1
|
Tani S, Atsumi W, Imatake K, Suzuki Y, Yagi T, Takahashi A, Matsumoto N, Okumura Y. Associations of higher fish consumption and lifestyle with lower monocyte/HDL-C ratio in a Japanese population: Implication for the anti-atherosclerotic effect of fish consumption. J Cardiol 2022; 80:402-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
2
|
Plebanek MP, Bhaumik D, Bryce PJ, Thaxton CS. Scavenger Receptor Type B1 and Lipoprotein Nanoparticle Inhibit Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 17:686-697. [PMID: 29282300 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are innate immune cells that potently inhibit T cells. In cancer, novel therapies aimed to activate T cells can be rendered ineffective due to the activity of MDSCs. Thus, targeted inhibition of MDSCs may greatly enhance T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity, but mechanisms remain obscure. Here we show, for the first time, that scavenger receptor type B-1 (SCARB1), a high-affinity receptor for spherical high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is expressed by MDSCs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SCARB1 is specifically targeted by synthetic high-density lipoprotein-like nanoparticles (HDL NP), which reduce MDSC activity. Using in vitro T-cell proliferation assays, data show that HDL NPs specifically bind SCARB1 to inhibit MDSC activity. In murine cancer models, HDL NP treatment significantly reduces tumor growth, metastatic tumor burden, and increases survival due to enhanced adaptive immunity. Flow cytometry and IHC demonstrate that HDL NP-mediated suppression of MDSCs increased CD8+ T cells and reduced Treg cells in the metastatic tumor microenvironment. Using transgenic mice lacking SCARB1, in vivo data clearly show that the HDL NPs specifically target this receptor for suppressing MDSCs. Ultimately, our data provide a new mechanism and targeted therapy, HDL NPs, to modulate a critical innate immune cell checkpoint to enhance the immune response to cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(3); 686-97. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Plebanek
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Driskill Graduate Program in the Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Debayan Bhaumik
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paul J Bryce
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - C Shad Thaxton
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. .,Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lo SC, Lee WJ, Chen CY, Lee BC. Intermediate CD14 ++CD16 + monocyte predicts severe coronary stenosis and extensive plaque involvement in asymptomatic individuals. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 33:1223-1236. [PMID: 28239800 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-017-1097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Circulating leukocyte subtypes and monocyte subsets are independent predictors of cardiovascular events. We hypothesized that an increased leukocyte subtype would predict severe coronary stenosis and extensive plaque involvement. We retrospectively analyzed clinical, laboratory, and coronary CT data in a total of 588 asymptomatic adults (69% men; mean age, 57 ± 9 years) undergoing a general health check-up. Intermediate CD14++CD16+ monocyte count had the strongest association with mixed and calcified plaque scores, whereas the numbers of neutrophils and classical CD14++CD16- monocytes were significantly associated with non-calcified plaque score. Only high CD14++CD16+ monocyte count (>12 cells/μL) significantly predicted extensive plaque involvement [odds ratio 3.16 (95% confidence interval 1.84-5.43), P < 0.001; quartile 4 vs. 1-3] and severe coronary stenosis [3.67 (1.84-7.33), P < 0.001; quartile 4 vs. 1-3] after adjustments for Framingham Risk Score (FRS), metabolic syndrome, and C-reactive protein. The CD14++CD16+ monocyte count, when added to FRS, significantly reclassified 30.4 and 26.7% of the overall and 50.2 and 36.2% of the intermediate-risk population (FRS 6-20%) for predicting extensive plaque involvement and severe coronary stenosis, respectively. Thus, in asymptomatic individuals, intermediate CD14++CD16+ monocyte could independently predict severe CAD and improve risk stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Chyi Lo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jeng Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bai-Chin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kilic A, Kurtul A. RETRACTED: Mean Platelet Volume-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Novel Marker for Severity and Complexity of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome. Angiology 2017; 69:3319717724274. [PMID: 28774187 DOI: 10.1177/0003319717724274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alparslan Kilic
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Kurtul
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tani S, Nagao K, Hirayama A. Association of systemic inflammation with the serum apolipoprotein A-1 level: A cross-sectional pilot study. J Cardiol 2016; 68:168-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
6
|
