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Tubeeckx MRL, De Keulenaer GW, Heidbuchel H, Segers VFM. Pathophysiology and clinical relevance of atrial myopathy. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:215-242. [PMID: 38472506 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Atrial myopathy is a condition that consists of electrical, structural, contractile, and autonomic remodeling of the atria and is the substrate for development of atrial fibrillation, the most common arrhythmia. Pathophysiologic mechanisms driving atrial myopathy are inflammation, oxidative stress, atrial stretch, and neurohormonal signals, e.g., angiotensin-II and aldosterone. These mechanisms initiate the structural and functional remodeling of the atrial myocardium. Novel therapeutic strategies are being developed that target the pathophysiologic mechanisms of atrial myopathy. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiology of atrial myopathy, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel R L Tubeeckx
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Universiteitsplein 1, Building T (2nd Floor), 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Gilles W De Keulenaer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Universiteitsplein 1, Building T (2nd Floor), 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, ZNA Middelheim Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hein Heidbuchel
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent F M Segers
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Universiteitsplein 1, Building T (2nd Floor), 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Frangogiannis NG, Kovacic JC. Extracellular Matrix in Ischemic Heart Disease, Part 4/4: JACC Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:2219-2235. [PMID: 32354387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia and infarction, both in the acute and chronic phases, are associated with cardiomyocyte loss and dramatic changes in the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM). It has long been appreciated that these changes in the cardiac ECM result in altered mechanical properties of ischemic or infarcted myocardial segments. However, a growing body of evidence now clearly demonstrates that these alterations of the ECM not only affect the structural properties of the ischemic and post-infarct heart, but they also play a crucial and sometimes direct role in mediating a range of biological pathways, including the orchestration of inflammatory and reparative processes, as well as the pathogenesis of adverse remodeling. This final part of a 4-part JACC Focus Seminar reviews the evidence on the role of the ECM in relation to the ischemic and infarcted heart, as well as its contribution to cardiac dysfunction and adverse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
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Nielsen SH, Mouton AJ, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Genovese F, Karsdal M, Lindsey ML. Understanding cardiac extracellular matrix remodeling to develop biomarkers of myocardial infarction outcomes. Matrix Biol 2017; 75-76:43-57. [PMID: 29247693 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in industrialized countries, and myocardial infarction (MI) is a major CVD with significant morbidity and mortality. Following MI, the left ventricle (LV) undergoes a wound healing response to ischemia that results in extracellular matrix (ECM) scar formation to replace necrotic myocytes. While ECM accumulation following MI is termed cardiac fibrosis, this is a generic term that does not differentiate between ECM accumulation that occurs in the infarct region to form a scar that is structurally necessary to preserve left ventricle (LV) wall integrity and ECM accumulation that increases LV wall stiffness to exacerbate dilation and stimulate the progression to heart failure. This review focuses on post-MI LV ECM remodeling, targeting the discussion on ECM biomarkers that could be useful for predicting MI outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Holm Nielsen
- Fibrosis Biology and Biomarkers, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark; Disease Systems Immunology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alan J Mouton
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Morten Karsdal
- Fibrosis Biology and Biomarkers, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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Ferreira JP, Machu JL, Girerd N, Jaisser F, Thum T, Butler J, González A, Diez J, Heymans S, McDonald K, Gyöngyösi M, Firat H, Rossignol P, Pizard A, Zannad F. Rationale of the FIBROTARGETS study designed to identify novel biomarkers of myocardial fibrosis. ESC Heart Fail 2017; 5:139-148. [PMID: 28988439 PMCID: PMC5793978 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Myocardial fibrosis alters the cardiac architecture favouring the development of cardiac dysfunction, including arrhythmias and heart failure. Reducing myocardial fibrosis may improve outcomes through the targeted diagnosis and treatment of emerging fibrotic pathways. The European‐Commission‐funded ‘FIBROTARGETS’ is a multinational academic and industrial consortium with the main aims of (i) characterizing novel key mechanistic pathways involved in the metabolism of fibrillary collagen that may serve as biotargets, (ii) evaluating the potential anti‐fibrotic properties of novel or repurposed molecules interfering with the newly identified biotargets, and (iii) characterizing bioprofiles based on distinct mechanistic phenotypes involving the aforementioned biotargets. These pathways will be explored by performing a systematic and collaborative search for mechanisms and targets of myocardial fibrosis. These mechanisms will then be translated into individualized diagnostic tools and specific therapeutic pharmacological options for heart failure. Methods and results The FIBROTARGETS consortium has merged data from 12 patient cohorts in a common database available to individual consortium partners. The database consists of >12 000 patients with a large spectrum of cardiovascular clinical phenotypes. It integrates community‐based population cohorts, cardiovascular risk cohorts, and heart failure cohorts. Conclusions The FIBROTARGETS biomarker programme is aimed at exploring fibrotic pathways allowing the bioprofiling of patients into specific ‘fibrotic’ phenotypes and identifying new therapeutic targets that will potentially enable the development of novel and tailored anti‐fibrotic therapies for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Ferreira
