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da Silva MBF, Teixeira CMLL. Cyanobacterial and microalgae polymers: antiviral activity and applications. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01452-5. [PMID: 39008244 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
At the end of 2019, the world witnessed the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. As an aggressive viral infection, the entire world remained attentive to new discoveries about the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its effects in the human body. The search for new antivirals capable of preventing and/or controlling the infection became one of the main goals of research during this time. New biocompounds from marine sources, especially microalgae and cyanobacteria, with pharmacological benefits, such as anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral attracted particular interest. Polysaccharides (PS) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), especially those containing sulfated groups in their structure, have potential antiviral activity against several types of viruses including HIV-1, herpes simplex virus type 1, and SARS-CoV-2. We review the main characteristics of PS and EPS with antiviral activity, the mechanisms of action, and the different extraction methodologies from microalgae and cyanobacteria biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Barbalho Farias da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Ye Q, Gong X, Li A, Shao S, Ji B. A typical acidic extracellular polysaccharide alludes to algae-bacteria-collaboration in microalgal-bacterial symbiosis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172545. [PMID: 38636868 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Microalgal-bacterial symbioses are prevalent in aquatic ecosystems and play a pivotal role in carbon sequestration, significantly contributing to global carbon cycling. The understanding of the contribution of exopolysaccharides (EPSs), a crucial carbon-based component, to the structural integrity of microalgal-bacterial symbioses remains insufficiently elucidated. To address this gap, our study aims to enhance our comprehension of the composition and primary structure of EPSs within a specific type of granular microalgal-bacterial symbiosis named microalgal-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS). Our investigation reveals that the acidic EPSs characteristic of this symbiosis have molecular weights ranging from several hundred thousand to over one million Daltons, including components like glucopyranose, galactopyranose, mannose, and rhamnose. Our elucidation of the backbone linkage of a representative exopolysaccharide revealed a →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ glycosidic linkage. This linear structure closely resembles bacterial xanthan, while the branched chain structure bears similarities to algal EPSs. Our findings highlight the collaborative synthesis of acidic EPSs by both microalgae and bacteria, emphasizing their joint contribution in the production of macromolecules within microalgal-bacterial symbiosis. This collaborative synthesis underscores the intricate molecular interactions contributing to the stability and function of these symbiotic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyi Ye
- Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xiping Gong
- Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Anjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Senlin Shao
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bin Ji
- Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
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Debnath S, Muthuraj M, Bandyopadhyay TK, Bobby MN, Vanitha K, Tiwari ON, Bhunia B. Engineering strategies and applications of cyanobacterial exopolysaccharides: A review on past achievements and recent perspectives. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121686. [PMID: 38220318 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are ideally suited for developing sustainable biological products but are underdeveloped due to a lack of genetic tools. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) is one of the essential bioproducts with widespread industrial applications. Despite their unique structural characteristics associated with distinct biological and physicochemical aspects, EPS from cyanobacteria has been underexplored. However, it is expected to accelerate in the near future due to the utilization of low-cost cyanobacterial platforms and readily available information on the structural data and specific features of these biopolymers. In recent years, cyanobacterial EPSs have attracted growing scientific attention due to their simple renewability, rheological characteristics, massive production, and potential uses in several biotechnology domains. This review focuses on the most recent research on potential new EPS producers and their distinct compositions responsible for novel biological activities. Additionally, nutritional and process parameters discovered recently for enhancing EPS production and engineering strategies applied currently to control the biosynthetic pathway for enhanced EPS production are critically highlighted. The process intensification of previously developed EPS extraction and purification processes from cyanobacterial biomass is also extensively explained. Furthermore, the newly reported biotechnological applications of cyanobacterial exopolysaccharides are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Debnath
- Bioproducts Processing Research Laboratory (BPRL), Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India
| | - Muthusivaramapandian Muthuraj
- Bioproducts Processing Research Laboratory (BPRL), Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India.
| | | | - Md Nazneen Bobby
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Guntur 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kondi Vanitha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, Medak, Telangana, India
| | - Onkar Nath Tiwari
- Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Blue Green Algae, Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Biswanath Bhunia
- Bioproducts Processing Research Laboratory (BPRL), Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India.
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Mudtham NA, Promariya A, Duangsri C, Maneeruttanarungroj C, Ngamkala S, Akrimajirachoote N, Powtongsook S, Salminen TA, Raksajit W. Exogenous Trehalose Improves Growth, Glycogen and Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate (PHB) Contents in Photoautotrophically Grown Arthrospira platensis under Nitrogen Deprivation. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:127. [PMID: 38392345 PMCID: PMC10886759 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) are excellent biopolymer products from cyanobacteria. In this study, we demonstrate that nitrogen metabolism is positively influenced by the exogenous application of trehalose (Tre) in Arthrospira platensis under nitrogen-deprived (-N) conditions. Cells were cultivated photoautotrophically for 5 days under -N conditions, with or without the addition of exogenous Tre. The results revealed that biomass and chlorophyll-a content of A. platensis experienced enhancement with the addition of 0.003 M and 0.03 M Tre in the -N medium after one day, indicating relief from growth inhibition caused by nitrogen deprivation. The highest glycogen content (54.09 ± 1.6% (w/w) DW) was observed in cells grown for 2 days under the -N + 0.003 M Tre condition (p < 0.05), while the highest PHB content (15.2 ± 0.2% (w/w) DW) was observed in cells grown for 3 days under the -N + 0.03 M Tre condition (p < 0.05). The RT-PCR analysis showed a significant increase in glgA and phaC transcript levels, representing approximately 1.2- and 1.3-fold increases, respectively, in A. platensis grown under -N + 0.003 M Tre and -N + 0.03 M Tre conditions. This was accompanied by the induction of enzyme activities, including glycogen synthase and PHA synthase with maximal values of 89.15 and 0.68 µmol min-1 mg-1 protein, respectively. The chemical structure identification of glycogen and PHB from A. platensis was confirmed by FTIR and NMR analysis. This research represents the first study examining the performance of trehalose in promoting glycogen and PHB production in cyanobacteria under nitrogen-deprived conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nat-Anong Mudtham