Kraakman MJ, Dragoljevic D, Kammoun HL, Murphy AJ. Is the risk of cardiovascular disease altered with anti-inflammatory therapies? Insights from rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Transl Immunology 2016; 5:e84. [PMID: 27350883 PMCID: PMC4910124 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the most common form of CVD, which is complex and multifactorial with an elevated risk observed in people with either metabolic or inflammatory diseases. Accumulating evidence now links obesity with a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and has renewed our understanding of this condition and its associated comorbidities. An emerging theme linking disease states with atherosclerosis is the increased production of myeloid cells, which can initiate and exacerbate atherogenesis. Although anti-inflammatory drug treatments exist and have been successfully used to treat inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a commonly observed side effect is dyslipidemia, inadvertently, a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. The mechanisms leading to dyslipidemia associated with anti-inflammatory drug use and whether CVD risk is actually increased by this dyslipidemia are of great therapeutic importance and currently remain poorly understood. Here we review recent data providing links between inflammation, hematopoiesis, dyslipidemia and CVD risk in the context of anti-inflammatory drug use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Kraakman
- Department of Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dragana Dragoljevic
- Department of Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helene L Kammoun
- Department of Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Department of Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kataoka Y, Puri R, Nicholls SJ. Inflammation, plaque progression and vulnerability: evidence from intravascular ultrasound imaging. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2015; 5:280-9. [PMID: 26331112 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2015.05.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to a critical role of inflammation in the development and propagation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Pathological studies in human and animal models have elucidated specific inflammatory mediators contributing to the progression and rupture of atherosclerotic plaque in the artery wall. These observations not only outline the importance of inflammation in atheroma progression but also the potential of anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches to prevent and stabilize atherosclerotic disease. Intravascular ultrasonography enables direct atheroma visualization in vivo. Additionally, refinements in ultrasound technology permitting radiofrequency backscatter analysis enhance plaque characterization associated with disease instability. These imaging modalities will continue to provide opportunities for evaluating novel inflammatory mechanisms and anti-inflammatory therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kataoka
- 1 South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia ; 2 Cleveland Clinic Co-ordinating Center for Clinical Research (C5), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rishi Puri
- 1 South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia ; 2 Cleveland Clinic Co-ordinating Center for Clinical Research (C5), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- 1 South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia ; 2 Cleveland Clinic Co-ordinating Center for Clinical Research (C5), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tang F, Li X, Gui Y, Qi C, Lu M, Dai C, Wang H, Wang L. p110Delta Inhibits Monocyte Infiltration by Thioglycollate-Induced Periotoneal Inflammation but Not HCD-Induced Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in APOE KO Mice. Lipids 2015; 50:839-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
9
|
Scheiermann C, Frenette PS, Hidalgo A. Regulation of leucocyte homeostasis in the circulation. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:340-51. [PMID: 25750191 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of blood cells extend well beyond the immune functions of leucocytes or the respiratory and hemostatic functions of erythrocytes and platelets. Seen as a whole, the bloodstream is in charge of nurturing and protecting all organs by carrying a mixture of cell populations in transit from one organ to another. To optimize these functions, evolution has provided blood and the vascular system that carries it with various mechanisms that ensure the appropriate influx and egress of cells into and from the circulation where and when needed. How this homeostatic control of blood is achieved has been the object of study for over a century, and although the major mechanisms that govern it are now fairly well understood, several new concepts and mediators have recently emerged that emphasize the dynamism of this liquid tissue. Here we review old and new concepts that relate to the maintenance and regulation of leucocyte homeostasis in blood and briefly discuss the mechanisms for platelets and red blood cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Scheiermann
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Department of Atherothrombosis, Imaging and Epidemiology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain Institut für Prophylaxe und Epidemiologie der Kreislaufkrankheiten (IPEK), Munich 80336, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