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1433 Module Plurithématique, INSERM U1116, Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Hopitaux de Brabois, Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux Louis Mathieu, 4 rue du Morvan, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research and Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jean-Loup Machu
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1433 Module Plurithématique, INSERM U1116, Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Hopitaux de Brabois, Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux Louis Mathieu, 4 rue du Morvan, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1433 Module Plurithématique, INSERM U1116, Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Hopitaux de Brabois, Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux Louis Mathieu, 4 rue du Morvan, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Javed Butler
- Cardiology Division, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Diez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Patrick Rossignol
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1433 Module Plurithématique, INSERM U1116, Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Hopitaux de Brabois, Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux Louis Mathieu, 4 rue du Morvan, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Anne Pizard
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1433 Module Plurithématique, INSERM U1116, Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Hopitaux de Brabois, Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux Louis Mathieu, 4 rue du Morvan, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1433 Module Plurithématique, INSERM U1116, Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Hopitaux de Brabois, Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux Louis Mathieu, 4 rue du Morvan, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Zile MR, Mehurg SM, Arroyo JE, Stroud RE, DeSantis SM, Spinale FG. Relationship between the temporal profile of plasma microRNA and left ventricular remodeling in patients after myocardial infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 4:614-9. [PMID: 21956146 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.111.959841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND microRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that recognize and bind to mRNAs and inhibit protein translation or degrade mRNA. Studies in animal models have suggested that miRs play a translational or posttranslational regulatory role in myocardial growth, fibrosis, viability, and remodeling. However, whether specific temporal changes in miRs occur in patients during the left ventricular (LV) remodeling process that follows a myocardial infarction (post-MI) remains unknown. The current pilot study tested the hypotheses that plasma miRs could be reliably measured in post-MI patients and that there is a relationship between temporal changes in specific miRs and post-MI LV structural remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS LV end-diastolic volume (echocardiography) and plasma miR were measured in age-matched referent controls (CTLs, n=12) and post-MI patients (n=12) from day 2 through day 90 post-MI. Selected miRs (miR-1, miR-21, miR-29a, miR-133a, and miR-208) were measured using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and normalized for endogenous small nuclear RNA U6. After MI, LV end-diastolic volume increased progressively compared with CTL; this was accompanied by time-dependent changes in specific miRs. For example, miR-21 initially decreased 2 days post-MI (0.3 ± 0.1-fold versus CTL; P<0.05), increased 5 days post-MI (2 ± 1-fold versus CTL; P<0.05), and returned to CTL values at later post-MI time points. In contrast, miR-29a increased 5 days post-MI (4 ± 1-fold versus CTL; P<0.05) and then decreased to CTL at later time points. miR-208 increased 5 days post-MI (3 ± 1-fold versus CTL; P<0.05) and remained elevated up to 90 days post-MI. CONCLUSIONS A time-dependent change in miRs occurred in post-MI patients, including an early and robust increase in miRs that has affected myocardial growth, fibrosis, and viability. Thus, serially profiling miRs in the plasma of post-MI patients may hold both mechanistic and prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Zile
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina and Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Administration of pigment epithelium-derived factor inhibits left ventricular remodeling and improves cardiac function in rats with acute myocardial infarction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:591-8. [PMID: 21281791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We have found that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) inhibits vascular inflammation through its anti-oxidative properties. However, effects of PEDF on cardiac remodeling after AMI remain unknown. We investigated whether PEDF could inhibit left ventricular remodeling and improve cardiac function in rats with AMI. AMI was induced in 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats by ligation of the left ascending coronary artery. Rats were treated intravenously with vehicle or 10 μg PEDF/100 g b.wt. every day for up to 2 weeks after AMI. Each rat was followed until 16 weeks of age. PEDF levels in infarcted areas and serum were significantly decreased at 1 week after AMI and remained low during the observational periods. PEDF administration inhibited apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress generation around the infarcted areas at 2 and 8 weeks after AMI. Further, PEDF injection suppressed cardiac fibrosis by reducing transforming growth factor-β and type III collagen expression, improved left ventricular ejection fraction, ameliorated diastolic dysfunction, and inhibited the increase in left ventricular mass index at 8 weeks after AMI. The present study demonstrated that PEDF could inhibit tissue remodeling and improve cardiac function in AMI rats. Substitution of PEDF may be a novel therapeutic strategy for cardiac remodeling after AMI.
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