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Visca A, Di Gregorio L, Clagnan E, Bevivino A. Sustainable strategies: Nature-based solutions to tackle antibiotic resistance gene proliferation and improve agricultural productivity and soil quality. Environ Res 2024; 248:118395. [PMID: 38307185 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The issue of antibiotic resistance is now recognized by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as one of the major problems in human health. Although its effects are evident in the healthcare settings, the root cause should be traced back to the One Health link, extending from animals to the environment. In fact, the use of organic fertilizers in agroecosystems represents one, if not the primary, cause of the introduction of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria into the soil. Since the concentrations of antibiotics introduced into the soil are residual, the agroecosystem has become a perfect environment for the selection and proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The continuous influx of these emerging contaminants (i.e., antibiotics) into the agroecosystem results in the selection and accumulation of ARGs in soil bacteria, occasionally giving rise to multi-resistant bacteria. These bacteria may harbour ARGs related to various antibiotics on their plasmids. In this context, these bacteria can potentially enter the human sphere when individuals consume food from contaminated agroecosystems, leading to the acquisition of multi-resistant bacteria. Once introduced into the nosocomial environment, these bacteria pose a significant threat to human health. In this review, we analyse how the use of digestate as an organic fertilizer can mitigate the spread of ARGs in agroecosystems. Furthermore, we highlight how, according to European guidelines, digestate can be considered a Nature-Based Solution (NBS). This NBS not only has the ability to mitigate the spread of ARGs in agroecosystems but also offers the opportunity to further improve Microbial-Based Solutions (MBS), with the aim of enhancing soil quality and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Visca
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnologies and Agroindustry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luciana Di Gregorio
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnologies and Agroindustry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Clagnan
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnologies and Agroindustry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Bevivino
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnologies and Agroindustry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
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2
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Clagnan E, Petrini S, Pioli S, Piergiacomo F, Chowdhury AA, Brusetti L, Foladori P. Conventional activated sludge vs. photo-sequencing batch reactor for enhanced nitrogen removal in municipal wastewater: Microalgal-bacterial consortium and pathogenic load insights. Bioresour Technol 2024; 401:130735. [PMID: 38670293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater treatment plants are mostly based on traditional activated sludge (AS) processes. These systems are characterised by major drawbacks: high energy consumption, large amount of excess sludge and high greenhouse gases emissions. Treatment through microalgal-bacterial consortia (MBC) is an alternative and promising solution thanks to lower energy consumption and emissions, biomass production and water sanitation. Here, microbial difference between a traditional anaerobic sludge (AS) and a consortium-based system (photo-sequencing batch reactor (PSBR)) with the same wastewater inlet were characterised through shotgun metagenomics. Stable nitrification was achieved in the PSBR ensuring ammonium removal > 95 % and significant total nitrogen removal thanks to larger flocs enhancing denitrification. The new system showed enhanced pathogen removal, a higher abundance of photosynthetic and denitrifying microorganisms with a reduced emissions potential identifying this novel PSBR as an effective alternative to AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Clagnan
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Department for Sustainability, Biotechnologies and Agroindustry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301 00123 Rome, Italy; Gruppo Ricicla Labs, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Petrini
- University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Via Mesiano 77 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Pioli
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo RM, Italy
| | - Federica Piergiacomo
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Atif Aziz Chowdhury
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brusetti
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Paola Foladori
- University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Via Mesiano 77 38123, Trento, Italy
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3
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Clagnan E, Cucina M, De Nisi P, Dell'Orto M, D'Imporzano G, Kron-Morelli R, Llenas-Argelaguet L, Adani F. Effects of the application of microbiologically activated bio-based fertilizers derived from manures on tomato plants and their rhizospheric communities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22478. [PMID: 38110487 PMCID: PMC10728056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-based fertilizers (BBFs) recovered from animal manure are promising products to optimise resources recovery and generate high agricultural yields. However, their fertilization value may be limited and it is necessary to enrich BBFs with microbial consortia to enhance their fertilization value. Three specific microbial consortia were developed according to the characteristics of three different BBFs produced from manure (bio-dried solid fraction, solid fraction of digestate and biochar) to enhance plant growth and product quality. A greenhouse pot experiment was carried out with tomato plants grown with microbiologically activated BBFs applied either as N-organic fertilizers or as an organic amendment. A next generation sequencing analysis was used to characterise the development of each rhizospheric community. All the activated BBFs gave enhanced tomato yields (fresh and dry weight) compared with the non-activated treatments and similar to, or higher than, chemical fertilization. Concerning the tomato fruits' organoleptic quality, lycopene and carotenoids concentrations were improved by biological activation. Metagenomic analysis points at Trichoderma as the main driver of the positive effects, with the effects of added bacteria being negligible or limited at the early stages after fertilization. In the context of the circular economy, the activated BBFs could be used to replace synthetic fertilisers, reducing costs and environmental burdens and increasing production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Clagnan
