1
|
Zheng Y, Zhao L, Xiong Z, Huang C, Yong Q, Fang D, Fu Y, Gu S, Chen C, Li J, Zhu Y, Liu J, Liu F, Li Y. Ursolic acid targets secreted phosphoprotein 1 to regulate Th17 cells against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2024; 30:449-467. [PMID: 38623614 PMCID: PMC11261229 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2024.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become an increasingly important health challenge, with a substantial rise linked to changing lifestyles and global obesity. Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been explored for its potential therapeutic effects. Given its multifunctional bioactive properties, this research further revealed the pharmacological mechanisms of ursolic acid on MASLD. METHODS Drug target chips and bioinformatics analysis were combined in this study to explore the potential therapeutic effects of ursolic acid on MASLD. Molecular docking simulations, surface plasmon resonance analyses, pull-down experiments, and co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to verify the direct interactions. Gene knockdown mice were generated, and high-fat diets were used to validate drug efficacy. Furthermore, initial CD4+ T cells were isolated and stimulated to demonstrate our findings. RESULTS In this study, the multifunctional extracellular matrix phosphorylated glycoprotein secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) was investigated, highlighting its capability to induce Th17 cell differentiation, amplifying inflammatory cascades, and subsequently promoting the evolution of MASLD. In addition, this study revealed that in addition to the canonical TGF-β/IL-6 cytokine pathway, SPP1 can directly interact with ITGB1 and CD44, orchestrating Th17 cell differentiation via their joint downstream ERK signaling pathway. Remarkably, ursolic acid intervention notably suppressed the protein activity of SPP1, suggesting a promising avenue for ameliorating the immunoinflammatory trajectory in MASLD progression. CONCLUSION Ursolic acid could improve immune inflammation in MASLD by modulating SPP1-mediated Th17 cell differentiation via the ERK signaling pathway, which is orchestrated jointly by ITGB1 and CD44, emerging as a linchpin in this molecular cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhekun Xiong
- Department of Spleen, Stomach and Hepatobiliary, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
| | - Chaoyuan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhong Yong
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Fang
- Medical Affairs Department, Ton-Bridge Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, China
| | - Yugang Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Simin Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengbin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu X, Ji J, Han X. Osteopontin: an essential regulatory protein in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:1-13. [PMID: 37878112 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, chronic lung disease characterized by abnormal proliferation and activation of fibroblasts, excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), inflammatory damage, and disrupted alveolar structure. Despite its increasing morbidity and mortality rates, effective clinical treatments for IPF remain elusive. Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional ECM protein found in various tissues, has been implicated in numerous biological processes such as bone remodeling, innate immunity, acute and chronic inflammation, and cancer. Recent studies have highlighted the pivotal role of OPN in the pathogenesis of IPF. This review aims to delve into the involvement of OPN in the inflammatory response, ECM deposition, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during IPF, and intends to lay a solid theoretical groundwork for the development of therapeutic strategies for IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang Y, Wang L, Wang S, Wang Y, Du Y, Fan Y. Luteolin restored Treg/Th17 balance to ameliorate allergic rhinitis in a mouse model. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023:1-8. [PMID: 36946145 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2166527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Luteolin (LO) has been reported to be a potential drug for allergic rhinitis (AR). This paper explored the mechanism of LO in AR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were treated with ovalbumin (OVA) to construct an AR model in vivo before LO or 3-methyladenine (3-MA) treatment. The frequency of nasal sneezing was counted. The nasal mucosa thickness was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining assay. The levels of anti-OVA-immunoglobulin E (IgE)/IgG2a, autophagy-related factors (Beclin1, LC3II/LC3I), and T helper cell 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg) markers (interleukin (IL)-17A, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt)/IL-10, forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)) were detected through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Flow cytometry assay was performed to test the percentage of Th17 and Treg cells. RESULTS The nasal sneezing frequency, nasal mucosa thickness, and levels of anti-OVA-IgE, Beclin1, LC3II/LC3I, IL-17A as well as RORγt were enhanced whereas anti-OVA-IgG2a, IL-10, and Foxp3 levels were inhibited in a mouse model of OVA-induced AR, which were reversed by LO or 3-MA treatment. CONCLUSIONS LO restored Treg/Th17 balance to ameliorate AR in a mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Yang
- Department of Allergy, The First Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Allergy, The First Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Allergy, The First Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yunqiang Du
