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Starke M, Larsson A, Punzi E. People with intellectual disability and their risk of exposure to violence: Identification and prevention - a literature review. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2024:17446295241252472. [PMID: 38714505 DOI: 10.1177/17446295241252472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the literature review was to identify knowledge and knowledge gaps concerning risks of violence toward children, youth, adults and elderly with intellectual disabilities, and how risks can be identified and prevented. The research revealed that children, youths and adults labelled with intellectual disabilities are more exposed to violence than others and that the target group lack knowledge about risks of violence and what it means to be exposed to violence. It was also found that professionals who work with people with intellectual disabilities may lack knowledge about violence, and those who work with violence lack knowledge about intellectual disabilities. There is thus a need to further elaborate routines to identify exposure to violence, and to identify the target group and a need to create collaborative teams with professionals who have in-depth knowledge of violence, and those who have in-depth knowledge about the target group.
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Giraldo-Rodríguez L, Agudelo-Botero M. Elder abuse experienced by older Mexican women with disabilities: a current and retrospective view on domestic violence. J Elder Abuse Negl 2024; 36:93-116. [PMID: 38126729 DOI: 10.1080/08946566.2023.2297224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were: 1) to estimate the prevalence of child abuse (CA), intimate partner violence (IPV), and elder abuse (EA) in a representative sample of older Mexican women by status, type, and cause of disability; and 2) to examine the associations of EA with CA, IPV, and disability status. We conducted a secondary data analysis of 21,718 women aged 60 years and older. Older women with disabilities had higher prevalences of CA, IPV, and EA than those with some difficulties or without disabilities. In older women whose disability was acquired at birth or due to aggression, this prevalence was especially high. Older women with disabilities and a history of CA and IPV were twice as likely to suffer EA. Policymakers and government leaders should incorporate the matter of violence against women with disabilities into their public agendas. This should be done while considering the women's various disabilities and causes of disability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Agudelo-Botero
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Fanslow JL, Mellar BM, Gulliver PJ, McIntosh TKD. Evidence of Gender Asymmetry in Intimate Partner Violence Experience at the Population-Level. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:9159-9188. [PMID: 37032556 PMCID: PMC10668541 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231163646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Claims of "gender symmetry" in intimate partner violence (IPV) prevalence are contested, with resolution of the issue complicated by methodological and measurement challenges. This study explores gendered differences in the distribution of IPV exposure at the population-level, considering multiple types of IPV exposure. The subjects comprised of 1,431 ever-partnered women and 1,355 ever-partnered men. Data from a nationally representative population-based cross-sectional survey were used to compare men and women's IPV experiences. Twenty-three IPV acts were assessed across IPV types (moderate physical, severe physical, sexual, psychological, controlling behaviors, economic). Proportions were presented by gender for the number of individual IPV acts experienced per IPV type, and the frequency of these acts (none, once, few times, or many times). A composite exposure score was developed to assess the number of acts and their frequency within types by comparing scores in tertiles and across types by correlations. Women reported greater overall prevalence of 20 of the 23 individual IPV acts assessed. Across all assessed acts, women comprised a substantially greater proportion of those who reported experiencing individual acts "many times." Women experienced more severe and more frequent IPV than men based on self-reported experience of IPV acts, and by the frequency with which acts were experienced. Significant differences between men and women's exposure scores were observed for all six assessed types, with greater proportions of women scoring in the upper tertiles. This study provides evidence of gender asymmetry in experiences of IPV at the population level. While men do experience IPV victimization, there remains need for directed and substantial resource allocation for intervention and therapeutic responses to women's exposure to IPV, and for primary prevention with men. Going forward, IPV measurement tools that consider frequency, severity, or co-occurring types of IPV are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L. Fanslow
- Social and Community Health, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brooklyn M. Mellar
- Social and Community Health, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pauline J. Gulliver
- Social and Community Health, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tracey K. D. McIntosh
- School of Māori Studies and Pacific Studies, Faculty of Arts, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Başkan B, Alkan Ö. Determinants of intimate partner controlling behavior targeting women in Türkiye. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1174143. [PMID: 37284474 PMCID: PMC10239945 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1174143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Intimate partner controlling behavior toward women is an important form of intimate partner violence (IPV), both in terms of limiting women's daily lives and in terms of reproducing patriarchal culture and male dominance in societies at the micro level. A limited number of studies in the literature have identified the male intimate partner's controlling behavior as a dependent variable, which is important for understanding the determinants of this type of IPV. There is also a significant gap in the literature in terms of studies focusing on the case of Türkiye. Thus, the main aim of this study was to determine the socio-demographic, economic and violence-related factors that have an effect on women's status in terms of exposure to control behavior in Türkiye. Methods These factors were examined by using binary logistic regression analysis, based on the micro data set collected by the Hacettepe University's Institute of Population Studies in the 2014-dated National Research on Domestic Violence against Women in Türkiye. A total of 7,462 women between the ages of 15 and 59 were interviewed face-to-face. Results The findings of the study revealed that women are more likely to be exposed to controlling behavior if they live in rural areas, are unmarried, speak Turkish as their mother tongue, have bad or very bad health conditions, justify men's violence and are afraid of their intimate partners. As women's age, level of education and income contribution increase, their likelihood of exposure to controlling behavior decreases. However, women's exposure to economic, physical and emotional violence also increases their likelihood of exposure to controlling behavior. Conclusion The findings highlighted the importance of creating public policies that make women less vulnerable to men's controlling behavior, providing women with methods and mechanisms of resistance and raising public awareness of the exacerbating effects of controlling behavior on social inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Başkan
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ömer Alkan
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
- Master Araştırma Eğitim ve Danışmanlık Hizmetleri Ltd. Şti., Ata Teknokent, Erzurum, Türkiye
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Jongsma K, Timmons Fritz P. The Role of Pornography Use in Intimate Partner Violence in Different-Sex Couples: A Prospective Longitudinal Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP20873-NP20897. [PMID: 34783607 PMCID: PMC9554362 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211055145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pornography use and intimate partner violence (IPV) are both prevalent in romantic relationships. However, information is lacking about whether pornography use predicts IPV. This study examined the relation between frequency of pornography use (FPU) and IPV across a span of 4 months in a sample of 132 different-sex couple dyads. At least one partner in each couple was attending a Canadian university. Participants (N = 264) completed online measures of pornography use, IPV, and social desirability at baseline and at a 4-month follow-up. Two longitudinal actor-partner interdependence models using a structural equation framework to conduct path analyses demonstrated that (a) higher FPU among men at baseline predicted increases in IPV perpetration and victimization from baseline to 4-month follow-up for both men and women and (b) women's baseline FPU did not predict change in IPV over time for themselves or their partners. These findings suggest that frequent pornography use among male partners in different-sex romantic relationships may represent an under-recognized risk factor for IPV, and further research is needed to identify latent factors that may be contributing to this relation. Although women's baseline FPU did not predict changes in IPV over time, this may be because women used pornography less frequently than men.
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Meyer SR, Mosha NR, Shakespeare T, Kuper H, Mtolela G, Harvey S, Kapiga S, Mshana G, Stöckl H. Disability and intimate partner violence: a cross-sectional study from Mwanza, Tanzania. Disabil Health J 2022; 16:101404. [PMID: 36522283 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2022.101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with disabilities are at heightened risk of experiencing intimate partner violence [IPV], although the mechanisms through which disability acts as a risk factor for IPV are not clear. OBJECTIVE We analyzed cross-sectional data (n = 867) from Wave 3 of the MAISHA longitudinal study, conducted in Mwanza, Tanzania, to i) describe the levels of disability and IPV amongst women, and ii) to assess the association between level and type of disability and IPV experience. METHODS IPV was assessed using the WHO Multi-Country study instrument. Levels of disability (none, mild and severe) were categorized based on responses to the Washington Group Short Set questions. We fitted logistic regression models to determine the risk of experiencing each type of IPV according to disability level and type of disability. RESULTS We found significant associations between mild and severe disability and different types of IPV. For example, in multivariate analyses controlling for socio-demographic variables, women reporting severe disability were significantly more likely to report physical and/or sexual IPV, sexual IPV. controlling behaviors, economic IPV, and severe IPV, whereas for mild disability compared to no disability, physical and/or sexual IPV, sexual IPV, and economic IPV were significantly more likely to be reported. Cognitive disability was a significant correlate of all forms of IPV apart from physical IPV. CONCLUSIONS Our findings that specific types of disability and not others were associated with an elevated risk of IPV exposure indicate the need for nuanced measurement and analysis of the association between disability and IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Meyer
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Neema R Mosha
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377, München, Germany; Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, PO Box 11936, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Tom Shakespeare
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, UK
| | - Hannah Kuper
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, UK
| | - Grace Mtolela
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, PO Box 11936, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Sheila Harvey
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, PO Box 11936, Mwanza, Tanzania; Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, UK
| | - Saidi Kapiga
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, PO Box 11936, Mwanza, Tanzania; Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - Gerry Mshana
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, PO Box 11936, Mwanza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Heidi Stöckl
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377, München, Germany; Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, UK.