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnologies and Agroindustry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Cucina
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (ISAFOM-CNR), Via Della Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Patrizia De Nisi
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Dell'Orto
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuliana D'Imporzano
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Laia Llenas-Argelaguet
- BETA Tech Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra de Roda 70, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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Clagnan E, Cucina M, Vilas Sajgule R, De Nisi P, Adani F. Microbial community acclimatization enhances bioplastics biodegradation and biogas production under thermophilic anaerobic digestion. Bioresour Technol 2023; 390:129889. [PMID: 37866767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the results of a novel study of microbial acclimatization for bioplastics anaerobic degradation and conversion into biogas. Three sequential anaerobic digestion (AD) runs were carried out to favour microbial acclimatization to two different bioplastics, starch-based (SBS) and polyactic-acid (PLA). AD of SBS and PLA bioplastics was favoured by the acclimatization of the inoculum to the substrate after each run of AD. SBS conversion into biogas increased by 52 % (from 94 to 143 NL kgVS-1) and it was correlated with the enhanced growth of starch degrading bacteria such as Hydrogenispora, Halocella and Haloplasma. PLA anaerobic degradation increased by 97 % (from 395 to 779 NLbiogas kgVS-1) and it was related to the acclimatization of known PLA-degraders such as Tepidimicrobium, Methanothermobacter and Tepidanaerobacter. Microbial acclimatization appears a suitable and low-cost strategy to enhance bioplastics circularity by promoting their anaerobic biodegradation and conversion into biogas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Clagnan
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; Department for Sustainability, Biotechnologies and Agroindustry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Cucina
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (ISAFOM-CNR), Via della Madonna Alta 128, 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Raveena Vilas Sajgule
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia De Nisi
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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5
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Pioli S, Clagnan E, Chowdhury AA, Bani A, Borruso L, Ventura M, Tonon G, Brusetti L. Structural and functional microbial diversity in deadwood respond to decomposition dynamics. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2351-2367. [PMID: 37403552 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the changes in microbial community diversities and functions in natural downed wood at different decay stages in a natural oak forest in the Italian Alps, through metagenomics analysis and in vitro analysis. Alfa diversity of bacterial communities was affected by the decay stage and log characteristics, while beta diversity was mainly driven by log diameter. Fungal and archaeal beta diversities were affected by the size of the sampled wood (log diameter), although, fungi were prominently driven by wood decay stage. The analysis of genes targeting cell wall degradation revealed higher abundances of cellulose and pectin-degrading enzymes in bacteria, while in fungi the enzymes targeting cellulose and hemicellulose were more abundant. The decay class affected the abundance of single enzymes, revealing a shift in complex hydrocarbons degradation pathways along the decay process. Moreover, we found that the genes related to Coenzyme M biosynthesis to be the most abundant especially at early stages of wood decomposition while the overall methanogenesis did not seem to be influenced by the decay stage. Intra- and inter-kingdom interactions between bacteria and fungi revealed complex pattern of community structure in response to decay stage possibly reflecting both direct and indirect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pioli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy
| | - Elisa Clagnan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Atif Aziz Chowdhury
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Alessia Bani
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Luigimaria Borruso
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ventura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Giustino Tonon
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brusetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
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6
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Clagnan E, Adani F. Influence of feedstock source on the development of polyhydroxyalkanoates-producing mixed microbial cultures in continuously stirred tank reactors. N Biotechnol 2023; 76:90-97. [PMID: 37220837 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are the new frontier of bioplastic production; however, research is needed to develop and characterise efficient mixed microbial communities (MMCs) for their application with a multi-feedstock approach. Here, the performance and composition of six MMCs developed from the same inoculum on different feedstocks were investigated through Illumina sequencing to understand community development and identify possible redundancies in terms of genera and PHA metabolism. High PHA production efficiencies (>80% mg CODPHA mg-1 CODOA-consumed) were seen across all samples, but differences in the organic acids (OAs) composition led to different ratios of the monomers poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (3HB) to poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) (3HV). Communities differed across all feedstocks, with enrichments in specific PHA-producing genera, but analysis of potential enzymatic activity identified a certain degree of functional redundancy, possibly leading to the general high efficiency seen in PHA production from all feedstocks. Leading PHAs producers across all feedstocks were identified in genera such as Thauera, Leadbetterella, Neomegalonema and Amaricoccus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Clagnan