- Program of Animal Health Technology, Department of Veterinary Nursing, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Authen Promariya
- Program of Animal Health Technology, Department of Veterinary Nursing, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chanchanok Duangsri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Agro-Industry, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya 13000, Thailand
| | - Cherdsak Maneeruttanarungroj
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Suchanit Ngamkala
- Program of Animal Health Technology, Department of Veterinary Nursing, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | | | - Sorawit Powtongsook
- Center of Excellence for Marine Biotechnology, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Tiina A Salminen
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Wuttinun Raksajit
- Program of Animal Health Technology, Department of Veterinary Nursing, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Nikolova K, Gentscheva G, Gyurova D, Pavlova V, Dincheva I, Velikova M, Gerasimova A, Makedonski L, Gergov G. Metabolomic Profile of Arthrospira platensis from a Bulgarian Bioreactor-A Potential Opportunity for Inclusion in Dietary Supplements. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:174. [PMID: 38398682 PMCID: PMC10890032 DOI: 10.3390/life14020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to elucidate the metabolomic profile of Arthrospira platensis grown in a bioreactor in Bulgaria. The results show that Arthrospira platensis has a high content of mannose, 137.02 mg g-1, and vitamin A (retinol)-10.3 μg/100 g. High concentrations of calcium, sulfur, and zinc distinguish its elemental composition. The freeze-dried powder contained 15.81 ± 0.45% dietary fiber, 50.16 ± 0.25% total protein content, and 1.22 ± 0.11% total fat content. Among the unsaturated fatty acids with the highest content is α-linolenic acid (25.28%), while among the saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid prevails (22.55%). Of the sterols in the sample, β-sitosterol predominated. There is no presence of microcystins LR, RR, YR, and nodularin. Therefore, Arthrospira platensis grown in a Bulgarian bioreactor is safe for use in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Many of the organic compounds found have applications in medicine and pharmacology and play an important role in biochemical processes in the body. Therefore, Arthrospira platensis grown in Bulgaria has a high potential for use as an independent food supplement or in combination with other natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krastena Nikolova
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Medical University—Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Galia Gentscheva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Gyurova
- Department of Analytical and Laboratory Activities, National Center of Public Health and Analyses—Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.G.)
| | - Vera Pavlova
- Department of Analytical and Laboratory Activities, National Center of Public Health and Analyses—Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.G.)
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Department of Agrobiotechnologies, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Margarita Velikova
- Department of Physiology, Medical University—Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Anelia Gerasimova
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University—Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (A.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Lubomir Makedonski
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University—Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (A.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Georgi Gergov
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bontchev Str., Bl.103, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Ajayan KV, Chaithra PJ, Sridharan K, Sruthi P, Harikrishnan E, Harilal CC. Synergistic influence of iodine and hydrogen peroxide towards the degradation of harmful algal bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116926. [PMID: 37598850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooming due to the influence of temperature and increased nutrients in ponds/lakes aided by the runoff from agricultural lands, is a serious environmental issue. The presence of cyanotoxins in water may poison the health of aquatic organisms, animals, and humans. In this study, we focus on chemical assisted degradation of Microcystis aeruginosa- an alga that is of special relevance owing to its consistent blooming, especially in tropical regions. The study aims to ascertain the individual iodine (I) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and their combination (hereinafter referred to as IH) effects on the degradation of Microcystis aeruginosa. As expected, the collected pond water revealed the presence of metal ions viz., Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu and Mn, which enriched the blooming of M. aeruginosa. Interestingly, a complete rupture of the cells - pigment loss, biochemical degradation and oxidative damage-was observed by the IH solution after exposure for ∼9 h under ambient conditions. In comparison to control (original water without chemicals), the addition IH completely eliminated the pigments phycocyanin (99.5%) and allophycocyanin (98%), and degraded ∼81% and 91% of carbohydrates and proteins, respectively due to the synergistic action of I and H. Superior degradation of algae through a simple and eco-friendly approach presented in this study could be explored more effectively towards its large-scale applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Ajayan
- Biomass Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Tenjipalam, Malappuram, Kerala, 673 635, India.
| | - P J Chaithra
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calicut, Tenjipalam, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Kishore Sridharan
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Calicut, Tenjipalam, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - P Sruthi
- PG Department of Botany, Payyanur College, Kannur University, Edat, 670327, Kerala, India
| | - E Harikrishnan
- PG Department of Botany, Payyanur College, Kannur University, Edat, 670327, Kerala, India
| | - C C Harilal
- Biomass Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Tenjipalam, Malappuram, Kerala, 673 635, India; Department of Environmental Science, University of Calicut, Tenjipalam, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India.
