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Velásquez-Orta SB, Yáñez-Noguez I, Ramírez IM, Ledesma MTO. Pilot-scale microalgae cultivation and wastewater treatment using high-rate ponds: a meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:46994-47021. [PMID: 38985422 PMCID: PMC11297075 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation in wastewater has been widely researched under laboratory conditions as per its potential to couple treatment with biomass production. Currently, only a limited number of published articles consider outdoor and long-term microalgae-bacteria cultivations in real wastewater environmental systems. The scope of this work is to describe microalgal cultivation steps towards high-rate algal pond (HRAP) scalability and identify key parameters that play a major role for biomass productivity under outdoor conditions and long-term cultivations. Reviewed pilot-scale HRAP literature is analysed using multivariate analysis to highlight key productivity parameters within environmental and operational factors. Wastewater treatment analysis indicated that HRAP can effectively remove 90% of NH4+, 70% of COD, and 50% of PO43-. Mean reference values of 210 W m-2 for irradiation, 18 °C for temperature, pH of 8.2, and HRT of 7.7 are derived from pilot-scale cultivations. Microalgae biomass productivity at a large scale is governed by solar radiation and NH4+ concentration, which are more important than retention time variations within investigated studies. Hence, selecting the correct type of location and a minimum of 70 mg L-1 of NH4+ in wastewater will have the greatest effect in microalgae productivity. A high nutrient wastewater content increases final biomass concentrations but not necessarily biomass productivity. Pilot-scale growth rates (~ 0.54 day-1) are half those observed in lab experiments, indicating a scaling-up bottleneck. Microalgae cultivation in wastewater enables a circular bioeconomy framework by unlocking microalgal biomass for the delivery of an array of products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaura Yáñez-Noguez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Alcaldía Coyoacán, México
| | - Ignacio Monje Ramírez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Alcaldía Coyoacán, México
| | - María Teresa Orta Ledesma
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Alcaldía Coyoacán, México
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Li L, Chai W, Sun C, Huang L, Sheng T, Song Z, Ma F. Role of microalgae-bacterial consortium in wastewater treatment: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 360:121226. [PMID: 38795468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
In the global effort to reduce CO2 emissions, the concurrent enhancement of pollutant degradation and reductions in fossil fuel consumption are pivotal aspects of microalgae-mediated wastewater treatment. Clarifying the degradation mechanisms of bacteria and microalgae during pollutant treatment, as well as regulatory biolipid production, could enhance process sustainability. The synergistic and inhibitory relationships between microalgae and bacteria are introduced in this paper. The different stimulators that can regulate microalgal biolipid accumulation are also reviewed. Wastewater treatment technologies that utilize microalgae and bacteria in laboratories and open ponds are described to outline their application in treating heavy metal-containing wastewater, animal husbandry wastewater, pharmaceutical wastewater, and textile dye wastewater. Finally, the major requirements to scale up the cascade utilization of biomass and energy recovery are summarized to improve the development of biological wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Li
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150022, China.
| | - Wei Chai
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150022, China
| | - Caiyu Sun
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150022, China
| | - Linlin Huang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150022, China
| | - Tao Sheng
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150022, China
| | - Zhiwei Song
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150022, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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Gorzelnik SA, Zhu X, Angelidaki I, Koski M, Valverde-Pérez B. Daphnia magna as biological harvesters for green microalgae grown on recirculated aquaculture system effluents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162247. [PMID: 36791858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The sustainability of recycling aquaculture systems (RAS) is challenged by nutrient discharges, which cause water eutrophication. Efficient treatments for RAS effluents are needed to mitigate its environmental impacts. Microalgae assimilate nutrients and dissolved carbon into microbial biomass with value as feed or food ingredient. However, they are difficult to harvest efficiently. Daphnia magna is an efficient filter feeder that grazes on microalgae at high rates and serves as valuable fish feed. Combining nutrient removal by microalgae and biomass harvesting by D. magna could be a cost-effective solution for wastewater valorization. Nutrient removal from unsterilized aquaculture wastewater was evaluated using the microalgae species Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus dimorphus, and Haematococcus pluvialis. The first two algae were subsequently harvested using D. magna as a grazer, while H. pluvialis failed to grow stably. All phosphorus was removed, while only 50-70 % nitrogen was recovered, indicating phosphorus limitation. Shortening the hydraulic retention time (HRT) or phosphorus dosing resulted in increased nitrogen removal. C. vulgaris cultivation was unstable at 3 days HRT or when supplied with extra phosphorus at 5 days HRT. D. magna grew on produced algae accumulating protein at 20-30 % of dry weight, with an amino acid profile favorable for use as high value fish feed. Thus, this study demonstrates the application of a two steps multitrophic process to assimilate residual nutrients into live feeds suitable for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley A Gorzelnik
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Søltofts Plads 228A, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Søltofts Plads 228A, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marja Koski
- National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Kemitorvet 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Borja Valverde-Pérez
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Takabe Y, Nitta Y, Shingu I, Hino Y, Horino T, Noguchi M. Effects of fluidised carriers on the community composition, settleability and energy production of indigenous microalgal consortia cultivated in treated wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 381:129133. [PMID: 37156282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluidised-bed systems are a promising approach to microalgal cultivation, but few studies have considered their application to indigenous microalgal consortia (IMCs), which have high adaptability to wastewater. In this study, IMCs were cultivated in treated wastewater with and without fluidised carriers, and the effects of operating parameters were considered. Microalgae in the culture were confirmed to originate from the carriers, and the IMC presence on the carriers was promoted by decreasing the carrier replacement number and increasing the culture replacement volume. The presence of carriers enabled greater nutrient removal from the treated wastewater by the cultivated IMCs. Without carriers, IMCs in the culture were scattered and showed poor settleability. With carriers, IMCs in the culture exhibited good settleability owing to floc formation. The improved settleability with carriers also increased the energy production from sedimented IMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Takabe