White GE, McNeill E, Channon KM, Greaves DR. Fractalkine promotes human monocyte survival via a reduction in oxidative stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2554-62. [PMID: 25359863 PMCID: PMC4236230 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— The CX3C chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) has a critical role in the development of atherogenesis because apolipoprotein-E–deficient mice lacking CX3CL1 or its receptor CX3CR1 develop smaller plaques and polymorphisms in CX3CR1 are associated with altered risk of cardiovascular disease. CX3CR1 is found on numerous cell types involved in atherogenesis but seems to have a key role in monocyte function. We aimed to elucidate the role of CX3CL1 in human monocyte survival and determine the mechanism by which CX3CL1 spares monocytes from apoptosis. Approach and Results— Primary human monocytes were prepared from healthy donors and subjected to serum-starvation to induce spontaneous apoptosis. The addition of CX3CL1, but not other chemokines tested, promoted monocyte survival in a dose-dependent manner with full-length CX3CL1 (including the mucin stalk) having a more potent antiapoptotic effect than chemokine-domain CX3CL1. The prosurvival effect of CX3CL1 was evident in both monocyte subsets although nonclassical monocytes were more prone to spontaneous apoptosis. In addition, we found that the effect of CX3CL1 was independent of CX3CR1 genotype. Serum-starvation increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and this was reduced by the addition of CX3CL1. Inhibition of oxidative stress with an antioxidant prevented monocyte apoptosis, indicating that this is the dominant mechanism of cell death targeted by CX3CL1. Conclusions— CX3CL1 has a substantial and highly reproducible antiapoptotic effect on human monocytes, via a mechanism involving a reduction in oxidative stress. This suggests that CX3CL1 is likely to play a key role in human atherogenesis and may provide a novel therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma E White
- From the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology (G.E.W., D.R.G.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital (E.M., K.M.C.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (E.M., K.M.C.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen McNeill
- From the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology (G.E.W., D.R.G.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital (E.M., K.M.C.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (E.M., K.M.C.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M Channon
- From the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology (G.E.W., D.R.G.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital (E.M., K.M.C.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (E.M., K.M.C.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David R Greaves
- From the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology (G.E.W., D.R.G.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital (E.M., K.M.C.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (E.M., K.M.C.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang J, Zhang L, Yu C, Yang XF, Wang H. Monocyte and macrophage differentiation: circulation inflammatory monocyte as biomarker for inflammatory diseases. Biomark Res 2014; 2:1. [PMID: 24398220 PMCID: PMC3892095 DOI: 10.1186/2050-7771-2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 683] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes express various receptors, which monitor and sense environmental changes. Monocytes are highly plastic and heterogeneous, and change their functional phenotype in response to environmental stimulation. Evidence from murine and human studies has suggested that monocytosis can be an indicator of various inflammatory diseases. Monocytes can differentiate into inflammatory or anti-inflammatory subsets. Upon tissue damage or infection, monocytes are rapidly recruited to the tissue, where they can differentiate into tissue macrophages or dendritic cells. Given the rapid progress in monocyte research from broad spectrum of inflammatory diseases, there is a need to summarize our knowledge in monocyte heterogeneity and its impact in human disease. In this review, we describe the current understanding of heterogeneity of human and murine monocytes, the function of distinct subsets of monocytes, and a potential mechanism for monocyte differentiation. We emphasize that inflammatory monocyte subsets are valuable biomarkers for inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Lixiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Caijia Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Matsumura T, Taketa K, Motoshima H, Senokuchi T, Ishii N, Kinoshita H, Fukuda K, Yamada S, Kukidome D, Kondo T, Hisada A, Katoh T, Shimoda S, Nishikawa T, Araki E. Association between circulating leukocyte subtype counts and carotid intima-media thickness in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:177. [PMID: 24373412 PMCID: PMC3878795 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An increased leukocyte count is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events, but the association between leukocyte subtype counts and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes has not been determined. We therefore investigated the correlation between leukocyte subtype counts and intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (CCA-IMT) in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 