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7
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Concórdio-Reis P, David H, Reis MAM, Amorim A, Freitas F. Bioprospecting for new exopolysaccharide-producing microalgae of marine origin. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:1123-1130. [PMID: 37140807 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms that can produce biomolecules with industrial interest, including exopolysaccharides (EPS). Due to their structural and compositional diversity, microalgae EPS present interesting properties that can be considered in cosmetic and/or therapeutic areas. Seven microalgae strains from three different lineages, namely Dinophyceae (phylum Miozoa), Haptophyta, and Chlorophyta, were investigated as EPS producers. All strains were found to be EPS producers, though the highest EPS yield was obtained for Tisochrysis lutea, followed by Heterocapsa sp. (126.8 and 75.8 mg L-1, respectively). Upon assessment of the polymers' chemical composition, significant contents of unusual sugars, including fucose, rhamnose, and ribose, were found. Heterocapsa sp. EPS stood out due to its high content of fucose (40.9 mol%), a sugar known to confer biological properties to polysaccharides. The presence of sulfate groups (10.6-33.5 wt%) was also noticed in the EPS produced by all microalgae strains, thus contributing to the possibility that these EPS might have biological activities worth exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Concórdio-Reis
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Helena David
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria A M Reis
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Amorim
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
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Daly G, Decorosi F, Viti C, Adessi A. Shaping the phycosphere: Analysis of the EPS in diatom-bacterial co-cultures. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:791-797. [PMID: 37399119 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The phycosphere is a unique niche that fosters complex interactions between microalgae and associated bacteria. The formation of this extracellular environment, and the associated bacterial biodiversity, is heavily influenced by the secretion of extracellular polymers, primarily driven by phototrophic organisms. The exopolysaccharides (EPS) represent the largest fraction of the microalgae-derived exudates, which can be specifically used by heterotrophic bacteria as substrates for metabolic processes. Furthermore, it has been proposed that bacteria and their extracellular factors play a role in both the release and composition of the EPS. In this study, two model microorganisms, the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum CCAP 1055/15 and the bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125, were co-cultured in a dual system to assess how their interactions modify the phycosphere chemical composition by analyzing the EPS monosaccharide profile released in the culture media by the two partners. We demonstrate that microalgal-bacterial interactions in this simplified model significantly influenced the architecture of their extracellular environment. We observed that the composition of the exo-environment, as described by the EPS monosaccharide profiles, varied under different culture conditions and times of incubation. This study reports an initial characterization of the molecular modifications occurring in the extracellular environment surrounding two relevant representatives of marine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Daly
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Decorosi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Viti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Adessi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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9
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Cuellar-Bermudez SP, Bleus D, Mees MA, Struyf T, Lama S, Vandamme D, Adriaensens P, Scherrers R, Thielemans W, Van den Ende W, Wattiez R, Muylaert K. Isolation, purification, and metal-induced gelation of released polysaccharides from spent culture medium of Arthrospira. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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10
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Xu J, Hsu SH. Enhancement of Cell Behavior by the Polysaccharide Extract of Arthrospira and Potential Biomedical Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020732. [PMID: 36677794 PMCID: PMC9863469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Arthrospira is one of the most studied cyanobacteria and has been reported with practical applications. Among the substances derived from Arthrospira, polysaccharides have received relatively less attention than phycocyanins, though they have more abundant structural variations and specific properties. Herein, a new Arthrospira-derived sulfated polysaccharide was explored for its potential bioactive functions. The ability of this sulfated polysaccharide to promote the behavior of neural stem cells (NSCs) in three-dimensional hydrogel was examined for the first time. NSCs encapsulated in the sulfated polysaccharide-containing hydrogel showed better proliferation than the control hydrogel as well as a unique cell clustering behavior, i.e., formation of multicellular spherical clusters (40-60 μm). The sulfated polysaccharide, in an appropriate range of concentration (5 mg/mL), also maintained the stemness of NSCs in hydrogel and facilitated their differentiation. In addition, the potentials of the new sulfated polysaccharide as a coating material and as a component for drug carrier were verified. The sulfated polysaccharide-modified substrate exhibited superhydrophilicity (contact angle ~9°) and promoted cell adhesion to the substrate. Composite nanoparticles composed of the sulfated polysaccharide and other differently charged polysaccharides were produced with an average diameter of ~240 nm and estimated drug loading of ~18%. The new Arthrospira-derived sulfated polysaccharide is a promising candidate for cell culture, surface-modification, and drug-delivery applications in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Xu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-3366-5313
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11
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Huang X, Gu P, Wu H, Wang Z, Huang S, Luo X, Zheng Z. Shift of calcium-induced Microcystis aeruginosa colony formation mechanism: From cell adhesion to cell division. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:119997. [PMID: 35995295 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Colony formation is an essential stage of cyanobacterial blooms. High calcium concentration can promote Microcystis aeruginosa aggregation behavior, but the mechanism of colony formation caused by calcium has rarely been reported. In this study, high calcium-induced colony formation was identified as a shift from cell adhesion to cell division, rather than only cell adhesion as previously thought. Algae responded to this calcium-induced environmental pressure by aggregating and forming colonies. Algal cells initially secreted large quantities of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and rapidly aggregated by cell adhesion. The highest aggregation proportion was up to 68.93%. However, high calcium concentrations cannot completely inhibit algal cell growth, but only delay the algae into the rapid growth phase. With adaption to calcium and existing high EPS content, the daughter cells reduced EPS synthesis and the aggregation proportion decreased. The increasing growth rate was also responsible for the decreased xylose content in EPS. The mechanism of colony formation changed to cell division. The downregulation of genes related to EPS secretion also supported this hypothesis. Overall, these results can benefit for our understanding of cyanobacterial bloom formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Peng Gu
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, PR China
| | - Hanqi Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Zhikai Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Suzhen Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Xingzhang Luo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
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12
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Quantification of extracellular and biomass carbohydrates by Arthrospira under nitrogen starvation at lab-scale. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Parameswari RP, Lakshmi T. Microalgae as a potential therapeutic drug candidate for neurodegenerative diseases. J Biotechnol 2022; 358:128-139. [PMID: 36122597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are highly photosynthetic unicellular organism that have increased demand in the recent days owing to the presence of valuable cellular metabolites. They are ubiquitous in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, rich in species diversity and are capable of generating significant biomass by efficiently using CO2, light and other nutrients like nitrogen, phosphate etc., The microalgal biomass has upsurged in economic potential and is used as both food and feed in many countries across the world, accounting for more than 75 % of annual microalgal biomass production in the past decades. The microalgal cells are sustainable resource that synthesize various secondary metabolites such as carotenoids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, essential amino acids, sterols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Microalgae and its derived compounds possess significant pharmacological and biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory and anti-obesity. Because of their potential health promoting properties, the utilization of microalgae and its derived substances in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries has skyrocketed in recent years. In this context, the current review discusses about the benefits of microalgae and its bioactive compounds against several neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Parameswari
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangavelu Lakshmi
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.