- Department of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 6808552, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Nitta
- Department of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 6808552, Japan
| | - Itsuki Shingu
- Department of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 6808552, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Hino
- Department of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 6808552, Japan
| | - Taro Horino
- Water Reclamation Technology Department, R&D Center, Business Strategy Division, METAWATER Co., Ltd., JR Kanda Manseibashi Bldg. 1-25, Kanda-sudacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 1010041, Japan
| | - Motoharu Noguchi
- Water Reclamation Technology Department, R&D Center, Business Strategy Division, METAWATER Co., Ltd., JR Kanda Manseibashi Bldg. 1-25, Kanda-sudacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 1010041, Japan
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5
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Clagnan E, Dell'Orto M, Štěrbová K, Grivalský T, Artur Câmara Manoel J, Masojídek J, D'Imporzano G, Gabriel Acién-Fernández F, Adani F. Impact of photobioreactor design on microalgae-bacteria communities grown on wastewater: Differences between thin-layer cascade and thin-layer raceway ponds. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 374:128781. [PMID: 36828223 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thin-layer (TL) photobioreactors (PBRs) are characterised by high productivity. However, their use is limited to lab/pilot-scale, and a deeper level of characterisation is needed to reach industrial scale and test the resistance of multiple microalgae. Here, the performance and composition of eight microalgal communities cultivated in the two main TLs design (thin-layer cascade (TLC) and thin-layer raceway pond (RW)) were investigated through Illumina sequencing. Chlorella vulgaris showed robustness in both designs and often acted as an "invasive" species. Inoculum and reactor type brought variability. Eukaryotic microalgae inocula led to a more robust and stable community (higher similarity), however, RWs were characterised by a higher variability and did not favour the eukaryotic microalgae. The only cyanobacterial inoculum, Nostoc piscinale, was maintained, however the community was variable between designs. The reactor design had an effect on the N cycle with the TLC and RW configurations, enhancing nitrification and denitrification respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Clagnan
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Italy.
| | - Marta Dell'Orto
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Italy
| | - Karolína Štěrbová
- Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology CAS, Novohradská 237, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Grivalský
- Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology CAS, Novohradská 237, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - João Artur Câmara Manoel
- Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology CAS, Novohradská 237, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Masojídek
- Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology CAS, Novohradská 237, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Giuliana D'Imporzano
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Italy
| | - Francisco Gabriel Acién-Fernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, University of Almeria, Cañada San Urbano, s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Italy
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6
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Oliveira CYB, Jacob A, Nader C, Oliveira CDL, Matos ÂP, Araújo ES, Shabnam N, Ashok B, Gálvez AO. An overview on microalgae as renewable resources for meeting sustainable development goals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115897. [PMID: 35947909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The increased demands and dependence on depleted oil reserves, accompanied by global warming and climate change have driven the world to explore and develop new strategies for global sustainable development. Among sustainable biomass sources, microalgae represent a promising alternative to fossil fuel and can contribute to the achievement of important Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This article has reviewed the various applications of microalgal biomass that includes (i) the use in aquaculture and its sustainability; (ii) commercial value and emerging extraction strategies of carotenoids; (iii) biofuels from microalgae and their application in internal combustion engines; (iv) the use and reuse of water in microalgae cultivation; and (v) microalgae biotechnology as a key factor to assist SDGs. The future prospects and challenges on the microalgae circular bio economy, issues with regard to the scale-up and water demand in microalgae cultivation are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Yure B Oliveira
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Ashwin Jacob
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Camila Nader
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cicero Diogo L Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Ângelo P Matos
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Evando S Araújo
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Aplicações de Eletrofiação e Nanotecnologia (GPEA-Nano), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Juazeiro, Brazil
| | - Nisha Shabnam
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Czech Republic
| | - Bragadeshwaran Ashok
- Division of Thermal and Automotive, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Alfredo O Gálvez
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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7
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Mahapatra S, Samal K, Dash RR. Waste Stabilization Pond (WSP) for wastewater treatment: A review on factors, modelling and cost analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 308:114668. [PMID: 35152038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Waste stabilization pond (WSP) is natural technology which can be installed in centralized or semi-centralized sewerage systems for treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater, septage and sludge, etc. WSPs are highly efficient, simple to construct, low cost and easy to operate. It can be used as secondary or tertiary treatment unit in a treatment plant either individually or in a coupling manner. The algal-bacterial symbiosis in WSP makes it completely natural treatment process for which it becomes economic as compared to other treatment technologies in terms of its maintenance cost and energy requirement. Effluent from WSP can also be used for agricultural purpose, gardening, watering road, vehicle wash, etc. Advance technologies are being integrated for better design and efficiency of WSP, but the main challenges are the separation and removal of algal species which lead to deterioration of the water if stays long. Research is necessary to maximize algal growth yield, selection of beneficial strain and optimizing harvesting methods. This review focuses on the treatment mechanism in the pond, affecting factors, types of ponds, design equation, cost analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswat Mahapatra
- School of Civil Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar, 751 024, Odisha, India
| | - Kundan Samal
- School of Civil Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar, 751 024, Odisha, India.
