin-overproducing mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Y.F.); (X.-T.D.); (L.-J.W.); (E.-Y.J.); (P.N.V.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Y.F.); (X.-T.D.); (L.-J.W.); (E.-Y.J.); (P.N.V.)
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Y.F.); (X.-T.D.); (L.-J.W.); (E.-Y.J.); (P.N.V.)
| | - Er-Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Y.F.); (X.-T.D.); (L.-J.W.); (E.-Y.J.); (P.N.V.)
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Phung Nghi Van
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Y.F.); (X.-T.D.); (L.-J.W.); (E.-Y.J.); (P.N.V.)
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Fu-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Y.F.); (X.-T.D.); (L.-J.W.); (E.-Y.J.); (P.N.V.)
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-532-8066-2655
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Liu F, Wang P, Xiong X, Zeng X, Zhang X, Wu G. A Review of Nervonic Acid Production in Plants: Prospects for the Genetic Engineering of High Nervonic Acid Cultivars Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:626625. [PMID: 33747006 PMCID: PMC7973461 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.626625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (NA) is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid that plays crucial roles in brain development and has attracted widespread research interest. The markets encouraged the development of a refined, NA-enriched plant oil as feedstocks for the needed further studies of NA biological functions to the end commercial application. Plant seed oils offer a renewable and environmentally friendly source of NA, but their industrial production is presently hindered by various factors. This review focuses on the NA biosynthesis and assembly, NA resources from plants, and the genetic engineering of NA biosynthesis in oil crops, discusses the factors that affect NA production in genetically engineered oil crops, and provides prospects for the application of NA and prospective trends in the engineering of NA. This review emphasizes the progress made toward various NA-related topics and explores the limitations and trends, thereby providing integrated and comprehensive insight into the nature of NA production mechanisms during genetic engineering. Furthermore, this report supports further work involving the manipulation of NA production through transgenic technologies and molecular breeding for the enhancement of crop nutritional quality or creation of plant biochemical factories to produce NA for use in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Pandi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Life Science and Technology Center, China National Seed Group Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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17
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Lian XY, Wang X, Gao HN, Jiang H, Mao K, You CX, Li YY, Hao YJ. Genome wide analysis and functional identification of MdKCS genes in apple. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:299-312. [PMID: 32251955 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Apple fruit is covered by cuticle wax, which plays important roles protecting fruits from adverse environmental conditions. β-Ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) is the key rate-limiting enzyme in plant wax synthesis. In this study, we identified 28 KCS gene family members from apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) by homology analysis. Multi-sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the 28 MdKCS genes were divided into four subgroups, including KCS1-like, FAE1-like, FDH-like, and CER6. A chromosomal localization analysis revealed that 27 apple KCS genes were located on 11 chromosomes, while MdKCS28 was localized to the unassembled genomic scaffold. Most of the MdKCS proteins were hydrophilic proteins and they had similar secondary and tertiary structures. The prediction of cis-acting elements of the MdKCS gene promoters suggested that the MdKCS genes may be widely involved in hormone signaling and the stress response. Furthermore, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that eight MdKCS genes were highly expressed in the apple pericarp, and were significantly induced by drought, abscisic acid (ABA), and NaCl treatments. We transformed the MdKCS21 gene into apple calli, and found the MdKCS21 overexpressing transgenic apple calli exhibited higher tolerance to ABA treatment. Finally, the MdKCS proteins were localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and vacuolar membrane by confocal laser microscopy. This study established a foundation to further analyze the function of KCS genes and provided candidate genes for molecular improvement of wax content in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Huai-Na Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Han Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ke Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
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18