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14
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Li Z, Liu Y, Zhou T, Cao L, Cai Y, Wang Y, Cui X, Yan H, Ruan R, Zhang Q. Effects of Culture Conditions on the Performance of Arthrospira platensis and Its Production of Exopolysaccharides. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142020. [PMID: 35885263 PMCID: PMC9316341 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Arthrospira platensis (A. platensis) has been widely applied in industry and commerce for its various activities but the accumulation of EPS in culture medium may influence the growth of A. platensis reversely. This work aims to explore the impacts of initial pH, nitrogen source and concentration, phosphate concentration and recycle times of the culture medium on the growth of A. platensis and the secretion of its EPS. The results showed that EPS accumulated with the increase in recycle times of culture medium. The optimal initial pH for the growth of A. platensis was 8.50, and high pH of 11.5 inhibited the growth of biomass while resulting in highest EPS content of 92.87 mg/g DW. Excessive and limited nitrogen (NaNO3 of 25.00 g/L and NaNO3 < 2.50 g/L) and phosphate (K2HPO4 of 5.00 g/L and K2HPO4 < 0.50 g/L) inhibited the biomass production of A. platensis by 1.28−30.77% and 14.29−45.05%, respectively. EPS yield of 97.57 mg/g DW and 40.90 mg/g DW were obtained under NaNO3 of 25.00 g/L and K2HPO4 of 5.00 g/L due to salt stress. These findings are beneficial in providing a theoretical basis for high yield EPS from A. platensis without affecting biomass yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (H.Y.)
| | - Ting Zhou
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Leipeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yihui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yunpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (H.Y.)
| | - Xian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hongbin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (H.Y.)
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering and Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18070118735
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15
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Wang Z, Li G, Huang H, Zhang W, Wang J, Huang S, Zheng Z. Effects of Solar Radiation on the Cyanobacteria: Diversity, Molecular Phylogeny, and Metabolic Activity. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.928816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria bloom is a global aquatic ecological problem that seriously threatens human health and social development. The outbreak of cyanobacteria bloom is affected by various environmental factors, among which light dose is an essential factor. In this study, the growth changes of cyanobacteria under different amounts of natural light were studied by simulating different depths of Taihu Lake, and we used 16S rRNA and non-targeted metabolomics for sequencing to reveal the effects of light on the diversity of cyanobacteria and coexisting microorganisms, and to analyze the changes of related genes, functional structures and internal metabolism involved in nitrogen cycling. The result shows that excessive and insufficient light could limit the growth, photosynthesis, and EPS secretion of cyanobacteria, resulting in an antioxidant stress response. At the same time, the amount of natural light affects the vertical distribution of cyanobacteria, and under the condition of 1/3 natural light, cyanobacteria first appeared to float. In addition, the amount of natural light affects the diversity, abundance, and metabolites of cyanobacteria and coexisting microorganisms, and the expression of nifH, nirK, and nirS, three nitrogen-fixing genes, is significantly different in different genera. This study provides valuable information on the molecular mechanism of the effects of the amount of natural light on cyanobacteria bloom.
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16
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Laroche C. Exopolysaccharides from Microalgae and Cyanobacteria: Diversity of Strains, Production Strategies, and Applications. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050336. [PMID: 35621987 PMCID: PMC9148076 DOI: 10.3390/md20050336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms that can produce/accumulate biomolecules with industrial interest. Among these molecules, EPSs are macromolecular polysaccharidic compounds that present biological activities and physico-chemical properties, allowing to consider their valorization in diverse commercial markets, such as cosmetic, therapeutic, nutraceutic, or hydrocolloids areas. The number of microalgae and cyanobacteria strains described to produce such EPSs has increased in recent years as, among the 256 producing strains gathered in this review, 86 were published in the last 10 years (~33%). Moreover, with the rise of research on microalgae EPSs, a variety of monosaccharides compositions have been discovered, highlighting the versatility of these organisms. If some production strategies can be applied to increase EPS production yields, it appears that case by case studies are needed to promote EPS synthesis by a strain, as many responses exist. This paper proposes an up-to-date state of the art of the diversity of microalgae and cyanobacteria EPS-producing strains, associated to the variability of compositions. The strategies for the production and extraction of the polymers are also discussed. Finally, an overview of the biological activities and physico-chemical properties allow one to consider their use on several commercial markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Laroche
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont-Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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17
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Borjas Esqueda A, Gardarin C, Laroche C. Exploring the Diversity of Red Microalgae for Exopolysaccharide Production. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040246. [PMID: 35447919 PMCID: PMC9031348 DOI: 10.3390/md20040246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae constitute a remarkable biological diversity but a limited number of them have been the object of study for their ability to produce exoplysaccharides (EPS). Among them, the red marine microalgae Porphyridium or Rhodella produce sulphated EPS, exhibiting some biological activities with potential interest in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. EPS from Porphyridium and Rhodella being relatively similar in their composition, it has long been considered that all the red microalgae produced similar EPS and no attention was paid to other red microalgae. The objective of our work was then to explore the diversity of red microalgae for the production of EPS, focusing in this first step on the screening of the strains for their ability to produce EPS and preliminary structural characterization. The study was conducted with 11 microalgae strains belonging to the proteorhodophytina subphylum. All microalgae were able to produce EPS, released in the culture medium (strains belonging to Porphyridiophyceae and Rhodellophyceae classes) or remaining bound to the cells (strains from Stylonematophyceae class). The analysis of monosaccharides composition was found significantly different, with for instance high levels of glucuronic acids in the EPS from C. japonica and N. cyanea, but also strong differences in the sulphation degrees of polymers (between 1.2 and 28.7% eq. SO4).
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18
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The Oxygen Paradigm—Quantitative Impact of High Concentrations of Dissolved Oxygen on Kinetics and Large-Scale Production of Arthrospira platensis. CHEMENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering6010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of Arthrospira platensis in tubular photobioreactors (tPBRs) presents a promising approach for the commercial production of nutraceuticals and food products as it can achieve high productivity and effective process control. In closed photobioreactors, however, high amounts of photosynthetically produced oxygen can accumulate. So far, there has been a wide range of discussion on how dissolved oxygen concentrations (DOCs) affect bioprocess kinetics, and the subject has mainly been assessed empirically. In this study, we used photorespirometry to quantify the impact of DOCs on the growth kinetics and phycocyanin content of the widely cultivated cyanobacterium A. platensis. The photorespirometric routine revealed that the illumination intensity and cell dry weight concentration are important interconnected process parameters behind the impact that DOCs have on the bioprocess kinetics. Unfavorable process conditions such as low biomass concentrations or high illumination intensities yielded significant growth inhibition and reduced the phycocyanin content of A. platensis by up to 35%. In order to predict the biomass productivity of the large-scale cultivation of A. platensis in tPBRs, a simple process model was extended to include photoautotrophic oxygen production and accumulation in the tPBR to evaluate the performance of two configurations of a 5000 L tPBR.