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8
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Zhu F, Chen X, Cui Y, Hu X, Qian J, Wang F, Kubar AA, Xu L, Huo S. Weak magnetic field intervention on outdoor production of oil-rich filamentous microalgae: Influence of seasonal changes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 348:126707. [PMID: 35033643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The weak magnetic field (MF) intervention on the semi-continuous system of filamentous algae Tribonema sp. during outdoor cultivation was investigated using starch wastewater. Results show that except for winter, MF in other seasons can effectively improve the algal biomass yield and oil productivity. In summer, the biomass concentration and oil productivity of Tribonema sp. could reach up to 14.7 g/L and 0.216 g/(L d) (130 mT), which increased by 9.8% and 35.8% respectively compared with the control group without MF intervention. By continuously shortening HRT to increase the nutrient load, the removal rate of COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus all reached more than 87.9%. MF intervention not only weakened the bacterial diversity in open-photobioreactors system but also proved to be beneficial to the establishment of bacteria-algae symbiotic system. As a non-transgenic method, MF effectively up-regulated the growth of filamentous microalgae and promoted the biosynthesis productivity of high value-added compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China|
| | - Xiu Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yi Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xinjuan Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jingya Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ameer Ali Kubar
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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9
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Aparicio S, Robles Á, Ferrer J, Seco A, Borrás Falomir L. Assessing and modeling nitrite inhibition in microalgae-bacteria consortia for wastewater treatment by means of photo-respirometric and chlorophyll fluorescence techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152128. [PMID: 34863736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Total nitrite (TNO2 = HNO2 + NO-2) accumulation due to the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was monitored in microalgae-bacteria consortia, and the inhibitory effect of nitrite/free nitrous acid (NO2-N/FNA) on microalgae photosynthesis and inhibition mechanism was studied. A culture of Scenedesmus was used to run two sets of batch reactors at different pH and TNO2 concentrations to evaluate the toxic potential of NO2-N and FNA. Photo-respirometric tests showed that NO2-N accumulation has a negative impact on net oxygen production rate (OPRNET). Chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis was used to examine the biochemical effects of NO2-N stress and the mechanism of NO2-N inhibition. The electron transport rate (ETR), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and JIP-test revealed that the electron transport chain between Photosystems II and I (PS II and PS I) was hindered at NO2-N concentrations above 25 g N m-3. Electron acceptor QA was not able to reoxidize and could not transfer electrons to the next electron acceptor, QB, accumulating P680+ (excited PS II reaction center) and limiting oxygen production. A semi-continuous reactor containing a Scenedesmus culture was monitored by photo-respirometry tests and Chlorophyll a fluorescence to calibrate NO2-N inhibition (5-35 g N m-3). Non-competitive inhibition and Hill-type models were compared to select the best-fitting inhibition equations. Inhibition was correctly modeled by the Hill-type model and a half inhibition constant (KI) for OPRNET, NPQ, maximum photosynthetic rate (ETRMAX) and the performance index PIABS was 23.7 ± 1.2, 26.36 ± 1.10, 39 ± 2 and 26.5 ± 0.4, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Aparicio
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Ángel Robles
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - José Ferrer
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - Aurora Seco
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Luis Borrás Falomir
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
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A Review on the Reliability and the Readiness Level of Microalgae-Based Nutrient Recovery Technologies for Secondary Treated Effluent in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Algae-based wastewater treatment technologies are promising green technologies with huge economical potential and environmental co-benefits. However, despite the immense research, work, and achievement, no publications were found wherein these technologies have been successfully applied in an operational environment for nitrogen and phosphorus removal of secondary treated effluent in municipal wastewater treatment plants. Based on a literature review and targeted comprehensive analysis, the paper seeks to identify the main reasons for this. The reliability (considering inlet wastewater quality variations, operating conditions and process control, algae harvesting method, and produced biomass) as well as the technology readiness level for five types of reactors are discussed. The review shows that the reactors with a higher level of control over the technological parameters are more reliable but algal post-treatment harvesting and additional costs are barriers for their deployment. The least reliable systems continue to be attractive for research due to the non-complex operation and relieved expenditure costs. The rotating biofilm systems are currently undertaking serious development due to their promising features. Among the remaining research gaps and challenges for all the reactor types are the identification of the optimal algal strains, establishment of technological parameters, overcoming seasonal variations in the effluent’s quality, and biomass harvesting.
