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Westphal DS, Hauser M, Beckmann BM, Wolf CM, Hessling G, Oberhoffer-Fritz R, Wacker-Gussmann A. Fetal Bradycardia Caused by Monogenic Disorders-A Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11236880. [PMID: 36498454 PMCID: PMC9741304 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11236880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The standard obstetric definition of fetal bradycardia is a sustained fetal heart rate < 110 bpm over at least 10 min. Fetal bradycardia can be the first and only prenatal presentation of a heart disease. We present an overview on different genetic disorders that should be taken into consideration in case of diagnosed fetal bradycardia. Methods: A literature review was conducted using a PubMed- and OMIM-based search for monogenetic disorders causing fetal bradycardia in September 2022. Results: The review on the literature identified nine monogenic diseases that could lead to fetal bradycardia. Four of these disorders can be associated with extracardiac findings. Discussion: Genetic testing should be considered in cases with fetal bradycardia, especially in cases of additional extracardiac findings. Broad sequencing techniques and improved prenatal phenotyping could help to establish a diagnosis in an increasing number of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik S. Westphal
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Britt-Maria Beckmann
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cordula M. Wolf
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Hessling
- Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz
- Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Wacker-Gussmann
- Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
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Qureshi SF, Ali A, Venkateshwari A, Rao H, Jayakrishnan M, Narasimhan C, Shenthar J, Thangaraj K, Nallari P. Genotype-phenotype correlation in long QT syndrome families. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2015; 15:269-85. [PMID: 27479201 PMCID: PMC4867973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipej.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity in clinical manifestations is a well-known feature in Long QT Syndrome (LQTS). The extent of this phenomenon became evident in families wherein both symptomatic and asymptomatic family members are reported. The study hence warrants genetic testing and/or screening of family members of LQTS probands for risk stratification and prediction. Of the 46 families screened, 18 probands revealed novel variations/compound heterozygosity in the gene/s screened. Families 1-4 revealed probands carrying novel variations in KCNQ1 gene along with compound heterozygosity of risk genotypes of the SCN5A, KCNE1 and NPPA gene/s polymorphisms screened. It was also observed that families- 5, 6 and 7 were typical cases of "anticipation" in which both mother and child were diagnosed with congenital LQTS (cLQTS). Families- 16 and 17 represented aLQTS probands with variations in IKs and INa encoding genes. First degree relatives (FDRs) carrying the same haplotype as the proband were also identified which may help in predictive testing and management of LQTS. Most of the probands exhibiting a family history were found to be genetic compounds which clearly points to the role of cardiac genes and their modifiers in a recessive fashion in LQTS manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Fatima Qureshi
- Dept. of Genetics, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Altaf Ali
- Dept. of Genetics, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ananthapur Venkateshwari
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad 500016, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Hygriv Rao
- Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, 1-8-31/1, Minister Road, Secunderabad 500 003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M.P. Jayakrishnan
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Calicut Medical College, Calicut 8, Kerala, India
| | | | - Jayaprakash Shenthar
- Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Research, Jayanagar 9th Block, Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore 560069, Karnataka, India
| | - Kumarasamy Thangaraj
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pratibha Nallari
- Dept. of Genetics, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India
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9
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Mitchell JL, Cuneo BF, Etheridge SP, Horigome H, Weng HY, Benson DW. Fetal Heart Rate Predictors of Long QT Syndrome. Circulation 2012; 126:2688-95. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.114132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Fetal long QT syndrome (LQTS) is associated with complex arrhythmias including torsades de pointes and 2° atrioventricular block. Sinus bradycardia has also been associated with fetal LQTS, but little is known of this rhythm manifestation. Our purpose was to characterize the fetal heart rate (FHR)/gestational age (GA) profile of fetal LQTS.