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19
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Magnetic Field Action on Limnospira indica PCC8005 Cultures: Enhancement of Biomass Yield and Protein Content. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a magnetic field (MF) on the cyanobacteria Limnospira indica PCC 8005 growth rate and biomass composition were investigated. A device to apply the MF during the cultivation was built and the cyanobacteria were exposed to a steady 11 mT transverse MF. The growth increased with MF application, and when it was applied for 1 h per day, 123% more biomass was produced than in the control group. The protein content in the biomass cultured under this condition increased, achieving 60.4 w/w, while the Chl-a increased by 326%. The MF application for 1 h per day was found to be more efficient than when applied continuously for 24 h per day, in addition to being more economical and sustainable. This study showed an inexpensive and non-toxic way to enhance biomass concentration, leading to amounts more than 100% higher than those obtained in the control group. Furthermore, the high protein content in the biomass gave us several possibilities to increase the nutritional value of food.
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20
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Escalas A, Troussellier M, Melayah D, Bruto M, Nicolas S, Bernard C, Ader M, Leboulanger C, Agogué H, Hugoni M. Strong reorganization of multi-domain microbial networks associated with primary producers sedimentation from oxic to anoxic conditions in an hypersaline lake. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6464137. [PMID: 34918080 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role of microbial interactions in the functioning of natural systems is often impaired by the levels of complexity they encompass. In this study, we used the relative simplicity of an hypersaline crater lake hosting only microbial organisms (Dziani Dzaha) to provide a detailed analysis of the microbial networks including the three domains of life. We identified two main ecological zones, one euphotic and oxic zone in surface, where two phytoplanktonic organisms produce a very high biomass, and one aphotic and anoxic deeper zone, where this biomass slowly sinks and undergoes anaerobic degradation. We highlighted strong differences in the structure of microbial communities from the two zones and between the microbial consortia associated with the two primary producers. Primary producers sedimentation was associated with a major reorganization of the microbial network at several levels: global properties, modules composition, nodes and links characteristics. We evidenced the potential dependency of Woesearchaeota to the primary producers' exudates in the surface zone, and their disappearance in the deeper anoxic zone, along with the restructuration of the networks in the anoxic zone toward the decomposition of the organic matter. Altogether, we provided an in-depth analysis of microbial association network and highlighted putative changes in microbial interactions supporting the functioning of the two ecological zones in this unique ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Escalas
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, Place Eugène Bataillon, Case 093, 34 095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Marc Troussellier
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, Place Eugène Bataillon, Case 093, 34 095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Delphine Melayah
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maxime Bruto
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, 43 bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sébastien Nicolas
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Cécile Bernard
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - CNRS, CP 39, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Magali Ader
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Leboulanger
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, Place Eugène Bataillon, Case 093, 34 095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Hélène Agogué
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) UMR 7266 CNRS -La Rochelle Université, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Mylène Hugoni
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
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21
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Manhaeghe D, Arashiro LT, Van Hulle SWH, Rousseau DPL. Towards a general kinetic microalgae model: Extending a semi-deterministic green microalgae model for the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis and red alga Porphyridium purpureum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125993. [PMID: 34592617 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mathematical models for microalgae and cyanobacteria are seldomly validated for different algal species, as such limiting their applicability. Therefore, in this research, a previously developed kinetic model describing the growth of the green microalgae species Chlorella vulgaris was used to simulate the growth of the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis and the red alga Porphyridium purpureum. Based on a global sensitivity analysis, the model parameter µmax,A was calibrated using respirometric-titrimetric data. Calibration yielded values of 5.76 ± 0.17 d-1, 2.06 ± 0.16 d-1 and 1.06 ± 0.09 d-1 for Chlorella vulgaris, Arthrospira platensis and Porphyridium purpureum, respectively. Model simulations revealed that the biological growth equations in this model are adequate. However, increased light intensities triggered a survival mechanism for Arthrospira platensis, which is currently not taken into account by the model, leading to bad model accuracy under these circumstances. Future work should address the most important survival mechanisms and include those in the model to widen its applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Manhaeghe
- Laboratory for Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Sint Martens-Latemlaan 2B, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Larissa T Arashiro
- Laboratory for Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Sint Martens-Latemlaan 2B, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stijn W H Van Hulle
- Laboratory for Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Sint Martens-Latemlaan 2B, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Diederik P L Rousseau
- Laboratory for Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Sint Martens-Latemlaan 2B, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
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22
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Shkolnikov Lozober H, Okun Z, Shpigelman A. The impact of high-pressure homogenization on thermal gelation of Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) protein concentrate. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Arias DM, Ortíz-Sánchez E, Okoye PU, Rodríguez-Rangel H, Balbuena Ortega A, Longoria A, Domínguez-Espíndola R, Sebastian PJ. A review on cyanobacteria cultivation for carbohydrate-based biofuels: Cultivation aspects, polysaccharides accumulation strategies, and biofuels production scenarios. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148636. [PMID: 34323759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial biomass has constituted a crucial third and fourth-generation biofuel material, with great potential to synthesize a wide range of metabolites, mainly carbohydrates. Lately, carbohydrate-based biofuels from cyanobacteria, such as bioethanol, biohydrogen, and biobutanol, have attracted attention as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based products. Cyanobacteria can perform a simple process of saccharification, and extracted carbohydrates can be converted into biofuels with two alternatives; the first one consists of a fermentative process based on bacteria or yeasts, while the second alternative consists of an internal metabolic process of their own in intracellular carbohydrate content, either by the natural or genetic engineered process. This study reviewed carbohydrate-enriched cyanobacterial biomass as feedstock for biofuels. Detailed insights on technical strategies and limitations of cultivation, polysaccharide accumulation strategies for further fermentation process were provided. Advances and challenges in bioethanol, biohydrogen, and biobutanol production by cyanobacteria synthesis and an independent fermentative process are presented. Critical outlook on life-cycle assessment and techno-economical aspects for large-scale application of these technologies were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce María Arias
- Instituto de Energías Renovables-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos CP, 62580, Mexico
| | - Edwin Ortíz-Sánchez
- Universidad Politécnica del Estado de Morelos, Boulevard Cuauhnáhuac No. 566 Col. Lomas del Texcal, Jiutepec, Morelos CP, 62550, Mexico
| | - Patrick U Okoye
- Instituto de Energías Renovables-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos CP, 62580, Mexico.