484 in-patients with type 2 diabetes (282 males and 202 females), who were hospitalized for glycemic control and underwent carotid ultrasonography at Kumamoto University Hospital between 2005 and 2011. Mean and maximum CCA-IMT was measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. Results Univariate analyses revealed that mean CCA-IMT was positively correlated with age, systolic blood pressure, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV), urinary albumin excretion and duration of diabetes, but was negatively correlated with diastolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose. Maximum CCA-IMT was positively and negatively correlated with the same factors as mean CCA-IMT except for fasting plasma glucose. Mean CCA-IMT was positively correlated with total leukocyte (r = 0.124, p = 0.007), monocyte (r = 0.373, p < 0.001), neutrophil (r = 0.139, p = 0.002) and eosinophil (r = 0.107, p = 0.019) counts. Maximum CCA-IMT was positively correlated with total leukocyte (r = 0.154, p < 0.001), monocyte (r = 0.398, p < 0.001), neutrophil (r = 0.152, p < 0.001) and basophil counts (r = 0.102, p = 0.027). Multiple regression analyses showed that monocyte count, age and PWV were significant and independent factors associated with mean CCA-IMT (adjusted R2 = 0.239, p < 0.001), and that monocyte count, age and urinary albumin excretion were significant and independent factors associated with maximum CCA-IMT (adjusted R2 = 0.277, p < 0.001). Conclusions Monocyte counts were positively correlated with both mean CCA-IMT and maximum CCA-IMT in patients with type 2 diabetes. Monocyte count may be a useful predictor of macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Trial registration Trial registry no:
UMIN000003526.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Matsumura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang Y, Cui Y, Peng DQ. The role of monocyte phenotype switching in peri-procedural myocardial injury and its involvement in statin therapy. Med Sci Monit 2013; 19:1006-12. [PMID: 24241246 PMCID: PMC3843601 DOI: 10.12659/msm.889661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peri-procedural myocardial injury, which is associated with worse long-term clinical outcome, is a common complication related to inflammatory pathogenetic mechanisms. Monocytes and macrophages play key roles in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that monocytes in human peripheral blood are heterogeneous, including CD14+CD16− monocytes and CD14+CD16+ monocytes. Several lines of evidence suggested that CD14+CD16+ monocytes might contribute to the accelerated atherosclerosis. In view of the heightened appreciation of the heterogeneity of circulating monocytes, we hypothesized that an up-shifting subset of CD14+CD16+ monocytes might be induced by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which subsequently leads to peri-procedural myocardial injury. Moreover, statins loading before PCI could exert anti-inflammatory effects partly by modulating monocyte phenotype and thus prevent peri-procedural myocardial injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Diet induced mild hypercholesterolemia in pigs: local and systemic inflammation, effects on vascular injury - rescue by high-dose statin treatment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80588. [PMID: 24260430 PMCID: PMC3829827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to comprehensively evaluate systemic and local inflammation as well as progression of vascular inflammation in normal and mechanically injured vessels in a large animal model of mild hypercholesterolemia. Our aim was also to test the effect of high-dose statin treatment on these processes. Methods Pigs were kept for 120 days on a standard diet (SD, n=7), high-cholesterol diet (HCD, n=7) or high-cholesterol diet with Atorvastatin starting after 50 days (STATIN, n=7). Left carotid artery balloon injury was conducted in all groups after 60 days of diet treatment. Biochemical analysis together with evaluation of blood and tissue markers of vascular injury and inflammation were performed in all groups at the end of experiment. Results HCD compared to SD induced systemic inflammation demonstrated by increased number of circulating monocytes and lymphocytes. HCD compared to SD induced also local inflammation demonstrated by adipocyte hypertrophy and infiltration of T-lymphocytes in abdominal white adipose tissue, activation of hepatic stellate cells with infiltration of T- and B-lymphocytes and macrophages in the liver and increased macrophage content in lung parenchyma. These changes were accompanied by increased Intima/Media thickness, stenosis, matrix deposition and activated T-cell infiltrates in injured but not in uninjured contralateral carotid artery as we previously reported. The treatment with high-dose statin attenuated all aspects of systemic and local inflammation as well as pathological changes in injured carotid artery. Conclusions Diet related mild hypercholesterolemia induce systemic and local inflammation in the liver, lung and adipose tissue that coincide with enhanced inflammation of injured vessel but is without deleterious effect on uninjured vessels. High dose statin attenuated systemic and local inflammation and protected injured vessels. However, finding exact role of reduced systemic and remote inflammation in vascular protection requires further studies.