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11
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Comprehensive assessment of the microalgae-nitrifying bacteria competition in microalgae-based wastewater treatment systems: Relevant factors, evaluation methods and control strategies. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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A Review about Microalgae Wastewater Treatment for Bioremediation and Biomass Production—A New Challenge for Europe. ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8120136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have received much attention in the last few years. Their use is being extended to different fields of application and technologies, such as food, animal feed, and production of valuable polymers. Additionally, there is interest in using microalgae for removal of nutrients from wastewater. Wastewater treatment with microalgae allows for a reduction in the main chemicals responsible for eutrophication (nitrogen and phosphate), the reduction of organic substrates (by decreasing parameters such as BOD and COD) and the removal of other substances such as heavy metals and pharmaceuticals. By selecting and reviewing 202 articles published in Scopus between 1992 and 2020, some aspects such as the feasibility of microalgae cultivation on wastewater and potential bioremediation have been investigated and evaluated. In this review, particular emphasis was placed on the different types of wastewaters on which the growth of microalgae is possible, the achievable bioremediation and the factors that make large-scale microalgae treatment feasible. The results indicated that the microalgae are able to grow on wastewater and carry out effective bioremediation. Furthermore, single-step treatment with mixotrophic microalgae could represent a valid alternative to conventional processes. The main bottlenecks are the large-scale feasibility and costs associated with biomass harvesting.
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13
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Collao J, Morales-Amaral MDM, Acién-Fernández FG, Bolado-Rodríguez S, Fernandez-Gonzalez N. Effect of operational parameters, environmental conditions, and biotic interactions on bacterial communities present in urban wastewater treatment photobioreactors. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131271. [PMID: 34182290 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of water depth, operational and environmental conditions on bacterial communities were analyzed in microalgal-bacterial outdoor photobioreactors treating urban wastewaters from March to August 2014. Three raceway photobioreactors inoculated with Scenedesmus sp. and with different water depths (20, 12, and 5 cm) were used at different dilution rates (0.15, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 d-1). A thin-layer reactor with 2 cm water depth and operated at 0.3 d-1 was used as a control. The results showed that biomass productivity increased as water depth decreased. The highest biomass productivity was 0.196 gL-1d-1, 0.245 gL-1d-1, and 0.457 gL-1d-1 for 20, 12, and 5 cm depth raceway photobioreactors, respectively. These values were lower than the maximum productivity registered in the control reactor (1.59 gL-1d-1). Bacterial communities, analyzed by high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing, were not affected by water depth. A decrease in community evenness was related to a decrease in nutrient removal. Hetetrotrophs and phototrophs, mainly from the family Rhodobacteraceae, dominated bacterial diversity. The community changed due to increasing temperatures, irradiance, and organic carbon, ammonia, and phosphate contents in the photobioreactor-influent as well as, microalgae inhibition and higher organic carbon in the effluent. The photobioreactors shared a core-biome that contained five clusters of co-occurring microorganisms. The bacteria from the different clusters were taxonomically and ecologically different but functionally redundant. Overall, the drivers of the community changes could be related to abiotic variables and complex biological interactions, likely mediated by microalgae excretion of organic substances and the microorganisms' competence for substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Collao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Silvia Bolado-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Nuria Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
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Zhang Y, Wu L, Deng L, Ouyang B. Retrieval of water quality parameters from hyperspectral images using a hybrid feedback deep factorization machine model. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 204:117618. [PMID: 34508952 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental protection of water resources is of critical importance to daily life of human beings. In recent years, monitoring the variation of water quality using remote sensing techniques has become prevalent. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based remote sensing techniques have been applied to quantitative retrieval of concentrations of water quality parameters including phosphorus, nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chlorophyll a (Chl-a), successfully and efficiently. In this study, a novel method with deep factorization machine, spatial distribution pattern analysis, and probabilistic analysis engaged, named hybrid feedback deep factorization machine (HF-DFM), has been developed to quantitatively estimate concentrations of water quality parameters based on hyperspectral reflectance data on large scale effectively. Our proposed method is a unified model for quantifying concentrations of water quality parameters with an end to end structure, which integrates UAV based optical remote sensing techniques and deep learning to estimate concentrations of water quality parameters. Furthermore, our proposed model was applied to real-time quantitative monitoring the variation of water quality of Mazhou River, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. Finally, we evaluate the performance of proposed model on a real-world dataset in terms of root of mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percent error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination (R2). The experimental results show that our proposed model outperforms other state-of-the-art models with respect to RMSE, MAPE, and R2, where resulting MAPEs for quantifying all water quality parameters range from 8.78% to 12.36%, and resulting R2s range from 0.81 to 0.93. It can serve as a useful tool for decision makers in effectively monitoring water quality of urban rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Zhang
- Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lun Wu
- Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Licui Deng
- Shenzhen Huahan Technology Company, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Shenzhen Huahan Technology Company, Shenzhen 518057, China
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15
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Krichen E, Rapaport A, Le Floc'h E, Fouilland E. A new kinetics model to predict the growth of micro-algae subjected to fluctuating availability of light. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Growth and bioactivity of two chlorophyte (Chlorella and Scenedesmus) strains co-cultured outdoors in two different thin-layer units using municipal wastewater as a nutrient source. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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17
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Torres-Franco AF, Zuluaga M, Hernández-Roldán D, Leroy-Freitas D, Sepúlveda-Muñoz CA, Blanco S, Mota CR, Muñoz R. Assessment of the performance of an anoxic-aerobic microalgal-bacterial system treating digestate. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129437. [PMID: 33429236 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The performance of an anoxic-aerobic microalgal-bacterial system treating synthetic food waste digestate at 10 days of hydraulic retention time via nitrification-denitrification under increasing digestate concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100% (v/v) was assessed during Stages I, II and III, respectively. The system supported adequate treatment without external CO2 supplementation since sufficient inorganic carbon in the digestate was available for autotrophic growth. High steady-state Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Total Nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies of 85-96% and 73-84% were achieved in Stages I and II. Similarly, PO43--P removals of 81 ± 15% and 58 ± 4% were recorded during these stages. During Stage III, the average influent concentrations of 815 ± 35 mg TOC·L-1, 610 ± 23 mg TN·L-1, and 46 ± 11 mg PO43--P·L-1 induced O2 limiting conditions, resulting in TOC, TN and PO43--P removals of 85 ± 3%, 73 ± 3%, and 28 ± 16%, respectively. Digestate concentrations of 25% and 50% favored nitrification-denitrification mechanisms, whereas the treatment of undiluted digestate resulted in higher ammonia volatilization and hampered nitrification-denitrification. In Stages I and II, the microalgal community was dominated by Chlorella vulgaris and Cryptomonas sp., whereas Pseudoanabaena sp. was more abundant during Stage III. Illumina sequencing revealed the presence of carbon and nitrogen transforming bacteria, with dominances of the genera Gemmata, Azospirillum, and Psychrobacter during Stage I, II, and III, respectively. Finally, the high settleability of the biomass (98% of suspended solids removal in the settler) and average C (42%), N (7%), P (0.2%), and S (0.4%) contents recovered in the biomass confirmed its potential for agricultural applications, contributing to a closed-cycle management of food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F Torres-Franco
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n., 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-010, Brazil
| | - Maribel Zuluaga
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n., 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Faculty of Environmental Engineering UPAEP University, Puebla, 21 Sur 1103, Barrio de Santiago, 72410, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Diana Hernández-Roldán
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n., 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Faculty of Environmental Engineering UPAEP University, Puebla, 21 Sur 1103, Barrio de Santiago, 72410, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Deborah Leroy-Freitas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n., 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-010, Brazil
| | - Cristian A Sepúlveda-Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n., 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Saúl Blanco
- University of León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain; Laboratory of Diatomology, Institute of Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity, La Serna 58, 24007, León, Spain
| | - César R Mota
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-010, Brazil
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n., 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
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18
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Ranglová K, Lakatos GE, Câmara Manoel JA, Grivalský T, Suárez Estrella F, Acién Fernández FG, Molnár Z, Ördög V, Masojídek J. Growth, biostimulant and biopesticide activity of the MACC-1 Chlorella strain cultivated outdoors in inorganic medium and wastewater. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Kumar A. Current and Future Perspective of Microalgae for Simultaneous Wastewater Treatment and Feedstock for Biofuels Production. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-020-00221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Wágner DS, Cazzaniga C, Steidl M, Dechesne A, Valverde-Pérez B, Plósz BG. Optimal influent N-to-P ratio for stable microalgal cultivation in water treatment and nutrient recovery. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127939. [PMID: 33182115 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Species specific nitrogen-to-phosphorus molar ratio (NPR) has been suggested for green microalgae. Algae can store nitrogen and phosphorus, suggesting that the optimum feed concentration dynamically changes as function of the nutrient storage. We assessed the effect of varying influent NPR on microalgal cultivation in terms of microbial community stability, effluent quality and biokinetics. Mixed green microalgae (Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus sp.) and a monoculture of Chlorella sp. were cultivated in continuous laboratory-scale reactors treating used water. An innovative image analysis tool, developed in this study, was used to track microbial community changes. Diatoms proliferated as influent NPR decreased, and were outcompeted once cultivation conditions were restored to the optimal NPR range. Low NPR operation resulted in decrease in phosphorus removal, biomass concentration and effluent nitrogen concentration. ASM-A kinetic model simulation results agreed well with operational data in the absence of diatoms. The failure to predict operational data in the presence of diatoms suggest differences in microbial activity that can significantly influence nutrient recovery in photobioreactors (PBR). No contamination occurred during Chlorella sp. monoculture cultivation with varying NPRs. Low NPR operation resulted in decrease in biomass concentration, effluent nitrogen concentration and nitrogen quota. The ASM-A model was calibrated for the monoculture and the simulations could predict the experimental data in continuous operation using a single parameter subset, suggesting stable biokinetics under the different NPR conditions. Results show that controlling the influent NPR is effective to maintain the algal community composition in PBR, thereby ensuring effective nutrients uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya S Wágner
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Clarissa Cazzaniga
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Steidl
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arnaud Dechesne
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Borja Valverde-Pérez
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Benedek Gy Plósz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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21
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Jiménez-Bambague EM, Madera-Parra CA, Ortiz-Escobar AC, Morales-Acosta PA, Peña-Salamanca EJ, Machuca-Martínez F. High-rate algal pond for removal of pharmaceutical compounds from urban domestic wastewater under tropical conditions. Case study: Santiago de Cali, Colombia. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:1031-1043. [PMID: 33055394 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the capacity of a pilot-scale high-rate algal pond (HRAP) to remove pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) from domestic wastewater in the city of Santiago de Cali, Colombia. The compounds analyzed included antiepileptics, hypolipidemic drugs, tranquilizers and analgesics, and anti-inflammatory drugs. The HRAP operated under a continuous water flow of 0.2 m3d-1 and a 3-day hydraulic retention time (HRT). Removal efficiencies were high (>70%) for fenofibric acid, ibuprofen, and paracetamol; medium (30-70%) for gabapentin, lamotrigine, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, diclofenac, ketoprofen, naproxen, and pentoxifylline; and low (<30%) for carbamazepine and its metabolite 10,11-Dihidro-10,11-dihidroxicarbamazepine (CBZ-Diol). The findings herein are similar to other studies, but were obtained with a shorter HRT. These results show that tropical environmental conditions favor photodegradation and contribute to the development of microalgae and the biodegradation process. Twenty microalgae species were identified, with the phylum Chlorophyta as the most abundant, particularly due to its natural introduction. The removal of the PCs also reflected a percentage reduction (>50%) in the ecological hazard posed by most of the compounds, although it is important to note that the hazard from gemfibrozil and ibuprofen remained high even after treatment, indicating the need for complementary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos A Madera-Parra
- Escuela EIDENAR-Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia E-mail:
| | - Aura C Ortiz-Escobar
- Escuela EIDENAR-Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia E-mail:
| | - Paola A Morales-Acosta
- Escuela de Ciencias Básicas-Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Enrique J Peña-Salamanca
- Escuela de Ciencias Básicas-Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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22
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23
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Robles Á, Capson-Tojo G, Galès A, Ruano MV, Sialve B, Ferrer J, Steyer JP. Microalgae-bacteria consortia in high-rate ponds for treating urban wastewater: Elucidating the key state indicators under dynamic conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 261:110244. [PMID: 32148311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
On-line performance indicators of a microalgae-bacteria consortium were screened out from different variables based on pH and dissolved oxygen on-line measurements via multivariate projection analysis, aiming at finding on-line key state indicators to easily monitor the process. To fulfil this objective, a pilot-scale high-rate pond for urban wastewater treatment was evaluated under highly variable conditions, i.e. during the start-up period. The system was started-up without seed of either bacterial or microalgal biomass. It took around 19 days to fully develop a microalgal community assimilating nutrients significantly. Slight increases in the biomass productivities in days 26-30 suggest that the minimum time for establishing a performant bacteria-microalgae consortium could be of around one month for non-inoculated systems. At this point, the process was fully functional, meeting the European discharge limits for protected areas. The results of the statistical analyses show that both the pH and the dissolved oxygen concentration represent accurately the biochemical processes taking place under the start-up of the process. Both pH and dissolved oxygen represented accurately also the performance of the high-rate algal pond, being affordable, easily-implemented, options for monitoring, control and optimization of industrial-scale processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Robles
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior D'Enginyeria, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Capson-Tojo
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Amandine Galès
- LBE, Univ. Montpellier, INRA, 102 avenue des Etangs, 11100, Narbonne, France
| | - María Victoria Ruano
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior D'Enginyeria, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bruno Sialve
- LBE, Univ. Montpellier, INRA, 102 avenue des Etangs, 11100, Narbonne, France