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Fayyaz M, Chew KW, Show PL, Ling TC, Ng IS, Chang JS. Genetic engineering of microalgae for enhanced biorefinery capabilities. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107554. [PMID: 32437732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae-based bioproducts are in limelight because of their promising future, novel characteristics, the current situation of population needs, and rising prices of rapidly depleting energy resources. Algae-based products are considered as clean sustainable energy and food resources. At present, they are not commercialized due to their high production cost and low yield. In recent years, novel genome editing tools like RNAi, ZNFs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 are used to enhance the quality and quantity of the desired products. Genetic and metabolic engineering are frequently applied because of their rapid and precise results than random mutagenesis. Omic approaches help enhance biorefinery capabilities and are now in the developing stage for algae. The future is very bright for transgenic algae with increased biomass yield, carbon dioxide uptake rate, accumulating high-value compounds, reduction in cultivation, and production costs, thus reaching the goal in the global algal market and capital flow. However, microalgae are primary producers and any harmful exposure to the wild strains can affect the entire ecosystem. Therefore, strict regulation and monitoring are required to assess the potential risks before introducing genetically modified microalgae into the natural ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmooda Fayyaz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
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Xu L, Liu H, Kilian A, Bhoite R, Liu G, Si P, Wang J, Zhou W, Yan G. QTL Mapping Using a High-Density Genetic Map to Identify Candidate Genes Associated With Metribuzin Tolerance in Hexaploid Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:573439. [PMID: 33042190 PMCID: PMC7527527 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.573439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Tolerance to metribuzin, a broad-spectrum herbicide, is an important trait for weed control in wheat breeding. However, the genetics of metribuzin tolerance in relation to the underlying quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genes is limited. This study developed F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between a highly resistant genotype (Chuan Mai 25) and highly susceptible genotype (Ritchie), which were used for QTL mapping of metribuzin tolerance. Genotyping was done using a diversity arrays technology sequencing (DArTseq) platform, and phenotyping was done in controlled environments. Herbicide tolerance was measured using three traits, visual score (VS), reduction of chlorophyll content (RCC), and mean value of chlorophyll content for metribuzin-treated plants (MCC). A high-density genetic linkage map was constructed using 2,129 DArTseq markers. Inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) identified seven QTL, one each on chromosomes 2A, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 5A, and 6A. Three major QTL-Qrcc.uwa.2AS, Qrcc.uwa.5AL, and Qrcc.uwa.6AL-explained 11.39%, 11.06%, and 11.45% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The 5A QTL was further validated using kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assays in an F3 validation population developed from Chuan Mai 25 × Dagger. Blasting the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) flanking the QTL in the wheat reference genome RefV1.0 revealed SNP markers within or very close to annotated genes which could be candidate genes responsible for metribuzin tolerance. Most of the candidate genes were related to metabolic detoxification, especially those of P450 pathway and xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity, which are reportedly key molecules responsible for herbicide tolerance. This study is the first to use specially developed populations to conduct QTL mapping on the metribuzin tolerance trait. The three major QTL and candidate genes identified in this study could facilitate marker-assisted metribuzin breeding in wheat. The QTL could be fine-mapped to locate the genes responsible for metribuzin tolerance, which could be introgressed into elite wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Faculty of Science, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Hui Liu
- Faculty of Science, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Andrzej Kilian
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd., University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Roopali Bhoite
- Faculty of Science, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Guannan Liu
- Faculty of Science, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ping Si
- Faculty of Science, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Jian Wang
- Faculty of Science, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guijun Yan
- Faculty of Science, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Guijun Yan,
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20
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A mini review of nervonic acid: Source, production, and biological functions. Food Chem 2019; 301:125286. [PMID: 31382110 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (NA) has attracted considerable attention because of its close relationship with brain development. Sources of NA include oil crop seeds, oil-producing microalgae, and other microorganisms. Transgenic technology has also been applied to improve the sources and production of NA. NA can be separated and purified by urea adduction fractionation, molecular distillation, and crystallization. Studies on NA functionality involved treatments for demyelinating diseases and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, as well as prediction of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. This mini review focuses on the sources, production, and biological functions of NA and provides prospective trends in the investigation of NA.