Collapse
|
15
|
Soehnlein O, Swirski FK. Hypercholesterolemia links hematopoiesis with atherosclerosis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:129-36. [PMID: 23228326 PMCID: PMC4302393 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the progressive accumulation of lipids and leukocytes in the arterial wall. Leukocytes such as macrophages accumulate oxidized lipoproteins in the growing atheromata and give rise to foam cells, which can then contribute to the necrotic core of lesions. Lipids and leukocytes also interact in other important ways. In experimental models, systemic hypercholesterolemia is associated with severe neutrophilia and monocytosis. Recent evidence indicates that cholesterol-sensing pathways control the proliferation of hematopoietic stem-cell progenitors. Here we review some of the studies that are forging this particular link between metabolism and inflammation, and propose several strategies that could target this axis for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Soehnlein
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
D'Ascenzo F, Agostoni P, Abbate A, Castagno D, Lipinski MJ, Vetrovec GW, Frati G, Presutti DG, Quadri G, Moretti C, Gaita F, Zoccai GB. Atherosclerotic coronary plaque regression and the risk of adverse cardiovascular events: A meta-regression of randomized clinical trials. Atherosclerosis 2013. [PMID: 23206978 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
17
|
Tani S, Matsumoto M, Nakamura Y, Nagao K, Hirayama A. Association of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and body mass index with coronary plaque regression. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2012; 12:279-86. [PMID: 22747341 DOI: 10.1007/bf03261836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The change (Δ) in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (ΔLDL-C/HDL-C) and obesity are known to play important roles in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that a reasonable predictive model of coronary plaque regression could be constructed using ΔLDL-C/HDL-C and the body mass index (BMI). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to establish a predictive model of coronary plaque regression using ΔLDL-C/HDL-C and BMI. METHODS AND RESULTS A 6-month prospective observational study was conducted among 114 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who were treated with pravastatin. The plaque volume, as assessed using volumetric intravascular ultrasound, decreased significantly by 9.9% (p < 0.0001 vs baseline). In a multivariate regression analysis with traditional risk factors, ΔLDL-C/HDL-C (β: 0.473, p = 0.0001) and the baseline BMI (β: 0.249, p = 0.004) were identified as independent predictors of the Δplaque volume. The patients were divided using the 50th percentile of the baseline BMI and the 50th percentile of the ΔLDL-C/HDL-C ratio as cutoffs, and a model for predicting coronary atherosclerotic regression was prepared using a combination of the two variables. The Δplaque volumes were -18.3%, -14.1%, -4.8%, and -2.2% for the groups with ΔLDL-C/HDL-C ≤ -22.2% and a BMI ≤ 24.1 kg/m(2), ΔLDL-C/HDL-C ≤ -22.2% and ΔBMI >24.1 kg/m(2), ΔLDL-C/HDL-C > -22.2% and BMI ≤ 24.1 kg/m(2), and ΔLDL-C/HDL-C > -22.2% and BMI >24.1 kg/m(2), respectively (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION A predictive model for coronary plaque regression based on a combination of ΔLDL-C/HDL-C and the baseline BMI may be a useful clinical tool in patients with CAD.
Collapse
|
18
|
Tani S, Matsumoto M, Nakamura Y, Nagao K, Hirayama A. Association of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Body Mass Index with Coronary Plaque Regression. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2012. [DOI: 10.2165/11632520-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
19
|
Toyama K, Sugiyama S, Oka H, Iwasaki Y, Sumida H, Tanaka T, Tayama S, Jinnouchi H, Ogawa H. Combination treatment of rosuvastatin or atorvastatin, with regular exercise improves arterial wall stiffness in patients with coronary artery disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41369. [PMID: 22829944 PMCID: PMC3400658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Statin- and exercise-therapy are both clinically beneficial by preventing cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there is no information on the vascular effects of the combination of statins and exercise on arterial wall stiffness in CAD patients. METHODS The present study is a sub-analysis of PRESET study that determined the effects of 20-week treatment with statins (rosuvastatin, n=14, atorvastatin, n=14) combined with regular exercise on arterial wall stiffness assessed by measurement of brachial and ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in CAD patients. RESULTS The combination of statins and regular exercise significantly improved exercise capacity, lipid profile, including low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), baPWV (baseline: 1747 ± 355, at 20 weeks of treatment: 1627 ± 271 cm/s, p=0.008), and basophil count (baseline: 42 ± 32, 20 weeks: 26 ± 15 cells/µL, p=0.007), but had no effect on blood pressure (baseline: 125 ± 22, 20 weeks: 121 ± 16 mmHg). Changes in baPWV correlated significantly with changes in basophil count (r=0.488, p=0.008), but not with age, lipids profile, exercise capacity, or hs-CRP. CONCLUSION In CAD patients, the combination treatment with statins and exercise resulted in significant amelioration of arterial wall stiffness, at least in part, through reduction of circulating basophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Toyama