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Manouchehri E, Ghavami V, Larki M, Saeidi M, Latifnejad Roudsari R. Domestic violence experienced by women with multiple sclerosis: a study from the North-East of Iran. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:321. [PMID: 35909119 PMCID: PMC9339184 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Violence against women is a significant health and legal problem and has been declared as a health priority by the World Health Organization. The most common type of violence against women is domestic violence, more prevalent against women with disabilities than other women. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurological disease and has experienced sudden growth in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of domestic violence and its various types (psychological, economic, physical, and sexual) experienced by women with MS. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 275 married women with MS were selected using convenience sampling. After obtaining informed consent and reviewing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the Domestic Violence against Women Questionnaire developed by Mohseni Tabrizi et al. was completed by the participants on a self-report basis. The results were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. To analyze data, statistical tests including chi-square and Fisher exact tests for univariate analysis and logistic regression, were employed. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 37.12 ± 8.48 years. Domestic violence in different forms of psychological, economic, physical, and sexual violence was present in 53.1%, 63%, 33.6%, and 20.4% of participants, respectively. Economic violence (33.8%) was the highest, and sexual violence (5.1%) was the lowest rate of severe violence among participants. There was a significant relationship between the overall rate of domestic violence and the variables including income (P = 0.013), spouse's income (P = 0.001), participant's job (P = 0.036) and participant's education (P = 0.001). In logistic regression, the overall rate of domestic violence was higher in participants with education less than a diploma than in participants with a diploma (P = 0.014) and participants with a university education (P = 0.016). CONCLUSION According to the results, providing opportunities such as promoting the social status of women, fulfilling the rights of women with disabilities and debilitating diseases such as MS in society is recommended. Additionally, educating men about the negative impact of domestic violence on the current and future status of the family seems necessary. Providing counseling facilities on various forms of violence, especially domestic violence, for women with MS, is also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Manouchehri
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Ghavami
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Larki
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Saeidi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Robab Latifnejad Roudsari
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Prevalence of Nonpartner Physical and Sexual Violence Against People With Disabilities. Am J Prev Med 2021; 61:329-337. [PMID: 34419230 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to determine the prevalence rates of nonpartner physical and sexual violence in men and women with different disabilities compared with those in people without disabilities. METHODS Face-to-face interviews were conducted in 3 regions of New Zealand (2017-2019), and 2,887 randomly selected respondents participated (1,464 women, 1,423 men). Respondents provided information on the disability types (physical, intellectual, psychological, none) experienced and on the experience of physical and sexual violence since age 15 years. Analysis was conducted in 2020-2021. RESULTS More people with disabilities reported nonpartner physical and sexual violence experience than those without disabilities. For women, 15.4% of those with disabilities experienced lifetime nonpartner physical violence, and 11.1% experienced lifetime nonpartner sexual violence. For men with disabilities, 56.2% experienced lifetime nonpartner physical violence, and 5.6% experienced lifetime nonpartner sexual violence. Women and men with psychological disabilities reported the highest prevalence rates of nonpartner physical and sexual violence. The main perpetrators of nonpartner physical violence for women with disabilities were parents and relatives (59.7%), whereas for men with disabilities, strangers (59.3%) were the main perpetrators. Among people with disabilities who reported nonpartner sexual violence, 43.5% of women and 60.0% of men never sought help. CONCLUSIONS This is one of the few studies globally reporting on the prevalence of nonpartner violence in both men and women with different disability types. It contributes information on the gender and relationships of those who perpetrated the violence. Findings highlight the need for violence prevention and intervention programs that are inclusive of and responsive to those with different disability types.
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