| | - José Ferrer
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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24
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Improved microalgal productivity and nutrient removal through operating wastewater high rate algal ponds in series. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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González-Camejo J, Montero P, Aparicio S, Ruano MV, Borrás L, Seco A, Barat R. Nitrite inhibition of microalgae induced by the competition between microalgae and nitrifying bacteria. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115499. [PMID: 31978839 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Outdoor microalgae cultivation systems treating anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) effluents usually present ammonium oxidising bacteria (AOB) competition with microalgae for ammonium uptake, which can cause nitrite accumulation. In literature, nitrite effects over microalgae have shown controversial results. The present study evaluates the nitrite inhibition role in a microalgae-nitrifying bacteria culture. For this purpose, pilot- and lab-scale assays were carried out. During the continuous outdoor operation of the membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) plant, biomass retention time (BRT) of 2 d favoured AOB activity, which caused nitrite accumulation. This nitrite was confirmed to inhibit microalgae performance. Specifically, continuous 5-d lab-scale assays showed a reduction in the nitrogen recovery efficiency by 32, 42 and 80% when nitrite concentration in the culture accounted for 5, 10 and 20 mg N·L-1, respectively. On the contrary, short 30-min exposure to nitrite showed no significant differences in the photosynthetic activity of microalgae under nitrite concentrations of 0, 5, 10 and 20 mg N·L-1. On the other hand, when the MPBR plant was operated at 2.5-d BRT, the nitrite concentration was reduced to negligible values due to increasing activity of microalgae and nitrite oxidising bacteria (NOB). This allowed obtaining maximum MPBR performance; i.e. nitrogen recovery rate (NRR) and biomass productivity of 19.7 ± 3.3 mg N·L-1·d-1 and 139 ± 35 mg VSS·L-1·d-1, respectively; while nitrification rate (NOxR) reached the lowest value (13.5 ± 3.4 mg N·L-1·d-1). Long BRT of 4.5 d favoured NOB growth, avoiding nitrite inhibition. However, it implied a decrease in microalgae growth and the accumulation of nitrate in the MPBR effluent. Hence, it seems that optimum BRT has to be within the range 2-4.5 d in order to favour microalgae growth with respect to AOB and NOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- J González-Camejo
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - P Montero
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Aparicio
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - M V Ruano
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Borrás
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Seco
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Barat
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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26
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González-Camejo J, Aparicio S, Jiménez-Benítez A, Pachés M, Ruano MV, Borrás L, Barat R, Seco A. Improving membrane photobioreactor performance by reducing light path: operating conditions and key performance indicators. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115518. [PMID: 31991292 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation has been receiving increasing interest in wastewater remediation due to their ability to assimilate nutrients present in wastewater streams. In this respect, cultivating microalgae in membrane photobioreactors (MPBRs) allows decoupling the solid retention time (SRT) from the hydraulic retention time (HRT), which enables to increase the nutrient load to the photobioreactors (PBRs) while avoiding the wash out of the microalgae biomass. The reduction of the PBR light path from 25 to 10 cm increased the nitrogen and phosphorus recovery rates, microalgae biomass productivity and photosynthetic efficiency by 150, 103, 194 and 67%, respectively.The areal biomass productivity (aBP) also increased when the light path was reduced, reflecting the better use of light in the 10-cm MPBR plant. The capital and operating operational expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX) of the 10-cm MPBR plant were also reduced by 27 and 49%, respectively. Discharge limits were met when the 10-cm MPBR plant was operated at SRTs of 3-4.5 d and HRTs of 1.25-1.5 d. At these SRT/HRT ranges, the process could be operated without a high fouling propensity with gross permeate flux (J20) of 15 LMH and specific gas demand (SGDp) between 16 and 20 Nm3air·m-3permeate, which highlights the potential of membrane filtration in MPBRs. When the continuous operation of the MPBR plant was evaluated, an optical density of 680 nm (OD680) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) were found to be good indicators of microalgae cell and algal organic matter (AOM) concentrations, while dissolved oxygen appeared to be directly related to MPBR performance. Nitrite and nitrate (NOx) concentration and the soluble chemical oxygen demand:volatile suspended solids ratio (sCOD:VSS) were used as indicators of nitrifying bacteria activity and the stress on the culture, respectively. These parameters were inversely related to nitrogen recovery rates and biomass productivity and could thus help to prevent possible culture deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J González-Camejo
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - S Aparicio
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Jiménez-Benítez
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Pachés
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M V Ruano
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Borrás
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Barat
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Seco