| | - Hector Rodríguez-Rangel
- Division de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Culiacán, Juan de Dios Batiz 310 pte. Col Guadalupe, CP, 80220 Culiacàn, Mexico
| | - A Balbuena Ortega
- Instituto de Energías Renovables-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos CP, 62580, Mexico
| | - Adriana Longoria
- Instituto de Energías Renovables-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos CP, 62580, Mexico
| | - Ruth Domínguez-Espíndola
- Instituto de Energías Renovables-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos CP, 62580, Mexico
| | - P J Sebastian
- Instituto de Energías Renovables-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos CP, 62580, Mexico
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24
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Gu P, Zhang G, Luo X, Xu L, Zhang W, Li Q, Sun Y, Zheng Z. Effects of different fluid fields on the formation of cyanobacterial blooms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131219. [PMID: 34147980 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms have been attracting more and more attention, and the mechanism is widely studied. However, the effects of fluid fields on the bloom formation were rarely reported. In this study, the effects of fluid fields formed under different external conditions were investigated. The results indicated that low wind speed (3 m/s) was conducive to the formation of cyanobacterial blooms, while high wind speed (6 m/s) was adverse. For low wind speed, an upward fluid field was detected by particle image velocimetry. This fluid field accelerated the algal growth by 58.6%, and improved the buoyancy by up-regulating the genes involved in the synthesis of gas vesicles and extracellular polymeric substances. In addition, the boundary shear stress induced the colony formation of cyanobacteria and improved the aggregation proportion significantly (p < 0.05), which was beneficial to bloom formation. As a result, cyanobacterial blooms are more likely to form on the lake shore under moderate breeze. When wind speed increased to 6 m/s, a downward fluid field was formed, causing algal cells to gather at the bottom and hindering the bloom formation. These results provided a theoretical basis for field researches related to the formation of cyanobacterial blooms and the treatment of cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xin Luo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianghao Xu
- China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; School of Ecological Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Phillips Exeter Academy '20 graduate', Exeter, NH, USA
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Fredricks JL, Iyer H, McDonald R, Hsu J, Jimenez AM, Roumeli E. Spirulina‐based composites for
3D
‐printing. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L. Fredricks
- Materials Science and Engineering Department University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Hareesh Iyer
- Materials Science and Engineering Department University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Robin McDonald
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA
| | - Jeffrey Hsu
- Materials Science and Engineering Department University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Andrew M. Jimenez
- Materials Science and Engineering Department University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Eleftheria Roumeli
- Materials Science and Engineering Department University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
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26
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Microalgae Polysaccharides: An Overview of Production, Characterization, and Potential Applications. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides2040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms capable of synthesizing several biocompounds, including polysaccharides with antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. At the same time that the accumulation of biomolecules occurs, microalgae can use wastewater and gaseous effluents for their growth, mitigating these pollutants. The increase in the production of polysaccharides by microalgae can be achieved mainly through nutritional limitations, stressful conditions, and/or adverse conditions. These compounds are of commercial interest due to their biological and rheological properties, which allow their application in various sectors, such as pharmaceuticals and foods. Thus, to increase the productivity and competitiveness of microalgal polysaccharides with commercial hydrocolloids, the cultivation parameters and extraction/purification processes have been optimized. In this context, this review addresses an overview of the production, characterization, and potential applications of polysaccharides obtained by microalgae and cyanobacteria. Moreover, the main opportunities and challenges in relation to obtaining these compounds are highlighted.
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Mushroom-derived polysaccharides as antitumor and anticancer agent: A concise review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Arthrospira platensis as a Feasible Feedstock for Bioethanol Production. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11156756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades and to deal with the scarcity of fossil fuels, many studies have been developed in order to set up a sustainable biofuel production sector. This new sector must be efficient (high productivity), economically profitable (low production costs and therefore acceptable fuel prices), and ethical (low carbon balance, no competition with food resources). The production of bioethanol is based on the fermentation of reserve sugars, accumulated in the form of starch in microalgae and glycogen in cyanobacteria. The advantage of this bioenergy production route lies in the fact that the post-crop fermentation process is at the industrial stage since it has already been tested for many years for the production of bioethanol from agricultural resources. One of the most cultivated cyanobacteria is Arthrospira (“Spirulina”) and its production is also already at industrial scale. Depending on the cultivation conditions, this cyanobacteria is able to accumulate up to 65% DW (dry weight) of glycogen, making it a feasible feedstock for bioethanol production. The aim of this review is to provide a clear overview of these operating conditions for glycogen accumulation.
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Static Magnetic Fields Effects on Polysaccharides Production by Different Microalgae Strains. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11115299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are able to produce many valuable biomolecules, such as polysaccharides, that presents a large diversity of biochemical structures and functions as antioxidant, antifungal, anticancer, among others. Static magnetic fields (SMF) influence the metabolism of microorganisms and has been shown as an alternative to increase microalgae biomass, yield and compounds production. Especially, some studies have highlighted that SMF application could enhance carbohydrate content. This study aimed to evaluate different conditions of SMF on Spirulina and Chlorella in indoor and outdoor conditions, in order to confirm the influence of SMF on polysaccharides production, evaluating which polysaccharidic fraction could be enhanced by SMF and highlighting a possible modification in EPS composition. Starch from Chlorella and exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Spirulina were quantified and characterized. SMF increased the starch content in Chorella fusca biomass. EPS productions from A. platensis and Spirulina sp. were not significantly increased, and global composition appeared similar to the controls (constituted basically of 80–86% neutral sugars and 13–19% uronic acids). However, the monosaccharide composition analysis revealed a significant modification of composition, i.e., the amount of fucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose and glucuronic acid was increased, while the glucose content was decreased. SMF application led to significant modification of polysaccharides production and this study demonstrate that combining the outdoor conditions with SMF, the starch content and EPS composition was positively affected.