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Territory, Agroenergy (DiSAA), University of Milan (Università degli studi di Milano), Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Territory, Agroenergy (DiSAA), University of Milan (Università degli studi di Milano), Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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7
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Herrera A, D’Imporzano G, Clagnan E, Pigoli A, Bonadei E, Meers E, Adani F. Pig Slurry Management Producing N Mineral Concentrates: A Full-Scale Case Study. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2023; 11:7309-7322. [PMID: 37213259 PMCID: PMC10196920 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c07016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Manure treatment to recover nutrients presents a great challenge to delocalize nutrients from overloaded areas to those needing such nutrients. To do this, approaches for the treatment of manure have been proposed, and currently, they are mostly under investigation before being upgraded to full scale. There are very few fully operating plants recovering nutrients and, therefore, very few data on which to base environmental and economic studies. In this work, a treatment plant carrying out full-scale membrane technology to treat manure to reduce its total volume and produce a nutrient-rich fraction, i.e., the concentrate, was studied. The concentrate fraction allowed the recovery of 46% of total N and 43% of total P. The high mineral N content, i.e., N-NH4/total-N > 91%, allowed matching the REcovered Nitrogen from manURE (RENURE) criteria proposed by the European Commission to allow the potential substitution of synthetic chemical fertilizers in vulnerable areas characterized by nutrient overloading. Life cycle assessment (LCA) performed by using full-scale data indicated that nutrient recovery by the process studied, when compared with the production of synthetic mineral fertilizers, had a lower impact for the 12 categories studied. LCA also suggested precautions which might reduce environmental impacts even more, i.e., covering the slurry to reduce NH3, N2O, and CH4 emissions and reducing energy consumption by promoting renewable production. The system studied presented a total cost of 4.3 € tons-1 of slurry treated, which is relatively low compared to other similar technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Herrera
- Gruppo
Ricicla - DiSAA, Università degli
Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana D’Imporzano
- Gruppo
Ricicla - DiSAA, Università degli
Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Clagnan
- Gruppo
Ricicla - DiSAA, Università degli
Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ambrogio Pigoli
- Gruppo
Ricicla - DiSAA, Università degli
Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Bonadei
- O.B.
Di Orazio Brunelli e Figli − S.N.C., Via Adua 52, 25034 Orzinuovi, BS, Italy
| | - Erik Meers
- Department
of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo
Ricicla - DiSAA, Università degli
Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Marazzi F, Fornaroli R, Clagnan E, Brusetti L, Ficara E, Bellucci M, Mezzanotte V. Wastewater from textile digital printing as a substrate for microalgal growth and valorization. Bioresour Technol 2023; 375:128828. [PMID: 36878375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at evaluating an innovative biotechnological process for the concomitant bioremediation and valorization of wastewater from textile digital printing technology based on a microalgae/bacteria consortium. Nutrient and colour removal were assessed in lab-scale batch and continuous experiments and the produced algae/bacteria biomass was characterized for pigment content and biomethane potential. Microbial community analysis provided insight of the complex community structure responsible for the bioremediation action. Specifically, a community dominated by Scenedesmus spp. and xenobiotic and dye degrading bacteria was naturally selected in continuous photobioreactors. Data confirm the ability of the microalgae/bacteria consortium to grow in textile wastewater while reducing the nutrient content and colour. Improvement strategies were eventually identified to foster biomass growth and process performances. The experimental findings pose the basis of the integration of a microalgal-based process into the textile sector in a circular economy perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marazzi
- Università degli Studi di Milano - Bicocca, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Fornaroli
- Università degli Studi di Milano - Bicocca, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Clagnan
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brusetti
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Elena Ficara
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Micol Bellucci
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; Research and Science Department, Italian Space Agency (ASI), Via del Politecnico snc, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Valeria Mezzanotte
- Università degli Studi di Milano - Bicocca, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
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Clagnan E, Dell'Orto M, Štěrbová K, Grivalský T, Artur Câmara Manoel J, Masojídek J, D'Imporzano G, Gabriel Acién-Fernández F, Adani F. Impact of photobioreactor design on microalgae-bacteria communities grown on wastewater: Differences between thin-layer cascade and thin-layer raceway ponds. Bioresour Technol 2023; 374:128781. [PMID: 36828223 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thin-layer (TL) photobioreactors (PBRs) are characterised by high productivity. However, their use is limited to lab/pilot-scale, and a deeper level of characterisation is needed to reach industrial scale and test the resistance of multiple microalgae. Here, the performance and composition of eight microalgal communities cultivated in the two main TLs design (thin-layer cascade (TLC) and thin-layer raceway pond (RW)) were investigated through Illumina sequencing. Chlorella vulgaris showed robustness in both designs and often acted as an "invasive" species. Inoculum and reactor type brought variability. Eukaryotic microalgae inocula led to a more robust and stable community (higher similarity), however, RWs were characterised by a higher variability and did not favour the eukaryotic microalgae. The only cyanobacterial inoculum, Nostoc piscinale, was maintained, however the community was variable between designs. The reactor design had an effect on the N cycle with the TLC and RW configurations, enhancing nitrification and denitrification respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Clagnan
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Italy.