- Faculty of Life Science, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Research Fellowship of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Health Insurance Hitoyoshi General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seigo Sugiyama
- Faculty of Life Science, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hideki Oka
- Division of Cardiology, Health Insurance Hitoyoshi General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuri Iwasaki
- Clinical Research Center, Health Insurance Hitoyoshi General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sumida
- Division of Cardiology, Kumamoto Central Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Tayama
- Division of Cardiology, Health Insurance Hitoyoshi General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Jinnouchi
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hisao Ogawa
- Faculty of Life Science, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Murphy AJ, Akhtari M, Tolani S, Pagler T, Bijl N, Kuo CL, Wang M, Sanson M, Abramowicz S, Welch C, Bochem AE, Kuivenhoven JA, Yvan-Charvet L, Tall AR. ApoE regulates hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, monocytosis, and monocyte accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:4138-49. [PMID: 21968112 DOI: 10.1172/jci57559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytosis is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk in humans and develops in hypercholesterolemic atherosclerotic animal models. Leukocytosis is associated with the proliferation of hematopoietic stem and multipotential progenitor cells (HSPCs) in mice with deficiencies of the cholesterol efflux-promoting ABC transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 in BM cells. Here, we have determined the role of endogenous apolipoprotein-mediated cholesterol efflux pathways in these processes. In Apoe⁻/⁻ mice fed a chow or Western- type diet, monocytosis and neutrophilia developed in association with the proliferation and expansion of HSPCs in the BM. In contrast, Apoa1⁻/⁻ mice showed no monocytosis compared with controls. ApoE was found on the surface of HSPCs, in a proteoglycan-bound pool, where it acted in an ABCA1- and ABCG1-dependent fashion to decrease cell proliferation. Accordingly, competitive BM transplantation experiments showed that ApoE acted cell autonomously to control HSPC proliferation, monocytosis, neutrophilia, and monocyte accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions. Infusion of reconstituted HDL and LXR activator treatment each reduced HSPC proliferation and monocytosis in Apoe⁻/⁻ mice. These studies suggest a specific role for proteoglycanbound ApoE at the surface of HSPCs to promote cholesterol efflux via ABCA1/ABCG1 and decrease cell proliferation, monocytosis, and atherosclerosis. Although endogenous apoA-I was ineffective, pharmacologic approaches to increasing cholesterol efflux suppressed stem cell proliferative responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Murphy
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mychaleckyj JC, Farber EA, Chmielewski J, Artale J, Light LS, Bowden DW, Hou X, Marcovina SM. Buffy coat specimens remain viable as a DNA source for highly multiplexed genome-wide genetic tests after long term storage. J Transl Med 2011; 9:91. [PMID: 21663644 PMCID: PMC3128059 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood specimen collection at an early study visit is often included in observational studies or clinical trials for analysis of secondary outcome biomarkers. A common protocol is to store buffy coat specimens for future DNA isolation and these may remain in frozen storage for many years. It is uncertain if the DNA remains suitable for modern genome wide association (GWA) genotyping. Methods We isolated DNA from 120 Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) clinical trial buffy coats sampling a range of storage times up to 9 years and other factors that could influence DNA yield. We performed TaqMan SNP and GWA genotyping to test whether the DNA retained integrity for high quality genetic analysis. Results We tested two QIAGEN automated protocols for DNA isolation, preferring the Compromised Blood Protocol despite similar yields. We isolated DNA from all 120 specimens (yield range 1.1-312 ug per 8.5 ml ACD tube of whole blood) with only 3/120 samples yielding < 10 ug DNA. Age of participant at blood draw was negatively associated with yield (mean change -2.1 ug/year). DNA quality was very good based on gel electrophoresis QC, TaqMan genotyping of 6 SNPs (genotyping no-call rate 1.1% in 702 genotypes), and excellent quality GWA genotyping data (maximum per sample genotype missing rate 0.64%). Conclusions When collected as a long term clinical trial or biobank specimen for DNA, buffy coats can be stored for up to 9 years in a -80degC frozen state and still produce high yields of DNA suitable for GWA analysis and other genetic testing. Trial Registration The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00000620.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josyf C Mychaleckyj