- Criminal Police, Public Security Bureau of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuqin Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaleta B. Osteopontin and Transplantation: Where Are We Now? Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:15. [PMID: 34019147 PMCID: PMC8139897 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Organ transplantation represents the optimal therapeutic tool for patients with end-stage organ failure. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is likewise an effective therapy for a wide range of malignant and non-malignant diseases. Better understanding of transplantation immunology and the use of multi-modal immunosuppression protocols, can decrease the risk of graft failure and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after HSCT. Nevertheless, a major challenge of modern transplantology still seems to be finding non-invasive biomarkers for recipients selection, monitoring of allograft function, and diagnosis of rejection. Since proinflammatory cytokine osteopontin (OPN) is closely involved in regulating both adaptive and innate immune responses, as well as the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, it is likely to play an important role in organ and HSC transplantation. This review is to summarize recent advances in our knowledge about OPN function in the kidney, heart, liver, lung, and HSC transplantation. Most studies found that elevated OPN is associated with poorer graft function in kidney, heart, liver and lung recipients. Moreover, some reports suggested that this protein can play role in GVHD pathogenesis. However, due to relatively small number of similar studies, as well as some inconclusive results, future investigation in this field is needed to verify if OPN can serve as a biomarker of organ and HSC transplantation. The knowledge about such markers will promote our understanding of the mechanisms underlying graft dysfunction and posttransplant mortality. In addition, such knowledge may be helpful in the development of new treatment strategies and identification of recipients with increased risk of allograft failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kaleta
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59 St., 02-006, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dong J, Xu O, Wang J, Shan C, Ren X. Luteolin ameliorates inflammation and Th1/Th2 imbalance via regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in allergic rhinitis rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:319-327. [PMID: 33900898 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1905659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Luteolin has an anti-allergic effect but its mechanism is not clear. This study attempted to determine the mechanisms of luteolin in rhinitis. METHODS Allergic rhinitis rat model was established by ovalbumin (OVA) stimulation. Then, the rats were treated with normal saline, luteolin, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 14 days. Nasal symptoms were scored; the histopathological changes of nasal mucosa were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Serum levels of Th1 type cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2), Th2 type cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), and OVA-specific IgE (sIgE) were determined by ELISA. The expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and p65 in nasal mucosa were detected by Western blot or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Luteolin decreased symptom scores, specifically, the scores in control group, model group, model + 0.1 mg/kg luteolin, model + 1 mg/kg luteolin, and model + 10 mg/kg luteolin groups were 0.63 ± 0.52, 7.88 ± 0.83, 1.38 ± 0.52, 2.75 ± 0.46, and 5.00 ± 0.53, respectively. Luteolin ameliorated nasal mucosa inflammation by promoting the down-regulated levels of Th1 type cytokines, and suppressing the up-regulated levels of Th2 type cytokines, OVE-sIgE, TLR4, and p65. LPS further increased symptom scores, aggravated nasal mucosa inflammation, improved the unbalance of Th1/Th2 type cytokines, and lowered the expressions of OVE-sIgE, TLR4, and p65. Moreover, LPS reversed the effect of luteolin on allergic rhinitis rats. CONCLUSION Luteolin ameliorated inflammation and Th1/Th2 imbalance via regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in allergic rhinitis rats. This study provided novel evidence that luteolin could be used as a candidate drug in allergic rhinitis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ou Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jianxing Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chunguang Shan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiumin Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nourkami-Tutdibi N, Graf N, Beier R, Zemlin M, Tutdibi E. Plasma levels of osteopontin from birth to adulthood. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28272. [PMID: 32227460 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Osteopontin (OPN) has been investigated as a biomarker for cancer and nonmalignant diseases during the last decades. Data about OPN as a potential biomarker in childhood diseases are still sparse, and reference values are not available in children. We aimed to establish reference values for children from birth to young adulthood and evaluate whether there are age-, gender-, and weight-specific differences. METHOD Umbilical cord blood and blood plasma samples of 117 children were collected in the Children's Hospital of Saarland University in Homburg/Saar. OPN levels were measured by ELISA, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. RESULTS Neonates, infants, toddlers, young children, adolescents, and adults were divided into the following six age groups: newborns (birth), infancy and toddlers (0-24 months), early childhood (3-6 years), middle childhood (7-11 years), adolescence (12-18 years), and adults (> 18 years). Highest blood OPN levels were found in the group of 0-1 years of age. OPN blood levels declined significantly with age (Spearman r = -0.874; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our work is the first prospective and systematic study analyzing OPN cord blood and blood plasma levels in children of all ages. It is the first study yielding reference values for different age groups from birth to young adulthood. Our data give insight on how OPN in umbilical cord blood and OPN in blood plasma are physiologically influenced during childhood development and growth with high OPN levels after birth and a constant age-related decline until the age of 14, when OPN levels reach similar values to those measured in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasenien Nourkami-Tutdibi
- Hospital for General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Norbert Graf
- Hospital for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Rita Beier
- Hospital for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Zemlin
- Hospital for General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Erol Tutdibi