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Decamp A, Michelo O, Rabbat C, Laroche C, Grizeau D, Pruvost J, Gonçalves O. A New, Quick, and Simple Protocol to Evaluate Microalgae Polysaccharide Composition. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020101. [PMID: 33578865 PMCID: PMC7916578 DOI: 10.3390/md19020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a new methodological approach, relying on the high specificity of enzymes in a complex mixture, was developed to estimate the composition of bioactive polysaccharides produced by microalgae, directly in algal cultures. The objective was to set up a protocol to target oligomers commonly known to be associated with exopolysaccharides' (EPS) nutraceutical and pharmaceutical activities (i.e., rhamnose, fucose, acidic sugars, etc.) without the constraints classically associated with chromatographic methods, while maintaining a resolution sufficiently high to enable their monitoring in the culture system. Determination of the monosaccharide content required the application of acid hydrolysis (2 M trifluoroacetic acid) followed by NaOH (2 M) neutralization. Quantification was then carried out directly on the fresh hydrolysate using enzyme kits corresponding to the main monosaccharides in a pre-determined composition of the polysaccharides under analysis. Initial results showed that the enzymes were not sensitive to the presence of TFA and NaOH, so the methodology could be carried out on fresh hydrolysate. The limits of quantification of the method were estimated as being in the order of the log of nanograms of monosaccharides per well, thus positioning it among the chromatographic methods in terms of analytical performance. A comparative analysis of the results obtained by the enzymatic method with a reference method (high-performance anion-exchange chromatography) confirmed good recovery rates, thus validating the closeness of the protocol. Finally, analyses of raw culture media were carried out and compared to the results obtained in miliQ water; no differences were observed. The new approach is a quick, functional analysis method allowing routine monitoring of the quality of bioactive polysaccharides in algal cultures grown in photobioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Decamp
- Université de Nantes, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 37 boulevard de l’Université, 44600 Saint-Nazaire, France; (A.D.); (O.M.); (C.R.); (D.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Orane Michelo
- Université de Nantes, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 37 boulevard de l’Université, 44600 Saint-Nazaire, France; (A.D.); (O.M.); (C.R.); (D.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Christelle Rabbat
- Université de Nantes, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 37 boulevard de l’Université, 44600 Saint-Nazaire, France; (A.D.); (O.M.); (C.R.); (D.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Céline Laroche
- Institut Pascal UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Dominique Grizeau
- Université de Nantes, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 37 boulevard de l’Université, 44600 Saint-Nazaire, France; (A.D.); (O.M.); (C.R.); (D.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Jérémy Pruvost
- Université de Nantes, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 37 boulevard de l’Université, 44600 Saint-Nazaire, France; (A.D.); (O.M.); (C.R.); (D.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Olivier Gonçalves
- Université de Nantes, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 37 boulevard de l’Université, 44600 Saint-Nazaire, France; (A.D.); (O.M.); (C.R.); (D.G.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhao Z, Cuellar Bermudez S, Ilyas A, Muylaert K, Vankelecom IF. Optimization of negatively charged polysulfone membranes for concentration and purification of extracellular polysaccharides from Arthrospira platensis using the response surface methodology. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Extruded polysaccharide/protein matrix from Arthrospira platensis cultures mediated silver nanoparticles biosynthesis and capping. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pulsed electric energy and ultrasonication assisted green solvent extraction of bio-molecules from different microalgal species. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Exopolysaccharides from Cyanobacteria: Strategies for Bioprocess Development. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10113763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria have the potential to become an industrially sustainable source of functional biopolymers. Their exopolysaccharides (EPS) harbor chemical complexity, which predicts bioactive potential. Although some are reported to excrete conspicuous amounts of polysaccharides, others are still to be discovered. The production of this strain-specific trait can promote carbon neutrality while its intrinsic location can potentially reduce downstream processing costs. To develop an EPS cyanobacterial bioprocess (Cyano-EPS) three steps were explored: the selection of the cyanobacterial host; optimization of production parameters; downstream processing. Studying the production parameters allow us to understand and optimize their response in terms of growth and EPS production though many times it was found divergent. Although the extraction of EPS can be achieved with a certain degree of simplicity, the purification and isolation steps demand experience. In this review, we gathered relevant research on EPS with a focus on bioprocess development. Challenges and strategies to overcome possible drawbacks are highlighted.
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Werlang EB, Julich J, Muller MVG, de Farias Neves F, Sierra-Ibarra E, Martinez A, Schneider RDCDS. Bioethanol from hydrolyzed Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) biomass using ethanologenic bacteria. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPhotosynthetic microorganisms are considered excellent feedstock for biofuel production in developing biomass production technologies. A study was conducted to evaluate ethanol production with the sequential enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) biomass with the metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strain MS04. A. platensis was cultivated semicontinuously in an open raceway pond, and the carbohydrate content was determined to be as high as 40%. The enzymatic saccharification was designed to release the maximum amount of glucose. After 40 h of enzymatic saccharification, 27 g L−1 of monosaccharides was obtained. These slurries were fermented with ethanologenic bacteria, achieving 12.7 g L−1 ethanol after 9 h of fermentation, which corresponds to 92% conversion yield of the glucose content in the hydrolysate, 0.13 g of ethanol per 1 g of Spirulina biomass and a volumetric productivity of 1.4 g of ethanol L−1 h−1. Therefore, we conclude that it is possible, in a short time, to obtain a high ethanol yield corresponding to 160 L per ton of dry biomass with a high productivity.