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lymphocyte count was significantly associated with hyper-LDL cholesterolemia independently of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in apparently healthy Japanese. Heart Vessels 2011; 27:377-83. [PMID: 21655904 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-011-0157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between leukocyte subtype counts and hyper-LDL cholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypo-HDL cholesterolemia. Logistic regressions using hyper-LDL cholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypo-HDL cholesterolemia as a dependent variable and total leukocyte, basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts as an independent variable were calculated adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), smoking, drinking, and physical activity in apparently healthy Japanese men (1,803) and women (1,150). The odds ratio (OR) of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia for total leukocyte, eosinophil, and lymphocyte counts, the OR of hypertriglyceridemia for total leukocyte, eosinophil, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, and the OR of hypo-HDL cholesterolemia for total leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were significant in men, and the OR of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia, for lymphocyte count, and the OR of hypo-HDL cholesterolemia for eosinophil count were significant in women. Lymphocyte count was significantly associated with hyper-LDL cholesterolemia independently of hs-CRP in apparently healthy Japanese.
Collapse
|
23
|
Tani S, Matsumoto M, Anazawa T, Kawamata H, Furuya S, Takahashi H, Iida K, Washio T, Kumabe N, Kobori M, Nagao K, Hirayama A. Development of a model for prediction of coronary atherosclerotic regression: evaluation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and peripheral blood monocyte count. Heart Vessels 2011; 27:143-50. [PMID: 21416115 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-011-0130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) play important roles in the process of coronary atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that a reasonable predictive model of coronary plaque regression might be constructed using the change in the peripheral monocyte count and the serum HDL-C level. The plaque volume, as assessed by volumetric intravascular ultrasound, was measured at the baseline and after 6 months of pravastatin therapy in 114 patients with coronary artery disease. After 6 months of pravastatin therapy, a significant decrease of the plaque volume by 9.9% (p < 0.0001, vs. baseline) was observed; furthermore, a corresponding increase of the serum HDL-C level and decrease of the peripheral blood monocyte count were also seen (12.5%, p < 0.01 and -7.3%, p < 0.0001). In a multivariate regression analysis using the serum lipids and traditional risk factors as the covariates, the increase in the serum HDL-C (β -0.56, p < 0.0001) and the decrease in monocyte count (β 0.23, p = 0.03) were identified as independent predictors of the plaque regression. A model for the prediction of plaque regression according to whether the achieved the change in (Δ) monocyte count and ΔHDL-C were above or below the median values was prepared. Among the four groups, the group with ΔHDL-C ≥8.8% and Δmonocyte count ≤-8.6% showed the largest plaque regression (-20.4%), and the group with ΔHDL-C <8.8% and Δmonocyte count >-8.6% showed the increase of the plaque volume (2.6%). In view of the inflammatory nature of atherosclerosis, the model constructed using the two predictors may be a useful model for the prediction of plaque regression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigemasa Tani
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Luoma PV. Gene activation regresses atherosclerosis, promotes health, and enhances longevity. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:67. [PMID: 20604930 PMCID: PMC2909992 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle factors and pharmacological compounds activate genetic mechanisms that influence the development of atherosclerotic and other diseases. This article reviews studies on natural and pharmacological gene activation that promotes health and enhances longevity. Results Living habits including healthy diet and regular physical activity, and pharmacotherapy, upregulate genes encoding enzymes and apolipoprotein and ATP-binding cassette transporters, acting in metabolic processes that promote health and increase survival. Cytochrome P450-enzymes, physiological factors in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis, generate oxysterols for the elimination of surplus cholesterol. Hepatic CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase-α is an important regulator of plasma HDL-C level. Gene-activators produce plasma lipoprotein profile, high HDL-C, HDL2-C and HDL-C/cholesterol ratio, which is typical of low risk of atherosclerotic disease, and also of exceptional longevity together with reduced prevalence of cardiovascular, metabolic and other diseases. High HDL contributes to protection against inflammation, oxidation and thrombosis, and associates with good cognitive function in very old people. Avoiding unhealthy stress and managing it properly promotes health and increases life expectancy. Conclusions Healthy living habits and gene-activating xenobiotics upregulate mechanisms that produce lipoprotein pattern typical of very old people and enhance longevity. Lipoprotein metabolism and large HDL2 associate with the process of living a very long life. Major future goals for health promotion are the improving of commitment to both wise lifestyle choices and drug therapy, and further the developing of new and more effective and well tolerated drugs and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauli V Luoma