| | - Marta Dell'Orto
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Italy
| | - Karolína Štěrbová
- Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology CAS, Novohradská 237, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Grivalský
- Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology CAS, Novohradská 237, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - João Artur Câmara Manoel
- Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology CAS, Novohradská 237, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Masojídek
- Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology CAS, Novohradská 237, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Giuliana D'Imporzano
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Italy
| | - Francisco Gabriel Acién-Fernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, University of Almeria, Cañada San Urbano, s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Italy
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10
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Clagnan E, D'Imporzano G, Dell'Orto M, Bani A, Dumbrell AJ, Parati K, Acién-Fernández FG, Portillo-Hahnefeld A, Martel-Quintana A, Gómez-Pinchetti JL, Adani F. Centrate as a sustainable growth medium: Impact on microalgal inocula and bacterial communities in tubular photobioreactor cultivation systems. Bioresour Technol 2022; 363:127979. [PMID: 36126844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Centrate is a low-cost alternative to synthetic fertilizers for microalgal cultivation, reducing environmental burdens and remediation costs. Adapted microalgae need to be selected and characterised to maximise biomass production and depuration efficiency. Here, the performance and composition of six microalgal communities cultivated both on synthetic media and centrate within semi-open tubular photobioreactors were investigated through Illumina sequencing. Biomass grown on centrate, exposed to a high concentration of ammonium, showed a higher quantity of nitrogen (5.6% dry weight) than the biomass grown on the synthetic media nitrate (3.9% dry weight). Eukaryotic inocula were replaced by other microalgae while cyanobacterial inocula were maintained. Communities were generally similar for the same inoculum between media, however, inoculation with cyanobacteria led to variability within the eukaryotic community. Where communities differed, centrate resulted in a higher richness and diversity. The higher nitrogen of centrate possibly led to higher abundance of genes coding for N metabolism enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Clagnan
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Italy
| | - Giuliana D'Imporzano
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Italy.
| | - Marta Dell'Orto
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Italy
| | - Alessia Bani
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Italy; School of Life Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO3 4SQ, UK; Istituto Sperimentale Lazzaro Spallanzani, loc La Quercia, 2602 Rivolta d'Adda, CR, Italy
| | - Alex J Dumbrell
- School of Life Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO3 4SQ, UK
| | - Katia Parati
- Istituto Sperimentale Lazzaro Spallanzani, loc La Quercia, 2602 Rivolta d'Adda, CR, Italy
| | - Francisco Gabriel Acién-Fernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, University of Almeria, Cañada San Urbano, s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Agustín Portillo-Hahnefeld
- Spanish Bank of Algae (BEA), Institute of Oceanography and Global Change (IOCAG), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Muelle de Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Antera Martel-Quintana
- Spanish Bank of Algae (BEA), Institute of Oceanography and Global Change (IOCAG), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Muelle de Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Gómez-Pinchetti
- Spanish Bank of Algae (BEA), Institute of Oceanography and Global Change (IOCAG), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Muelle de Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Italy
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Picozzi C, Clagnan E, Musatti A, Rollini M, Brusetti L. Characterization of Two Zymomonas mobilis Wild Strains and Analysis of Populations Dynamics during Their Leavening of Bread-like Doughs. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182768. [PMID: 36140896 PMCID: PMC9497783 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two Zymomonas mobilis wild strains (UMB478 and 479) isolated from water kefir were characterized for their biomass production levels and leavening performance when used as the inoculum of a real bread-like dough formulation. The obtained baked product would be consumable by people with adverse responses to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In liquid cultures, the two strains reached similar biomass concentration (0.7 g CDW/L). UMB479 showed an interesting resistance to NaCl (MBC 30 g/L), that may be useful in the bakery sector. When inoculated in doughs, UMB479 produced the maximum dough volume (650 mL) after 5 h, glucose was almost consumed and 1 g/100 g of ethanol produced, +200% respective to UMB478. Using S. cerevisiae for comparison purposes, the dough doubled its volume fast, in only 2 h, but reached a final level of 575 mL, lower than that achieved by Z. mobilis. The analysis of bacterial and fungal population dynamics during dough leavening was performed through the Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA); doughs leavened by UMB479 showed an interesting decrease in fungal richness after leavening. S. cerevisiae, instead, created a more complex fungal community, similar before and after leavening. Results will pave the way for the use of Z. mobilis UMB479 in commercial yeast-free leavened products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Picozzi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Clagnan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alida Musatti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Rollini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250319150