Methods and Results—
We ascertained fetal LQTS subjects by family history (Group 1) or fetal arrhythmia referral (Group 2). We compared FHR in LQTS subjects versus normal fetuses. To identify FHR predictors of LQTS, we calculated a bradycardia index as % of LQTS FHR recordings either ≤110 beats per minute (obstetric standard) or ≤3
rd
percentile for GA. Among 42 LQTS subjects, 26 were in Group 1 and 16 in Group 2. There were 536 normal fetuses. The bradycardia index was only 15% for FHR ≤110 beats per minute, but 66% for FHR ≤3rd percentile for GA. Ten fetuses with complex arrhythmias also had severe and sustained sinus bradycardia throughout gestation. Identifying a fetal proband in Group 2 resulted in LQTS diagnosis in 9 unsuspected members of 6 families.
Conclusions—
FHR varies by GA in both normal and LQTS fetuses. Postnatal evaluation of neonates with FHR ≤3
rd
percentile for GA may improve ascertainment of LQTS in fetuses, neonates, and undiagnosed family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L. Mitchell
- From the Heart Institute for Children, Oak Lawn, IL (J.L.M., B.F.C.); Primary Children's Medical Center, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City (S.P.E., H.-Y.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Tskuba, Tskuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.H.); and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, The University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, OH (D.W.B.)
| | - Bettina F. Cuneo
- From the Heart Institute for Children, Oak Lawn, IL (J.L.M., B.F.C.); Primary Children's Medical Center, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City (S.P.E., H.-Y.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Tskuba, Tskuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.H.); and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, The University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, OH (D.W.B.)
| | - Susan P. Etheridge
- From the Heart Institute for Children, Oak Lawn, IL (J.L.M., B.F.C.); Primary Children's Medical Center, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City (S.P.E., H.-Y.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Tskuba, Tskuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.H.); and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, The University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, OH (D.W.B.)
| | - Hitoshi Horigome
- From the Heart Institute for Children, Oak Lawn, IL (J.L.M., B.F.C.); Primary Children's Medical Center, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City (S.P.E., H.-Y.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Tskuba, Tskuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.H.); and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, The University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, OH (D.W.B.)
| | - Hsin-Yi Weng
- From the Heart Institute for Children, Oak Lawn, IL (J.L.M., B.F.C.); Primary Children's Medical Center, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City (S.P.E., H.-Y.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Tskuba, Tskuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.H.); and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, The University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, OH (D.W.B.)
| | - D. Woodrow Benson
- From the Heart Institute for Children, Oak Lawn, IL (J.L.M., B.F.C.); Primary Children's Medical Center, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City (S.P.E., H.-Y.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Tskuba, Tskuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.H.); and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, The University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, OH (D.W.B.)
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11
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Horigome H, Nagashima M, Sumitomo N, Yoshinaga M, Ushinohama H, Iwamoto M, Shiono J, Ichihashi K, Hasegawa S, Yoshikawa T, Matsunaga T, Goto H, Waki K, Arima M, Takasugi H, Tanaka Y, Tauchi N, Ikoma M, Inamura N, Takahashi H, Shimizu W, Horie M. Clinical Characteristics and Genetic Background of Congenital Long-QT Syndrome Diagnosed in Fetal, Neonatal, and Infantile Life. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2010; 3:10-7. [DOI: 10.1161/circep.109.882159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Horigome
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Masami Nagashima
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Naokata Sumitomo
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Masao Yoshinaga
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Hiroya Ushinohama
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Mari Iwamoto
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Junko Shiono
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Koh Ichihashi
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Satoshi Hasegawa
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Tadahiro Yoshikawa
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Tamotsu Matsunaga
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Hiroko Goto
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Kenji Waki
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Masaki Arima
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Hisashi Takasugi
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Yasuhiko Tanaka
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Nobuo Tauchi
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Masanobu Ikoma
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Noboru Inamura
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Hideto Takahashi
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
| | - Minoru Horie
- From the Department of Child Health (H.H.), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (M.N.), Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health (N.S.), Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan; the Department of Cardiology (H.U.), Fukuoka Children’s
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