1
|
Soudagar MEM, Kiong TS, Jathar L, Nik Ghazali NN, Ramesh S, Awasarmol U, Ong HC. Perspectives on cultivation and harvesting technologies of microalgae, towards environmental sustainability and life cycle analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141540. [PMID: 38423144 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of algae is seen as a potential and ecologically sound approach to address the increasing demands in multiple sectors. However, successful implementation of processes is highly dependent on effective growing and harvesting methods. The present study provides a complete examination of contemporary techniques employed in the production and harvesting of algae, with a particular emphasis on their sustainability. The review begins by examining several culture strategies, encompassing open ponds, closed photobioreactors, and raceway ponds. The analysis of each method is conducted in a systematic manner, with a particular focus on highlighting their advantages, limitations, and potential for expansion. This approach ensures that the conversation is in line with the objectives of sustainability. Moreover, this study explores essential elements of algae harvesting, including the processes of cell separation, dewatering, and biomass extraction. Traditional methods such as centrifugation, filtration, and sedimentation are examined in conjunction with novel, environmentally concerned strategies including flocculation, electro-coagulation, and membrane filtration. It evaluates the impacts on the environment that are caused by the cultivation process, including the usage of water and land, the use of energy, the production of carbon dioxide, and the runoff of nutrients. Furthermore, this study presents a thorough examination of the current body of research pertaining to Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) studies, presenting a perspective that emphasizes sustainability in the context of algae harvesting systems. In conclusion, the analysis ends up with an examination ahead at potential areas for future study in the cultivation and harvesting of algae. This review is an essential guide for scientists, policymakers, and industry experts associated with the advancement and implementation of algae-based technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manzoore Elahi M Soudagar
- Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand - 248002, India; Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq.
| | - Tiong Sieh Kiong
- Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Laxmikant Jathar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Army Institute of Technology, Pune, 411015, India.
| | - Nik Nazri Nik Ghazali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - S Ramesh
- Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Umesh Awasarmol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Army Institute of Technology, Pune, 411015, India.
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Department of Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang F, Li Y, Miao X. Quantum dot-based light conversion strategy for customized cultivation of microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 397:130489. [PMID: 38403170 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms with the potential to mitigate the atmospheric greenhouse effect by carbon fixation. However, their growth is typically limited by light availability. A wavelength converter utilizing red, blue, and green quantum dots (QDs) was developed to optimize light quality for enhancing microalgal production. The growth, lipid content, and eicosapentaenoic acid titer of Nannochloropsis increased by 11.2%, 9.5%, and 15.5% with red QDs, respectively. The biomass and triacylglycerol content of Phaeodactylum tricornutum increased by 8.6% and 35.0%, respectively. Simultaneously, biodiesel production was accelerated in Nannochloropsis (20.2%) and P. tricornutum (11.6%), and improved with increased cetane number and reduced iodine value. Furthermore, red QDs increased the growth and biomass accumulation of Nannochloropsis under low light, while green QDs shielded Nannochloropsis from photoinhibition under high light. This customizable QD-based methodology overcomes microalgal light limitations, demonstrating a universally applicable approach to improve microalgal cultivation and biochemical component production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yulu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoling Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ramírez-Romero A, Martin M, Boyer A, Bolzoni R, Matricon L, Sassi JF, Steyer JP, Delrue F. Microalgae adaptation as a strategy to recycle the aqueous phase from hydrothermal liquefaction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 371:128631. [PMID: 36646358 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) produces bio-crude oil from wet algae along with an aqueous phase (AP). This effluent contains minerals that can be reused for cultivating new microalgae but whose utility remains limited due to the presence of inhibitors. Reduced photosynthetic performance, growth, and null lipid accumulation were observed in wild-type Chlorella vulgaris NIES 227 cultivated in AP (1/200). Adaptive laboratory evolution was studied by batch transfers and turbidostat mode. Both methods effectively counterbalanced AP toxicity and restored the fitness of the microalgae. After adaptation, a higher AP addition was achieved, from 1/600 to 1/200, without inhibition. As compared with the wild typein control medium (0.261 g/L/d), both adapted-strains maintained competitive productivity (0.310 and 0.258 g/L/d) of lipid-rich biomass (37 %-56 %). The improved tolerance of the adapted strains persisted after the removal of AP and under axenic conditions. Adaptive laboratory evolution is suggested for AP reutilization in the algae production process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ramírez-Romero
- MicroAlgae Processes Platform-CEA, CEA Tech Région Sud, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France; Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement (LBE), INRAE, Univ. De Montpellier, 102 Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France.