| | - Lorenzo Brusetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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Clagnan E, D'Imporzano G, Dell'Orto M, Sanchez-Zurano A, Acién-Fernandez FG, Pietrangeli B, Adani F. Profiling microalgal cultures growing on municipal wastewater and fertilizer media in raceway photobioreactors. Bioresour Technol 2022; 360:127619. [PMID: 35842066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation is proposed as an effective system for pathogens reduction and wastewater depuration, however, a full characterisation of the risks is still needed. Two raceways were inoculated with Scenedesmus, one using wastewater and the other using a fertilizer medium. Microbial community and pathogen presence were explored by next generation sequencing (NGS), commercial qPCR array and plate counts. These methods proved to be complementary for a full characterization of community structure and potential risks. Media and sampling locations contributed to shape communities and pathogenic loads. The main pathogenic genera detected were Arcobacter and Elizabethkingia (mainly in wastewater) with an important presence of Aeromonas (all samples). A lower presence of pathogens was detected in fertilizer samples, while wastewater showed a reduction from inlet to outlet. Raceways showed potential as an effective biotreatment, with most of the retained pathogens released in the outlet and only a minor part settled in the biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Clagnan
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giuliana D'Imporzano
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Dell'Orto
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ana Sanchez-Zurano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almeria, CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | | | - Biancamaria Pietrangeli
- Inail, Dipartimento Innovazioni Tecnologiche e Sicurezza degli Impianti, Prodotti ed Insediamenti Antropici, Via R. Ferruzzi, 38/40, 00143 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Morillas-España A, Sánchez-Zurano A, Gómez-Serrano C, Ciardi M, Acién G, Clagnan E, Adani F, Lafarga T. Potential of the cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. and Dolichospermum sp. for being produced using wastewater or pig slurry: Validation using pilot-scale raceway reactors. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Clagnan E, Brusetti L, Pioli S, Visigalli S, Turolla A, Jia M, Bargna M, Ficara E, Bergna G, Canziani R, Bellucci M. Microbial community and performance of a partial nitritation/anammox sequencing batch reactor treating textile wastewater. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08445. [PMID: 34901500 PMCID: PMC8637490 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementation of onsite bioremediation technologies is essential for textile industries due to rising concerns in terms of water resources and quality. Partial nitritation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (PN/A) processes emerged as a valid, but unexplored, solution. In this study, the performance of a PN/A pilot-scale (9 m3) sequencing batch reactor treating digital textile printing wastewater (10-40 m3 d-1) was monitored by computing nitrogen (N) removal rate and efficiencies. Moreover, the structure of the bacterial community was assessed by next generation sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses of several genes, which are involved in the N cycle. Although anaerobic ammonium oxidation activity was inhibited and denitrification occurred, N removal rate increased from 16 to 61 mg N g VSS-1 d-1 reaching satisfactory removal efficiency (up to 70%). Ammonium (18-70 mg L-1) and nitrite (16-82 mg L-1) were detected in the effluent demonstrating an unbalance between the aerobic and anaerobic ammonia oxidation activity, while constant organic N was attributed to recalcitrant azo dyes. Ratio between nitrification and anammox genes remained stable reflecting a constant ammonia oxidation activity. A prevalence of ammonium oxidizing bacteria and denitrifiers suggested the presence of alternative pathways. PN/A resulted a promising cost-effective alternative for textile wastewater N treatment as shown by the technical-economic assessment. However, operational conditions and design need further tailoring to promote the activity of the anammox bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Clagnan
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brusetti
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Silvia Pioli
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Simone Visigalli
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Turolla
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mingsheng Jia
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Bargna
- Lariana Depur Spa, Via Laghetto 1, 22073 Fino Mornasco, Italy
| | - Elena Ficara
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bergna
- Lariana Depur Spa, Via Laghetto 1, 22073 Fino Mornasco, Italy
| | - Roberto Canziani