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Sun XM, Ren LJ, Zhao QY, Ji XJ, Huang H. Enhancement of lipid accumulation in microalgae by metabolic engineering. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:552-566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Naghshbandi MP, Tabatabaei M, Aghbashlo M, Aftab MN, Iqbal I. Metabolic Engineering of Microalgae for Biofuel Production. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1980:153-172. [PMID: 30666564 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2018_205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are considered as promising cell factories for the production of various types of biofuels, including bioethanol, biodiesel, and biohydrogen by using carbon dioxide and sunlight. In spite of unique advantages of these microorganisms, the commercialization of microalgal biofuels has been hindered by poor economic features. Metabolic engineering is among the most promising strategies put forth to overcome this challenge. In this chapter, metabolic pathways involved in lipid and hydrogen production by microalgae are reviewed and discussed. Moreover, metabolic and genetic engineering approaches investigated for improving the rate of lipid (as a feedstock for biodiesel production) and biohydrogen synthesis are presented. Finally, genetic engineering tools and approaches employed for engineering microalgal metabolic pathways are elaborated. A thorough step-by-step protocol for reconstructing the metabolic pathway of various microorganisms including microalgae is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Pooya Naghshbandi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. .,Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Muhammad Nauman Aftab
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Irfana Iqbal
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Xu F, Fan Y, Miao F, Hu GR, Sun J, Yang G, Li FL. Naphthylacetic Acid and Tea Polyphenol Application Promote Biomass and Lipid Production of Nervonic Acid-Producing Microalgae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:506. [PMID: 29731762 PMCID: PMC5920212 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mychonastes afer HSO-3-1 is a potential producer of nervonic acid, which could be accumulated to 2-3% of dry cell weight. Improving the productivity of nervonic acid is critical to promote the commercialization of this product. In this study, 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and tea polyphenol (TP) were selected as bioactive additives to stimulate the growth of M. afer. Supplementing NAA in the early growth stage and TP in the middle and late growth stage led to improved lipid accumulation in M. afer. The cultures supplemented with TP at the late growth stage maintained higher photosynthetic efficiency than the control groups without TP. Furthermore, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulations in M. afer supplemented with 500 mg/L of TP was 63% lower than the control group. A linear relationship (R2= 0.899) between the values of Fv/Fm and ROS accumulation was established. We hypothesize supplement of bioactive additives at different growth stage could promote the cell growth rate and nervonic acid productivity of M. afer by retrieving intracellular ROS level. Further analysis of photosynthetic system II (PSII) protein in M. afer cultured in presence of NAA and TP indicated the levels of D1 and D2 proteins, the core skeleton proteins of PSII, showed 33.3 and 25.6% higher than the control group. CP43 protein, a critical module in PSII repair cycle, decreased significantly. These implied that TP possesses the function of slowing down the damage of PSII by scavenging excess intracellular ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Forage Research and Development Center for Arable Region, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuhong Miao
- Forage Research and Development Center for Arable Region, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang-Rong Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Forage Research and Development Center for Arable Region, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Forage Research and Development Center for Arable Region, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fu-Li Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Fan Y, Meng HM, Hu GR, Li FL. Biosynthesis of nervonic acid and perspectives for its production by microalgae and other microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3027-3035. [PMID: 29478140 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (NA) is a major very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid found in the white matter of mammalian brains, which plays a critical role in the treatment of psychotic disorders and neurological development. In the nature, NA has been synthesized by a handful plants, fungi, and microalgae. Although the metabolism of fatty acid has been studied for decades, the biosynthesis of NA has yet to be illustrated. Generally, the biosynthesis of NA is considered starting from oleic acid through fatty acid elongation, in which malonyl-CoA and long-chain acyl-CoA are firstly condensed by a rate-limiting enzyme 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS). Heterologous expression of kcs gene from high NA producing species in plants and yeast has led to synthesis of NA. Nevertheless, it has also been reported that desaturases in a few plants can catalyze very long-chain saturated fatty acid into NA. This review highlights recent advances in the biosynthesis, the sources, and the biotechnological aspects of NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Rong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.
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