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Mizutani RF, de Paula Santos U, Arbex RF, Arbex MA, Terra-Filho M. An Evaluation of the Impact of Air Pollution on the Lung Functions of High School Students Living in a Ceramic Industrial Park Zone. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6964. [PMID: 37947522 PMCID: PMC10649640 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20216964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Santa Gertrudes (SG) and Rio Claro (RC), Sao Paulo, Brazil, are located in a ceramic industrial park zone, and their particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 µm (PM10) concentration levels has been among the highest in recently monitored cities in Brazil. Local PM10 was mostly composed of silica. A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the lung functions of public high school students in SG, RC, and São Pedro (SP) (control location), Brazil, in 2018. The prevalence of asthma, mean PM10, FVC (forced vital capacity), and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second) were compared between the locations, and regression analyses were performed. A total of 450 students were included (SG: 158, RC: 153, and SP: 139). The mean FVC% (SG: 95.0% ± 11.8%, RC: 98.8% ± 12.9%, SP: 102.4% ± 13.8%, p < 0.05), the mean FEV1% (SG: 95.7% ± 10.4%, RC: 99.7% ± 12.0%, SP: 103.2% ± 12.0%, p < 0.05) and the mean PM10 (SG: 77.75 ± 38.08 µg/m3, RC: 42.59 ± 23.46 µg/m3, SP: 29.52 ± 9.87 µg/m3, p < 0.01) differed between locations. In regression models, each increase in PM10 by 10 µg/m3 was associated with a decrease in FVC% by 1.10% (95% CI 0.55%-1.65%) and a decrease in FEV1% by 1.27% (95% CI 0.75%-1.79%). Exposure to high levels of silica-rich environmental PM10 was found to be associated with lower FVC and FEV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Futoshi Mizutani
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan de Paula Santos
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Abdo Arbex
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14801-340, Brazil
| | - Mario Terra-Filho
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
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Santiago ÍS, Silva TFA, Marques EV, Barreto FMDS, Ferreira AG, Rocha CA, Mendonça KV, Cavalcante RM. Influence of the seasonality and of urban variables in the BTEX and PM 2.5 atmospheric levels and risks to human health in a tropical coastal city (Fortaleza, CE, Brazil). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42670-42682. [PMID: 33818727 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies benzene in group 1 (carcinogenic to humans). Particulate matter (PM) has recently also been classified in this category. This was an advance toward prioritizing the monitoring of particles in urban areas. The aim of the present study was to assess levels of PM2.5 and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene), the influence of meteorological variables, the planetary boundary layer (PBL), and urban variables as well as risks to human health in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil, in the wet and dry periods. BTEX compounds were sampled using the 1501 method of NIOSH and determined by GC-HS-PID/FID. PM2.5 was monitored using an air sampling pump with a filter holder and determined by the gravimetric method. Average concentrations of BTEX ranged from 1.6 to 45.5 μg m-3, with higher values in the wet period, which may be explained by the fact that annual distribution is influenced by meteorological variables and the PBL. PM2.5 levels ranged from 4.12 to 33.0 μg m-3 and 4.18 to 86.58 μg m-3 in the dry and wet periods, respectively. No seasonal pattern was found for PM2.5, probably due to the influence of meteorological variables, the PBL, and urban variables. Cancer risk ranged from 2.46E-04 to 4.71E-03 and 1.72E-04 to 2.01E-03 for benzene and from 3.07E-06 to 7.04E-05 and 3.08E-06 to 2.85E-05 for PM2.5 in the wet and dry periods, respectively. Cancer risk values for benzene were above the acceptable limit established by the international regulatory agency in both the dry and wet periods. The results obtained of the noncarcinogenic risks for the compounds toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene were within the limits of acceptability. The findings also showed that the risk related to PM is always greater among smokers than nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íthala S Santiago
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil
- Undergraduate Course in Environmental Science - Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Tamiris F A Silva
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil
- Undergraduate Course in Environmental Science - Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Elissandra V Marques
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil
- Undergraduate Course in Environmental Science - Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Francisco M de S Barreto
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology - IFCE, Fortaleza Campus, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Antonio G Ferreira
- Earth Observation Labomar Laboratory (EOLLab), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Camille A Rocha
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Kamila V Mendonça
- Laboratory of Economics, Law and Sustainability (LEDS/LABOMAR), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil.
- Undergraduate Course in Environmental Science - Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil.
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Felicio-Júnior EL, Barnabé V, de Almeida FM, Avona MD, de Genaro IS, Kurdejak A, Eller MCN, Vergani KP, Rodrigues JC, Tibério IDFLC, Martins MDA, Saraiva-Romanholo BM. Randomized trial of physiotherapy and hypertonic saline techniques for sputum induction in asthmatic children and adolescents. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2020; 75:e1512. [PMID: 31994616 PMCID: PMC6970279 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyze the efficiency of physiotherapy techniques in sputum induction and in the evaluation of pulmonary inflammation in asthmatic children and adolescents. Although hypertonic saline (HS) is widely used for sputum induction (SI), specific techniques and maneuvers of physiotherapy (P) may facilitate the collection of mucus in some asthmatic children and adolescents. METHODS A randomized crossover study was performed in patients with well-controlled asthma, and 90 sputum samples were collected. Children and adolescents were assessed using spirometry and randomized at entry into one of three sputum induction techniques: (i) 3% hypertonic saline - HS technique; (ii) physiotherapy (oscillatory positive expiratory pressure, forced expiration, and acceleration of expiratory flow) - P technique; and (iii) hypertonic saline + physiotherapy - HSP technique. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03136042. RESULTS The total cells (mL) and the percentage (%) of differential inflammatory cells were similar in all techniques. The sputum weight (g) in the HSP technique was significantly higher than that in the HS technique. In all techniques, the percentage of viable cells was >50%, and there was no difference between the HS and P techniques. Moreover, sputum induction did not cause any alterations in the pulmonary function of patients. CONCLUSION The physiotherapy sputum collection technique was effective in obtaining viable cells from mucus samples and yielded the same amount of sputum as the gold standard technique (hypertonic saline). In addition, the physiotherapy maneuvers were both safe and useful for sputum induction in asthmatic children and adolescents with well-controlled asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egberto Luiz Felicio-Júnior
- Hospital do Servidor Publico do Estado de Sao Paulo (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Laboratorio de Terapeutica Experimental (LIM-20), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Viviani Barnabé
- Hospital do Servidor Publico do Estado de Sao Paulo (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Universidade Cidade de Sao Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Francine Maria de Almeida
- Laboratorio de Terapeutica Experimental (LIM-20), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | | | | | | | - Miriam Cardoso Neves Eller
- Departamento de Pediatria e Pneumologia, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Karina Pierantozzi Vergani
- Departamento de Pediatria e Pneumologia, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Joaquim Carlos Rodrigues
- Departamento de Pediatria e Pneumologia, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | | | - Milton de Arruda Martins
- Laboratorio de Terapeutica Experimental (LIM-20), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva-Romanholo
- Hospital do Servidor Publico do Estado de Sao Paulo (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Laboratorio de Terapeutica Experimental (LIM-20), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Universidade Cidade de Sao Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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