| | - Marion Martin
- MicroAlgae Processes Platform-CEA, CEA Tech Région Sud, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Alana Boyer
- MicroAlgae Processes Platform-CEA, CEA Tech Région Sud, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Romain Bolzoni
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Lucie Matricon
- CEA LITEN, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-François Sassi
- MicroAlgae Processes Platform-CEA, CEA Tech Région Sud, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Steyer
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement (LBE), INRAE, Univ. De Montpellier, 102 Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Florian Delrue
- MicroAlgae Processes Platform-CEA, CEA Tech Région Sud, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Joun J, Sirohi R, Sim SJ. The effects of acetate and glucose on carbon fixation and carbon utilization in mixotrophy of Haematococcus pluvialis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128218. [PMID: 36332870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The culture method using sodium acetate and glucose, widely used as organic carbon sources in the mixotrophy of Haematococcus pluvialis, was compared with its autotrophy. In the 12-day culture, mixotrophy using sodium acetate and glucose increased by 40.4% and 77.1%, respectively, compared to autotrophy, but the mechanisms for the increasing biomass were different. The analysis of the mechanism was divided into autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism. The mixotrophy with glucose increased the biomass by directly supplying the substrate and ATP to the TCA cycle while inhibiting photosynthesis. Gene expressions related to glycolysis and carbon fixation pathway were confirmed in autotrophy and mixotrophy with glucose and acetate. The metabolism predicted in the mixotrophy with acetate and glucose was proposed via autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism analysis. The mechanism of Haematococcus pluvialis under mixotrophic conditions with high CO2 concentration was confirmed through this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Joun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Corrêa PS, de M. Júnior WG, Caetano NS. Antioxidant potential of extracts of Chromochloris zofingiensis cultivated in pilot-scale outdoor tubular photobioreactors under nitrogen limitation. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Rasheed R, Thaher M, Younes N, Bounnit T, Schipper K, Nasrallah GK, Al Jabri H, Gifuni I, Goncalves O, Pruvost J. Solar cultivation of microalgae in a desert environment for the development of techno-functional feed ingredients for aquaculture in Qatar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155538. [PMID: 35489502 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The demand for aquaculture feed will increase in the coming years in order to ensure food security for a growing global population. Microalgae represent a potential fish-feed ingredient; however, the feasibility of their sustainable production has great influence on its successful application. Geographical locations offering high light and temperature, such as Qatar, are ideal to cultivate microalgae with high productivities. For that, the environmental and biological interactions, including field and laboratory optimization, for solar production and application of two native microalgae, Picochlorum maculatum and Nannochloris atomus, were investigated as potential aquaculture feed ingredients. After validating pilot-scale outdoor cultivation, both strains were further investigated under simulated seasonal conditions using a thermal model to predict light and culture temperature cycles for the major climatic seasons in Qatar. Applied thermal and light variations ranged from 36 °C and 2049 μmol/m2/s in extreme summer, to as low as 15 °C and 1107 μmol/m2/s in winter, respectively. Biomass productivities of both strains varied significantly with maximum productivities of 32.9 ± 2.5 g/m2/d and 17.1 ± 0.8 g/m2/d found under moderate summer conditions for P. maculatum and N. atomus, respectively. These productivities were significantly reduced under both extreme summer, as well as winter conditions. To improve annual biomass productivities, the effect of implementation of a simple ground heat exchanger for thermal regulation of raceway ponds was also studied. Biomass productivities increased significantly, during extreme seasons due to respective cooling and heating of the culture. Both strains produced high amounts of proteins during winter, 54.5 ± 0.55% and 44 ± 2.25%, while lipid contents were high during summer reaching up to 29.6 ± 0.75 and 28.65 ± 0.65%, for P. maculatum and N. atomus respectively. Finally, using acute toxicity assay with zebra fish embryos, both strains showed no toxicity even at the highest concentrations tested, and is considered safe for use as feed ingredient and to the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Rasheed
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Mahmoud Thaher
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Nadin Younes
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Touria Bounnit
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Kira Schipper
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Hareb Al Jabri
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Imma Gifuni
- Algosource Technologies, 7, Rue Eugène Cornet, 44600 Saint-Nazaire, France
| | - Olivier Goncalves
- CNRS, GEPEA, UMR 6144, Université de Nantes, Oniris, F-44600 Saint-Nazaire, France
| | - Jeremy Pruvost
- CNRS, GEPEA, UMR 6144, Université de Nantes, Oniris, F-44600 Saint-Nazaire, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Microalgae based production of single-cell protein. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 75:102705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
8
|
Coordination of Chloroplast Activity with Plant Growth: Clues Point to TOR. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060803. [PMID: 35336685 PMCID: PMC8953291 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the defining function of most autotrophic organisms. In the plantae kingdom, chloroplasts host this function and ensure growth. However, these organelles are very sensitive to stressful conditions and the photosynthetic process can cause photooxidative damage if not perfectly regulated. In addition, their function is energivorous in terms of both chemical energy and nutrients. To coordinate chloroplast activity with the cell’s need, continuous signaling is required: from chloroplasts to cytoplasm and from nucleus to chloroplasts. In this opinion article, several mechanisms that ensure this communication are reported and the many clues that point to an important role of the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase in the coordination between the eukaryotic and prokaryotic sides of plants are highlighted.