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Robles Á, Capson-Tojo G, Gales A, Viruela A, Sialve B, Seco A, Steyer JP, Ferrer J. Performance of a membrane-coupled high-rate algal pond for urban wastewater treatment at demonstration scale. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 301:122672. [PMID: 31945681 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of an outdoor membrane-coupled high-rate algal pond equipped with industrial-scale membranes for treating urban wastewater. Decoupling biomass retention time (BRT) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) by membrane filtration resulted in improved process efficiencies, with higher biomass productivities and nutrient removal rates when operating at low HRTs. At 6 days of BRT, biomass productivity increased from 30 to 66 and to 95 g·m-3·d-1 when operating at HRTs of 6, 4 and 2.5 days, respectively. The corresponding nitrogen removal rates were 4, 8 and 11 g N·m-3·d-1 and the phosphorous removal rates were 0.5, 1.3 and 1.6 g P·m-3·d-1. The system was operated keeping moderate specific air demands (0.25 m3·m-2·h-1), resulting in reasonable operating and maintenance costs (€0.04 per m3) and energy requirements (0.29 kWh per m3). The produced water was free of pathogens and could be directly used for reusing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Robles
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Capson-Tojo
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Amandine Gales
- LBE, Univ. Montpellier, INRA, 102 avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Alexandre Viruela
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Bruno Sialve
- LBE, Univ. Montpellier, INRA, 102 avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Aurora Seco
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - José Ferrer
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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González-Camejo J, Barat R, Aguado D, Ferrer J. Continuous 3-year outdoor operation of a flat-panel membrane photobioreactor to treat effluent from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 169:115238. [PMID: 31707179 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) plant was operated continuously for 3 years to evaluate the separate effects of different factors, including: biomass and hydraulic retention times (BRT, HRT), light path (Lp), nitrification rate (NOxR), nutrient loading rates (NLR, PLR) and others. The overall effect of all these parameters which influence MPBR performance had not previously been assessed. The multivariate projection approach chosen for this study provided a good description of the collected data and facilitated their visualisation and interpretation. Forty variables used to control and assess MPBR performance were evaluated during three years of continuous outdoor operation by means of principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The PCA identified the photobioreactor (PBR) light path as the factor with the largest influence on data variability. Other important factors were: nitrogen and phosphorus recovery rates (NRR, PRR), biomass productivity (BP), optical density of 680 nm (OD680), ammonium and phosphorus effluent concentration (NH4, P), HRT, BRT, air flow rate (Fair) and nitrogen and phosphorus loading rates (NLR and PLR). The MPBR performance could be adequately estimated by a PLS model based on all the recorded variables, but this estimation worsened appreciably when only the controlled variables (Lp, Fair, HRT and BRT) were used as predictors, which underlines the importance of the non-controlled variables on MPBR performance. The microalgae cultivation process could thus only be partially controlled by the design and operating variables. A high nitrification rate was found to be inadvisable, since it showed an inverse correlation with NRR. In this respect, temperature and microalgae biomass concentration appeared to be the main factors to mitigate nitrifying bacteria activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J González-Camejo
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient, IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - R Barat
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient, IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - D Aguado
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient, IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Ferrer
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient, IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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29
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Krichen E, Rapaport A, Le Floc'h E, Fouilland E. Demonstration of facilitation between microalgae to face environmental stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16076. [PMID: 31690754 PMCID: PMC6831635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive interactions such as facilitation play an important role during the biological colonization and species succession in harsh or changing environments. However, the direct evidence of such ecological interaction in microbial communities remains rare. Using common freshwater microalgae isolated from a High Rate Algal Pond HRAP treating wastewaters, we investigated with both experimental and modeling approaches the direct facilitation between two algal strains during the colonization phase. Our results demonstrate that the first colonization by microalgae under a severe chemical condition arose from the rapid growth of pioneer species such as Chlorella sorokiniana, which facilitated the subsequent colonization of low growth specialists such as Scenedesmus pectinatus. The pioneer species rapidly depleted the total available ammonia nitrogen favoring the specialist species initially inhibited by free ammonia toxicity. This latter species ultimately dominated the algal community through competitive exclusion under low nutrient conditions. We show that microbial successions are not only regulated by climatic conditions but also by interactions between species based on the ability to modify their growth conditions. We suggest that facilitation within the aquatic microbial communities is a widespread ecological interaction under a vast range of environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Krichen
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Sète, France
- MISTEA, Univ. Montpellier, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- ADEME, Agence de l'environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie, 20 avenue du Grésillé, BP 90406, 49004, Angers, Cedex 01, France
| | - Alain Rapaport
- MISTEA, Univ. Montpellier, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Eric Fouilland
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Sète, France.
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