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Micol Bellucci
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Visigalli S, Turolla A, Bellandi G, Bellucci M, Clagnan E, Brusetti L, Jia M, Di Cosmo R, Menin G, Bargna M, Bergna G, Canziani R. Autotrophic nitrogen removal for decentralized treatment of ammonia-rich industrial textile wastewater: process assessment, stabilization and modelling. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:46643-46654. [PMID: 33078358 PMCID: PMC8384811 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Digital textile printing (DTP) is a game-changer technology that is rapidly expanding worldwide. On the other hand, process wastewater is rich in ammoniacal and organic nitrogen, resulting in relevant issues for discharge into sewer system and treatment in centralized plants. The present research is focused on the assessment of the partial nitritation/anammox process in a single-stage granular sequencing batch reactor for on-site decentralized treatment. The technical feasibility of the process was assessed by treating wastewater from five DTP industries in a laboratory-scale reactor, in one case investigating long-term process stabilization. While experimental results indicated nitrogen removal efficiencies up to about 70%, complying with regulations on discharge in sewer system, these data were used as input for process modelling, whose successful parameter calibration was carried out. The model was applied to the simulation of two scenarios: (i) the current situation of a DTP company, in which wastewater is discharged into the sewer system and treated in a centralized plant, (ii) the modified situation in which on-site decentralized treatment for DTP wastewater is implemented. The second scenario resulted in significant improvements, including reduced energy consumption (- 15%), reduced greenhouse gases emission, elimination of external carbon source for completing denitrification at centralized WWTP and reduced sludge production (- 25%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Visigalli
- Department of Civil and Environmental engineering - Environmental section, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Turolla
- Department of Civil and Environmental engineering - Environmental section, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Micol Bellucci
- Department of Civil and Environmental engineering - Environmental section, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Clagnan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brusetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Mingsheng Jia
- Department of Civil and Environmental engineering - Environmental section, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Glauco Menin
- Department of Civil and Environmental engineering - Environmental section, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Bargna
- Lariana Depur, Via Laghetto 1, 22073, Fino Mornasco, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Canziani
- Department of Civil and Environmental engineering - Environmental section, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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16
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Tomei MC, Mosca Angelucci D, Clagnan E, Brusetti L. Anaerobic biodegradation of phenol in wastewater treatment: achievements and limits. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2195-2224. [PMID: 33630152 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic biodegradation of toxic compounds found in industrial wastewater is an attractive solution allowing the recovery of energy and resources but it is still challenging due to the low kinetics making the anaerobic process not competitive against the aerobic one. In this review, we summarise the present state of knowledge on the anaerobic biodegradation process for phenol, a typical target compound employed in toxicity studies on industrial wastewater treatment. The objective of this article is to provide an overview on the microbiological and technological aspects of anaerobic phenol degradation and on the research needs to fill the gaps still hindering the diffusion of the anaerobic process. The first part is focused on the microbiology and extensively presents and characterises phenol-degrading bacteria and biodegradation pathways. In the second part, dedicated to process feasibility, anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation kinetics are analysed and compared, and strategies to enhance process performance, i.e. advanced technologies, bioaugmentation, and biostimulation, are critically analysed and discussed. The final section provides a summary of the research needs. Literature data analysis shows the feasibility of anaerobic phenol biodegradation at laboratory and pilot scale, but there is still a consistent gap between achieved aerobic and anaerobic performance. This is why current research demand is mainly related to the development and optimisation of powerful technologies and effective operation strategies able to enhance the competitiveness of the anaerobic process. Research efforts are strongly justified because the anaerobic process is a step forward to a more sustainable approach in wastewater treatment.Key points• Review of phenol-degraders bacteria and biodegradation pathways.• Anaerobic phenol biodegradation kinetics for metabolic and co-metabolic processes.• Microbial and technological strategies to enhance process performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Concetta Tomei
- Water Research Institute, C.N.R., Via Salaria km 29.300, CP 10, 00015, Monterotondo Stazione Rome, Italy.
