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Wu Q, Ma Y, Zhang L, Han J, Lei Y, Le Y, Huang C, Kan J, Fu C. Extraction, functionality, and applications of Chlorella pyrenoidosa protein/peptide. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100621. [PMID: 38021256 PMCID: PMC10653999 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) has been widely used in commercial food and feed production for numerous years. Its high protein content and cost-effectiveness make it an attractive source of novel protein. With a focus on sustainable development and the search for green natural products, current research is dedicated to maximizing the utilization of C. pyrenoidosa protein (CPP) and peptide. Various techniques, such as the use of ionic liquids, freeze-thawing, ultrasonication, enzyme digest, microwaving are employed in the extraction of CPP. The extracted CPP has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bacteriostatic properties. It can also stimulate immune regulation, prevent cardiovascular disease, protect red blood cells, and even be used in wastewater treatment. Furthermore, CPP has shown some potential in combating obesity. Additionally, CPP is being explored in three-dimensional (3D) printing applications, particularly for the creation of biological scaffolds. It is also anticipated to play a role in 3D food printing. This review aimed to supply a comprehensive summary of CPP and C. pyrenoidosa peptide extraction methods, their functions, and practical applications in various industries. By doing so, it seeks to underpin subsequent research efforts, highlight current research limitations, and identify future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Wu
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuchen Ma
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lanxin Zhang
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jing Han
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yanan Lei
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yi Le
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Caili Fu
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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Zhong Y, Lin D, Li S, Wang Q, Liu H, Ma L, Liu H. Enhanced nitrogen removal via Yarrowia lipolytica-mediated nitrogen and related metabolism of Chlorella pyrenoidosa from wastewater. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1159297. [PMID: 37425353 PMCID: PMC10325826 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1159297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the optimum co-culture ratio with the highest biological nitrogen removal rate, revealing that chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen (TN), and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) removal was increased in the Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Yarrowia lipolytica co-culture system at a 3:1 ratio. Compared with the control, TN and NH3-N content in the co-incubated system was decreased within 2-6 days. We investigated mRNA/microRNA (miRNA) expression in the C. pyrenoidosa and Y. lipolytica co-culture after 3 and 5 days, identifying 9885 and 3976 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Sixty-five DEGs were associated with Y. lipolytica nitrogen, amino acid, photosynthetic, and carbon metabolism after 3 days. Eleven differentially expressed miRNAs were discovered after 3 days, of which two were differentially expressed and their target mRNA expressions negatively correlated with each other. One of these miRNAs regulates gene expression of cysteine dioxygenase, hypothetical protein, and histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD1, thereby reducing amino acid metabolic capacity; the other miRNA may promote upregulation of genes encoding the ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 10 (ABCC10), thereby promoting nitrogen and carbon transport in C. pyrenoidosa. These miRNAs may further contribute to the activation of target mRNAs. miRNA/mRNA expression profiles confirmed the synergistic effects of a co-culture system on pollutant disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Zhong
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Danni Lin
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sufen Li
- Institute of Water Environment Engineering, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lukai Ma
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huifan Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Effects of simultaneous dual-frequency divergent ultrasound-assisted extraction on the structure, thermal and antioxidant properties of protein from Chlorella pyrenoidosa. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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