Collapse
|
9
|
Design and performance of a low-cost microalgae culturing system for growing Chlorella sorokiniana on cooking cocoon wastewater. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
10
|
Parsy A, Bidoire L, Saadouni M, Bahuaud M, Elan T, Périé F, Sambusiti C. Impact of seasonal variations on Nannochloropsis oculata phototrophic productivity in an outdoor pilot scale raceway. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
11
|
Daneshvar E, Sik Ok Y, Tavakoli S, Sarkar B, Shaheen SM, Hong H, Luo Y, Rinklebe J, Song H, Bhatnagar A. Insights into upstream processing of microalgae: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124870. [PMID: 33652189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide insights into the upstream processing of microalgae, and to highlight the advantages of each step. This review discusses the most important steps of the upstream processing in microalgae research such as cultivation modes, photobioreactors design, preparation of culture medium, control of environmental factors, supply of microalgae seeds and monitoring of microalgal growth. An extensive list of bioreactors and their working volumes used, elemental composition of some well-known formulated cultivation media, different types of wastewater used for microalgal cultivation and environmental variables studied in microalgae research has been compiled in this review from the vast literature. This review also highlights existing challenges and knowledge gaps in upstream processing of microalgae and future research needs are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Daneshvar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program and Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Samad Tavakoli
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Hui Hong
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Xinghua Industrial Research Centre for Food Science and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Xinghua, Jiangsu 225700, China
| | - Yongkang Luo
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Xinghua Industrial Research Centre for Food Science and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Xinghua, Jiangsu 225700, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; University of Sejong, Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheol Song
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Perspective Design of Algae Photobioreactor for Greenhouses—A Comparative Study. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14051338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The continued growth and evolving lifestyles of the human population require the urgent development of sustainable production in all its aspects. Microalgae have the potential of the sustainable production of various commodities; however, the energetic requirements of algae cultivation still largely contribute to the overall negative balance of many operation plants. Here, we evaluate energetic efficiency of biomass and lipids production by Chlorella pyrenoidosa in multi-tubular, helical-tubular, and flat-panel airlift pilot scale photobioreactors, placed in an indoor environment of greenhouse laboratory in Central Europe. Our results show that the main energy consumption was related to the maintenance of constant light intensity in the flat-panel photobioreactor and the culture circulation in the helical-tubular photobioreactor. The specific power input ranged between 0.79 W L−1 in the multi-tubular photobioreactor and 6.8 W L−1 in the flat-panel photobioreactor. The construction of multi-tubular photobioreactor allowed for the lowest energy requirements but also predetermined the highest temperature sensitivity and led to a significant reduction of Chlorella productivity in extraordinary warm summers 2018 and 2019. To meet the requirements of sustainable yearlong microalgal production in the context of global change, further development towards hybrid microalgal cultivation systems, combining the advantages of open and closed systems, can be expected.
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Kwon G, Le LT, Jeon J, Noh J, Jang Y, Kang D, Jahng D. Effects of light and mass ratio of microalgae and nitrifiers on the rates of ammonia oxidation and nitrate production. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
15
|
Comprehensive assessment of the preparation conditions of a separable magnetic nanocatalyst for biodiesel production from algae. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
16
|
Outdoor Large-Scale Cultivation of the Acidophilic Microalga Coccomyxa onubensis in a Vertical Close Photobioreactor for Lutein Production. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The large-scale biomass production is an essential step in the biotechnological applications of microalgae. Coccomyxa onubensis is an acidophilic microalga isolated from the highly acidic waters of Río Tinto (province of Huelva, Spain) and has been shown to accumulate a high concentration of lutein (9.7 mg g−1dw), a valuable antioxidant, when grown at laboratory-scale. A productivity of 0.14 g L−1 d−1 was obtained by growing the microalga under outdoor conditions in an 800 L tubular photobioreactor. The results show a stable biomass production for at least one month and with a lutein content of 10 mg g−1dw, at pH values in the range 2.5–3.0 and temperature in the range 10–25 °C. Culture density, temperature, and CO2 availability in highly acidic medium are rate-limiting conditions for the microalgal growth. These aspects are discussed in this paper in order to improve the outdoor culture conditions for competitive applications of C. onubensis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ma C, Ren H, Xing D, Xie G, Ren N, Liu B. Enhanced lipid productivity of an oleaginous microalgal mutant strain Scenedesmus sp. Z-4 and the underlying differences responsible for its superior lipid accumulation over wild strain Scenedesmus sp. MC-1. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|