| | - Domenica Mosca Angelucci
- Water Research Institute, C.N.R., Via Salaria km 29.300, CP 10, 00015, Monterotondo Stazione Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Clagnan
- Ricicla Group - DiSAA, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brusetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen - Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
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Clagnan E, Thornton SF, Rolfe SA, Wells NS, Knoeller K, Murphy J, Tuohy P, Daly K, Healy MG, Ezzati G, von Chamier J, Fenton O. An integrated assessment of nitrogen source, transformation and fate within an intensive dairy system to inform management change. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219479. [PMID: 31335897 PMCID: PMC6650055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
From an environmental perspective optimised dairy systems, which follow current regulations, still have low nitrogen (N) use efficiency, high N surplus (kg N ha-1) and enable ad-hoc delivery of direct and indirect reactive N losses to water and the atmosphere. The objective of the present study was to divide an intensive dairy farm into N attenuation capacity areas based on this ad-hoc delivery. Historical and current spatial and temporal multi-level datasets (stable isotope and dissolved gas) were combined and interpreted. Results showed that the farm had four distinct attenuation areas: high N attenuation: characterised by ammonium-N (NH4+-N) below 0.23 mg NH4+-N l-1 and nitrate (NO3--N) below 5.65 mg NO3--N l-1 in surface, drainage and groundwater, located on imperfectly to moderately-well drained soils with high denitrification potential and low nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (av. 0.0032 mg N2O-N l-1); moderate N attenuation: characterised by low NO3--N concentration in drainage water but high N2O production (0.0317 mg N2O-N l-1) and denitrification potential lower than group 1 (av. δ15N-NO3-: 16.4‰, av. δ18O-NO3-: 9.2‰), on well to moderately drained soils; low N attenuation-area 1: characterised by high NO3--N (av. 6.90 mg NO3--N l-1) in drainage water from well to moderately-well drained soils, with low denitrification potential (av. δ15N-NO3-: 9.5‰, av. δ18O-NO3-: 5.9‰) and high N2O emissions (0.0319 mg N2O l-1); and low N attenuation-area 2: characterised by high NH4+-N (av. 3.93 mg NH4+-N l-1 and high N2O emissions (av. 0.0521 mg N2O l-1) from well to imperfectly drained soil. N loads on site should be moved away from low attenuation areas and emissions to air and water should be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Clagnan
- Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
- Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Steven F. Thornton
- Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A. Rolfe
- Department of Animal and Plant Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi S. Wells
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
- Department of Catchment Hydrology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kay Knoeller
- Department of Catchment Hydrology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - John Murphy
- Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - Patrick Tuohy
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen Daly
- Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - Mark G. Healy
- Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - Golnaz Ezzati
- Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - Julia von Chamier
- Department of Catchment Hydrology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Owen Fenton
- Environmental Research Centre, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
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18
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Clagnan E, Thornton SF, Rolfe SA, Tuohy P, Peyton D, Wells NS, Fenton O. Influence of artificial drainage system design on the nitrogen attenuation potential of gley soils: Evidence from hydrochemical and isotope studies under field-scale conditions. J Environ Manage 2018; 206:1028-1038. [PMID: 30029337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In North Atlantic Europe intensive dairy farms have a low nitrogen (N) use efficiency, with high N surpluses often negatively affecting water quality. Low feed input systems on heavy textured soils often need artificial drainage to utilise low cost grassland and remain profitable. Heavy textured soils have high but variable N attenuation potential, due to soil heterogeneity. Furthermore, drainage system design can influence the potential for N attenuation and subsequent N loadings in waters receiving drainage from such soils. The present study utilises end of pipe, open ditch and shallow groundwater sampling points across five sites in SW Ireland to compare and rank sites based on N surplus, water quality and "net denitrification", and to develop a conceptual framework for the improved management of heavy textured dairy sites to inform water quality N sustainability. This includes both drainage design and "net denitrification" criterion, as developed within this study.N surplus ranged from 211 to 292 kg N/ha (mean of 252 kg N/sourha) with a common source of organic N across all locations. The predicted soil organic matter (SOM) N release potential from top-subsoil layers was high, ranging from 115 to >146 kg N/ha. Stable isotopes analyses showed spatial variation in the extent of specific N-biotransformation processes, according to drainage location and design. Across all sites, nitrate (NO3-N) was converted to ammonium (NH4+-N), which migrated offsite through open ditch and shallow groundwater pathways. Using the ensemble data the potential for soil N attenuation could be discriminated by 3 distinct groups reflecting the relative dominance of in situ N-biotransformation processes deduced from water composition: Group 1 (2 farms, ranked with high sustainability, NH4+ < 0.23 mg N/l, δ15N-NO3- > 5‰ and δ18O-NO3- > 10‰), low NH4+-N concentration coupled with a high denitrification potential; Group 2 (1 farm with moderate sustainability, NH4+ < 0.23 mg N/l, δ15N-NO3- < 8‰ and δ18O-NO3- < 8‰), low NH4+-N concentration with a high nitrification potential and a small component of complete denitrification; Group 3 (2 farms, ranked with low sustainability, NH4+ > 0.23 mg N/l, 14‰ > δ15N-NO3- > 5‰ and 25‰ > δ18O-NO3- > -2‰), high NH4+-N concentration due to low denitrification. The installation of a shallow drainage system (e.g. mole or gravel moles at 0.4 m depth) reduced the "net denitrification" ranking of a site, leading to water quality issues. From this detailed work an N sustainability tool for any site, which presents the relationship between drainage class, drainage design (if present), completeness of denitrification, rate of denitrification and NH4-N attenuation was developed. This tool allows a comparison or ranking of sites in terms of their N sustainability. The tool can also be used pre-land drainage and presents the consequences of future artificial land drainage on water quality and gaseous emissions at a given site.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Clagnan
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland; University of Sheffield, Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield, UK.