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Sanz J, Moreno PR, Fuster V. The year in atherothrombosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55:1487-98. [PMID: 20359599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sanz
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute/Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tani S, Nagao K, Anazawa T, Kawamata H, Furuya S, Takahashi H, Iida K, Matsumoto M, Washio T, Kumabe N, Hirayama A. Relation of change in apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio to coronary plaque regression after Pravastatin treatment in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2010; 105:144-8. [PMID: 20102908 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.08.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Some investigations have looked into the ability of measurements of apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I (apoB/apoA-I) ratio to predict cardiovascular events. We hypothesized that a decrease in the apoB/apoA-1 ratio by statin therapy would act on suppression of coronary plaque progression. A 6-month prospective study was conducted of 64 patients with coronary artery disease treated with pravastatin. The plaque volume, assessed by volumetric intravascular ultrasonography, had decreased significantly by 12.6% (p <0.0001 vs baseline). Although a significant decrease of 6.4% and 14.6% was found in the serum level of apoB and the apoB/apoA-1 ratio (p = 0.0001 and p <0.0001, respectively, vs baseline), a significant increase of 14.0% of and 12.0% in the level of apoA-I and apoA-II (both p <0.0001 vs baseline). No significant changes were found in the level of apoC-II or apoE. A stepwise regression analysis revealed that the change in the apoB/apoA-1 ratio was an independent predictor of the change in coronary plaque volume (beta coefficient 0.386; p = 0.0023). In conclusion, our results have indicated that the decrease in the apoB/apoA-I ratio is a simple predictor for coronary atherosclerotic regression: the lower the apoB/apoA-I ratio, the lower the risk of coronary atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigemasa Tani
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University, Surugadai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tani S, Nagao K, Anazawa T, Kawamata H, Furuya S, Takahashi H, Iida K, Matsumoto M, Washio T, Kumabe N, Hirayama A. Coronary Plaque Regression and Lifestyle Modification in Patients Treated With Pravastatin - Assessment Mainly by Daily Aerobic Exercise and an Increase in the Serum Level of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol -. Circ J 2010; 74:954-61. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-09-0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigemasa Tani
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Ken Nagao
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Takeo Anazawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Hirofumi Kawamata
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Shingo Furuya
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Kiyoshi Iida
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Michiaki Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Takehiko Washio
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Narimichi Kumabe
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Atsushi Hirayama
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Soehnlein O, Drechsler M, Hristov M, Weber C. Functional alterations of myeloid cell subsets in hyperlipidaemia: relevance for atherosclerosis. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:4293-303. [PMID: 19900213 PMCID: PMC4515047 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease wherein the infiltration of myeloid cells of the vessel wall is a hallmark event. Lymphocytes, platelets and endothelial cells stand out as prominent suspects being involved in atherosclerosis. However, recent advances suggest a crucial role for myeloid leucocytes, specifically monocyte subsets, neutrophils, dendritic cells and endothelial progenitor cells. These cell types are not just rapidly recruited or already reside in the vascular wall, but also initiate and perpetuate core mechanisms in plaque formation and destabilization. Hyperlipidaemia is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Herein, hyperlipidaemia skews myeloid cell haemostasis, phenotype and transcriptional regulation of pro-inflammatory factors ultimately promoting myeloid cell extravasation and atherosclerosis. We here review the role of myeloid cells in atherosclerosis as well as the effects of hyperlipidaemia on these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|