- Hospital for General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Role of Th17 Cells and IL-17 in Th2 Immune Responses of Allergic Conjunctivitis. J Ophthalmol 2020; 2020:6917185. [PMID: 32566265 PMCID: PMC7267877 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6917185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is a common allergic disease that is often associated with the onset of rhinitis or asthma. The incidence of AC has increased significantly in recent years possibly due to air pollution and climate warming. AC seriously affects patients' quality of life and work efficiency. Th (T-helper) 2 immune responses and type I hypersensitivity reactions are generally considered the basis of occurrence of AC. It has been found that new subpopulations of T-helper cells, Th17 cells that produce interleukin-17 (IL-17), play an important role in the Th2-mediated pathogenesis of conjunctivitis. Studies have shown that Th17 cells are involved in a variety of immune inflammation, including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and asthma. However, the role of Th17 and IL-17 in AC is unclear. This paper will focus on how T-helper 17 cells and interleukin-17 are activated in the Th2 immune response of allergic conjunctivitis and how they promote the Th2 immune response of AC.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Q, Li J, Yu TS, Liu Y, Li K, Liu S, Liu Y, Feng Q, Zhang L, Li GS, Shao LL, Peng J, Hou M, Liu XG. Disrupted balance of CD4 + T-cell subsets in bone marrow of patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2798-2814. [PMID: 31853219 PMCID: PMC6909963 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disequilibrium of CD4+ T-cell subpopulations in peripheral blood (PB) of patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) has been well established, whereas the profile of CD4+ T-cell subpopulations in bone marrow (BM) remains elusive. In the present study, the frequencies of T helper 22 (Th22), Th17, Th1, Th2, follicular T helper (Tfh) cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) as well as their effector cytokines in BM and PB from active ITP patients and healthy controls (HCs) were determined. Results showed that the frequencies of Th22, Th17, Th1, and Tfh cells were significantly higher, but Treg number was remarkably lower in BM from ITP patients than from HCs. In the ITP group, it was notable that the numbers of BM Th22, Th17, Th1, Th2, and Tfh cells were significantly elevated compared with the matched PB counterparts, while Treg number in BM was considerably reduced compared with that in PB. In consistence with the BM Th subset pattern, plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-22, IL-17A, and interferon (INF)-γ in BM from ITP patients were significantly increased compared with that from HCs. Therefore, the balance of CD4+ T-cell subsets was disrupted in both BM and PB of ITP patients, suggesting that this might play important roles in the pathophysiological process of ITP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University (Qingdao), 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University (Qingdao), 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Shu Yu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhangqiu People's Hospital, 1920 Huiquan Road, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Lin Shao
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, China
| | - Xin-Guang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Analysis of Potential Genes and Pathways Involved in the Pathogenesis of Acne by Bioinformatics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3739086. [PMID: 31281837 PMCID: PMC6590534 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3739086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acne is the eighth most frequent disease worldwide. Inflammatory response runs through all stages of acne. It is complicated and is involved in innate and adaptive immunity. This study aimed to explore the candidate genes and their relative signaling pathways in inflammatory acne using data mining analysis. Microarray data GSE6475 and GSE53795, including 18 acne lesion tissues and 18 matched normal skin tissues, were obtained. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered and subjected to functional and pathway enrichment analyses. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module analyses were also performed based on the DEGs. In this work, 154 common DEGs, including 145 upregulated and 9 downregulated, were obtained from two microarray profiles. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment of DEGs were clustered using significant enrichment analysis. A PPI network containing 110 nodes/DEGs was constructed, and 31 hub genes were obtained. Four modules in the PPI network, which mainly participated in chemokine signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, were extracted. In conclusion, aberrant DEGs and pathways involved in acne pathogenesis were identified using bioinformatic analysis. The DEGs included FPR2, ITGB2, CXCL8, C3AR1, CXCL1, FCER1G, LILRB2, PTPRC, SAA1, CCR2, ICAM1, and FPR1, and the pathways included chemokine signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis. This study could serve as a basis for further understanding the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of inflammatory acne.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the correlation between ocular allergy and dry eye disease (DED), highlighting how the first condition may be a risk factor for the second one. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in our comprehension of the pathogenesis of ocular allergy and DED allow identifying several pathways of interaction between these two conditions. A growing body of evidence supports the role of ocular allergy as a risk factor for DED. Ocular allergy, particularly the severe forms of keratoconjunctivitis, can impact on different key mechanisms of the DED vicious cycle, including tear film instability, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory abnormalities. SUMMARY Ocular allergy and DED are two common, relevant, symptomatic, not mutually exclusive conditions affecting the ocular surface. They share some clinical and biochemical features. To better understand the complex interactions between these two conditions, it's essential to consider the very wide spectrum of clinical conditions included in the term ocular allergy and the still largely unexplored peculiarities of the pediatric ocular surface physio-pathology and DED.
Collapse
|