| | - S F Thornton
- University of Sheffield, Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield, UK
| | - S A Rolfe
- University of Sheffield, Department of Animal and Plant Science, Sheffield, UK
| | - P Tuohy
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - D Peyton
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - N S Wells
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Environment, Science & Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Rd, Lismore, 2480 NSW, Australia; Dept. of Catchment Hydrology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - O Fenton
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
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Baldo V, Cocchio S, Gallo T, Furlan P, Clagnan E, Del Zotto S, Saia M, Bertoncello C, Buja A, Baldovin T. Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination: a retrospective study of hospitalization for pneumonia in North-East Italy. J Prev Med Hyg 2016; 57:E61-8. [PMID: 27582630 PMCID: PMC4996041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pneumonia remains a common reason for hospitalizing infants and the elderly worldwide, and streptococcal infection is often responsible. The aim of this study was to assess the burden of pneumonia in a large general population. METHODS All pneumonia-related hospitalizations from 2004 to 2013 in north-east Italy were identified from the hospital records with a first-listed diagnosis on discharge of bacterial pneumonia, or a first-listed diagnosis on discharge of meningitis, septicemia or empyema associated with a secondary diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia. We identified major comorbidities, calculated agespecific case-fatality rates (CFR), and estimated the related cost to the health care system. RESULTS Of the 125,722 hospitalizations identified, 96.9% were cases of pneumonia, 2.4% of septicemia, 0.4% of meningitis, and 0.3% of empyema; 75.3% of hospitalizations involved ≥ 65-yearolds. The overall CFR was 12.4%, and it increased with age, peaking in people over 80 (19.6%). The mean annual pneumonia-associated hospitalization rate was 204.6 per 100,000 population, and it peaked in 0- to 4-year-old children (325.6 per 100,000 in males, 288.9 per 100,000 in females), and adults over 65 (844.9 per 100,000 in males, 605.7 per 100,000 in females). Hospitalization rates dropped over the years for the 0-4 year-olds, and rose for people over 80. The estimated overall annual cost of these pneumonia-related hospitalizations was approximately € 41 million. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the burden on resources for pneumonia-related hospitalization is an important public health issue. Prevention remains the most valuable tool for containing pneumonia, and vaccination strategies can help in the primary prevention of infection, possibly reducing the number of cases in all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Baldo
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Padua, Italy;,Correspondence: Vincenzo Baldo, Institute of Hygiene, University of Padua, Istituto di Igiene, via Loredan 18, 35121 Padova, Italy - Tel. +39 0498275 - Fax +39 0498275392 - E-mail:
| | - S. Cocchio
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Padua, Italy
| | - T. Gallo
- EuroHealth Net, Friuli Venezia Giulia Region Health Directorate, Italy
| | - P. Furlan
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Padua, Italy
| | - E. Clagnan
- EuroHealth Net, Friuli Venezia Giulia Region Health Directorate, Italy
| | - S. Del Zotto
- EuroHealth Net, Friuli Venezia Giulia Region Health Directorate, Italy
| | - M. Saia
- EuroHealth Net, Veneto Region Health Directorate, Italy
| | | | - A. Buja
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Padua, Italy
| | - T. Baldovin
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Padua, Italy
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Clagnan E, Centonze S, Saitto C. Epidemiolocigal Study of Road Traffic Accidents: A Study from Friuli Venezia Giulia. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s207-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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