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Zhang R, Lebovka N, Marchal L, Vorobiev E, Grimi N. Comparison of aqueous extraction assisted by pulsed electric energy and ultrasonication: Efficiencies for different microalgal species. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Tang W, Liu D, Yin JY, Nie SP. Consecutive and progressive purification of food-derived natural polysaccharide: Based on material, extraction process and crude polysaccharide. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Extraction Optimization, Structural Characterization, and Anticoagulant Activity of Acidic Polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula- judae. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030710. [PMID: 32041370 PMCID: PMC7036816 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharides (AAP) as natural anticoagulants for application in the functional food industry, ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) was optimized for the extraction of AAP by using a response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum extraction yield of crude AAP (14.74 mg/g) was obtained at the optimized extraction parameters as follows: Extraction temperature (74 °C), extraction time (27 min), the ratio of liquid to raw material (103 mL/g), and ultrasound power (198 W). Furthermore, the acidic AAP (aAAP) was precipitated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) from crude AAP (cAAP). aAAP was further purified using ion exchange chromatography with a DEAE Purose 6 Fast Flow column to obtain aAAP-1. Additionally, according to the HPLC analysis, the aAAP-1 was mainly composed of mannose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, and xylose, with a molar ratio of 80.63:9.88:2.25:1:31.13. Moreover, the results of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT) indicated aAAP-1 had anticoagulant activity, which was a synergic anticoagulant activity by the endogenous and exogenous pathway.
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Gu P, Li Q, Zhang W, Zheng Z, Luo X. Effects of different metal ions (Ca, Cu, Pb, Cd) on formation of cyanobacterial blooms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 189:109976. [PMID: 31767457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eastern China is a typical region that suffers from harmful cyanobacterial blooms. Numerous studies have focused on bloom formation mechanisms; however, the detailed mechanisms remained unclear. Our study explored the influence of four metal ions (Ca, Cu, Pb and Cd) on Microcystis aeruginosa to determine their effects on bloom formation. We found that Ca concentrations higher than 100 mg L-1 contributed to cyanobacterial bloom formation. The presence of Ca triggered the anti-oxidation process and promoted the secretion of extracellular polysaccharides, thus inducing aggregation of algal cells and enhancing their buoyancy 2.1-fold more than the control (p<0.05). The reverse regulation of dissolved CO2 to bicarbonate by carbonic anhydrase formed a large amount of carbonate and decreased the growth rate by 38-56%. Cu (>0.1 mg L-1) presented significant toxicity to algal cells while Pb (>1 mg L-1) suppressed the algal growth rate due to the acidic condition. Cd (<0.1 mg L-1) exhibited no apparent toxicity to the algae. Furthermore, as the buoyancy increased, Cd was likely to facilitate the formation of cyanobacterial blooms, which needs further research. These findings can provide a theoretical basis for eutrophic lake management and contribute to the development of water quality and wastewater discharge standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
| | - Xingzhang Luo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
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Simple, fast and accurate method for the determination of glycogen in the model unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 164:105686. [PMID: 31400361 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen is a highly soluble branched polymer composed of glucose monomers linked by glycosidic bonds that represents, together with starch, one of the main energy storage compounds in living organisms. While starch is present in plant cells, glycogen is present in bacteria, protozoa, fungi and animal cells. Due to its essential function, it has been the subject of intense research for almost two centuries. Different procedures for the isolation and quantification of glycogen, according to the origin of the sample and/or the purpose of the study, have been reported in the literature. The objective of this study is to optimize the methodology for the determination of glycogen in cyanobacteria, as the interest in cyanobacterial glycogen has increased in recent years due to the biotechnological application of these microorganisms. In the present work, the methodology reported for the quantification of glycogen in cyanobacteria has been reviewed and an extensive empirical analysis has been performed showing how this methodology can be optimized significantly to reduce time and improve reliability and reproducibility. Based on these results, a simple and fast protocol for quantification of glycogen in the model unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is presented, which could also be successfully adapted to other cyanobacteria.
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Liu Q, Yao C, Sun Y, Chen W, Tan H, Cao X, Xue S, Yin H. Production and structural characterization of a new type of polysaccharide from nitrogen-limited Arthrospira platensis cultivated in outdoor industrial-scale open raceway ponds. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:131. [PMID: 31143244 PMCID: PMC6533678 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbohydrates are major biomass source in fuel-targeted biorefinery. Arthrospira platensis is the largest commercialized microalgae with good environmental tolerance and high biomass production. However, the traditional target of A. platensis cultivation is the protein, which is the downstream product of carbohydrates. Aiming to provide the alternative non-food carbohydrates source, the feasible manipulation technology on the cultivation is needed, as well as new separation methodology to achieve maximum utilization of overall biomass. RESULTS The present study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of industrially producing carbohydrate-enriched A. platensis and characterize the structure of the polysaccharide involved. Cultivated in industrial-scale outdoor open raceway ponds under nitrogen limitation, A. platensis accumulated maximally 64.3%DW of carbohydrate. The maximum biomass and carbohydrate productivity reached 27.5 g m-2 day-1 and 26.2 g m-2 day-1, respectively. The efficient extraction and purification of the polysaccharides include a high-pressure homogenization-assisted hot water extraction followed by flocculation with a non-toxic flocculant ZTC1 + 1, with the polysaccharide purity and total recovery reaching 81% and 75%, respectively. The purified polysaccharide was mainly composed of (1→3)(1→4)- or (1→3)(1→2)-α-glucan with a molecular weight of 300-700 kDa, which differed from the commonly acknowledged glycogen. CONCLUSIONS By the way of controlled nitrogen limitation, the high carbohydrate production of A. platensis in the industrial scale was achieved. The α-glucan from A. platensis could be a potential glucose source for industrial applications. A non-toxic separation method of carbohydrate was applied to maintain the possibility of utilization of residue in high-value field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishun Liu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Yongxin Sun
- Dalian Biotechnology Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, 116024 China
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Haidong Tan
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Xupeng Cao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Song Xue
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Heng Yin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates; Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
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